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73-623: The band consisted of five musicians who had played in the Papa Jack Laine bands. ODJB billed itself as "the Creators of Jazz". It was the first band to record jazz commercially and to have hit recordings in the genre. Band leader and cornetist Nick LaRocca argued that ODJB deserved recognition as the first band to record jazz commercially and the first band to establish jazz as a musical idiom or genre. The original quintet disbanded in 1926. Ten years later, Nick LaRocca recruited most of

146-623: A "jass" band. W. C. Handy recorded one of the earliest cover versions of an ODJB tune when he released a recording of "Livery Stable Blues" by Handy's Orchestra of Memphis for Columbia in 1917. In 1918, the song "When You Hear That Dixieland Jazz Band Play" by Shelton Brooks , "the King of Ragtime Writers", was published by Will Rossiter in Chicago. It was a tribute to the Original Dixieland Jazz Band, who were featured on

219-734: A Bible publisher. Trombonist Eddie Edwards was discovered operating a newsstand in New York City; newspaper publicity resulted in Edwards fronting a local nightclub band. Drummer Tony Sbarbaro was now a mechanic. Pianist J. Russel Robinson was in radio, a musical director for the NBC network. Although Variety reported in November 1932 that Victor planned to use the band in new remakes of their old hits, only Eddie Edwards and Tony Sbarbaro were mentioned, with nightclub emcee Kendall Capps set to front

292-634: A couple of other New Orleans bands had passed through New York City slightly earlier, they were part of vaudeville acts. ODJB, on the other hand, played for dancing and hence, were the first "jass" band to get a following of fans in New York and then record at a time when the American recording industry was essentially centered in the northeastern United States, primarily in New York City and Camden, New Jersey . Shortly after arriving in New York,

365-779: A fan of bygone acts, hired the band in late 1936 for a tour of personal appearances. Bass violinist Harry Barth was added to the band in January 1937 for these stage shows. A Variety reviewer caught the Baltimore engagement and disapproved of Murray's handling: "Unfortunately boys aren't getting the spotlight they deserve. They're part of Murray's act and, with two brief exceptions, there's something in front of band [at] all times. To many, that old act has been mythical, especially in last year-and-half. Murray didn't even adequately explain band's background when intro'ing it. Comic should certainly take advantage of what he has in his own act." After

438-589: A hundred times. "Margie" has been recorded by Louis Armstrong , who also covered the band's "Tiger Rag", Ray Charles , Al Jolson , Duke Ellington and His Orchestra in 1935, the Billy Kyle Swing Club Band, Claude Hopkins , Red Nichols , Django Reinhardt , George Paxton , the Dutch Swing College Band , Fats Domino , Sidney Bechet , Don Redman , Cab Calloway, Jim Reeves , Gene Krupa , and Benny Goodman . "Margie"

511-418: A large and diverse group of people such as Mexican clarinetist Lorenzo Tio, Sr. , a pioneer of the jazz solo. Laine believed music brought people together. Laine retired from the music booking business by 1920, but he was interviewed a number of times, providing first-hand accounts of the early days of the development of New Orleans jazz . On January 1, 1951, Laine was made an Honorary Life Member and given

584-660: A letter dated January 29, 1917, offered the band an audition for the Columbia Graphophone Company . The session took place on Wednesday, January 31, 1917 . Nothing from this test session was issued. The band then recorded two sides for the Victor Talking Machine Company , "Livery Stable Blues" and " Dixieland Jass Band One-Step ", on February 26, 1917 at Victor's New York studios. These titles were released as Victor 18255 in May 1917,

657-590: A new version of "Tiger Rag" was released as V-Disc 214, featuring Edwards and Sbarbaro under the ODJB name; "Sensation Rag" also was released as V-Disc 214B2. V-Discs were non-commercial recordings issued only to the U.S. armed forces. In 1946 Tony Sbarbaro (now using the name Tony Spargo) led a new eight-man group, "The Emperors of Jazz", with ODJB alumnus Frank Signorelli on piano. J. Russel Robinson moved to California and continued to write songs, forming his own publishing company Southern California Music in 1952. In 1960

730-430: A no. 7 hit in 1921. Claude Hopkins and His Orchestra reached no. 5 in 1934 with Orlando Peterson on vocals. Don Redman and His Orchestra got to no. 15 in 1939 with a cover of the ODJB song. Dave Brubeck , Bix Beiderbecke , Bing Crosby , Jo Stafford , Erroll Garner , Oscar Peterson , Charlie Shavers , Jimmy Smith , Joe Venuti , Ray Barretto , and Shelly Manne also have recorded the song. Jimmie Lunceford recorded

803-548: A saxophone to the arrangements in the manner of other popular orchestras. Jazz pianist and composer Frank Signorelli , who collaborated on the jazz standards "A Blues Serenade" recorded by Glenn Miller and Duke Ellington, "Gypsy", and " Stairway to the Stars ", joined the ODJB for a brief time in 1921. In November 1925 Nick LaRocca announced that he was retiring from the music business. He was replaced by 19-year-old trumpeter Henry Levine, who in 1940 brought this kind of repertoire to

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876-410: A self-taught violinist , and subsequently took up the clarinet as well. Over the years he would also learn to play trombone , bass clarinet and organ . Wilbur Sweatman's professional music career began in the late 1890s when, still a teenager, he toured with circus bands, first with Professor Clark Smith's Pickaninny Band from Kansas City , then with the P. G. Lowery Band. By 1901 he had become

949-502: A tiger as a mascot. In the biography John Coltrane: His Life and Music , published in 1999, Lewis Porter noted that ODJB's classic, "Margie", was a "specialty" of John Coltrane , a song he performed regularly in his early career. "Tiger Rag", "Margie", "Clarinet Marmalade", "At The Jazz Band Ball", "Sensation Rag", and "Fidgety Feet" remain much played classics in the repertory of contemporary Dixieland and traditional jazz bands. Their tunes were published as collaborations by some or all of

1022-403: A time when a third as many sales was considered a hit. Sweatman singles shipped over a million copies in 1919 alone. Several more successful releases followed in 1918–19, Sweatman's peak of popularity. His best-selling song was "Kansas City Blues" (1919), which shipped 180,000 copies. However, by 1920 sales were on the wane, perhaps reflecting the ephemeral interest in his novelty style of jazz, and

1095-584: A vast number of Sicilians to migrate to New Orleans, and other American cities, between the late 1800s and early 1900s. With this migration, Sicilian sound was brought to New Orleans and integrated with regional African-American music. The band would capitalize on this growing integration. After their initial recording for the Victor Company, the ODJB recorded for Columbia Records (after the first Victor session, not before as has sometimes been reported) and Aeolian-Vocalion in 1917, then returned to Victor

1168-411: Is because they were imitated widely by musicians who followed in the band's footsteps. Their concept of arrangement was somewhat limited, and their recordings can seem rather repetitive. The lack of a bass player is scarcely compensated for by the piano on their earlier, acoustically recorded sessions. Nonetheless, ODJB arrangements were wild, impolite, and definitely had a jazz feel, and that style still

1241-400: Is no different basically than the old Dixieland style. The sole difference is that today it is closer harmony, because it's arranged. The arranger scores the supposed improvisations because otherwise it would sound like bedlam. When a small combo of four or five jams it out, no arrangement is necessary because each instrumentalist merely takes the chorus lead in sequence." Ken Murray , always

1314-437: Is referred to as the style of music known as Dixieland. ODJB's songs were recorded by other musicians, such as Fletcher Henderson and His Orchestra, one of the most popular and influential jazz bands of the 1920s. Bix Beiderbecke recorded nine compositions associated with the ODJB from 1924 to 1930: "Fidgety Feet", his first recording in 1924, "Tiger Rag", "Sensation", "Lazy Daddy", "Ostrich Walk", "Clarinet Marmalade", "Singin'

1387-621: The Jim Crow laws went into effect in New Orleans. Due to the diverse background of many of his band's members, a broad range of ideas developed and fused, leading to the early beginnings of jazz music. Even after segregation laws started demanding "whites" and "colored" be kept separate, Laine continued to hire light- and medium light-skinned African-American musicians, claiming that they were "Cuban" or "Mexican" if any segregationist tried to start trouble. Therefore, his band attracted

1460-621: The Original Creole Orchestra , Sweatman abruptly changed his sextet's sound and instrumentation in early 1917. Sweatman's band consisted of five saxophonists and himself on clarinet, a combo which soon signed with Pathé . They recorded rags, as well as some of the hit songs of the day. Sweatman was the first African American to make recordings labeled as "Jass" and "Jazz". Since Sweatman can be heard making melodic variations even in his 1916 recordings, it might be argued that Sweatman recorded an archaic type of jazz earlier than

1533-659: The United States in the 1910s and 1920s got their start in Laine's marching band, including the members of the Original Dixieland Jass Band . Laine was a drummer , but he was more noted for his skills at arranging and booking bands. Laine's musicians included individuals from most of New Orleans' many ethnic groups: African American, English, French, German, Irish, Italian, Jewish, Latin American, Scottish, etc. He started leading bands in 1885 before

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1606-407: The vaudeville circuit full-time, developing a successful act of playing three clarinets at once. An Indianapolis account described his performance there: Though somewhat diminutive in stature, Wilbur C. Sweatman has a style and grace of manner in all of his executions that is at once convincing, and the soulfulness of expression that he blends into his tones is something wonderful. His first number

1679-424: The "Original Dixieland Jazz Band" in live performances. Nothing came of this and no recordings resulted. In October 1935 Tony Sbarbaro recorded four sides for Vocalion with his own quintet, billed as "Original Dixieland Jazz Band." In early 1936 Nick LaRocca and Larry Shields reunited in New Orleans for a hotel date. Encouraged by the response, they continued to play local clubs and private functions. LaRocca, gauging

1752-605: The Blues" with Frankie Trumbauer and Eddie Lang, "Margie", and "At the Jazz Band Ball". The band's seminal 78-rpm recordings include the following (on Victor, Columbia, and Aeolian Vocalion): (LaRocca, Shields, Robinson, and Sbarbaro with orchestra) Papa Jack Laine George Vital " Papa Jack " Laine (September 21, 1873 – June 1, 1966) was an American musician and a pioneering band leader in New Orleans in

1825-450: The Blues", and he wrote "Mama Whip! Mama Spank! (If Her Daddy Don't Come Home)" for blues and jazz singer Mamie Smith and her Jazz Band in 1921, which were released on the Okeh label. Robinson was a member of the band until 1923; he rejoined the band when it reformed in 1936. "Margie", composed by J. Russel Robinson with Con Conrad , with lyrics added by Benny Davis , has been covered over

1898-700: The NBC radio show The Chamber Music Society of Lower Basin Street . With LaRocca's departure Tony Sbarbaro, now the only original member of the ODJB, became the bandleader. The personnel for this final incarnation of the "original" ODJB was Tony Sbarbaro (drums), Henry Levine (trumpet), Artie Seaberg (clarinet), Al Caplan (trombone), and Wilder Chase (piano). The band finished out its contract with New York's Cinderella Ballroom in February 1926, and then disbanded. The band broke up in 1926 because its brand of free-wheeling jazz

1971-482: The ODJB name for many years. Nick LaRocca's son, Jimmy LaRocca, continues to lead bands under the name The Original Dixieland Jazz Band, which LaRocca the younger has trademarked. The ODJB was the first band to record jazz successfully, establishing and creating jazz as a new musical idiom and genre of music. Bix Beiderbecke was influenced by the ODJB to become a jazz musician and was heavily influenced by Nick LaRocca's cornet and trumpet style. Louis Armstrong acknowledged

2044-536: The Original Dixieland Five's recording of "Clarinet Marmalade" on the same 78-rpm disc. The ODJB reunion received widespread publicity, including a March of Time newsreel re-creating the group's first recording session and showing their successful performance in Boston on December 31, 1936. J. Russel Robinson compared the band's style to modern swing, which reporter Abel Green encapsulated: "Swing

2117-404: The Original Dixieland Jazz Band. Edwards, Shields, and Sbarbaro had one more recording date with Victor on February 18, 1938; they were augmented by New York-area sidemen and vocalist Lola Bard. They recorded six songs for Victor's Bluebird label, and the records were credited to the "Original Dixieland Jazz Band with Shields, Edwards and Sbarbaro; vocal refrain by Lola Bard." The Edwards band toured

2190-597: The Original Dixieland band. In 1917, he became one of the first blacks to join ASCAP . In 1918, Sweatman landed with major label Columbia Records , where he would enjoy a meteoric rise with a wide variety of songs under his own name. His band also delivered several shorter anonymous performances for the label's "Little Wonder" line of 90-second-long budget releases. The Sweatman band's first release, "Regretful Blues"/"Everybody's Crazy" would ship 140,000 copies, at

2263-603: The Originators of Jazz because they were the first band to record the new genre of music dubbed jass or jazz. The band's April 7, 1919 appearance in the revue Joy Bells at the London Hippodrome was the first official live jazz performance by any band in the United Kingdom and was followed by a command performance for King George V at Buckingham Palace . The concert did not start auspiciously, with

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2336-484: The assembled aristocracy, which included French Marshal Philippe Pétain , peering through opera glasses at the band "as though there were bugs on us", according to LaRocca. The audience loosened up, however, after the king laughed and loudly applauded their rendition of "The Tiger Rag". The British tour ended with the band being chased to the Southampton docks by Lord Harrington , who was infuriated that his daughter

2409-535: The audiences for dance-band music, listened to the latest swing records and decided that the ODJB could appeal to those listeners as well. He assembled a 14-piece swing band featuring four members of the ODJB: himself, Larry Shields, J. Russel Robinson, and Tony Sbarbaro. "Nick LaRocca and The Original Dixieland Band" recorded nine sides for Victor in September 1936. Trade columnists welcomed these new big-band versions of

2482-597: The authorship of "Livery Stable Blues" resulted in the judge declaring the tune in the "public domain". In the wake of the group's success of the Victor record, the ODJB returned to Columbia in May, recording two selections of popular tunes of the day chosen for them by the label (possibly hoping to avoid the copyright problems which arose after Victor recorded two of the band's supposedly original compositions) " Darktown Strutters' Ball " and " (Back Home Again in) Indiana " as catalogue #A-2297. Numerous jazz bands were formed in

2555-528: The book, The Story of the Original Dixieland Jazz Band , was published. Writer H. O. Brunn based it on Nick LaRocca's recollections, which sometimes differ from that of other sources. Of the veteran quintet, only Tony Sbarbaro lived to witness RCA Victor's commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the Original Dixieland Jazz Band. Larry Shields died in 1953, Nick LaRocca in 1961, Eddie Edwards and J. Russel Robinson in 1963, and Tony Sbarbaro in 1969. Back in New Orleans, LaRocca licensed bandleader Phil Zito to use

2628-622: The cover. When the New Orleans Jazz style swept New York by storm in 1917 with the arrival of the Original Dixieland Jazz Band, Jimmy Durante was part of the audience at Reisenweber's Cafe on Columbus Circle when ODJB played that venue. Durante was very impressed with the band and invited them to play at a club called the Alamo in Harlem where Jimmy played piano. Durante had his friend, Johnny Stein (the previous drummer and leader of

2701-423: The entire ensemble, including band leader Nick La Rocca. The Original Dixieland Jazz Band recording of "Tiger Rag" was no. 1 for two weeks on the U.S. Hit Parade charts beginning on December 11, 1918. The Mills Brothers recorded "Tiger Rag" in 1931 with lyrics and spent four weeks at no. 1 on the charts in 1931–1932 with their version of the ODJB song. The Eddie Edwards composition "Sensation Rag" (aka "Sensation")

2774-399: The first issued jazz record. The band's recordings, first marketed as a novelty, were a surprise hit, and gave many Americans their first taste of jazz. Musician Joe Jordan sued, since the "One Step" incorporated portions of his 1909 ragtime composition "That Teasin' Rag". The record labels subsequently were changed to "Introducing 'That Teasin' Rag' by Joe Jordan". A court case dispute over

2847-761: The first recorded version of Scott Joplin 's " Maple Leaf Rag "; no copies are known. In 1908 Sweatman moved to Chicago, playing around the city in places like the Pekin Inn and the Monogram Theater before becoming the bandleader at the Grand Theater, and began to attract notice; a 1910 article referred to his nickname, "Sensational Swet." As well as performing, Sweatman wrote and arranged music for his band. In addition, he worked with Dave Peyton and William Henry "Billy" Dorsey to arrange and transcribe music for other performers. By 1911, he had moved to

2920-464: The following year, while enjoying continued popularity in New York. Trombonist Edwards was drafted for World War I in 1918 and replaced by Emile Christian , and pianist Henry Ragas died of influenza in the 1918 flu pandemic the following year and he was replaced by pianist and composer J. Russel Robinson . Robinson's compositions for the band recorded and released in 1920, include the classic "Margie" and "Palesteena (Lena from Palesteena)", were among

2993-409: The fully loaded trap set , wood blocks , cowbells , gongs , and Chinese gourds . This musical innovation represented one of the first experimental exercises in jazz. At the time, their music was liberating; the barnyard sounds were experiments in altering the tonal qualities of the instruments, and clattering wood blocks broke up the rhythm. The music was very lively when compared to the pop music of

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3066-523: The group), assemble a group of like-minded New Orleans musicians to accompany his act at the Alamo. Stein did so, with a band consisting of fellow veterans of the Laine bands in New Orleans, other than pianist Durante. In late 1918 they recorded two sides for Okeh under the name of the New Orleans Jazz Band. They recorded the same two numbers a couple of months later for Gennett under the name of Original New Orleans Jazz Band , and in 1920

3139-470: The growing popularity of syncopated big bands such as Columbia's own Ted Lewis . Sweatman continued to ply his somewhat dated style in live appearances throughout the Northeast. Several notable musicians passed through his band, including Duke Ellington , Coleman Hawkins and Cozy Cole . Sweatman also continued to record for such labels as Gennett , Edison, Grey Gull and Victor. He frequently played at

3212-547: The importance of ODJB: Only four years before I learned to play the trumpet in the Waif's Home, or in 1909, the first great jazz orchestra was formed in New Orleans by a cornet player named Dominick James LaRocca. They called him 'Nick' LaRocca. His orchestra had only five pieces but they were the hottest five pieces that had ever been known before. LaRocca named this band 'The Old Dixieland Jass Band'. He had an instrumentation different from anything before, an instrumentation that made

3285-453: The lead role as Jack Burkshaw. Written by Alexander Thomas, it also featured Evelyn Greeley and Kate Lester and was produced by William Brady. Nick LaRocca, Larry Shields, Tony Sbarbaro, and Henry Ragas appeared in the film as a band, with LaRocca on cornet, Shields on clarinet, Ragas on piano, and Sbarbaro on drums. The film was released on December 10, 1917, produced by Peerless Productions, and distributed by World Pictures. Nick LaRocca and

3358-408: The most popular and best-selling hits of 1920. "Aggravatin' Papa" was composed with lyricist Roy Turk and Addie Britt and was recorded by Alberta Hunter in 1923 with Fletcher Henderson's Dance Orchestra and also by Bessie Smith, Sophie Tucker , Florence Mills , Lucille Hegamin , and Pearl Bailey . Robinson also collaborated with Roy Turk on the compositions "Sweet Man O' Mine" and "A-Wearin' Away

3431-592: The name, The Dixie Jass Band. LaRocca and Nunez had personality conflicts, and on October 30 Tom Brown's Band and ODJB agreed to swap clarinetists, bringing Larry Shields into the Original Dixieland Jass Band. The band attracted the attention of theatrical agent Max Hart, who booked the band in New York City. At the start of 1917 the band began an engagement playing for dancing at Reisenweber's Cafe , on Columbus Circle , in Manhattan. While

3504-425: The old hits, with the technological advance of electrical recording (with microphones) yielding a tremendous improvement in fidelity over the old acoustic recordings. Clarinetist Larry Shields received particularly positive attention: "It is here that one of the all too few opportunities to hear and judge Shields by himself is found," wrote The Record Changer . "It is Larry Shields who packs the punch, much as he did in

3577-503: The old songs sound new. Besides himself at the cornet, LaRocca had Larry Shields, clarinet, Eddie Edwards, trombone, Ragas, piano, and Sbarbaro, drums. They all came to be famous players and the Dixieland Band has gone down now in musical history. In 1917, the band made the first appearance of a jazz band in a motion picture, a silent movie entitled, The Good for Nothing (1917), directed by Carlyle Blackwell , who also played

3650-425: The papers went into storage during a legal battle between Sweatman's heirs and their current location is unknown, or even whether they still exist. In December 1916, Sweatman recorded for minor label Emerson Records , including his own "Down Home Rag". Some historians consider these recordings among the earliest examples of jazz on record. Taking note of the commercial success of the Original Dixieland Jass Band and

3723-583: The quintet to form a new swing band featuring the ODJB members. The full quintet reunited in 1936 to great acclaim, and finally disbanded in 1938. In early 1916, a promoter from Chicago approached clarinetist Alcide Nunez and drummer Johnny Stein about bringing a New Orleans-style band to Chicago, where the similar Brown's Band From Dixieland, led by trombonist Tom Brown , was enjoying success. They then assembled trombonist Eddie Edwards , pianist Henry Ragas , and cornetist Frank Christian . Shortly before they were to leave, Christian backed out, and Nick LaRocca

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3796-574: The regular, smaller band." Eddie Edwards, the only ODJB member absent from the first big-band session on September 2, showed up at the studio toward the end of the second big-band session on September 25. The original quintet ran through "Skeleton Jangle" without the big band. The take went so well that Victor invited the quintet back into the studio to record five more songs on November 10, 1936. Victor credited these records to "The Original Dixieland Five" to avoid confusion with Victor's "Original Dixieland Band" records then in circulation. Benny Goodman (who

3869-569: The reunited Original Dixieland Jass Band performed "Tiger Rag" in The March of Time newsreel segment titled "Birth of Swing," released to U.S. theaters on February 19, 1937. The band's 1917 composition "Tiger Rag" became one of the most popular and ubiquitous of jazz standards. There were 136 cover versions of ODJB's copyright jazz standard and classic "Tiger Rag" by 1942. It has been standard ever since. Their first release, " Livery Stable Blues ", featured instruments doing barnyard imitations and

3942-485: The same group recorded again for Gennett as Jimmy Durante's Jazz Band. They later billed themselves as "Durante's Jazz and Novelty Band". Both LaRocca and Sbarbaro were children of immigrants from the Italian region of Sicily . The Sicilian capital of Palermo had long held cotton and citrus fruit trade with New Orleans. This resulted in the establishment of a direct shipping line between the two port cities which enabled

4015-429: The song in 1938 with a Sy Oliver arrangement that featured Trummy Young . Other New Orleans musicians, including Nunez, Tom Brown, and Frank Christian, followed ODJB's example and went to New York to play jazz as well, giving the band competition. LaRocca decided to take the band to London, where they would once again enjoy being the only authentic New Orleans jazz band in the metropolis, and again present themselves as

4088-617: The southern United States in the spring of 1938. Meanwhile the other two members, LaRocca and Robinson, had "their own combo in New York." Most of the ODJB veterans continued to work after Nick La Rocca retired completely from the musical scene. In November 1943 Tony Sbarbaro, claiming ownership of the ODJB name, brought back Eddie Edwards (and went after Larry Shields) to appear with the Original Dixieland Jazz Band in Sol Hurok 's stage production Tropical Review in Forrest, New York. In 1944,

4161-655: The stint with Murray, the band's radio and stage appearances were now being arranged by veteran band booker and manager Ed Kirkeby . The band opened Billy Rose 's opulent Frontier Fiesta club in Fort Worth, Texas in July 1937. They played throughout the summer at the Dallas-Fort Worth Exposition, and returned to New York on October 1 for a booking at the Old New York nightclub. Toward the end of

4234-433: The time. Many of the tunes first composed and recorded by the Original Dixieland Jass Band, such as "Tiger Rag" and "Margie", were recorded by many of the major jazz bands and orchestras of the twentieth century, black and white. "Tiger Rag" was recorded by many artists, from Louis Armstrong to Duke Ellington to Glenn Miller to Benny Goodman. "Tiger Rag", in particular, became popular with many colleges and universities having

4307-491: The title of "Father of White Jazz" by the New Orleans Jazz Club. Laine hired well over 100 musicians to play in his bands, including the following: Wilbur Sweatman Wilbur Coleman Sweatman (February 7, 1882 – March 9, 1961) was an American ragtime and dixieland jazz composer, bandleader and clarinetist . Sweatman was one of the first African-American musicians to have fans nationwide. He

4380-447: The tour, there were disagreements about LaRocca's leadership; Harry Barth had left angrily on August 7 when he asked LaRocca for a raise and was refused. LaRocca and Edwards also argued back and forth. On January 17, 1938, LaRocca served notice on both the band members and the musicians' union in New York that the ODJB would be disbanding. The band officially broke up on February 1, 1938. In the immediate aftermath, two factions competed as

4453-492: The wake of the success of ODJB that copied and replicated its style and sound. Also bands were brought from Chicago and California (such as the Frisco Jass Band) in an attempts to join the jazz craze. Established bands of different types and bandleaders such as Wilbur Sweatman began billing their groups as "jass" or "jazz" bands. Earl Fuller , bandleader at a competing New York venue, was ordered by management to form

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4526-629: The well known Harlem club Connie's Inn . He continued playing in New York through the 1940s and early 1950s, but increasingly concentrated his efforts on the music publishing business and talent booking. His earlier compositions provided Sweatman with a steady income. In 1937 alone, ASCAP reported that "Down Home Rag" had been played on the radio over 2000 times, Sweatman receiving royalties for each play. Wilbur Sweatman died in New York City on March 9, 1961. His daughter Barbara initially inherited his estate, consisting mostly of his publishing business and some personal papers. The estate, which also included

4599-571: The years from the Spanish–American War to World War I . He was often credited for training many musicians who would later become successful in jazz music . Laine's Reliance Brass Band was the first to fuse European, African, and Latin music. The earliest jazz musicians can be traced back to playing in the Reliance Brass Band or being influenced by those who had. Many of the New Orleans musicians who first spread jazz around

4672-653: The youngest orchestra leader in America by fronting the Forepaugh and Sells Circus band. Sweatman briefly played with the bands of W.C. Handy and Mahara's Minstrels before organizing his own dance band in Minneapolis by late 1902. It was there that Sweatman made his first recordings on phonograph cylinders in 1903 for the Metropolitan Music Store. These included what is reputed to have been

4745-819: Was a medley of popular airs and "rags" and had everybody shuffling their pedal extremities before it was half over. He wrote a number of rags, "Down Home Rag" (1911) being the most commercially successful. The song was recorded by multiple bands in America and Europe. Sweatman moved to New York in 1913, touring widely. He was one of the few black solo acts to appear regularly on the major white vaudeville circuits. Around this time he became close friends with Scott Joplin ; Joplin's will would name Sweatman as executor of his estate. Joplin's musical papers, including unpublished manuscripts, were willed to Sweatman, who took care of them while generously sharing access to those who inquired. However, as Joplin's music came to be considered passé, such requests were few. After Sweatman's death in 1961,

4818-513: Was a no. 9 hit for ODJB in 1921 with J. Russel Robinson on piano. Eddie Cantor had the biggest hit version of the ODJB classic, spending five weeks at no. 1 in 1921. The song also was featured in the movie The Eddie Cantor Story and was the theme of the television series of the same name in 1961–1962. Cantor also recorded ODJB's "Palesteena (Lena from Palesteena)". Gene Rodemich and His Orchestra reached no. 7 with their version in 1920. Ted Lewis and His Band reached no. 4 in 1921. Frank Crumit had

4891-496: Was also a trailblazer in the racial integration of musical groups. Sweatman was born February 7, 1882, in Brunswick, Missouri , to parents Matilda and Coleman Sweatman. Wilbur's father ran a barbershop in the riverside town to provide for his family, which also included daughters Eva and Lula. His mother was apparently of mixed racial background as she and the children were listed as mulatto on some census reports. While Wilbur

4964-590: Was being romanced by the lead singer of the band. In London, they made twenty more recordings for the British branch of Columbia. While in London, they recorded the second, more commercially successful, version of their hit song "Soudan" (also known as "Oriental Jass"). The band returned to the United States in July 1920 and toured for four years. This version of the band played in a more commercial style, adding

5037-408: Was hired as a last-minute replacement. On March 3, 1916 the musicians began their job at Schiller's Cafe in Chicago under the name Stein's Dixie Jass Band. The band was a hit and received offers of higher pay elsewhere. Since Stein as leader was the only musician under contract by name, the rest of the band broke off, sent to New Orleans for drummer Tony Sbarbaro , and on June 5, started playing under

5110-418: Was performed at the 1938 landmark Benny Goodman jazz concert at Carnegie Hall released on the album The Famous 1938 Carnegie Hall Jazz Concert . Compared to later jazz, the ODJB recordings have only modest improvisation in mostly ensemble tunes. Clarinetist Larry Shields is perhaps the most interesting player, showing a good fluid tone, and if his melodic variations and breaks now seem overly familiar, this

5183-512: Was present at the quintet's Victor recording session) named Shields as an important early influence, and invited the band to appear on his network radio show, where the ODJB was a sensation. The band was booked into New York's famous Paramount theater in April 1937, one month after Goodman's spectacular showing at the Paramount. Victor even coupled the new Goodman recording of "St. Louis Blues" with

5256-533: Was still a toddler his father abandoned the family, moving to St. Joseph, Missouri , and starting a new family. His mother persevered, continuing to operate the barbershop as well as taking in boarders. Wilbur received his education at the segregated Elliott School in Brunswick and helped out around the barbershop after school. His older sister Eva was responsible for much of Wilbur Sweatman's early music training, teaching him to play piano. Later Sweatman would become

5329-451: Was then considered old-fashioned. As Abel Green of Variety put it: "[Paul] Whiteman with his symphonic syncopation came along and made America and the world conscious of his arranged sweet foxtrotology. Then the Dixieland Band folded for good." The band members scattered. Leader/trumpeter Nick LaRocca returned to his construction business in New Orleans. Clarinetist Larry Shields moved to Chicago, then to New Orleans where he worked for

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