Misplaced Pages

#529470

78-689: Oriental Adventures (abbreviated OA ) is the title shared by two hardback rulebooks published for different versions of the Dungeons & Dragons ( D&D ) fantasy roleplaying game . Each version of Oriental Adventures provides rules for adapting its respective version of D&D for use in campaign settings based on the Far East , rather than the medieval European setting assumed by most D&D books. Both versions of Oriental Adventures include example campaign settings. The original Oriental Adventures ( ISBN   0-88038-099-3 )

156-538: A karate-ka ( 空手家 ) . Beginning in the 1300s, early Chinese martial artists brought their techniques to Okinawa. Despite the Ryukyu Kingdom being turned into a puppet state by Japanese samurai in 1609, after the Invasion of Ryukyu , its cultural ties to China remained strong. Since Okinawans were banned from carrying swords under samurai rule, groups of young aristocrats created unarmed combat methods as

234-406: A mass market paperback edition typeset in a more compact size and printed on thinner, less hardy paper. This is intended to, in part, prolong the life of the immediate buying boom that occurs for some best sellers: After the attention to the book has subsided, a lower-cost version in the paperback, is released to sell further copies. In the past the release of a paperback edition was one year after

312-484: A paperback reprint of the first edition was released. Oriental Adventures contains rules for ten character classes and three races to be used in place of standard AD&D classes and races. The book presents new versions of the barbarian (here a warrior of the steppes, or a dweller of the forest or jungle) and monk , as well as new classes such as the ninja, kensai, wu-jen , and shukenja. Kensai are weapons masters who "seek to perfect their weapons technique to

390-547: A "jacketless" alternative has increased in popularity: these "paper-over-board" or "jacketless" hardcover bindings forgo the dust jacket in favor of printing the cover design directly onto the board binding. If brisk sales are anticipated, a hardcover edition of a book is typically released first, followed by a "trade" paperback edition (same format as hardcover) the next year. Some publishers publish paperback originals if slow hardback sales are anticipated. For very popular books these sales cycles may be extended, and followed by

468-489: A Chinese-derived martial art called tōde (Okinawan: tōdī , lit.   ' Tang hand ' ) emerged. According to Gichin Funakoshi, a distinction between Okinawan-te and tōde existed in the late 19th century. With the emergence of tōde , it is thought that te also came to be called Okinawa-te (Okinawan: Uchinādī , lit.   ' Okinawa hand ' ). However, this distinction gradually became blurred with

546-676: A character's immediate family and ancestors, determines family honor and status, and also provides characters with their birthrights. Also included are detailed rules for karate and other martial arts styles, which enable a Dungeon Master to create new styles of martial arts and techniques using a range of available options. All characters may study martial arts, provided they can find masters to teach them; monks and shukenja start their adventuring lives with some martial arts training. Each character class also has its own unique ki powers, which become more effective as characters advance through each level. The original Oriental Adventures includes

624-522: A cover identity; a ninja must be careful to keep his identity secret, as loss of honor (and sudden death) may occur if the PC is unmasked. The other classes introduced in the book are the sohei , the bushi (peasant warriors), the samurai , and the yakuza. The three new character races are the korobokuru (roughly equivalent to dwarves , without their tempers and greediness), the hengeyokai (intelligent animal beings that are able to shape-change into human form), and

702-426: A form of resistance, combining Chinese and local styles of martial arts. Training emphasized self-discipline. This blend of martial arts became known as kara-te 唐手 , which translates to "Chinese hand." Initially, there were no uniforms, colored belts, ranking systems, or standardized styles. Many elements essential to modern karate were actually incorporated a century ago. The Ryukyu Kingdom had been conquered by

780-642: A lengthy section of background information for the fantasy setting known as Kara-Tur . Kara-Tur was later made a continent of Abeir-Toril . TSR went on to produce eight adventure modules using the Oriental Adventures rules and the Kara-Tur setting. Gary Gygax intended to incorporate the material from Oriental Adventures into revised versions of the Players Handbook and Dungeon Masters Guide , but left TSR shortly after announcing

858-693: A magazine reported a story about Motobu defeating a foreign boxer in Kyoto, karate rapidly became well known throughout Japan. In this era of escalating Japanese militarism , the name was changed from 唐手 ("Chinese hand" or " Tang hand") to 空手 ("empty hand") – both of which are pronounced karate in Japanese – to indicate that the Japanese wished to develop the combat form in Japanese style. After World War II, Okinawa became (1945) an important United States military site and karate became popular among servicemen stationed there. The martial arts movies of

SECTION 10

#1732772000530

936-472: A military officer on a mission from Qing that visited Ryukyu in 1756, and some believe that karate originated with Kōshōkun. In addition, the will (Part I: 1778, Part II: 1783) of Ryukyuan samurai Aka Pēchin Chokushki (1721–1784) mentions the name of a martial art called karamutō ( からむとう ), along with Japanese Jigen-ryū swordsmanship and jujutsu , indicating that Ryukyuan samurai practiced these arts in

1014-490: A significant number of references from one section of the book to another and everything is very linked." However, Foussat admitted that the book excited him and he had his Japanese weapons ready for play. In his 1990 book The Complete Guide to Role-Playing Games , game critic Rick Swan admitted that the game was heavily derivative of AD&D but noted that this publication has "a unique design approach that skillfully integrates game mechanics with background material. It's

1092-473: A very brief time near the end of his life, An'ichi Miyagi (a teacher claimed by Morio Higaonna ). In addition to the three early te styles of karate a fourth Okinawan influence is that of Uechi Kanbun (1877–1948). At the age of 20 he went to Fuzhou in Fujian Province, China, to escape Japanese military conscription. While there he studied under Shū Shiwa (Chinese: Zhou Zihe 周子和 1874–1926). He

1170-445: A vivid setting and a fascinating set of rules." Swan enjoyed the character generation process, commenting, "The resulting characters are richly textured, clearly motivated, and a lot of fun to play." Hower, Swan warned that " Oriental Adventures is not for beginners ... a familiarity with AD&D is presumed, and a general understanding of Oriental culture and traditions is helpful." Swan also noted that this product, published in 1985,

1248-584: Is Motobu Udundī ( lit.   ' Motobu Palace Hand ' ), which has been handed down to this day in the Motobu family, one of the branches of the former Ryukyu royal family. In the 16th century, the Ryukyuan history book " Kyūyō " ( 球陽 , established around 1745) mentions that Kyō Ahagon Jikki , a favored retainer of King Shō Shin, used a martial art called "karate" ( 空手 , lit.   ' empty hand ' ) to smash both legs of an assassin. This karate

1326-457: Is a martial art developed in the Ryukyu Kingdom . It developed from the indigenous Ryukyuan martial arts (called te ( 手 ) , "hand"; tī in Okinawan) under the influence of Chinese martial arts . While modern karate is primarily a striking art that uses punches and kicks, traditional karate training also employs throwing and joint locking techniques. A karate practitioner is called

1404-642: Is by Raven Mimura , with interior art by: Matt Cavotta , Larry Dixon , Cris Dornaus , David Martin , Raven Mimura, Wayne Reynolds , Darrell Riche , Richard Sardinha , Brian Snoddy , and Arnie Swekel . When WotC published a revision of the 3rd edition D&D rules known as v3.5 in 2004, an official (but not 100% comprehensive) update of Oriental Adventures was published in Dragon #318 (April 2004), pp. 32–48. The book includes: seven playable new races, including nezumi , vanara , and three different types of spirit folk ; five new base classes, including

1482-565: Is considered to be not only about fighting techniques, but also about spiritual cultivation. Many karate schools and dōjōs have established rules called dōjō kun , which emphasize the perfection of character, the importance of effort, and respect for courtesy. Karate featured at the 2020 Summer Olympics after its inclusion at the Games was supported by the International Olympic Committee . Web Japan (sponsored by

1560-457: Is prohibited. (2) The possession of weapons owned privately by princes, three magistrates, and samurai is permitted. (3) Weapons must be repaired in Satsuma through the magistrate's office of Satsuma. (4) Swords must be reported to the magistrate's office of Satsuma for approval." It did not prohibit the possession of weapons (except guns) or even their practice. In fact, even after subjugation to

1638-560: Is said that in 1392 a group of professional people known as the " Thirty-six families from Min " migrated to Kume Village (now Kume, Naha City) in Naha from Fujian Province in the Ming Dynasty at that time. They brought with them advanced learning and skills to Ryukyu, and there is a theory that Chinese kenpō, the origin of karate, was also brought to Ryukyu at this time. There is also the " Keichō import theory," which states that karate

SECTION 20

#1732772000530

1716-473: Is said to have been marked by his kicking foot. It is known that in "Ōshima Writing" (1762), written by Yoshihiro Tobe, a Confucian scholar of the Tosa Domain , who interviewed Ryukyuan samurai who had drifted to Tosa (present-day Kōchi Prefecture ), there is a description of a martial art called kumiai-jutsu ( 組合術 ) performed by Kōshōkun (Okinawan:Kūsankū). It is believed that Kōshōkun may have been

1794-490: Is sometimes referred to as "the Grandfather of Modern Karate." In 1881, Higaonna Kanryō returned from China after years of instruction with Ryu Ryu Ko and founded what would become Naha-te . One of his students was the founder of Gojū-ryū , Chōjun Miyagi . Chōjun Miyagi taught such well-known karateka as Seko Higa (who also trained with Higaonna), Meitoku Yagi , Miyazato Ei'ichi , and Seikichi Toguchi , and for

1872-449: Is thought to refer to te , not today's karate, and Ankō Asato introduces Kyō Ahagon as a "prominent martial artist." However, some believe that Kyō Ahagon's anecdote is a half-legend and that it is unclear whether he was actually a te master. In the 18th century, the names of Nishinda Uēkata , Gushikawa Uēkata , and Chōken Makabe are known as masters of te . Nishinda Uēkata and Gushikawa Uēkata were martial artists active during

1950-548: Is unknown if they taught karate to the Japanese in Tokyo, although there are records that Kyan taught his son karate. In 1908, students from the Okinawa Prefectural Middle School gave a karate demonstration at Butokuden in Kyoto, which was also witnessed by Kanō Jigorō (founder of judo). In May 1922, Gichin Funakoshi (founder of Shotokan ) presented pictures of karate on two hanging scrolls at

2028-412: Is used in many martial arts that survived Japan's transition from feudal culture to modern times . It implies that these arts are not just fighting systems but contain spiritual elements when promoted as disciplines. In this context dō is usually translated as "the way of …". Examples include aikido , judo, kyūdō and kendo . Thus karatedō is more than just empty hand techniques. It is "the way of

2106-634: The Pin'an forms (" Heian " in Japanese) which are simplified kata for beginning students. In 1905, Itosu helped to get karate introduced into Okinawa's public schools. These forms were taught to children at the elementary school level. Itosu's influence in karate is broad. The forms he created are common across nearly all styles of karate. His students became some of the most well-known karate masters, including Motobu Chōyū , Motobu Chōki , Yabu Kentsū , Hanashiro Chōmo , Gichin Funakoshi and Kenwa Mabuni . Itosu

2184-665: The Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs ) claims that karate has 50 million practitioners worldwide, while the World Karate Federation claims there are 100 million practitioners around the world. Originally in Okinawa during the Ryukyu Kingdom period, there existed an indigenous Ryukyuan martial art called te (Okinawan: tī , lit.   ' hand ' ). Furthermore, in the 19th century,

2262-475: The Oriental Adventures as #6 on the list of "Top 10 'Orange Spine' AD&D Hardcovers By Jeff Easley, saying "I'm guessing that if there is one book on this list a lot of folks don't own, it is this one, but that doesn’t mean this kind of epic 'in the clouds' duel between a samurai and a ninja isn't worth every penny!" In his 2023 book Monsters, Aliens, and Holes in the Ground , RPG historian Stu Horvath noted

2340-490: The Taishō era (1912–1926), karate was introduced to mainland Japan by Gichin Funakoshi and Motobu Chōki . The ultranationalistic sentiment of the 1930s affected every aspect of Japanese culture. To make the imported martial art more relatable, Funakoshi incorporated elements from judo , such as the training uniforms, colored belts, and ranking systems. Karate's popularity was initially sluggish with little exposition but when

2418-779: The logogram pronounced kara by replacing the Chinese character meaning "Tang dynasty" with the character meaning "empty" took place in Karate Kumite ( 空手組手 ) written in August 1905 by Chōmo Hanashiro (1869–1945). In mainland Japan, karate ( 空手 , empty hand) gradually began to be used from the writings of Gichin Funakoshi and Motobu Chōki in the 1920s. In 1929 the Karate Study Group of Keio University (Instructor Gichin Funakoshi) used this term in reference to

Oriental Adventures - Misplaced Pages Continue

2496-492: The samurai , sohei , and shugenja; 17 new prestige classes; over one hundred new spells; and seventy-five new monsters, over a dozen of which (including five types of Naga) were given level adjustments for adapting them into playable races. The featured campaign setting of this edition is Rokugan , a campaign setting originally created for the game Legend of the Five Rings . The reviewer from Pyramid noted that while

2574-664: The 18th century. In 1609, the Japanese Satsuma Domain invaded Ryukyu and Ryukyu became its vassal state, but it continued to pay tribute to the Ming and Qing Dynasties in China. At the time, China had implemented a policy of sea ban and only traded with tributary countries, so the Satsuma Domain wanted Ryukyu to continue its tribute to benefit from it. The envoys of the tribute mission were chosen from among

2652-414: The 1960s and 1970s served to greatly increase the popularity of martial arts around the world, and English-speakers began to use the word karate in a generic way to refer to all striking-based Asian martial arts . Karate schools ( dōjōs ) began appearing around the world, catering to those with casual interest as well as those seeking a deeper study of the art. Karate, like other Japanese martial arts,

2730-405: The 2nd edition AD&D rules. The book includes an honor system, in which honor points are lost when a character behaves poorly or damages the family name; the player must eventually stop playing that character, if such behavior continues. The personal honor of a character affects the honor of the character's family. The character's family background is also determined by a system which generates

2808-496: The Japanese Satsuma Domain and had become its vassal state since 1609, but was formally annexed to the Empire of Japan in 1879 as Okinawa Prefecture . The Ryukyuan samurai ( Okinawan : samurē ) who had been the bearers of karate lost their privileged position, and with it, karate was in danger of losing transmission. However, karate gradually regained popularity after 1905, when it began to be taught in schools in Okinawa. During

2886-416: The Satsuma Domain in 1609. Through the two policies, the popular belief that Ryukyuan samurai, who were deprived of their weapons, developed karate to compete with Satsuma's samurai has traditionally been referred to as if it were a historical fact. But in recent years many researchers have questioned the causal relationship between the policy of banning weapons and the development of karate. For example, as

2964-495: The Satsuma Domain, a number of Ryukyuan masters of swordsmanship, spearmanship, archery, and other arts are known. Therefore, some researchers criticize the theory that karate developed due to the policy of banning weapons as "a rumor on the street with no basis at all." Karate began as a common fighting system known as te (Okinawan: tī ) among the Ryukyuan samurai class. There were few formal styles of te, but rather many practitioners with their own methods. One surviving example

3042-836: The Seven Swords , Ochimo: The Spirit Warrior , Blood of the Yakuza , and Mad Monkey vs. the Dragon Claw ) were released for first edition AD&D. The sixth module ( Ronin Challenge ) was released for the second edition, as was the seventh module ( Test of the Samurai ) which did not have the Oriental Adventures logo. The last three of these modules also had the Forgotten Realms logo. The Kara-Tur: The Eastern Realms boxed set, also for Forgotten Realms,

3120-458: The back of the jacket. Many modern bestselling hardcover books use a partial cloth cover, with a cloth-covered board on the spine only, and only boards covering the rest of the book. Karate This is an accepted version of this page Karate ( 空手 ) ( / k ə ˈ r ɑː t i / ; Japanese pronunciation: [kaɾate] ; Okinawan pronunciation: [kaɽati] ), also karate-do ( 空手道 , Karate-dō ) ,

3198-426: The basis for King Shō Shin's policy of banning weapons, an inscription on the parapet of the main hall of Shuri Castle ( 百浦添欄干之銘 , 1509), which states that "swords, bows and arrows are to be piled up exclusively as weapons of national defense," has been conventionally interpreted as meaning "weapons were collected and sealed in a warehouse." However, in recent years, researchers of Okinawan studies have pointed out that

Oriental Adventures - Misplaced Pages Continue

3276-419: The boards, and it too is covered by the cloth. A paper wrapper, or dust jacket, is usually put over the binding, folding over each horizontal end of the boards. Dust jackets serve to protect the underlying cover from wear. On the folded part, or flap, over the front cover is generally a blurb , or a summary of the book. The back flap is where the biography of the author can be found. Reviews are often placed on

3354-466: The book seemed to be influenced "as much by lurid pulp stereotypes, Yellow Peril propaganda, and the lingering specter of European imperialism ... It's a kind of monolithic mush of fantasy 'Asianness' that verges on parody." TSR released several products with the Oriental Adventures logo. This includes a series of modules numbered OA1 to OA7, the first five of which ( Swords of the Daimyo , Night of

3432-459: The concept of emptiness in the Heart Sutra , and this terminology was later popularized, especially in Tokyo. There is also a theory that the background for this name change was the worsening of Japan-China relations at the time. On 25 October 1936 a roundtable meeting of karate masters was held in Naha, Okinawa Prefecture, and it was officially resolved to use the name karate (empty hand) in

3510-496: The correct interpretation is that "swords, bows and arrows were collected and used as weapons of the state." It is also known that the policy of banning weapons (a 1613 notice to the Ryukyu royal government), which is said to have been implemented by the Satsuma Domain, only prohibited the carrying of swords and other weapons, but not their possession, and was a relatively lax regulation. This notice stated, "(1) The possession of guns

3588-570: The cultural and social background of the Orient." Costello concluded " Oriental Adventures can really stand on its own, with specialized game rules." In Issue 30 of the French games magazine Casus Belli , André Foussat warned "Playing AD&D in this new environment will require a major effort from the JDM (Japanese Dungeon Master) to integrate the entire rulebook (140 rather dense pages). There are

3666-416: The decline of Okinawa-te . Around 1905, when karate began to be taught in public schools in Okinawa, tōde was read kun’yomi and called karate ( 唐手 , lit.   ' Tang hand ' ) in the Japanese style. Both tōde and karate are written in the same Chinese characters meaning "Tang/China hand," but the former is on'yomi (Chinese reading) and the latter is kun'yomi (Japanese reading). Since

3744-410: The development of unarmed combat techniques in Ryukyu has conventionally been attributed to a policy of banning weapons, which is said to have been implemented on two occasions. The first was during the reign of King Shō Shin (1476–1526; r. 1477–1527), when weapons were collected from all over the country and strictly controlled by the royal government. The second time was after the invasion of Ryukyu by

3822-449: The distinction between Okinawa-te and tōde was already blurred at that time, karate was used to encompass both. "Kara (から)" is a kun’yomi for the character "唐" (tō/とう in on'yomi ) which is derived from " Gaya Confederacy (加羅)" and later included things deriving from China (specifically from the Tang dynasty ). Therefore, tōde and karate (Tang hand) differ in the scope of meaning of

3900-420: The early modern era, when China was highly revered, many martial artists traveled to China to practice Chinese kenpo, and added it to the ancient kenpo, the so-called 'Okinawa-te'. After further study, they discarded the disadvantages of both, adopted their advantages, and added more subtlety, and karate was born." Early styles of karate are often generalized as Shuri-te , Naha-te , and Tomari-te , named after

3978-508: The empty hand". Since the 1980s the term karate ( カラテ ) has been written in katakana instead of Chinese characters, mainly by Kyokushin Karate (founder: Masutatsu Oyama ). In Japan, katakana is mainly used for foreign words, giving Kyokushin Karate a modern and new impression. There are several theories regarding the origins of karate, but the main ones are as follows. In Okinawa there

SECTION 50

#1732772000530

4056-481: The exclusion of all else. They are deadly in combat, but cannot use magical weaponry because it detracts from the appreciation of their skill". Wu-jen are spellcasters who must strictly follow their personal taboos to avoid losing all of their spell powers. Shukenja are clerics who become punished if they kill enemies too often. A ninja character must take one of the other classes as well as the ninja class. In keeping with their secret nature, ninja use their normal class as

4134-467: The first Physical Education Exhibition in Tokyo. The following June, Funakoshi was invited to the Kodokan to give a karate demonstration in front of Jigoro Kano and other judo experts. This was the beginning of the full-scale introduction of karate in Tokyo. In November 1922, Motobu Chōki (founder of Motobu-ryū ) participated in a judo versus boxing match in Kyoto, defeating a foreign boxer. The match

4212-755: The first edition book was a 144-page black and white text, the third edition book was 256 pages and full color. The second version of Oriental Adventures won the 2002 Ennie Award for "Best Campaign Setting". Wizards of the Coast did not release a new edition of Oriental Adventures for the 4th edition of D&D , but several Oriental Adventures items appeared in 4th edition rules: Hardback Hardcover books are often printed on acid-free paper , and they are much more durable than paperbacks , which have flexible, easily damaged paper covers. Hardcover books are marginally more costly to manufacture. Hardcovers are frequently protected by artistic dust jackets , but

4290-561: The game, Oriental Adventures was the first official supplement devoted entirely to roleplaying in a non-Western setting. Oriental Adventures also introduced a new game mechanic to Dungeons & Dragons ; it was the first official supplement to include rules for non-weapon proficiencies . Every character is expected to possess proficiencies in the noncombat arts with skills such as calligraphy, etiquette, animal handling, iaijutsu (fast draw), and bowyer . Both non-weapon proficiencies and non-European settings were explored in more detail in

4368-404: The general public are usually printed in hardback only for authors who are expected to be successful, or as a precursor to the paperback to predict sale levels; however, many academic books are often only published in hardcover editions. Hardcovers usually consist of a page block, two boards, and a cloth or heavy paper covering. The pages are sewn together and glued onto a flexible spine between

4446-468: The hardback, but by the early 21st century paperbacks were released six months after the hardback by some publishers. It is very unusual for a book that was first published in paperback to be followed by a hardback. One example is the novel The Judgment of Paris by Gore Vidal , which had its revised edition of 1961 first published in paperback, and later in hardcover. Hardcover books are usually sold at higher prices than comparable paperbacks. Books for

4524-446: The honor system was a good touch, and that the real strength of the new martial arts system was that the gamemaster was now able to construct any number of new styles of combat. Shepherd compared Oriental Adventures to rival role-playing game Bushido , and felt that Oriental Adventures was a better choice as a game system. Shepherd concluded by giving the game an excellent rating of 9 out of 10, saying, "By remaining compatible with

4602-481: The looming threat of a full-scale war between the two countries. In 1933, the Japanese character for karate was altered to a homophone— a word pronounced identically but with a different meaning. Thus, "Chinese hand" was replaced with "empty hand." But this name change did not immediately spread among Okinawan karate practitioners. There were many karate practitioners, such as Chōjun Miyagi , who still used te in everyday conversation until World War II. When karate

4680-534: The project. Oriental Adventures was TSR's biggest seller in 1985. Little, if any, material from Oriental Adventures was incorporated into the AD&;D 2nd Edition core books, and Oriental Adventures itself was never revised for a 2nd Edition. In Issue 74 of White Dwarf , Ashley Shepherd felt that this game was "a completely new version of AD&D ", adding "The old stand-bys of the AD&;D system are still in

4758-421: The reign of King Shō Kei (reigned 1713–1751). Nishinda Uēkata was good at spear as well as te , and Gushikawa Uēkata was also good at wooden sword (swordsmanship). Chōken Makabe was a man of the late 18th century. His light stature and jumping ability gave him the nickname "Makabe Chān-gwā " ( lit.   ' little fighting cock ' ), as he was like a chān (fighting cock). The ceiling of his house

SECTION 60

#1732772000530

4836-488: The reign of King Shō Kei, was a monk who went to the Qing Dynasty to study Chinese martial arts and was reportedly one of the best martial artists of his time in Ryukyu. It is not known when the name tōde ( 唐手 , lit.   ' Tang hand ' ) first came into use in the Ryukyu Kingdom, but according to Ankō Asato, it was popularized from Kanga Sakugawa (1786–1867), who was nicknamed "Tōde Sakugawa." Sakugawa

4914-531: The rest of AD&D , [designer] Dave Cook has written an excellent set of rules which should be very popular. Oriental Adventures has even persuaded me to start playing AD&D again." In the November 1986 edition of Asimov's Science Fiction , Matthew J. Costello noted that although based on AD&D , this product "aspires to more than supplemental status. It contains a tremendous amount of information about bushi , samurai and ninja , not to mention

4992-447: The rules, but the elements have been intelligently modified to produce something that is far greater than the sum of its parts." Shepherd liked the new character classes, noting that the monk was in its proper Eastern context, and that the ninja was the best version Shepherd had seen. Shepherd also liked the new skill system of proficiency slots, and felt these should be extended to all of AD&D , not just this setting. Shepherd felt that

5070-636: The samurai class of Ryukyu, and they went to Fuzhou in Fujian and stayed there for six months to a year and a half. Government-funded and privately funded foreign students were also sent to study in Beijing or Fuzhou for several years. Some of these envoys and students studied Chinese martial arts in China. The styles of Chinese martial arts they studied are not known for certain, but it is assumed that they studied Fujian White Crane and other styles from Fujian Province. Sōryo Tsūshin (monk Tsūshin), active during

5148-495: The sense of kūshu kūken ( 空手空拳 , lit.   ' without anything in the hands or fists ' ). To commemorate this day, the Okinawa Prefectural Assembly passed a resolution in 2005 to decide 25 October as "Karate Day." Another nominal development is the addition of dō ( 道 ; どう ) to the end of the word karate. Dō is a suffix having numerous meanings including road, path, route and way. It

5226-431: The spirit folk (humanoids whose life force is linked to the well-being of a specific location). The book draws on the history of China, Korea, and Japan, and includes information on families, clans, caste, and honor. The original Oriental Adventures introduced two major innovations to the AD&D system. Although previous TSR publications, such as Deities & Demigods , had touched on using non-European settings for

5304-490: The three cities from which they emerged. Each area and its teachers had particular kata, techniques, and principles that distinguished their local version of te from the others. Around the 1820s, Matsumura Sōkon (1809–1899) began teaching Okinawa-te . Matsumura was, according to one theory, a student of Sakugawa. Matsumura's style later became the origin of many Shuri-te schools. Itosu Ankō (1831–1915) studied under Matsumura and Bushi Nagahama of Naha-te . He created

5382-595: The words. Japan sent envoys to the Tang dynasty and introduced much Chinese culture. Gichin Funakoshi proposed that tōde /karate may have been used instead of te , as Tang became a synonym for luxury imported goods. According to Gichin Funakoshi, the word pronounced karate ( から手 ) existed in the Ryukyu Kingdom period, but it is unclear whether it meant Tang hand ( 唐手 ) or empty hand ( 空手 ) . The Chinese origins of karate were increasingly viewed with suspicion due to rising tensions between China and Japan and as well as

5460-528: Was a leading figure of Chinese Nanpa Shorin-ken style at that time. He later developed his own style of Uechi-ryū karate based on the Sanchin , Seisan , and Sanseiryu kata that he had studied in China. When Shō Tai , the last king of the Ryūkyū Kingdom, was ordered to move to Tokyo in 1879, he was accompanied by prominent karate masters such as Ankō Asato and Chōfu Kyan (father of Chōtoku Kyan ). It

5538-466: Was a samurai from Shuri who traveled to Qing China to learn Chinese martial arts. The martial arts he mastered were new and different from te. As tōde was spread by Sakugawa, traditional te became distinguished as Okinawa-te ( 沖縄手 , lit.   ' Okinawa hand ' ), and gradually faded away as it merged with tōde . It is generally believed that today's karate is a result of the synthesis of te ( Okinawa-te ) and tōde . Funakoshi writes, "In

5616-491: Was an ancient martial dance called mēkata ( 舞方 ). The dancers danced to the accompaniment of songs and sanshin music, similar to karate kata. In the Okinawan countryside, mēkata remained until the early 20th century. There is a theory that from this mēkata with martial elements, te (Okinawan: tī , hand) was born and developed into karate. This theory is advocated by Ankō Asato and his student Gichin Funakoshi. It

5694-463: Was based on the first edition of AD&D whereas TSR had published the second edition of AD&D in 1989, "so the referee will have to make a few adjustments when switching between systems." Swan concluded by giving the game an excellent rating of 3.5 out of 4, saying, "For experienced players, Oriental Adventures is a delight. A sophisticated, challenging game, it's the best Eastern-flavored RPG ever published." Scott Taylor of Black Gate listed

5772-545: Was billed as an expansion for Oriental Adventures . Also released for second edition was a volume for the Monstrous Compendium series. In order to make Oriental Adventures compatible with the 3rd edition of D&D published in 2000, a second version of Oriental Adventures ( ISBN   0-7869-2015-7 ) was written by James Wyatt and published by Wizards of the Coast in October 2001. The cover art

5850-466: Was brought to Ryukyu after the invasion of Ryukyu by the Satsuma Domain (Keichō 14, 1609), as well as the theory that it was introduced by Kōshōkun (Okinawan: Kūsankū) based on the description in Ōshima Writing . There are also other theories, such as that it developed from Okinawan sumo ( shima ) or that it originated from jujutsu , which had been introduced from Japan. The reason for

5928-507: Was featured in Japan's largest magazine " King ," which had a circulation of about one million at the time, and karate and Motobu's name became instantly known throughout Japan. In 1922, Funakoshi published the first book on karate, and in 1926 Motobu published the first technical book on kumite. As karate's popularity grew, karate clubs were established one after another in Japanese universities with Funakoshi and Motobu as instructors. In

6006-410: Was first taught in mainland Japan in the 1920s, Gichin Funakoshi and Motobu Chōki used the name karate-jutsu ( 唐手術 , lit.   ' Tang hand art ' ) along with karate. The word jutsu ( 術 ) means art or technique, and in those days it was often used as a suffix to the name of each martial art, as in jujutsu and kenjutsu (swordsmanship). The first documented use of a homophone of

6084-528: Was written by Gary Gygax , David "Zeb" Cook , and François Marcela-Froideval , and published in 1985 by TSR, Inc. as a 144-page hardcover for use with the Advanced Dungeons & Dragons ( AD&D ) 1st edition rules. The book was edited by Steve Winter , Mike Breault , Anne Gray , and Thad Russell. The book's cover art was by Jeff Easley , with interior illustrations by Roger Raupp , James Holloway , Easley, and Dave Sutherland . In 1999,

#529470