Waray
81-576: Ormoc (IPA: [ʔoɾˈmok] ), officially the City of Ormoc ( Cebuano : Dakbayan sa Ormoc ; Waray : Syudad han Ormoc ; Filipino : Lungsod ng Ormoc ), is a 1st class independent component city in the Eastern Visayas region of the Philippines . According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 230,998 inhabitants, making it the second most-populous city in the province of Leyte after
162-414: A National Irrigation Administration 's project is undertaken connecting rivers from neighboring barangays and town by a cemented dug canal passing through inland villages of as far as Tagaytay to Kawayan that would irrigate several struggling farmers' rice fields. Kananga is politically subdivided into 23 barangays . Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios . In the 2020 census,
243-525: A 1st class municipality in the province of Leyte , Philippines . According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 59,696 people. Majority of Kananga's economic activity has historically been concentrated in agriculture. Some are engaged in commerce and trade since the town is geographically close to commercially progressive nearby city, Ormoc City and coastal town of Palompon, Leyte . The town's main crops are coconut ( niyog ) and rice ( palay ). Kananga, sometimes known as Asia's geothermal capital,
324-659: A Cebuano-English dictionary in 1955, and an English-Cebuano dictionary in 1983. During the Spanish Colonial Period , the Spaniards broadly referred to the speakers of Hiligaynon, Cebuano, Waray, Kinaray-a , and Aklanon as Visaya and made no distinctions among these languages. As of the 2020 (but released in 2023) statistics released by the Philippine Statistics Authority , the current number of households that speak Cebuano
405-513: A Spanish priest, compiled a grammar book on the language, but his work was published sometime only by the early 19th century CE. The priest recorded the letters of the Latin alphabet used for the language, and in a separate report, his name was listed as the recorder of the non-Latin characters used by the natives. Cebuano written literature is generally agreed to have started with Vicente Yap Sotto , who wrote " Maming" in 1901, but earlier he wrote
486-664: A bus depot in Manila and in Ormoc City , a few miles from Kananga. There are also quite few small jeepneys , van and buses route from and to Ormoc City and Tacloban City . Kananga Leyte and neighboring towns and cities in Leyte are served by two commercial airports namely Daniel Z. Romualdez Airport located in Tacloban City , about 52 miles east of the town and local Ormoc Airport in neighboring Ormoc City , which has
567-454: A connecting Cebu Pacific commercial flights to and from Cebu via Mactan–Cebu International Airport . Kananga can also be reached by sea through Ormoc City's major port where passenger ships and ferries such as Supercat Fast Ferry and OceanJet dock to and from Cebu City and Manila . Kananga has remained relatively free of the chain stores franchises and strip-mall developments that are common in other towns of similar size, which lends to
648-621: A constant trading with the Chinese , Javans and Indonesians . Their living, however, was always threatened by the attack of the Moro pirates . It is said that the people in Ormoc developed a warning system communication through people manning watch towers to inform and warn the people of the coming of these pirates. July 16, 1595, Jesuit missionaries arrived in Leyte. On May 1597, a mission in Ormoc
729-563: A distinct township. The local government celebrates the Kananga Kaanyag Festival which aims to commemorate the town's rich culture and traditions. Kananga is home to two different secondary schools, Kananga National High School (KNHS) and National Heroes Institute (NHI) as well as Kananga National High School- Kawayan Annex (Grade 7–10 in newly introduced K-12 program education in the Philippines situated on top of
810-548: A more patriotic piece of literature that was published a year later after Maming because of American censorship during the US occupation of the Philippines . However, there existed a piece that was more of a conduct book rather than a fully defined story itself, written in 1852 by Fray Antonio Ubeda de la Santísima Trinidad. Below is the vowel system of Cebuano with their corresponding letter representation in angular brackets: Sometimes, ⟨a⟩ may also be pronounced as
891-736: A speaker's aforementioned statements. For instance, a Davaoeño might say "Tuá man atà sa baláy si Manuel" instead of "Tuá man tingáli sa baláy si Manuel" . The word atà does exist in Cebuano, though it means 'squid ink' in contrast to Tagalog (e.g. atà sa nukos ). Other examples include: Nibabâ ko sa jeep sa kanto , tapos niulî ko sa among baláy ("I got off the jeepney at the street corner, and then I went home") instead of Ninaog ko sa jeep sa eskina , dayon niulî ko sa among baláy . The words babâ and naog mean "to disembark" or "to go down", kanto and eskina mean "street corner", while tapos and dayon mean "then"; in these cases,
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#1732772194301972-627: A spirit of brotherhood. And below is the official translation of the Lord's Prayer . Amahán namò nga anaa sa mga langit, pagdaygon ang imong ngalan, umabót kanamò ang imong gingharian, matuman ang imong pagbuót, dinhí sa yutà maingón sa langit. Ang kalan-on namò sa matag adlaw, ihatag kanamò karóng adlawa. Ug pasayloa kamí sa among mga salâ, ingón nga nagapasaylo kamí sa mga nakasalâ kanamò. Ug dilì mo kamí itugyan sa panuláy, hinunua luwasá kamí sa daután. Amen. Our Father in heaven, hallowed be your name, your kingdom come, your will be done, on earth as it
1053-409: Is approximately 1.72 million and around 6.5% of the country's population speak it inside their home. However, in a journal published in 2020, the number of speakers is estimated to be 15.9 million which in turn based it on a 2019 study. Cebuano is spoken in the provinces of Cebu , Bohol , Siquijor , Negros Oriental , northeastern Negros Occidental (as well as the municipality of Hinoba-an and
1134-630: Is a pushback on these objections. Some language enthusiasts insist on referring to the language as Cebuano because, as they claim, using the terms Bisayâ and Binisayâ to refer to ethnicity and language, respectively, is exclusivist and disenfranchises the speakers of the Hiligaynon language and the Waray language who also refer to their languages as Binisayâ to distinguish them from Cebuano Bisayâ . Existing linguistic studies on Visayan languages, most notably that of R. David Paul Zorc, has described
1215-429: Is also often replaced with d͡ʒ ⟨j/dy⟩ when it is in the beginning of a syllable (e.g. kalayo , "fire", becomes kalajo ). It can also happen even if the ⟨y⟩ is at the final position of the syllable and the word, but only if it is moved to the initial position by the addition of the affix -a . For example, baboy ("pig") can not become baboj , but baboya can become baboja. All of
1296-619: Is also present in the alphabet since it is part of the phonology of most Philippine languages representing the sound of the velar nasal /ŋ/ (e.g. ngipon , "teeth" and ngano , "why"). Cebuano shares many cognates with other Austronesian languages and its descendants. Early trade contact resulted in the adoption of loanwords from Malay (despite belonging in the same language family) like " sulát" ("to write") , "pilak" ("silver"), and " balísa" ("anxious"); it also adopted words from Sanskrit like " bahandì" ("wealth, goods, riches") from "भाण्ड, bhānda" ("goods"), and bása ("to read")
1377-487: Is an abstract depicting a life taken to heaven. On November 7, 2013, Typhoon Haiyan, one of the most powerful tropical cyclones ever recorded, made a landfall in the Philippines. While it killed far fewer people as Tropical Storm Uring, it left widespread devastation to the city with destruction and damages in 90% of its structures. On January 19, 2021, the City Council enacted Ordinance 52 Series of 2021 to merge
1458-400: Is distinctive in retaining /l/ sounds and longer word forms as well. It is the primary dialectal language of the entire province of Negros Oriental and northeastern parts of Negros Occidental (while the majority of the latter province and its bordered areas speaks Hiligaynon/Ilonggo), as well as some parts of Siquijor . Examples of Negrense Cebuano's distinction from other Cebuano dialects
1539-639: Is from Spanish, being more culturally influenced by Spanish priests from the late 16th century and invigorated by the opening of the Suez canal in the 1860s that encouraged European migrations to Asia, most notably its numeral system. English words are also used extensively in the language and mostly among the educated ones, even sometimes using the English word rather than the direct Cebuano. For example, instead of saying "magpalít" (" to buy ", in future tense), speakers would often say "mag- buy " . Currently,
1620-407: Is in heaven. Give us today our daily bread. And forgive us our debts, as we also have forgiven our debtors. And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from the evil one. Amen. Source: There is no standardized orthography for Cebuano, but spelling in print usually follow the pronunciation of Standard Cebuano, regardless of how it is actually spoken by the speaker. For example, baláy ("house")
1701-439: Is phonemic, which means that words with different accent placements, such as dapít (near) and dápit (place), are considered separate. The stress is predictably on the penult when the second-to-last syllable is closed (CVC or VC). On the other hand, when the syllable is open (CV or V), the stress can be on either the penultimate or the final syllable (although there are certain grammatical conditions or categories under which
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#17327721943011782-564: Is pronounced /baˈl̪aɪ/ in Standard Cebuano and is thus spelled "baláy", even in Urban Cebuano where it is actually pronounced /ˈbaɪ/ . Cebuano is spoken natively over a large area of the Philippines and thus has numerous regional dialects. It can vary significantly in terms of lexicon and phonology depending on where it is spoken. Increasing usage of spoken English (being the primary language of commerce and education in
1863-480: Is similar to that of other varieties; however, current speakers exhibit uniquely strong Tagalog influence in their speech by substituting most Cebuano words with Tagalog ones. This is because the older generations speak Tagalog to their children in home settings, and Cebuano is spoken in other everyday settings, making Tagalog the secondary lingua franca. One characteristic of this dialect is the practice of saying atà , derived from Tagalog yatà , to denote uncertainty in
1944-414: Is spoken as a ten and a unit . For example, 11 is spoken as " napulò ug usá" , shortened to " napulò'g usá" (lit. "ten and one"), 111 is spoken as "usa ka gatós, napulò ug usá", and 1111 is spoken as "usá ka libo, usá ka gatós, napulò ug usá". The ordinal counting uses the prefix ika - , and then the unit, except for "first" which is "una" . For example, ika- duhá means "second". Below
2025-522: Is spoken by the Visayan ethnolinguistic groups native to the islands of Cebu , Bohol , Siquijor , the eastern half of Negros , the western half of Leyte , and the northern coastal areas of Northern Mindanao and the eastern part of Zamboanga del Norte due to Spanish settlements during the 18th century. In modern times, it has also spread to the Davao Region , Cotabato , Camiguin , parts of
2106-460: Is taken from "वाचा, vācā" ("sacred text") and Arabic like the word "alam" ("to know") is said to be borrowed from Arabic "عَالَم, ʕālam " ("things, creation, existing before") , and " salamat" ("expression of gratitude, thanks, thank you") from "سَلَامَات, salāmāt " ("plural form of salāma, meaning "good health"), both of which were indirectly transmitted to Cebuano through Malays. The biggest component of loanwords that Cebuano uses
2187-758: Is the closest airport with commercial flights. Ormoc hosts the biggest power plant in Southeast Asia - the Tongonan Geothermal Power in Barangay Tongonan which supplies electricity not only in the Eastern Visayas Region but power demand in Luzon and Mindanao as well. Ormoc is the educational center for western Leyte. It has a range of primary and secondary schools, both public and private. Tertiary education
2268-550: Is the official translation of Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights taken from the official United Nations website: Ang tanáng katawhan gipakatawo nga adunay kagawasan ug managsama sa kabililhon. Silá gigasahan sa pangisip ug tanlag ug kinahanglang mag-ilhanáy sa usá'g-usá dihâ sa diwà sa panág-higsuonáy. All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in
2349-698: Is the richest municipality in Eastern Visayas. Kananga was established on June 17, 1950 from the barrios of Lonoy, Kananga, Rizal, Tugbong, Montebello, Aguiting, Agayayan, Montealegre, Libungao, Naghalin, and Masarayao which all used to be part of Ormoc City , in the same province by virtue of Republic Act No. 542 . On November 8, 2013, the town and all parts of Leyte was ravagedly hit by deadliest Typhoon Haiyan or Typhoon Yolanda as locally named, destroying town's infrastructure, houses and means of livelihood which are mostly related to agriculture of rice and coconut and small-scale pig farming . Currently,
2430-460: Is the usage of the word maot instead of batî ("ugly"), alálay , kalálag instead of kalag-kalag (Halloween), kabaló/kahibaló and kaágo/kaantígo instead of kabawó/kahíbawó ("know"). Kananga, Leyte Kananga (IPA: [kɐ'naŋga] ), officially the Municipality of Kananga ( Cebuano : Lungsod sa Kananga ; Waray : Bungto han Kananga , Tagalog : Bayan ng Kananga ), is
2511-674: Is the variety of Cebuano spoken throughout most of Mindanao , and it is the standard dialect of Cebuano in Northern Mindanao . A branch of Mindanaoan Cebuano in Davao is also known as Davaoeño (not to be confused with the Davao variant of Chavacano which is called "Castellano Abakay"). Like the Cebuano of Luzon, it contains some Tagalog vocabulary, which speakers may use even more frequently than in Luzon Cebuano. Its grammar
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2592-562: The Commission on Elections through Resolution No. 10796 set the plebiscite on October 8. The plebiscite was held at the Ormoc City Central School, with 35 polling precincts, wherein 10,209 registered voters from 29 barangays were expected to participate. With a voter turnout of more than half, majority of them approved the reorganization. Ormoc City is a port city and is the largest city in Leyte by land area and
2673-465: The Dinagat Islands , and the lowland regions of Caraga , often displacing native languages in those areas (most of which are closely related to the language). While Tagalog has the largest number of native speakers among the languages of the Philippines today, Cebuano had the largest native-language-speaking population in the Philippines from the 1950s until about the 1980s. It is by far
2754-800: The ISO 639-2 three-letter code ceb , but not an ISO 639-1 two-letter code. The Commission on the Filipino Language , the Philippine government body charged with developing and promoting the national and regional languages of the country, spells the name of the language in Filipino as Sebwano . The term Cebuano derives from " Cebu "+" ano ", a Latinate calque reflecting the Philippines' Spanish colonial heritage. Speakers of Cebuano in Cebu and even those from outside of Cebu commonly refer to
2835-589: The Piña Festival in honor of the saints Peter and Paul in thanks for the bountiful pineapple harvest. The place got its name from the word ogmok , an old Visayan term for lowland or depressed plain. This place was used during the Spanish occupation and the migration of the neighboring towns to settle in the more fertile plains of Ormoc. Much of the settler in the town were the Malayans . These people had
2916-497: The open-mid back unrounded vowel /ʌ/ (as in English "g u t"); ⟨e⟩ or ⟨i⟩ as the near-close near-front unrounded vowel /ɪ/ (as in English "b i t"); and ⟨o⟩ or ⟨u⟩ as the open-mid back rounded vowel /ɔ/ (as in English "th ou ght") or the near-close near-back rounded vowel /ʊ/ (as in English "h oo k"). During the precolonial and Spanish period, Cebuano had only three vowel phonemes: /a/ , /i/ and /u/ . This
2997-669: The Allies near the City. Japan begin to reinforce the city and the Battle of Ormoc Bay begins. The city is liberated afterwards. Ormoc became a city by virtue of Republic Act No. 179 on October 20, 1947, becoming the fifteenth city in the Philippines and the first in the Eastern Visayas region. Kananga was created in 1950 from the barrios of Lonoy, Kananga, Rizal, Tugbong, Montebello, Aguiting, Tagaytay, Montealegre, Libungao, Naghalin, and Masarayao which all used to be part of Ormoc City. On
3078-541: The Anilao and Malbasag rivers until it poured to the lowlands in Ormoc, particularly District 26, also known as Isla Verde. On November 5, 2011, a monument by national artist Francis Cinco commemorating the 20th anniversary of the event was inaugurated. It sits on top of the mass grave at the Ormoc City Public Cemetery where an estimated 4,900 victims are buried. The sculpture, entitled "Gift of Life",
3159-452: The English numeral system instead, especially for numbers more than 100. The language uses a base 10 numeral system, thence the sets of ten are ultimately derived from the unit except the first ten which is "napulò" , this is done by adding a prefix ka- , then followed by a unit, and then the suffix -an . For example, 20 is spoken as ka-duhá-an (lit. "the second set of ten"). The numbers are named from 1-10, for values after 10, it
3240-755: The Ormoc campus of the Eastern Visayas State University . Ormoc also has their own Chinese school which is Ormoc Se San School. Cebuano language Cebuano ( / s ɛ ˈ b w ɑː n oʊ / se- BWAH -noh ) is an Austronesian language spoken in the southern Philippines . It is natively, though informally, called by its generic term Bisayâ ( [bisəˈjaʔ] ) or Binisayâ ( [bɪniːsəˈjaʔ] ) (both terms are translated into English as Visayan , though this should not be confused with other Bisayan languages ) and sometimes referred to in English sources as Cebuan ( / s ɛ ˈ b uː ən / seb- OO -ən ). It
3321-474: The Philippines) has also led to the introduction of new pronunciations and spellings of old Cebuano words. Code-switching forms of English and Bisaya ( Bislish ) are also common among the educated younger generations. There are four main dialectal groups within Cebuano aside from Standard Cebuano and Urban Cebuano. They are as follows: The Boholano dialect of Bohol shares many similarities with
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3402-423: The above substitutions are considered allophonic and do not change the meaning of the word. In rarer instances, the consonant ⟨d⟩ might also be replaced with ⟨r⟩ when it is in between two vowels (e.g. Boholano idô for standard Cebuano irô , "dog"), but ⟨d⟩ and ⟨r⟩ are not considered allophones, though they may have been in the past. Stress accent
3483-435: The area. Poverty incidence of Kananga Source: Philippine Statistics Authority Kananga is a bustling town, located along the highway, in close proximity to Ormoc City in the south. The town also shares a home to Energy Development Corporation 's Tongonan Geothermal Powerplant, one of the largest geothermal powerplants in the Philippines . Several bus companies including Philtranco and DLTBCo operate
3564-483: The beginning of a word (e.g. ngano , "why"). The glottal stop / ʔ / is most commonly encountered in between two vowels, but can also appear in all positions. Like in Tagalog , glottal stops are usually not indicated in writing. When indicated, it is commonly written as a hyphen or an apostrophe if the glottal stop occurs in the middle of the word (e.g. tu-o or tu'o , "right"). More formally, when it occurs at
3645-424: The cities of Kabankalan and Sipalay to a great extent, alongside Ilonggo ), southern Masbate , western portions of Leyte and Biliran (to a great extent, alongside Waray ), and a large portion of Mindanao , notably the urban areas of Zamboanga Peninsula , Northern Mindanao , Davao Region , Caraga and some parts of Soccsksargen (alongside Ilonggo, Maguindanaon , indigenous Mindanaoan languages and to
3726-476: The consonant /w/ ). Loanwords , however, are usually more conservative in their orthography and pronunciation (e.g. dyip , " jeepney " from English "jeep", will never be written or spoken as dyep ). There are only four diphthongs since ⟨o⟩ and ⟨u⟩ are allophones. These include /aj/ , /uj/ , /aw/ , and /iw/ . For Cebuano consonants, all the stops are unaspirated. The velar nasal /ŋ/ occurs in all positions, including at
3807-818: The eastern portion of Leyte. Numerous rivers and streams traverse Ormoc. Among them are the Bao River in the north, Pagsangahan River in the west, the Bagong-bong River in the south, the Panilahan River also in the south and the Anilao and Malbasag Rivers which border the eastern and western flanks of Ormoc City Proper. Ormoc is politically subdivided into 85 barangays . Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios . The number had reduced from 110 upon ratification of an ordinance merging 29 of them to four. The natives of this city are called Ormocanons, with most being Cebuano speakers, as with
3888-543: The end of the word, it is indicated by a circumflex accent if both a stress and a glottal stop occurs at the final vowel (e.g. basâ , "wet"); or a grave accent if the glottal stop occurs at the final vowel, but the stress occurs at the penultimate syllable (e.g. batà , "child"). Below is a chart of Cebuano consonants with their corresponding letter representation in parentheses: In certain dialects, /l/ ⟨l⟩ may be interchanged with /w/ ⟨w⟩ in between vowels and vice versa depending on
3969-524: The following conditions: A final ⟨l⟩ can also be replaced with ⟨w⟩ in certain areas in Bohol (e.g. tambal , "medicine", becomes tambaw ). In very rare cases in Cebu, ⟨l⟩ may also be replaced with ⟨y⟩ in between the vowels ⟨a⟩ and ⟨e⟩ / ⟨i⟩ (e.g. tingali , "maybe", becomes tingayi ). In some parts of Bohol and Southern Leyte, /j/ ⟨y⟩
4050-399: The former word is Tagalog, and the latter is Cebuano. Davaoeño speakers may also sometimes add Bagobo or Mansakan vocabulary to their speech, as in " Madayawng adlaw , amigo, kumusta ka?" (" Good day , friend, how are you?", literally "Good morning/afternoon") rather than " Maayong adlaw , amigo, kumusta ka?" The words madayaw and maayo both mean 'good', though the former is Bagobo and
4131-416: The introduction of the Latin script, its use was so rare that there is hardly any surviving accounts of Cebuano being written in what was called badlit . Modern Cebuano uses 20 letters from the Latin alphabet and it consists of 5 vowels and 15 consonants. The letters c, f, j, q, v, x and z are also used but in foreign loanwords, while the " ñ " is used for Spanish names (e.g. Santo Niño ). The " Ng " digraph
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#17327721943014212-534: The language as Bisayâ . The name Cebuano , however, has not been accepted by all who speak it. Cebuano speakers in certain portions of Leyte , Northern Mindanao , Davao Region , Caraga , and Zamboanga Peninsula objected to the name of the language and claimed that their ancestry traces back to Bisayâ speakers native to their place and not from immigrants or settlers from Cebu. Furthermore, they refer to their ethnicity as Bisayâ instead of Cebuano and their language as Binisayâ instead of Cebuano. However, there
4293-490: The language simply as Binisayâ or Bisayà . The Cebuano language is a descendant of the hypothesized reconstructed Proto-Philippine language , which in turn descended from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian , making it distantly related to many languages in Maritime Southeast Asia , including Indonesian and Malay . The earlier forms of the language is hard to trace as a result of lack of documents written using
4374-516: The language spoken in Cebu, Negros Occidental, Bohol (as Boholano dialect), Leyte, and most parts of Mindanao as "Cebuano". Zorc's studies on Visayan language serves as the bible of linguistics in the study of Visayan languages. The Jesuit linguist and a native of Cabadbaran , Rodolfo Cabonce, S.J., published two dictionaries during his stays in Cagayan de Oro City and Manolo Fortich in Bukidnon :
4455-407: The language through different time periods and also because the natives used to write on easily perishable material rather than on processed paper or parchment. The earliest record of the Cebuano language was first documented in a list of words compiled by Antonio Pigafetta , an Italian explorer who was part of Ferdinand Magellan 's 1521 expedition. While there is evidence of a writing system for
4536-451: The language, its use appears to have been sporadic. Spaniards recorded the Visayan script , which was called kudlit-kabadlit by the natives. Although Spanish chroniclers Francisco Alcina and Antonio de Morga wrote that almost every native was literate in the 17th century CE, it appears to have been exaggerated as accounted for lack of physical evidence and contradicting reports of different accounts. A report from 1567 CE describes how
4617-620: The largest fertilizer factory in Asia, and the Philippine Associated Smelter and Refining Company, the country's biggest copper processing plant, among other industries. Among sites visited by the city's tourist are: The Port of Ormoc serves as the seaport of the city. For air transport, Ormoc Airport serves the city, although no regular commercial flights fly to this airport. Daniel Z. Romualdez Airport in Tacloban
4698-617: The last man. Ormoc is a hotbed of revolutionaries seeking independence from Spanish rule. The revolutionary leader Faustino Ablen inspired locals to join the Pulahan Movement . In 1903, the municipality of Albuera was consolidated into Ormoc. After the Japanese Occupation and a rule of Second Philippine Republic . Ormoc is a garrison of small divisions of the Imperial Japanese Army . With
4779-482: The latter Cebuano. One of the famous characteristics of this dialect is disregarding the agreement between the verb "To go (Adto, Anha, Anhi, Ari)" and locative demonstratives (Didto, Dinha, Dinhi, Diri) or the distance of the object/place. In Cebu Cebuano dialect, when the verb "to go" is distal (far from both the speaker and the listener), the locative demonstrative must be distal as well (e.g. Adto didto . Not " Adto diri " or " Anha didto "). In Davaoeño Cebuano on
4860-727: The lesser extent, Ilocano ). It is also spoken in some remote barangays of San Francisco and San Andres in Quezon Province in Luzon , due to its geographical contact with Cebuano-speaking parts of Burias Island in Masbate . Some dialects of Cebuano have different names for the language. Cebuano speakers from Cebu are mainly called "Cebuano" while those from Bohol are "Boholano" or "Bol-anon". Cebuano speakers in Leyte identify their dialect as Kanâ meaning that (Leyte Cebuano or Leyteño). Speakers in Mindanao and Luzon refer to
4941-703: The major agricultural production. The city enjoys economic growth because it supplies a large part of the country's power needs with its abundant geothermal power resources from the Tongonan Geothermal Power Plant in Barangay Tongonan and the neighbouring Kananga town. Ormoc is also the gateway to the Leyte Industrial Development Estate in the nearby town of Isabel , home of the Philippine Phosphate Fertilizer Plant,
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#17327721943015022-457: The morning of November 5, 1991, the Ormoc region was inundated by Tropical Storm Uring . The city government recorded 4,922 deaths, 3,000 missing persons, 14,000 destroyed houses and more than P600 million worth of damaged property. None of the 3,000 missing persons were ever found and are now presumed dead. Illegal logging and kaingin (slash-and-burn farming) were blamed as the reasons of the flood. Heavy rainfall caused water to collect upstream
5103-572: The most widely spoken of the Bisayan languages . Cebuano is the lingua franca of Central Visayas, the western parts of Eastern Visayas, some western parts of Palawan and most parts of Mindanao . The name Cebuano is derived from the island of Cebu , which is the source of Standard Cebuano. Cebuano is also the primary language in Western Leyte—noticeably in Ormoc . Cebuano is assigned
5184-489: The native system is mostly used as cardinal numbers and more often as ordinal numbers, and the Spanish-derived system is used in monetary and chronological terminology and is also commonly used in counting from 11 and above, though both systems can be used interchangeably regardless. The table below shows the comparison of native numerals and Spanish-derived numerals, but observably Cebuano speakers would often just use
5265-588: The natives wrote the language , and stated that the natives learned it from the Malays, but a century later another report claimed that the Visayan natives learned it from the Tagalogs. Despite the confirmation of the usage of baybayin in the region, the documents of the language being written in it other than Latin between the 17th century CE and 18th century CE are now rare. In the 18th century CE, Francisco Encina,
5346-579: The northern boundaries. Both North and South Kana are subgroups of Leyteño dialect . Both of these dialects are spoken in western and central Leyte and in the southern province, but Boholano is more concentrated in Maasin City . Northern Kanâ (found in the northern part of Leyte ), is closest to the variety of the language spoken in northern part of Leyte, and shows significant influence from Waray-Waray, quite notably in its pace which speakers from Cebu find very fast, and its more mellow tone (compared to
5427-458: The numbered barangays (all in Poblacion ) and renaming them: The ordinance require a plebiscite and the determination of an affirmation will be based on the majority vote of the proposed administrative subdivision and not a majority vote per barangay. This is to avoid creation of enclaves and exclaves . Then mayor Richard Gomez approved the ordinance on January 22, 2021. On June 22, 2022,
5508-555: The other hand does not necessarily follow that grammar. Speakers tend to say Adto diri instead of Ari diri probably due to grammar borrowing from Hiligaynon because kadto/mokadto is the Hiligaynon word for "come" or "go" in general regardless the distance. The Cebuano dialect in Negros is somewhat similar to Standard Cebuano (spoken by the majority of the provincial areas of Cebu), with distinct Hiligaynon influences. It
5589-679: The picturesque view of the mountain in Sitio Estrada, where can easily walk through a newly cemented road by about a mile away from the main highway of Barangay Kawayan, which caters neighboring poor students from inland villages of San Isidro and Monteaglegre; and Kananga National High School - Libertad Annex, located in Barangay Libertad, which also caters neighboring students from inland villages. Another public high schools were open in Barangays Rizal and Montebello Annex-
5670-457: The population of Kananga, Leyte, was 59,696 people, with a density of 410 inhabitants per square kilometre or 1,100 inhabitants per square mile. The municipality speaks both Cebuano and Waray , making it a bilingual municipality. The influx of Cebuano speaking settlers from Ormoc and other adjacent municipalities during the olden times is the reason why the Cebuano language flourished in
5751-450: The province by the Philippine Statistics Authority . On November 8, 2013, the city was extensively damaged by Super Typhoon Yolanda (Haiyan), having previously suffered severe destruction and loss of life in 1991 from torrential flooding during Tropical Storm Thelma (Uring). The city's name is derived from ogmok , an archaic Visayan term for "lowland" or "depressed plain". The city also celebrates an annual thanksgiving festival called
5832-478: The provincial capital of Tacloban . Ormoc is the economic, cultural, commercial and transportation hub of western Leyte. Ormoc is an independent component city, not subject to regulation from the Provincial Government of Leyte. However, the city is part of the 4th Congressional District of Leyte together with Albuera , Kananga , Merida , Palompon and Isabel , and statistically grouped under
5913-463: The second-largest in Eastern Visayas after Calbayog in Samar. At the head of Ormoc Bay , the city's terrain is mostly of gently rolling plains. It is bounded on the northwest by the towns of Matag-ob and Merida , in the north by Kananga and Carigara , in the northeast by the towns of Jaro , Pastrana and Dagami , and in the south by the town of Albuera . High mountain ranges separate Ormoc from
5994-493: The southern form of Standard Cebuano. It is also spoken in some parts of Siquijor and parts of Northern Mindanao. Boholano, especially as spoken in central Bohol, can be distinguished from other Cebuano variants by a few phonetic changes : Southern Kanâ is a dialect of both southern Leyte and Southern Leyte provinces; it is closest to the Mindanao Cebuano dialect at the southern area and northern Cebu dialect at
6075-469: The stress is predictable, such as with numbers and pronouns). The Cebuano language is written using the Latin script and the de facto writing convention is based on the Filipino orthography . There is no updated spelling rule of the language as the letter "Ee" is often interchangeable with "Ii" and "Oo" with "Uu" . Though it was recorded that the language used a different writing system prior to
6156-519: The urban Cebu City dialect, which Kana speakers find "rough"). A distinguishing feature of this dialect is the reduction of /A/ prominent, but an often unnoticed feature of this dialect is the labialisation of /n/ and /ŋ/ into /m/ , when these phonemes come before /p/ , /b/ and /m/ , velarisation of /m/ and /n/ into /ŋ/ before /k/ , /ɡ/ and /ŋ/ , and the dentalisation of /ŋ/ and /m/ into /n/ before /t/ , /d/ and /n/ and sometimes, before vowels and other consonants as well. This
6237-479: The whole western and southern parts of the island of Leyte. A definite number of Waray speakers is also present within the city. Like most Filipinos, Ormocanons are predominantly Roman Catholic , and the city celebrates its annual fiesta in honour of the patron saints Saint Peter and Saint Paul on June 28 and 29. Other main Catholic holy days, including the local fiestas of barangays, are observed throughout
6318-526: The year. There is also a visible Muslim minority within the city and all over the island, evidenced by the mosques within the cityscape and most of them are Maranaos from the twin provinces of Lanao del Norte and Lanao del Sur in Mindanao. Poverty incidence of Ormoc Source: Philippine Statistics Authority Ormoc's economic base is a mix of agriculture, aquaculture, industry, tourism, and commercial services. Sugar cane, rice and pineapple are
6399-488: Was established by these missionaries. That year, the locals were converted to Christianity. Their years of peace was shortly felt when in year 1634, a ruler of Sulu by the name of Raja Bungsu captured 300 natives from Ormoc after the invasion of the notorious pirates in the town. The towns of Sogod , Kabalian , Inopacan and Baybay were also invaded and plundered. More locals of Ormoc still fought Raja and his men but because they were outnumbered, they were massacred up to
6480-563: Was later expanded to five vowels with the introduction of Spanish. As a consequence, the vowels ⟨o⟩ or ⟨u⟩ , as well as ⟨e⟩ or ⟨i⟩ , are still mostly allophones . They can be freely switched with each other without losing their meaning ( free variation ); though it may sound strange to a native listener, depending on their dialect. The vowel ⟨a⟩ has no variations, though it can be pronounced subtly differently, as either /a/ or /ʌ/ (and very rarely as /ɔ/ immediately after
6561-576: Was originally offered by Saint Peter's College of Ormoc, a Benedictine -run Catholic college and the oldest, followed by Western Leyte College of Ormoc City, Inc., a private non-sectarian college. In the 1980s-1990s, the city saw the establishment of Santo Niño College of Ormoc, Saint Paul's School of Ormoc Foundation, Inc. and the STI College - Ormoc . In the 2000s, tertiary institutions founded were ACLC College of Ormoc , San Lorenzo Ruiz College of Ormoc, Ormoc City Institute of Technology (OCIT) and
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