32-441: Ormsgill is an area and former ward of Barrow-in-Furness , Cumbria , England . It is bordered by Hindpool , Parkside , Hawcoat , Roanhead and Walney Channel. The population of the ward in 2001 stood at 5,961 (2,883 male and 3,078 female),increasing to 6,033 at the 2011 Census. Almost three quarters of Ormsgill is greenspace, with the majority of residents living in the densely populated south-east corridor. The western part of
64-542: A sui generis entity possessing an international personality. The Sovereign Military Order of Malta has likewise been described as a " sui generis primary subject of public international law". Another entity widely considered to have sui generis international legal personality is the International Committee of the Red Cross . In local government, a sui generis entity does not fit with
96-537: A castle. In Wales, the term electoral ward is used for elections to principal councils ( county councils or county borough councils ). These were formally called electoral divisions . Communities in Wales (the equivalent to the civil parish in England) are sometimes divided into wards for elections to the community council. All of Scotland is divided into over 300 wards for local government elections. Using
128-432: A class by itself", therefore "unique". Several disciplines use the term to refer to unique entities. These include: In the taxonomical structure " genus → species ", a species is described as sui generis if its genus was created to classify it (i.e., its uniqueness at the time of classification merited the creation of a new genus, the sole member of which was initially the sui generis species). A species that
160-448: A confederation but less than a federation, thus being appropriately classified as an instance of neither political form. Compared to other international organizations, the EU is often considered "sui generis" because its legal system comprehensively rejects any use of retaliatory sanctions by one member state against another. A similar case that led to the use of the label sui generis is
192-728: A country's general scheme of local governance. For example, in England, the City of London and the Isles of Scilly are the two sui generis localities, as their forms of local government are both (for historical or geographical reasons) very different from those of elsewhere in the country. In a press conference during which reporters were trying to analyse his political personality, Huey Long said "say that I am sui generus , and let it go at that". The Joint Council of Municipalities in Croatia
224-453: A court's contempt powers arise sui generis and not from statute or rule. The New York Court of Appeals has used the term in describing cooperative apartment corporations, mostly because this form of housing is considered real property for some purposes and personal property for other purposes. When citing cases and other authorities, lawyers and judges may refer to "a sui generis case", or "a sui generis authority", meaning it
256-460: A statute may require consideration of large vehicles separately from other vehicles. The word "large" is ambiguous per se but may be considered "heavy". The relevant legislation (in Australian law) contain sections called "Terms used" or "Definitions" that itemise all words deemed ambiguous and confers specific interpretations consistent with natural language. One indicates "heavy vehicle" means
288-516: A vehicle with a GVM over 4.5 tons, and GVM means "gross vehicle mass", the maximum loaded mass of the vehicle. Further explanations cover various contingencies. Thus, "large" is equivalent to "heavy" and is (for this unique case) clearly defined sui generis . In U.S. attorney admissions, an applicant for admission to the practice of law may be referred to the state committee on character and fitness, where proceedings are "neither civil nor criminal, but are sui generis". In town and country planning in
320-562: Is a sui generis council of municipalities in the east of the country that was formed after the Erdut Agreement and UNTAES mission aimed at protection of the rights of the ethnic Serb community in the region and is, as such, unique form of local cooperation and minority self-government in Croatia. In sociology, methodological holists argue that social phenomena exist in their own right (sui generis) and are not reducible to
352-506: Is a special one confined to its own facts and, therefore, may not be of broader application. Generally speaking, protection for intellectual property extends to intellectual creations to incentivize innovation and depends upon the nature of the work and its characteristics . The main types of intellectual property law are: copyright , which protects creative works; patent , which protects invention; trade secret , which protects information not generally known or readily ascertainable that
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#1732784021525384-975: Is divided into wards, which are ancient and very long-standing sub-divisions of the city. The Council of the Isles of Scilly is also a sui generis unitary authority, and has five wards, each returning either 1 or (in the case of St Mary's ) 12 councillors to the Council of the Isles of Scilly. Civil parishes in England are sometimes divided into wards for elections to the parish council (or town / city council ). They need not bear any relation to wards or electoral divisions at district level, but often do. The four most northerly ancient counties of England – Cumberland , Westmorland , County Durham and Northumberland – were historically divided into administrative units called wards instead of hundreds or wapentakes , as in other counties. Wards were areas originally organised for military purposes, each centred on
416-489: Is one of the longest settled areas of what is now Barrow. It is home to the town's oldest continuously inhabited building; Ormsgill Farm House dated 1605. The building is Grade II* listed. Other sites of interest in the ward include High Cocken , former residence of George Romney , and Thorncliffe Cemetery and Crematorium , the largest graveyard in the borough. 54°07′59″N 3°13′59″W / 54.133°N 3.233°W / 54.133; -3.233 Wards of
448-421: Is the sole extant member of its genus (e.g., the genus Homo ) is not necessarily sui generis ; extinctions may have eliminated other congeneric species. A sui generis genus may also be called a monotypic genus . A book, movie, television series, or other artistic creation is called sui generis when it does not fit into standard genre boundaries. Movie critic Richard Schickel identifies Joe Versus
480-663: Is valuable to the secret holder; and trademark , which protects branding and other exclusive properties of products and services. Any matter that meets these criteria can be protected. Sui generis statutes exist in many countries that extend intellectual property protection to matter that does not meet characteristic definitions. For example, integrated circuit layouts , ship hull designs , fashion designs in France, databases , and plant varieties require sui generis statutes because of their unique characteristics. The United States, Japan, Australia, and many EU countries protect
512-473: The Isle of Wight and Shropshire Councils ) instead use the term electoral division . In non-metropolitan county areas with both wards (used for district council elections) and electoral divisions (used for county council elections), the boundaries of the two types of divisions may sometimes not coincide, but more often the county electoral divisions will be made up of one or more complete wards. In urban areas,
544-466: The Local Government (Boundaries) (NI) Order 1972 (No. 131) and DEAs were first created by the Local Government (District Electoral Areas) Regulations 1973 (No.94) Sui generis Sui generis ( / ˌ s uː i ˈ dʒ ɛ n ər ɪ s / SOO -ee JEN -ər-iss , Classical Latin : [ˈsʊ.iː ˈɡɛnɛrɪs] ) is a Latin phrase that means "of its/their own kind" or "in
576-653: The single transferable vote , most wards elect either three or four councillors. Starting from the 2022 Scottish local elections , the Scottish Elections (Reform) Act 2020 , allows electoral wards to have between one and five councillors. Districts in Northern Ireland are divided into electoral areas, with each electing between five and seven councillors by single transferable vote. These are themselves sub-divided into wards, but these wards have no official function. Post-1973 wards were first created by
608-450: The Town and Country Planning (Use Classes) (Amendment) (England) Regulations 2020, the following uses were added as sui generis: The grant of private hire vehicle (taxicab) operators licences by local authorities frequently has a condition that the appropriate sui generis change of use planning permission is granted to those premises to ensure those businesses cannot trade lawfully without
640-528: The UK. An average area of wards or electoral divisions in the United Kingdom is 28.109 km (10.853 sq mi). The London boroughs , metropolitan boroughs and non-metropolitan districts (including most unitary authorities ) are divided into wards for local elections. However, county council elections (as well as those for several unitary councils which were formerly county councils, such as
672-716: The United Kingdom The wards and electoral divisions in the United Kingdom are electoral districts at sub-national level, represented by one or more councillors . The ward is the primary unit of English electoral geography for civil parishes and borough and district councils, the electoral ward is the unit used by Welsh principal councils , while the electoral division is the unit used by English county councils and some unitary authorities . Each ward/division has an average electorate of about 5,500 people, but ward population counts can vary substantially. As of 2021 there are 8,694 electoral wards/divisions in
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#1732784021525704-733: The United Kingdom , in particular, relating to the Town and Country Planning (Use Classes) Order 1987 , many common types of land use are categorised into specific "use classes". Change of use of land within a use class does not require planning permission; changing between use classes might require planning permission, and approval is always needed if the new use is sui generis . Examples of sui generis uses include embassies , theatres , amusement arcades , laundrettes , taxi or vehicle hire businesses, petrol filling stations , scrapyards , nightclubs , motor car showrooms , retail warehouses, clubs and hostels . As of 1 September 2020 following
736-481: The Volcano as a sui generis movie. Film critic Michael Brooke used the term to describe Fantastic Planet , a 1973 Franco-Czech sci-fi animated film directed by René Laloux . In law , it is a term of art used to identify a legal classification that exists independently of other categorizations, either because of its singularity or due to the specific creation of an entitlement or obligation. For example,
768-443: The actions of individuals. For example, Emile Durkheim argued that the suicide rate was a social phenomenon sui generis (existing over and above the actions of individuals) In a social constructionist perspective, " sui generis is what has been externalized, then internalized in the overall public and becomes a part of society that exists in its construct. It is not something that is not thought to have been created because it
800-559: The expression to indicate an idea, an entity , or a reality that cannot be reduced to a lower concept or included in a higher concept. G. E. Moore , for example, refuted reductive ethical naturalism in moral theories like utilitarianism by arguing that moral properties (like good or bad) could not be reduced to or equated with non-moral properties (like pleasure) because moral properties are sui generis. This can be seen in Moore's open-question argument . In political philosophy ,
832-505: The international community to develop adaptive legal responses to emerging global challenges and contexts that are not adequately addressed by traditional international law. They often also serve as precursors to the evolution of wider customary international law or the development of new treaties and conventions. The uniqueness of sui generis legal regimes can sometimes make them challenging to interpret, enforce, or harmonize with existing legal frameworks. Analytic philosophy often uses
864-517: The relationship of New Caledonia relative to France because the legal status of New Caledonia can aptly be said to lie somewhere between a French overseas collectivity and a sovereign nation . Although other examples of such status for further dependent or disputed territories may exist, this arrangement is unique within the French realm. The legal status of the Holy See is also described as
896-485: The relevant planning consent. When applied to international law, " sui generis " refers to situations which are distinct and thus not easily categorized under existing legal frameworks or conventions. Sui generis in international law may suggest novel legal frameworks to address unprecedented issues using a new set of legal principles. For example, the legal status of the internet or space law. Sui generis systems can be crucial in international law because they allow
928-521: The topography of semiconductor chips and integrated circuits under sui generis laws, which borrow some aspects from patent or copyright law. In the U.S., this sui generis law is known as the Semiconductor Chip Protection Act of 1984 . In statutory interpretation , sui generis refers to the problem of giving meaning to groups of words where one of the words is ambiguous or inherently unclear. In road traffic law,
960-476: The unparalleled development of the European Union as compared with other international organizations has led to its designation as a sui generis geopolitical entity. The legal nature of the EU is widely debated because its mixture of intergovernmental and supranational elements causes it to share characteristics with both confederal and federal entities. It is generally considered more than
992-467: The ward is predominantly industrial and includes a large Kimberly-Clark plant and numerous other industrial estates which provide a base for companies including Blyth , BT , Gyrodata , McBride and Oil States International . The ward itself was combined with Parkside ward in April 2023 to form Ormsgill and Parkside following the formation of the new Westmorland and Furness Local Authority. Ormsgill
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1024-558: The wards within a local authority area typically each contain roughly the same number of electors, and each elect three councillors. In local authorities with mixed urban and rural areas, the number of councillors may vary from one to three, depending on the size of the electorate. Where civil parishes exist, a ward can be adjacent with a civil parish or consist of groups of civil parishes. Larger civil parishes (such as Shrewsbury ) can be divided into two or more wards. The City of London has its own sui generis form of local government and
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