41-611: The Orquestra Pau Casals (Spanish: Orquesta Pau Casals) was established by Pablo Casals (sometimes known as Pau Casals) in the early 1920s in Barcelona , with the debut performance taking place October 13, 1920. There had been other orchestras in Barcelona, but none that played with any enduring success. The orchestra was managed by a group of Casals' friends including Felip Capdevila and Casals' second wife Francesca. Casals hired musicians full-time and invested his savings to balance
82-593: A European renaissance education becoming a lover of art and literature. He lived for two years in Germany between 1846 and 1848. In 1858, he took over his father's law firm. In 1863 he took classes under the composer François-Joseph Fétis in Brussels. When he returned he entered the Royal Palace of Madrid on November 28, 1863, as a gentleman of the then Prince of Asturias and future King Alfonso XII of Spain ,
123-601: A cellist in the unoccupied zone of southern France and in Switzerland . He was mocked by the Francoist press, which wrote articles deriding him as "a donkey", and was fined one million pesetas for his political views. So fierce was his opposition to Francoist Spain that he refused to appear in countries that recognized the Spanish government. He made a notable exception when he took part in a concert of chamber music in
164-828: A highly admired figure in artistic circles of late nineteenth century Madrid, and for his service to the Crown of Spain. He was a friend of Isaac Albéniz , who he arranged a grant for to study at the Royal Conservatory of Brussels . He served as director of the Royal Concert Society at the Teatro Real in Madrid until 1891. Born in Madrid on February 29, 1836, he was of Irish descent, son of Joseph Morphy . He spent his childhood traveling through France, Italy and Germany, among other countries, where he had
205-554: A number of musicians, led by Count Morphy, sharing the same concerns regarding the regeneration of Spanish art, gathered together in a society in Madrid to found the Philharmonic Institute with the aim of offering musical training at the same level as other European centres. The regenerative nature of their educational project, compared to the teachings of the Conservatory of Madrid, is highlighted. In particular,
246-670: A position he held until the Revolution in 1868 that overthrew Isabel II . He moved to France to engage in musicology, and during the Franco-Prussian War he traveled to Vienna to be with Prince Alfonso. There he composed the opera Lizzie and other orchestral parts. On the Bourbon Restoration , he returned to Spain with the King, who appointed him his personal secretary on January 18, 1875, and granted him
287-577: A refugee hospital in nearby Perpignan . Casals traveled extensively to Puerto Rico in 1955, inaugurating the annual Casals Festival the next year. In 1955, Casals married as his second wife long-time associate Francesca Vidal i Puig [ es ] , who died that same year. In 1957, at age 80, Casals married 20-year-old Marta Montañez y Martinez . He is said to have dismissed concerns that marriage to someone 60 years his junior might be hazardous by saying, "I look at it this way: if she dies, she dies." Pau and Marta made their permanent residence in
328-583: A venue for chamber music. Pau Casals Elementary School in Chicago is named in his honor. I.S. 181 in the Bronx is also named after Casals. Casals' motet O vos omnes , composed in 1932, is frequently performed today. In Pablo Larraín 's 2016 film Jackie , Casals is played by Roland Pidoux . In 2019, Casal's album Bach Six Cello Suites was selected by the Library of Congress for preservation in
369-684: The Casals Festival is still celebrated annually. There is also a museum dedicated to the life of Casals located in Old San Juan . On 3 October 2009, Sala Sinfónica Pau Casals , a symphony hall named in Casals' honour, opened in San Juan, Puerto Rico . The $ 34 million building, designed by Rodolfo Fernandez, is the latest addition to the Centro de Bellas Artes complex. It is the new home of
410-698: The East Room at the White House by invitation of President Kennedy at a dinner given in honor of the Governor of Puerto Rico, Luis Muñoz Marín . This performance was recorded and released as an album . Casals was also a composer. Perhaps his most effective work is La Sardana , for an ensemble of cellos, which he composed in 1926. His oratorio El Pessebre was performed for the first time in Acapulco , Mexico, on 17 December 1960. He also presented it to
451-732: The Escola with honours five years later. In 1893, Spanish composer Isaac Albéniz heard him playing in a trio in a café and gave him a letter of introduction to the Count Guillermo Morphy , the private secretary to María Cristina , the Queen Regent of Spain. Casals was asked to play at informal concerts in the palace, and was granted a royal stipend to study composition at the Madrid Royal Conservatory in Madrid with Víctor Mirecki . He also played in
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#1732793447547492-869: The Liceu . In 1897 he appeared as soloist with the Madrid Symphony Orchestra , and was awarded the Order of Carlos III from the Queen. In 1899, Casals played at The Crystal Palace in London, and later for Queen Victoria at Osborne House , her summer residence, accompanied by Ernest Walker . On 12 November, and 17 December 1899, he appeared as a soloist at the Lamoureux Concerts in Paris, to great public and critical acclaim. He toured Spain and
533-593: The National Recording Registry as "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". Guillermo Morphy Guillermo Morphy y Ferríz de Guzmán , best known as Conde de Morphy or Count Morphy (February 29, 1836 in Madrid – August 28, 1899 in Baden, Switzerland) was a Spanish aristocrat, music critic, musicologist, historian, educator, composer and politician. He became personal secretary to King Alfonso XII of Spain in 1875. He became
574-625: The Puerto Rico Symphony Orchestra . Prades, France, is home to another Pablo Casals Museum located inside the public library. Many of the artist's memorabilia and precious documents are there: photos, concert outfits, authentic letters, original scores of the Pessebre, interview soundtracks, films, paintings, a cello, and his first piano. In Tokyo , the Casals Hall , designed by Arata Isozaki , opened in 1987 as
615-714: The Victor label). Back in Paris, Casals organized a trio with the pianist Alfred Cortot and the violinist Jacques Thibaud ; they played concerts and made recordings until 1937. Casals also became interested in conducting, and in 1919 he organized, in Barcelona, the Pau Casals Orchestra and led its first concert on 13 October 1920. With the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War in 1936, the Orquesta Pau Casals ceased its activities. Casals
656-463: The White House on 13 November 1961, at the invitation of President John F. Kennedy , whom he admired. On 6 December 1963, Casals was awarded the U.S. Presidential Medal of Freedom . Throughout most of his professional career, he played on a cello that was labeled and attributed to " Carlo Tononi ... 1733" but after he had been playing it for 50 years it was discovered to have been created by
697-653: The Associacio Obrera de Concerts (Working Men's Concert Association) in Barcelona with annual dues of six pesetas which served as a subscription to his concert series. The orchestra recorded Beethoven's First and Fourth Symphonies in November 1929. Other recordings are also available. Pablo Casals Pau Casals i Defilló (Catalan: [ˈpaw kəˈzalz i ðəfiˈʎo] ; 29 December 1876 – 22 October 1973), known in English as Pablo Casals ,
738-578: The Netherlands with the pianist Harold Bauer from 1900 to 1901; in 1901/02 he made his first tour of the United States; and in 1903 toured South America. On 15 January 1904, Casals was invited to play at the White House for President Theodore Roosevelt . On 9 March of that year he made his debut at Carnegie Hall in New York, playing Richard Strauss 's Don Quixote under the baton of
779-543: The United Nations during their anniversary in 1963. He was initiated as an honorary member of the Epsilon Iota chapter of Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia music fraternity at Florida State University in 1963. He was later awarded the fraternity's Charles E. Lutton Man of Music Award in 1973. One of his last compositions was the "Hymn of the United Nations". He conducted its first performance in a special concert at
820-568: The United Nations on 24 October 1971, two months before his 95th birthday. On that day, the Secretary-General of the United Nations, U Thant , awarded Casals the U.N. Peace Medal in recognition of his stance for peace, justice and freedom. Casals accepted the medal and made his famous " I Am a Catalan " speech, where he stated that Catalonia had the first democratic parliament , long before England did. In 1973, invited by his friend Isaac Stern , Casals arrived at Jerusalem to conduct
861-596: The Venetian luthier Matteo Goffriller around 1700. Casals acquired it in 1913. He also played another cello by Goffriller dated 1710, and a Tononi from 1730. In 1950, he resumed his career as conductor and cellist at the Prades Festival in Conflent , organized in commemoration of the bicentenary of the death of Johann Sebastian Bach ; Casals agreed to participate on condition that all proceeds were to go to
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#1732793447547902-547: The accounts. He spent a great deal of effort in working with the orchestra and raising the level of technical accomplishment, so much so that he suffered a "nervous breakdown" at one point and had to rest for several months. However, after nine years of training, the Orquestra Pau Casals became recognized as one of the finer orchestras in Europe , attracting high quality soloists and guest conductors. Casals conducted
943-535: The age of 96, from complications of a heart attack he had had three weeks earlier. He was buried at Puerto Rico Memorial Cemetery in Carolina, Puerto Rico . He did not live to see the end of the Francoist State, which occurred two years later, but he was posthumously honoured by the Spanish government under King Juan Carlos I which in 1976 issued a commemorative postage stamp depicting Casals, in honour of
984-759: The bel canto school run by Napoleón Verger helped to improve the standard of singing in Spain and to endow opera stages with renowned figures, thus paving the way for the establishment of Spanish lyric drama. From 1886 to 1895, the Count of Morphy assumed a leading role as president of the Fine Arts section, he engaged with the activities of the society by giving lectures and by introducing the Ateneo to his own aesthetic principles, including his regenerationist agenda and his musical nationalism. He also extended invitations to some of
1025-422: The centenary of his birth. In 1979 his remains were interred in his hometown of El Vendrell, Tarragona. In 1989, Casals was posthumously awarded a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award . In 1959, American writer Max Eastman wrote of Casals: He is by common consent the greatest cellist that ever lived. Fritz Kreisler went farther and described him as "the greatest man who ever drew a bow." The southern part of
1066-482: The composer. In 1906, he became associated with the talented young Portuguese cellist Guilhermina Suggia , who studied with him and began to appear in concerts as Mme. P. Casals-Suggia, although they were not legally married. Their relationship ended in 1912. The New York Times of 9 April 1911 announced that Casals would perform at the London Musical Festival to be held at the Queen's Hall on
1107-690: The highway C-32 in Catalonia, Spain, is named Autopista de Pau Casals . The International Pau Casals Cello Competition is held in Kronberg and Frankfurt am Main , Germany, under the auspices of the Kronberg Academy once every four years, starting in 2000, to discover and further the careers of the future cello elite, and is supported by the Pau Casals Foundation, under the patronage of his widow, Marta Casals Istomin . One of
1148-532: The newly organised Quartet Society. In 1895, he traveled to Paris, where, having lost his stipend , he earned a living by playing second cello in the theatre orchestra of the Folies Marigny . In 1896, he returned to Spain and received an appointment to the faculty of the Escola Municipal de Música in Barcelona. He was also appointed principal cellist in the orchestra of Barcelona's opera house,
1189-454: The orchestra himself, and promoted it by playing with it exclusively as a soloist in Barcelona and refusing to play at other venues in the area. Casals organized his orchestral performances to appeal to the working-class people of Catalonia , and workmen and their families often attended, listening to Mozart , Beethoven and other classical repertoire. Dedicated to the ideal that everyone should appreciate and support music, Casals also founded
1230-487: The prizes is the use of one of the Gofriller cellos owned by Casals. The first top prize was awarded in 2000 to Claudio Bohórquez . Australian radio broadcaster Phillip Adams often fondly recalls Casals' 80th birthday press conference where, after complaining at length about the troubles of the world, he paused to conclude with the observation: "The situation is hopeless. We must take the next step". In Puerto Rico,
1271-639: The second day of the Festival (23 May). The piece chosen was Haydn 's Cello Concerto in D and Casals would later join Fritz Kreisler for Brahms 's Double Concerto for Violin and Cello . In 1914, Casals married the American socialite and singer Susan Metcalfe ; they were separated in 1928, but did not divorce until 1957. Although Casals made his first recordings in 1915 (a series for Columbia ), he would not release another recording until 1926 (on
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1312-591: The title Count Morphy on May 3, 1882. He published several studies and translated into Spanish a biography of Beethoven , and in 1892 entered the Royal Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando. He also served as director of the Royal Concert Society at the Teatro Real in Madrid until 1891. Morphy was also an acquaintance and benefactor of several notable musicians of the time, such as Tomás Bretón , Pablo Casals and Isaac Albéniz . The count
1353-657: The town of Ceiba , and lived in a house called "El Pessebre" (The Manger). He made an impact in the Puerto Rican music scene by founding the Puerto Rico Symphony Orchestra in 1958, and the Conservatory of Music of Puerto Rico in 1959. Casals appeared in the 1958 documentary film Windjammer . In the 1960s, Casals gave many master classes throughout the world in places such as Gstaad , Zermatt , Tuscany, Berkeley , and Marlboro . Several of these master classes were televised. On 13 November 1961, he performed in
1394-764: The youth orchestra and the Jerusalem Symphony Orchestra. The Jerusalem Music Center in Mishkenot Sha'ananim was inaugurated by Casals shortly before his death. The concert he conducted with the youth orchestra at the Jerusalem Khan Theater was the last concert he conducted. Casals' memoirs were taken down by Albert E. Kahn , and published as Joys and Sorrows: Pablo Casals, His Own Story (1970). Casals died in 1973 at Auxilio Mutuo Hospital in Hato Rey, Puerto Rico , at
1435-415: Was 13, he found a tattered copy of Bach's six cello suites in a second-hand music store in Barcelona. He spent the next 13 years practicing them every day before he would perform them in public for the first time. Casals would later make his own version of the six suites. He made prodigious progress as a cellist; on 23 February 1891 he gave a solo recital in Barcelona at the age of fourteen. He graduated from
1476-568: Was a Catalan and Puerto Rican cellist, composer, and conductor. He made many recordings throughout his career of solo, chamber, and orchestral music, including some as conductor, but he is perhaps best remembered for the recordings he made of the Cello Suites by Bach . He was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1963 by President John F. Kennedy (though the ceremony was presided over by Lyndon B. Johnson ). Casals
1517-458: Was a close friend of Albéniz in particular and was highly enthusiastic towards his talent, and it was Morphy who arranged for a grant for him to study at the Royal Conservatory of Brussels . Morphy also arranged for violinist Enrique Fernández Arbós to study under Henri Vieuxtemps in Brussels. Albéniz dedicated his composition Sevilla to Count Morphy's wife when he premiered in a piano performance in Paris on January 24, 1886. In late 1883,
1558-822: Was an ardent supporter of the Spanish Republican government , and after its defeat vowed not to return to Spain until democracy was restored. Casals performed at the Gran Teatre del Liceu on 19 October 1938, possibly his last performance in Spain before his exile. In the last weeks of 1936, he stayed in Prades , a small village in France near the Spanish border, where Casals would settle in 1939, in Pyrénées-Orientales , an historically Catalan region. Between 1939 and 1942 he made sporadic appearances as
1599-467: Was born in El Vendrell , Tarragona, Spain. His father, Carles Casals i Ribes, was a parish organist and choirmaster . He gave Casals instruction in piano, songwriting, violin, and organ. He was also a very strict disciplinarian. When Casals was young his father would pull the piano out from the wall and have him and his brother, Artur, stand behind it and name the notes and the scales that his father
1640-551: Was eleven, he first heard the real cello performed by a group of traveling musicians, and decided to dedicate himself to the instrument. His mother, Doña Pilar Defilló de Casals , was born in Mayagüez, Puerto Rico , to parents who were Catalan immigrants in Puerto Rico. In 1888, she took her son to Barcelona, where he was enrolled in the Escola Municipal de Música. There he studied cello, theory, and piano. In 1890, when he
1681-401: Was playing. At the age of four, Casals could play the violin, piano and flute; at the age of six he played the violin well enough to perform a solo in public. His first encounter with a cello-like instrument was from witnessing a local travelling Catalan musician , who played a cello-strung broom handle. Upon request, his father built him a crude cello, using a gourd as a sound-box. When Casals