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35-722: Orsini is a surname of Italian origin, originally derived from Latin ursinus ("bearlike") and originating as an epithet or sobriquet describing the name-bearer's purported strength. Notable people with the surname include the following: Aaron Paul Orsini , American researcher on the intersection of psychelics and neurodivergence Alessandro Orsini , Italian sociologist Angel Orsini , American wrestler and bodybuilder Felice Orsini (1819–1858), Italian revolutionary who attempted to assassinate Napoléon III Francesca Orsini , Italian scholar of South Asian literature Giambattista Orsini (d. 1503), Italian Catholic Cardinal instrumental in

70-424: A focus on epithet as a smear word,' writes David Binder, my longtime Times colleague, 'which was still a synonym for 'delineation' or 'characterization' in my big 1942 Webster's but now seems to be almost exclusively a synonym for 'derogation' or 'smear word.' ... In the past century, [epithet] blossomed as 'a word of abuse,' today gleefully seized upon to describe political smears." Descriptive bynames were given to

105-485: A modifier from the animate to the inanimate; for example, "cheerful money" and "suicidal sky". Orators take special care when using epithets so as to not use them as smear words. Orators could be accused of racial or abusive epithets if used incorrectly. American journalist William Safire discussed the use of the word in a 2008 column in The New York Times : "'I am working on a piece about nationalism with

140-520: A person to distinguish them from other people of the same name. In England bynames were used during the period when the use of surnames had not been extensively adopted. As an example the Domesday Book of 1086 identifies 40 individuals with the given name of "Richard". Most (40%), such as "Richard of Coursey" are identified with a locational byname, indicating where they came from, or in some cases where they lived. Others (25%), such as "Richard

175-459: A person's name or appear in place of their name, as what might be described as a glorified nickname or sobriquet , and for this reason some linguists have argued that they should be considered as pronouns . It has also been argued that epithets are a phenomenon with the syntax–semantics interface , because they have components of both, and also a pragmatic dimension. An epithet is linked to its noun by long-established usage. Not every adjective

210-422: A persuasive tactic. Orators have a variety of epithets that they can employ that have different meanings. The most common are fixed epithets and transferred epithets. A fixed epithet is the repetitive use of the same word or phrase for the same person or object. A transferred epithet qualifies a noun other than the person or thing it is describing. This is also known as a hypallage. This can often involve shifting

245-467: A reference to the mythological place of birth or numinous presence at a specific sanctuary: sacrifice might be offered on one and the same occasion to Pythian Apollo ( Apollo Pythios ) and Delphic Apollo ( Apollo Delphinios ). A localizing epithet refers simply to a particular center of veneration and the cultic tradition there, as the god manifested at a particular festival, for example: Zeus Olympios, Zeus as present at Olympia, or Apollo Karneios, Apollo at

280-450: Is " Apollo , [as] leader of the Muses " and therefore patron of the arts and sciences, while Phoibos Apollo is the same deity, but as shining sun-god. " Athena protects the city as polias , oversees handicrafts as ergane , joins battle as promachos and grants victory as nike ." Alternatively, the epithet may identify a particular and localized aspect of the god, such as

315-687: Is also sometimes called antonomasia , as a Cicero for an orator. The use of a father's name or ancestor's name, such as "Pelides" in the case of Achilles, or "Saturnia" in the case of the goddess Juno in Virgil's Aeneid , is specifically called a patronymic device and is in its own class of epithet. In William Shakespeare 's play Romeo and Juliet , epithets are used in the prologue, such as "star-cross'd lovers" and "death-mark'd love." Epithets were in layman's terms glorified nicknames that could be used to represent one's style, artistic nature, or even geographical reference. They originated to simply serve

350-443: Is an epithet. An epithet is especially recognizable when its function is largely decorative, such as if "cloud-gathering Zeus" is employed other than in reference to conjuring up a storm. "The epithets are decorative insofar as they are neither essential to the immediate context nor modeled especially for it. Among other things, they are extremely helpful to fill out a half-verse", Walter Burkert has noted. Some epithets are known by

385-475: Is different from Wikidata All set index articles Epithet The word epithet also may refer to an abusive, defamatory, or derogatory word or phrase. This use is criticized by Martin Manser and other proponents of linguistic prescription . H. W. Fowler noted in 1926 that " epithet is suffering a vulgarization that is giving it an abusive imputation." Epithets are sometimes attached to

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420-576: The epitheton Comes as companion of another (usually major) divinity. An epithet can even be meant for collective use, e.g., in Latin pilleati , "the felt hat-wearers" for the brothers Castor and Pollux . Some epithets resist explanation. Catholics, Eastern Orthodox Christians, and Christians of other churches practice the use of epithets in the veneration of Jesus (e.g., "Christ"; " Prince of Peace "; " The Good Shepherd "), of Mary, Mother of Jesus (e.g., " Mother of God "; " Panagia "), and of

455-1360: The surname Baer . If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name (s) to the link. v t e Family names derived from the word " bear " Germanic North Germanic: Bjorn , Bjornson /Björnsson West Germanic: Baer , Bähr , Bär , Bear , Beer , Beers , Behr , De Beer , Berson [REDACTED] Romance Iberian: Urso Italian: D'Urso , Orso , Orsi , Orsino , Orsini , Ourso Slavic Slavic: Medved , Medvedchuk , Medvedev , Medvedenko , Medvedko , Niedźwiedź , Nedvěd , Vedmid Other Baltic: Lācis Basque: Hartz Chinese: Xiong Estonian: Karu Finnish: Karhu , Karhunen Hungarian: Medve , Medveczky (borrowed from Slavic) Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baer&oldid=1256571255 " Categories : Surnames German-language surnames Americanized surnames Surnames of Jewish origin Surnames from nicknames Bears in human culture Hidden categories: Articles containing German-language text Articles with short description Short description

490-409: The surname Orsini . If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name (s) to the link. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orsini&oldid=1209926035 " Category : Surnames Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description

525-1088: The 1492 Papal Conclave Marina Orsini (born 1967), Canadian actress Nicolás Orsini (born 1994), Argentine footballer Richard Orsini , 13th-century ruler in Italy and the Balkans Umberto Orsini (born 1934), Italian stage, television, and film actor Valentino Orsini (1927–2001), Italian film director Orsini family , Italian noble family, including: Alessandro Orsini (cardinal) (1592–1626), cardinal Clarice Orsini (1453–1488), wife of Lorenzo de' Medici , Lady Of Florence, mother of Pope Leo X Fulvio Orsini (1529–1600), Italian historian Giordano Orsini (died 1438) (died 1438), 15th-century Italian cardinal Giordano Orsini (died 1173) (died 1173), Catholic prelate Giorgio Orsini (1410–1475), architect and sculptor Pope Nicholas III , born Giovanni Gaetano Orsini Giovanni Gaetano Orsini (cardinal) (c.1285–1335), nephew of Pope Nicholas III John II Orsini (died 1335), known as

560-840: The Despot of Epirus Latino Orsini (1411–1477), Catholic cardinal Latino Malabranca Orsini (d. 1294), Catholic prelate Matteo Orsini (d. 1340), Catholic prelate Napoleone Orsini (1420–1480), condottiero and papal commander Paolo Orsini (1369-1416) , condottiero Paolo Orsini (1450-1503) , condottiero Paolo Giordano I Orsini (1541–1585), first duke of Bracciano Paolo Giordano II Orsini (1591–1656), nobleman Pope Benedict XIII , born Pietro Francisco Orsini Rinaldo Orsini (d. 1450), Lord of Piombino Virginio Orsini (1434–1497), Lord of Bracciano See also [ edit ] All pages with titles containing Orsini Ursini (disambiguation) v t e Family names derived from

595-457: The Dutch province of Gelderland Frederik Johan van Baer (1645–1713), Dutch officer in the military service of William III of Orange Stanny van Baer (born 1942), Dutch model and beauty queen, Miss International 1961 See also [ edit ] Bahr (surname) Bähr , Bähr Bär Baire Bare (disambiguation) [REDACTED] Surname list This page lists people with

630-514: The Heavenly & Zeus the Protector of Guests" all the way to " Johnny Football & King James". American comic books tend to give epithets to superheroes , such as The Phantom being "The Ghost Who Walks", Superman called "The Man of Steel", and "The Dynamic Duo" Batman and Robin , who are individually known as "The Dark Knight" and "The Boy Wonder". Additionally, epíteto ,

665-720: The Latin term epitheton necessarium , as they are required to distinguish the bearers, as an alternative to numbers after a prince's name—such as Richard the Lionheart ( Richard I of England ), or Charles the Fat alongside Charles the Bald . The same epithet can be used repeatedly joined to different names, such as Alexander the Great as well as Constantine the Great . Other epithets can easily be omitted without serious risk of confusion and are therefore known as epitheton ornans . Thus,

700-640: The Olympian Gods with Zeus . But in specific cults there may be a different equation, based on one specific aspect of the divinity. Thus, the Greek word Trismegistos ("thrice grand") was first used as a Greek name for the Egyptian god of science and invention, Thoth , later as an epitheton for the Greek Hermes and, finally, the fully equated Roman Mercurius Mercury (both were messenger of

735-730: The Pirates John Baer (journalist) , American journalist, Philadelphia Daily News John Metz Baer , American educational psychologist John Miller Baer (1886–1970), American congressman from North Dakota John Willis Baer (1861–1931), American Presbyterian leader and college president Julius Baer (1857–1922), Swiss banker Karl Ernst von Baer (1792–1876), Estonian biologist Karl M. Baer (1885–1956), German-Israeli author and activist, first recorded person to undergo transgender sex reassignment surgery Kent Baer (born 1951), American football coach Larry Baer (born 1957), President and chief executive officer of

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770-1389: The San Francisco Giants Les Baer , founder of Les Baer Custom, Inc Libbie C. Riley Baer (1849–1929), American poet Max Baer (boxer) (1909–1959), American boxer Max Baer Jr. (born 1937), American actor and director Meridith Baer (born 1947), businesswoman, actress, and screenwriter Nicolai Reymers Baer (c. 1550–c. 1600), aka Ursus, German mathematician Susanne Baer (born 1964), German judge and legal scholar Parley Baer (1914–2002), American actor Paul Frank Baer (1894–1930), American fighter pilot Ralph H. Baer (1922–2014), American inventor Reinhold Baer (1902–1979), German mathematician Richard Baer (1911–1963), German Nazi SS concentration camp commandant Richard Baer (screenwriter) (1928–2008), American screenwriter Robert Baer (born 1952), American CIA officer and writer Steve Baer (1938–2024), American inventor Thomas M. Baer , American physicist Will Christopher Baer (born 1966), American writer William Jacob Baer (1860–1941), American painter Vladimir Baer (1853–1905), Russian captain Yitzhak Baer (1888–1980), German-born Israeli historian Van Baer [ edit ] Van Baer (family) , Middle Age noble family from

805-545: The Spanish version of epithet, is commonly used throughout poems in Castilian literature. In many polytheistic religions, such as those of ancient India and Iran (the most ancient of which go back to a common Indo-Iranian period), Greece and Rome, a deity's epithets generally reflected a particular aspect of that god's essence and role, for which their influence may be obtained for a specific occasion: Apollo Musagetes

840-647: The Spartan Carneian festival . Often the epithet is the result of fusion of the Olympian divinity with an older one. Poseidon Erechtheus and Artemis Orthia reflect intercultural equations of a divinity with an older one that is generally considered its pendan. Thus, most Roman gods and goddesses, especially the Twelve Olympians , had traditional counterparts in Greek, Etruscan, and most other Mediterranean pantheons, such as Jupiter as head of

875-609: The argument had been stated at length." With persuasion being a key component of rhetoric, it is rational to use epithets. The use of persuasive wording gives leverage to one's arguments. Knowledge along with descriptive words or phrases can be a powerful tool. This is supported in Bryan Short's article when he states, "The New Rhetoric derives its empiricist flavor from a pervasive respect for clarity and directness of language." Rhetoricians use epithets to direct their audience to see their point of view, using verbal forms of imagery as

910-403: The butler" and "Richard the bald" are identified with an occupational or a personally descriptive byname. Some of the individuals, such as Richard Basset , made use of what would now be recognized as a surname. The distinction between a byname and a surname is that the byname is not usually heritable, and may change for any given person as his circumstances change. Richard the Bald, for example,

945-546: The classical Roman author Virgil systematically called his main hero pius Aeneas , the epithet being pius , meaning religiously observant, humble and wholesome, as well as calling the armsbearer of Aeneas fidus Achates , the epithet being fidus , which means faithful or loyal. Epithets are characteristic of the style of ancient epic poetry , notably in that of Homer or the northern European sagas (see above, as well as epithets in Homer ). When James Joyce uses

980-508: The gods). Among the Greeks, T.H. Price notes that the nurturing power of Kourotrophos might be invoked in sacrifices and recorded in inscription, without specifically identifying Hera or Demeter . Some epithets were applied to several deities of the same pantheon rather accidentally if they had a common characteristic, or deliberately, emphasizing their blood or other ties. Thus, in pagan Rome, several divinities gods and heroes were given

1015-1532: The mill", while another might be described as "John Smith the short". Baer For other uses, see BAER (disambiguation) . [REDACTED] Look up Baer , baer , or bær in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Baer (or Bär , from German: bear ) or Van Baer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: Baer [ edit ] Alan Baer , American tuba player Arthur "Bugs" Baer (1886–1969), American journalist and humorist Buddy Baer (1915–1986), American boxer Byron Baer (1929–2007), American politician Carl Baer (1918–1996), American basketball player Clara Gregory Baer (1863–1938), American inventor of netball, Newcomb ball and author of first rules of women's basketball Dale Baer (1950–2021), American character animator Donald M. Baer (1931–2002), American developmental psychologist Eric Baer (born 1932), American polymer researcher George A. Baer (1903–1994), German/Swiss/American bookbinder George Baer Jr. (1763–1834), American politician George Frederick Baer (1842–1914), American lawyer and executive Harold Baer Jr. (1933–2014), American judge Jack Baer (1914–2002), American college baseball coach Jack Baer (art dealer) (1924–2016), British art dealer Jo Baer (born 1929), American painter associated with minimalist art John Baer (actor) (1923–2006), American actor, Terry and

1050-521: The orator. "It will generally happen, that the Epithets employed by a skillful orator, will be found to be, in fact, so many abridged arguments, the force of which is sufficiently conveyed by a mere hint; e.g., if any one says, 'We ought to take warning from the bloody revolution of France,' the Epithet suggests one of the reasons for our being warned; and that, not less clearly, and more forcibly, than if

1085-401: The phrase "the snot-green sea" he is playing Homer's familiar epithet "the wine-dark sea". The phrase "Discreet Telemachus " is also considered an epithet. The Greek term antonomasia , in rhetoric, means substituting any epithet or phrase for a proper name, as "Pelides", signifying the "son of Peleus", to identify Achilles . An opposite substitution of a proper name for some generic term

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1120-429: The purpose of dealing with names that were hard to pronounce or just unpleasant. It from there went to something that could be very significant assigned by elders or counterparts to represent one's position in the community, or it could be a representation of whomever one wanted to be or thought he was. The elegance of this movement was used throughout history and even modern day, with many examples ranging from "Aphrodite

1155-545: The saints (e.g., " Pope Saint John Paul the Great , Saint Theophan the Recluse "). " Our Lady of Lourdes " is essentially periphrasis , except where some aspect of the Virgin is invoked. An epithet is an adjective or adjectival phrase that characterizes a place, a thing, or a person that helps make the characteristics of this thing more prominent. These descriptive phrases can be used in a positive or negative way that benefits

1190-697: The word " bear " Germanic North Germanic: Bjorn , Bjornson /Björnsson West Germanic: Baer , Bähr , Bär , Bear , Beer , Beers , Behr , De Beer , Berson [REDACTED] Romance Iberian: Urso Italian: D'Urso , Orso , Orsi , Orsino , Orsini , Ourso Slavic Slavic: Medved , Medvedchuk , Medvedev , Medvedenko , Medvedko , Niedźwiedź , Nedvěd , Vedmid Other Baltic: Lācis Basque: Hartz Chinese: Xiong Estonian: Karu Finnish: Karhu , Karhunen Hungarian: Medve , Medveczky (borrowed from Slavic) [REDACTED] Surname list This page lists people with

1225-455: Was presumably not always bald, and Richard of Brampton may not have always lived at Brampton. The use of bynames did not end with the adoption of surnames. In some cases, before the adoption of middle names, government records, such as taxes lists, included people with both the same given name and the same surname. This led to the use of bynames to further distinguish the person. For example, one "John Smith" might be described as "John Smith of

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