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26-689: The toponym comes from the original name of the Porta San Paolo , a gate in the city walls of Rome, was Porta Ostiensis , because it was located at the beginning of Via Ostiense . It now houses the Via Ostiense Museum. In the late 9th century, a fortified settlement developed around the Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls : the village took the name of Giovannipoli after Pope John VIII , who built it for defense purposes after

52-661: A Saracen raid. Ostiense is amongst the first 15 quartieri that sprung in 1911 and were officially established in 1921. It began to sprawl in 1907, after the mayor Ernesto Nathan promoted the creation of an industrial area at the beginning of the Via Ostiense ; then, after the 1909 town plan was approved, a fluvial harbour, the Mercati Generali , a prominent gasometer and the Centrale Montemartini (a former power station now housing part of

78-401: A square tower every 100 Roman feet (29.6 m (97 ft)). In the 4th century, remodelling doubled the height of the walls to 16 m (52 ft). By 500 AD, the circuit possessed 383 towers, 7,020 crenellations , 18 main gates, 5 postern gates , 116 latrines , and 2,066 large external windows. By the third century AD, the boundaries of Rome had grown far beyond the area enclosed by

104-456: A statement that Aurelian trusted that the people of Rome would remain loyal, as well as serving as a public declaration of the emperor's firm hold on power. The construction of the walls was by far the largest building project that had taken place in Rome for many decades, and their construction was a concrete statement of the continued strength of Rome. The construction project was unusually left to

130-558: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Porta San Paolo The Porta San Paolo (English: Saint Paul Gate) is one of the southern gates in the 3rd-century Aurelian Walls of Rome , Italy . The Via Ostiense Museum ( museo della Via Ostiense ) is housed within the gatehouse. It is in the Ostiense quarter; just to the west is the Roman Pyramid of Cestius , an Egyptian -style pyramid , and beyond that

156-465: Is flanked by two cylindrical towers, and has two entrances, which had been covered by a second, single-opening gate, built in front of the first by the Byzantine general Belisarius (530s–540s). The structure is due to Maxentius , in the 4th century, but the two towers were heightened by Honorius . Its original— Latin —name was Porta Ostiensis , since it opened on the way to Ostia . Later, it

182-483: Is the Protestant Cemetery . The original name of the gate was Porta Ostiensis , as it was located at the beginning of via Ostiense , the road that connected Rome and Ostia . Via Ostiense was an important arterial road, as evidenced by the fact that upon entering the gate of the same name, the road split, with one direction leading to the famous Emporium , the great market of Rome. The gatehouse

208-572: Is the city's main hub and home to Italian food market chain Eataly , world's biggest store. The quartiere is positioned in the south metropolitan area of Rome, close to the left bank of the Tiber . It comprises the area near the Via Ostiense from the Porta San Paolo to the Magliana Viaduct . The neighborhood of Garbatella is comprised within its official borders. The territory of

234-713: The Capitoline Museum 's collection of classical sculpture) were built. The landmarks in the quarter include the Centrale Montemartini and the Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls . Other landmarks include the Roma Ostiense railway station and most of the University of Rome III campus. The railway station is home to the Italian railway company Nuovo Trasporto Viaggiatori . It

260-564: The Magliana Viaduct . To the west, Ostiense borders with Quartiere Portuense (Q. XI), the border being marked by the stretch of the Tiber between the Magliana Viaduct and Ponte dell'Industria . The main roads and squares of Quartiere Ostiense are: The squares and the roads of the quartiere are chiefly named after explorers and missionaries. Local toponyms can be categorized as follows: 41°51′49″N 12°28′44″E  /  41.863651°N 12.478911°E  / 41.863651; 12.478911 This Rome -related article

286-418: The quartiere shares a border with Quartiere Ardeatino (Q. XX), whose boundary is outlined by a portion of Via Cristoforo Colombo , between Via di Porta Ardeatina and Via Laurentina , and by a stretch of Via Laurentina itself, between Via Cristoforo Colombo and Via delle Tre Fontane. Southward, Ostiense borders with Quartiere Europa (Q. XXXII), from which is separated by Via delle Tre Fontane and by

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312-622: The seven hills of Rome plus the Campus Martius and, on the right bank of the Tiber , the Trastevere district. The river banks within the city limits appear to have been left unfortified, although they were fortified along the Campus Martius. The size of the entire enclosed area is 1,400 hectares (3,500 acres). The wall cut through populated areas: in reality the city at the time embraced 2,400 hectares (5,900 acres). Pliny

338-635: The Elder in the first century AD suggested that the densely populated areas, extrema tectorum ("the limits of the roofed areas") extended 2.8 kilometres (1.7 mi) from the Golden Milestone in the Forum (Natural History 3.67). The full circuit ran for 19 km (12 mi) surrounding an area of 13.7 km (5.3 sq mi). The walls were constructed in brick-faced concrete, 3.5 m (11 ft) thick and 8 m (26 ft) high, with

364-490: The citizens themselves to complete as Aurelian could not afford to spare a single legionary for the project. The root of this unorthodox practice was the imminent threat of the foreign tribes coupled with the wavering strength of the military as a whole due to being subject to years of bloody civil war, famine and the Plague of Cyprian . The walls were built in the short time of only five years, though Aurelian himself died before

390-547: The city, with 570 casualties. [REDACTED] Media related to Porta San Paolo (Rome) at Wikimedia Commons Aurelian Walls The Aurelian Walls ( Italian : Mura aureliane ) are a line of city walls built between 271 AD and 275 AD in Rome , Italy , during the reign of the Roman Emperor Aurelian . They superseded the earlier Servian Wall built during the 4th century BC. The walls enclosed all

416-733: The completion of the project. Progress was accelerated, and money saved, by incorporating existing buildings into the structure. These included the Amphitheatrum Castrense , the Castra Praetoria , the Pyramid of Cestius , and even a section of the Aqua Claudia aqueduct near the Porta Maggiore . As much as a sixth of the walls is estimated to have been composed of pre-existing structures. An area behind

442-654: The construction of the Leonine walls from 848 to 852 to encircle Vatican Hill . The Aurelian Walls continued as a significant military defense for the city of Rome until 20 September 1870, when the Bersaglieri of the Kingdom of Italy breached the wall near the Porta Pia and captured Rome . The walls also defined the boundary of the city of Rome up until the 19th century, with the built-up area being confined within

468-437: The military intention of the wall was not to withstand prolonged siege warfare; it was not common for the invading armies to besiege cities, as they were insufficiently equipped and provisioned for such a task. Instead, they carried out hit-and-run raids against ill-defended targets. The wall was a deterrent against such tactics. Parts of the wall were doubled in height by Maxentius in the period 306 - 312 AD, who also improved

494-633: The need for updated defences became acute during the crisis of the Third Century , when various tribes moved through the Germanic frontier and the Roman army struggled to stop them. In 270, groups of Juthungi and Vandals invaded northern Italy , inflicting a severe defeat on the Romans at Placentia (modern Piacenza ) before eventually being driven back. Further trouble broke out in Rome itself in

520-586: The old Servian Wall , built during the Republican period in the late 4th century BC. Rome had remained unfortified during the subsequent centuries of expansion and consolidation due to lack of hostile threats against the city. The citizens of Rome took great pride in knowing that Rome required no fortifications because of the stability brought by the Pax Romana and the protection of the Roman army . However,

546-623: The quarter includes the urban zone 11A Ostiense of the Municipio VIII . The quartiere borders, to the north, with Rione Testaccio (R. XX), from which is separated by the stretch of the Aurelian Walls between the river Tiber and Porta San Paolo , and with Rione San Saba (R. XXI), from which is separated by the stretch of the Aurelian Walls between the said Porta San Paolo and Porta Ardeatina . Eastward,

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572-405: The summer of 271, when the mint workers rose in rebellion . Several thousand people died in the fierce fighting that resulted. Aurelian's construction of the walls as an emergency measure was a reaction to the invasion of 270; the historian Aurelius Victor states explicitly that the project aimed to alleviate the city's vulnerability. It may also have been intended to send a political signal as

598-636: The walled area. The Aurelian Walls remain remarkably well-preserved today, largely the result of their constant use as Rome's primary fortification until the 19th century. The Museo delle Mura near the Porta San Sebastiano offers information on the walls' construction and how the defenses operated. The best-preserved sections of the walls are found from the Muro Torto (Villa Borghese) to Corso d'Italia to Castro Pretorio; from Porta San Giovanni to Porta Ardeatina ; from Porta Ostiense to

624-468: The walls was cleared and sentry passages were built to enable it to be reinforced quickly in an emergency. The actual effectiveness of the wall is disputable, given the relatively small size of the city's garrison. The entire combined strength of the Praetorian Guard , cohortes urbanae , and vigiles of Rome was only about 25,000 men – far too few to defend the circuit adequately. However,

650-622: The watch-towers. In 401, under Honorius , the walls and the gates were improved. At this time, the Tomb of Hadrian across the Tiber was incorporated as a fortress in the city defenses. The Aurelian Walls halted the Arab raid against Rome in 846 and limited the raiders' pillaging, sacking, and plundering of historic treasures to sites outside the walls, including the basilicas of Old St Peter's and St Paul's-Outside-the-Walls . This vulnerability prompted

676-695: Was renamed to the Italian Porta San Paolo , because it was the exit of Rome that led to the Basilica of St. Paul Outside the Walls . In 549, Rome was under siege ; the Ostrogoths of Totila entered through this gate, because of the treason of the Isaurian garrison. On 10 September 1943, two days after the armistice between the Allies and Italy had been agreed, Italian military and civil forces tried to block German seizure of

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