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40-522: By December 2017, the commission had banned 43 athletes from the Olympics for life, and retroactively disqualified them from their Sochi Olympic events with 13 medals being stripped. 30 of the 43 athletes later successfully appealed to the Court of Arbitration for Sport and had their sanctions overturned; and another 12 had their doping rulings confirmed, but had their lifetime bans commuted to bans for only

80-682: A Russian former lab director made allegations about the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi , WADA commissioned an independent investigation led by Richard McLaren . McLaren's investigation found corroborating evidence, concluding in a report published in July 2016 that the Ministry of Sport and the FSB had operated a "state-directed failsafe system" using a "disappearing positive [test] methodology" (DPM) from "at least late 2011 to August 2015". The IOC established

120-542: A break from his professional arm wrestling career to return to bobsleigh training until 2007. As of 2007, Alexey Voyevoda returned to the arm wrestling scene once again, winning a vendetta match 6–0 against Michael Todd in Bulgaria on 26 May. After that brief comeback, he resigned from the arm wrestling scene due to his bobsleigh and Olympic judo training until February 2016. In February 2016, Voyevoda decided to return to arm wrestling and faced Tim Bresnan, but failed to produce

160-695: A bronze in the two-man event. At the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Voyevoda initially won a gold medal in the two-man event and a gold medal in the four-man event. Voyevoda received the Order For Merit to the Fatherland Award 4th class with Russian President Vladimir Putin handing the state awards. On 24 November 2017, he was stripped of the 2014 Olympic medals by the International Olympic Committee , following

200-502: A combined 3 medals were found guilty of doping. The total was brought to ten when four skeleton racers were disqualified on November 22, 2017, two medals (gold and bronze) were stripped off. On November 24, 2017 the IOC imposed life bans on bobsledder Alexandr Zubkov and speed skater Olga Fatkulina who won a combined 3 medals (2 gold, 1 silver). Olga Stulneva and Aleksandr Rumyantsev were also disqualified. All their results were wiped from

240-461: A good deal of recognition as a professional arm wrestler , having also secured several Russian arm wrestling championships. His triumph over legendary arm-wrestler John Brzenk was immortalized in the feature-length documentary, "Pulling John", directed by Vassiliki Khonsari and Sevan Matossian. The film "Pulling John" also chronicles his life and training in Russia. He was defeated by Travis Bagent at

280-853: A greater variety of design applications for the Winter Games; unlike with the Summer Games, the IOC never mandated one particular design. The medal at the inaugural 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix , France did not even feature the Olympic rings . Nike was featured on the medals of the 1932 and 1936 Games but has only appeared on one medal design since then. One regular motif is the use of the snowflake, while laurel leaves and crowns appear on several designs. The Olympic motto Citius, Altius, Fortius features on four Winter Games medals but does not appear on any Summer Games medal. For three events in

320-523: A new style by designer Elena Votsi depicting the Panathenaic Stadium was introduced at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens . This new obverse design remains in use. The German Olympic Committee, Nationales Olympisches Komitee für Deutschland , was the first Summer Games organisers to elect to change the reverse of the medal. The 1972 design was created by Gerhard Marcks , an artist from

360-495: A row, hosts of the Winter Games included different materials in the medals: glass (1992), sparagmite (1994), and lacquer (1998). It was not until the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing , China that a Summer Olympic host chose to use something different, in this case, jade . While every Summer Olympic medal except for the 1900 Games has been circular, the shapes of the Winter Games have been considerably more varied. The designs for

400-542: A separate ceremony on the evening of or the evening after competition. At the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City , the "medals plaza" was popularized as a way for the public to see presentations that would have otherwise taken place at far-flung, low-capacity or high-altitude venues and to have an evening program that often included musical performances. Alexey Voyevoda Alexey Ivanovich Voyevoda ( Russian : Алексей Иванович Воевода ; born 9 May 1980)

440-632: A space was left for the name of the Olympic host and the Games numeral. The reverse features a crowd of people carrying a triumphant athlete. His winning design was first presented at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam . The medals for the 1960 Games in Rome inverted the design, with the obverse featuring the crowd and the reverse featuring Nike. The competition saw this design used for 40 years until

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480-617: Is a Russian bobsledder , professional arm wrestler and politician . A professional bobsleigher since 2002, Voyevoda won silver in the four-man bobsleigh event with teammates Philippe Egorov , Alexei Seliverstov , and Alexandre Zoubkov at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin . He also won a bronze in the two-man event at the 2008 FIBT World Championships in Altenberg, Germany . At the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver , Voyevoda won

520-455: Is a tie for any of the top three places all competitors are entitled to receive the appropriate medal according to IOC rules. Some combat sports (such as boxing , judo , taekwondo and wrestling ) award two bronze medals per competition, resulting in, overall, more bronze medals being awarded than the other colours. Medals are not the only awards given to competitors; every athlete placed first to eighth receives an Olympic diploma . Also, at

560-648: Is laid out in detail in the Olympic protocols. Medal designs have varied considerably since the Games in 1896, particularly in the size of the medals for the Summer Olympic Games . The design selected for the 1928 Games remained until its replacement at the 2004 Games in Athens , where the use of the Roman Colosseum was replaced by the Greek Panathenaic Stadium , appropriate to represent Olympic values. The medals of

600-607: The 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich became the first Games with a different design for the reverse side of the medal. Cassioli's design continued to inspire the obverse of the medal for many more years, though recreated each time, with the Olympic host and numeral updated. The obverse remained true to the Trionfo design until the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona , Spain, where the IOC allowed an updated version to be created. For

640-624: The 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang. One athlete did not appeal. The IOC banned Russia from competing at Pyeongchang as a result of the scandal, instead inviting 169 Russian athletes to compete as "Olympic Athletes from Russia" under the Olympic flag rather than under the Russian flag. Media attention began growing in December 2014 when German broadcaster ARD aired the documentary "Top Secret Doping: How Russia makes its Winners", alleging

680-550: The Bauhaus , and features mythological twins Castor and Pollux . Since then the Organising Committee of the host city has been given the freedom of the design of the reverse, with the IOC giving final approval. The IOC has the final decision on the specifications of each design for all Olympic medals, including the Summer Games, Winter Games , Summer Paralympic Games and Winter Paralympic Games . There has been

720-588: The Greek goddess of victory, on the obverse and the Acropolis on the reverse. They were made by the Paris Mint , which also made the medals for the 1900 Olympic Games, hosted by Paris. This started the tradition of giving the responsibility of minting the medals to the host city. For the next few Olympiads, the host city also chose the medal design. Until 1912 the gold medals were made of solid gold. In 1923

760-459: The International Olympic Committee (IOC) launched a competition for sculptors to design the medals for the Summer Olympic Games . Giuseppe Cassioli 's Trionfo design was chosen as the winner in 1928. The obverse brought back Nike but this time as the main focus, holding a winner's crown and palm with a depiction of the Colosseum in the background. In the top right section of the medal,

800-480: The Solar System around the logo, marking the Games coinciding with Chinese New Year festivities Since the beginning of the modern Olympics the athletes and their support staffs, event officials, and certain volunteers involved in planning and managing the games have received commemorative medals and diplomas. Like the winners' medals, these are changed for each Olympic Festival, with different ones issued for

840-539: The Winter Olympic Games never had a common design, but regularly feature snowflakes and the event where the medal has been won. In addition to generally supporting their Olympic athletes, some countries provide sums of money and gifts to medal winners, depending on the classes and number of medals won. In the 2024 Paris Games , 33 countries confirmed that they would award prizes to medallists, with 15 awarding cash prizes over $ 100,000. The olive wreath

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880-749: The inaugural Olympics in 1896 in Athens , Greece. The winners were instead given a silver medal and an olive branch, whilst runners-up received a laurel branch and a copper or bronze medal . The 1900 Summer Olympics is unique in being the only Olympic Games to feature rectangular medals, which were designed by Frédérique Vernon . Gilt silver medals were awarded for 1st place in shooting, lifesaving, automobile racing and gymnastics. Second place silver medals were awarded in shooting, rowing, yachting, tennis, gymnastics, sabre, fencing, equestrian and athletics. Third place bronze medals were awarded in gymnastics, firefighting and shooting. In many sports, however, medals were not awarded. With most of

920-535: The 1960 Summer Olympics, competitors in the Stadio Olimpico received their medals immediately after each event for the first time; competitors at other venues came to the Stadio Olimpico the next day to receive their medals. Later Games have had a victory podium at each competition venue. The 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome , Italy were the first in which the medals were placed around the neck of

960-592: The 2003 WAF championship, but won the Zloty Tur 2004 cup one year later, defeating high level arm wrestlers such as Bagent, Brzenk, Matt Girdner, and Alexey Semerenko. Voyevoda reclaimed the WAF championship in 2004 (left- and right-handed) and won the European Championship the same year. After a left-hand vendetta match with Alexey Semerenko (winning 4–2) and Travis Bagent (losing 5–1) in 2005, Voyevoda took

1000-718: The Colosseum should remain. The Greek press criticised the design for ignorance of the birthplace of the Olympic Games, pointing out that the long-standing feature on the front of medals was mistakenly depicting the Roman Colosseum rather than the Greek Parthenon . The Sydney Organising Committee decided to continue with the design as it was, noting that there was insufficient time to complete another version and that it would be too costly. After 76 years

1040-641: The Disciplinary Commission and the Inquiry Commissions in July 2016, following the publication of the McLaren Report . The IOC took this measure since Prof. McLaren did not have the authority to bring forward Anti-Doping Rule Violation (ADRV) cases against individual athletes. After receiving the results from the final McLaren Report in December 2016, the IOC opened proceedings against the 28 Russian athletes mentioned in

1080-749: The Winter Games medals are also generally larger, thicker, and heavier than those for the Summer Games. Details about the medals from each of the Summer Olympic Games: (The Rome games were the first to place the medal around the athletes neck) Details about the medals from each of the Winter Olympic Games: Reverse: Hangul messages "symbolising the effort of athletes from around the world" Edge: words "Olympic Winter Games Pyeongchang 2018" in Korean (stylized) and English Reverse: A stylized depiction of

1120-582: The anti-doping violations committed by his teammates was sanctioned on December 18, 2017. Eleven athletes were banned on December 22, 2017. Among them, silver medalists Albert Demchenko and Tatiana Ivanova who were stripped of their medals. Olympic medal An Olympic medal is awarded to successful competitors at one of the Olympic Games . There are three classes of medal to be won: gold , silver , and bronze , awarded to first, second, and third place, respectively. The granting of awards

1160-524: The athletes. The medals hung from a chain of laurel leaves, while they are now hung from a coloured ribbon. When Athens hosted the 2004 Summer Olympics the competitors on the podium also received an olive wreath crown. In the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro , each medalist received a wooden statuette of the Olympic logo. It is customary for many medals at the Winter Olympics to be presented in

1200-464: The doping violation of his bobsledding partner Aleksandr Zubkov . On 18 December 2017, Voyevoda received a personal lifetime ban from the Olympic Games due to doping violations at the 2014 Winter Olympics. On 1 February 2018, the CAS removed the sanctions from Alexey Negodaylo and Dmitry Trunenkov in bobsleigh, but upheld them on their teammates Alexandr Zubkov and Alexey Voyevoda. Voyevoda holds

1240-902: The existence of a sophisticated, state-sponsored doping system within the All-Russia Athletic Federation , and comparing it to doping in East Germany . In November 2015, the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) published a report and the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) suspended Russia indefinitely from world track and field events. The United Kingdom Anti-Doping agency later assisted WADA with testing in Russia. In June 2016, they reported that they were unable to fully carry out their work and noted intimidation by armed Federal Security Service (FSB) agents. After

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1280-541: The listed prizes being cups and other trophies. The custom of the sequence of gold , silver , and bronze for the first three places in all events dates from the 1904 Summer Olympics in St. Louis, Missouri in the United States . The International Olympic Committee (IOC) has retroactively assigned gold, silver and bronze medals to the three best-placed athletes in each event of the 1896 and 1900 Games. If there

1320-640: The main host stadium, the names of all medal winners are written onto a wall. Finally, as noted below, all athletes receive a participation medal and diploma. The IOC dictates the physical properties of the medals and has the final decision about the finished design. Specifications for the medals are developed along with the National Olympic Committee (NOC) hosting the Games, though the IOC has brought in some set rules: The first Olympic medals in 1896 were designed by French sculptor Jules-Clément Chaplain and depicted Zeus holding Nike ,

1360-613: The next few events , they mandated the use of the Nike motif but allowed other aspects to change. The trend ended after 2000, due to the negative reaction to the medal design for the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney . The designer of the 2000 medal ( Wojciech Pietranik ) had originally featured the Sydney Opera House on the obverse instead of the traditional Roman Colosseum but the International Olympic Committee decided that

1400-606: The record, meaning that Russia lost its first place in the medal standings. On November 27, 2017 IOC sanctioned Olga Vilukhina , Yana Romanova , Sergey Chudinov , Alexey Negodaylo , and Dmitry Trunenkov , and stripped Vilyukhina and Romanova of their medals in biathlon. 3 athletes who didn't win medals were sanctioned on November 29, 2017. 2 days later Olga Zaitseva who won silver in biathlon and two other athletes were also disqualified. On December 12, 2017 six Russian ice hockey players were disqualified. Bobsledder Alexey Voyevoda who had been already stripped of his gold medals due to

1440-574: The report (the number later rose to 46, which are now being heard by the Oswald Commission. On November 1, 2017 a cross-country skier Alexander Legkov who won a gold medal was disqualified and banned for life by the Commission. His Sochi results were wiped from the record. A second Russian cross-country skier who didn't get to the podium was also disqualified and banned for life. 8 days later four more Russian cross-country skiers who won

1480-542: The skills and power he once had, ultimately losing the fight 5–1. On 24 June 2023, Voyevoda signed a contract to face John Brzenk at King of the Table 8 on 23 September 2023. He lost the match 4-2 and stated that he was unsure of his future in arm wrestling. Following the September 2016 elections in Russia , Voyevoda became a state deputy from Krasnodar Krai , representing the ruling party, United Russia . Voyevoda

1520-502: The summer and winter games. The presentation of the medals and awards varied significantly until the 1932 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles brought in what has now become standard. Before 1932 all the medals were awarded at the closing ceremony, with the athletes wearing evening dress for the first few Games. Originally the presenting dignitary was stationary while the athletes filed past to receive their medals. The victory podium

1560-408: Was introduced upon the personal instruction in 1931 of Henri de Baillet-Latour , who had seen one used at the 1930 British Empire Games . The winner is in the middle at a higher elevation, with the silver medallist to the right and the bronze to the left. At the 1932 Winter Olympics , medals were awarded in the closing ceremony, with athletes for each event in turn mounting the first-ever podium. At

1600-532: Was the prize for the winner at the Ancient Olympic Games . It was an olive branch, off the wild-olive tree that grew at Olympia , intertwined to form a circle or a horse-shoe. According to Pausanias , it was introduced by Heracles as a prize for the winner of the running race to honour Zeus . When the modern Olympic Games began in 1896 medals started to be given to successful olympian competitors. However, gold medals were not awarded at

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