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70-540: The Ottaway organization was founded in by James H. Ottaway Sr., owner of the Endicott Daily Bulletin of Endicott, NY , in 1936. It had grown to nine newspapers in the northeastern United States by 1970, when it was acquired by Dow Jones & Company , publisher of The Wall Street Journal , and later a subsidiary of Rupert Murdoch 's News Corporation . Following the 2013 split of News Corporation into 21st Century Fox and News Corp , News Corp sold

140-469: A "Square Deal" for everyone, IBM began building a factory complex just to the east of the Endicott-Johnson factories. The factory complex centered at North Street and McKinley Avenue expanded rapidly in the late 1930s and early 1940s. Endicott was the original location of all IBM manufacturing, research, and development from the early 1920s through World War II. The outbreak of World War II and

210-503: A 350-acre (1.4 km ) swath south of the plant. The main chemical was the liquid cleaning agent trichloroethylene (TCE), which has been linked to cancer and other illnesses. Following an initial feasibility assessment, in 2008, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) began a health study of former IBM Endicott employees to determine if they are more likely to develop certain types of cancer than

280-595: A branch of Syracuse University , was started in Endicott in 1946, using buildings donated by IBM and Endicott-Johnson. The college became Harpur College once it was adopted into the SUNY system, and moved to its present location in Vestal , where it is now known as Binghamton University (BU). BU has seen rapid expansion from 2000 onward and now has a secondary campus in downtown Binghamton. While originally associated with BU,

350-526: A chess and checkers club. For workers, the Square Deal consisted of a chance to buy E-J built and E-J financed homes, a profit sharing program, health care from factory-funded medical facilities and later (built in 1949) two worker recreational facilities. But the Square Deal was more than an employee benefit program. E-J and the Johnson family also provided and helped to finance two libraries, theaters,

420-767: A daily within a year. Ottaway added the Oneonta Star in 1944, followed two years later by the Pocono Record . The company was a seller more often than a buyer in the 2000s (decade), however, and several observers—including the New York Post , The Boston Globe and Ottaway's own Cape Cod Times —speculated that News Corporation intended to sell all or part of the company in the near future. Under Dow Jones' ownership, Ottaway sold several newspapers in recent years, however, most recently in December 2006, when

490-409: A day or two that they were never even able to ask because of the months of clerk time that would have been required. By the 1930s IBM was the leading company in the world in electromechanical data processing and had contracts with a number of government agencies, notably the original Social Security contract. Encouraged by George F. Johnson, who saw Endicott as the world's first industrial "park" with

560-473: A female householder with no husband present, and 50.6% were non-families. 41.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.14 and the average family size was 2.91. In the village, the population was spread out, with 21.3% under the age of 18, 9.8% from 18 to 24, 26.9% from 25 to 44, 26.1% from 45 to 64, and 15.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age

630-581: A founding member of the Endicott Johnson Corporation shoe manufacturing company, who founded the community as the "Home of the Square Deal". The village of Endicott is in the town of Union and is west of the city of Binghamton. The community is served by the Greater Binghamton Airport /Edwin A. Link Field. It is part of the " Triple Cities ", along with Binghamton and Johnson City . The village of Endicott

700-457: A golf course, swimming pools, carousels, parks and food markets, many of which were available to the community without charge. Reminders of the source of that generosity were inescapable: Endicott was a community planned by E-J and incorporated in 1906. It was named after Henry B. Endicott (one of the grade schools was named Henry B,) who owned the business that became E-J. Lestershire was renamed Johnson City, New York in honor of George F. All of

770-565: A large labor pool and initiated a recruitment program aimed at southern Italy and the Slavic countries and so Endicott became a small town with a rich ethnic mix. Many of the sons and daughters of these immigrants graduated from Union-Endicott High School and went on to become teachers, doctors, lawyers, engineers, and successful business people. Very few went to work in the factories. The entrance to Johnson City on Main Street from Binghamton

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840-413: A line of E-J shoes, and later in the renaming of the hamlet of Hooper to Endwell, New York ) were part of E-J's ongoing public relations campaign to discourage unionizing by convincing workers that E-J's Square Deal was the "ideal" relationship between capital and labor. At the same time labor organizer Samuel Gompers visited E-J on several occasions, and spent time with both rank and file employees and with

910-413: A local dry cleaner and other polluters were also found. Despite the amount of pollutant, state health officials could not verify whether air or water pollution in Endicott has actually caused any health problems. According to city officials, tests show that the water is safe to drink. In 2002, scientists discovered a large underground chemical plume, which was releasing toxic gases into homes and offices in

980-824: A maximum weight capacity The company was responsible for nearly all of the shoe and footwear for the United States Army during World War I and World War II . At its peak, E-J was one of the largest shoe manufacturers in the U.S. , with retail outlets in over 30 states. E-J was also substantially vertically integrated, with coal -fired steam generating plants to power factory machinery, and factories for tanning animal hides to make leather and for reclaiming rubber from used automobile tires for use as shoe soles. But E-J's most long lasting and important economic contribution may be its influence on its neighbor in Endicott, New York: International Business Machines Corporation (now " IBM ") and IBM's predecessors in Endicott

1050-438: A new machine that could stitch "uppers" to "lowers" was the key to his success, meaning that for the first time in history unskilled labor could manufacture shoes. (Prior to this, shoes were made to individual order by skilled cobblers . People who couldn't afford this bought used shoes, and had cobblers regularly replace the soles and heels as they wore out, until the uppers disintegrated.) The orders pouring in made expansion of

1120-425: A newspaper group owned by Fortress. News Corp. CEO and former Wall Street Journal editor Robert James Thomson indicated that the newspapers were "not strategically consistent with the emerging portfolio" of the company. GateHouse in turn filed prepackaged Chapter 11 bankruptcy on September 27, 2013, to restructure its debt obligations in order to accommodate the acquisition. Newcastle combined Local Media Group with

1190-691: A result, Ann G. McGuinness Elementary was turned into a K-5 school, and all Grade 6 students were taken in by Jennie F. Snapp Middle School. As of 2016, Linnaeus W. West Elementary is now a high school overseen by the Union-Endicott Central School District and the XQ Institute. Endicott Johnson Corporation The Endicott-Johnson Shoe Company (" E-J ") was a prosperous manufacturer of shoes based in New York 's Southern Tier , with factories mostly located in

1260-457: A significant departure from its previously very prosperous business of electromechanical data processing. IBM's engineers and workers in Endicott provided reliable and cost-effective computers to government agencies, banks, and large corporations in the 1950s. This information revolution transformed the American and world economies, and made IBM one of the world's most successful corporations of

1330-648: A subsidiary of Rocky, but all its manufacturing is outsourced. A number of its former Johnson City manufacturing facilities are included in the Johnson City Historic District , added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2011. In addition, the former Endicott-Johnson Medical Clinic at Binghamton and West Endicott Hose Company No. 1 at West Endicott are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. In

1400-653: A unit of Nelsonville, Ohio -based Rocky Shoes & Boots, Inc. The Endicott Johnson Corporation grew out of the Lester Brothers Boot and Shoe Company, which began in Binghamton in 1854. In 1890, the Lester Brothers moved their business west to a nearby rural area, which in 1892 was incorporated as the Village of Lestershire and in 1916 became Johnson City. Financial problems in 1890 forced

1470-459: Is marked with a stone arch embossed with Home of the Square Deal . There is a corresponding arch on the other end of Main Street that served as the entrance to Endicott. E-J workers paid for and erected these arches. Both arches were dedicated on September 6, 1920. They were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001. The use of repetitions and iterations of "ideal," "En-Joie," and other words (such as "Endwell" used for both

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1540-702: The Cider Mill Playhouse now serves as an independent community theatre in Endicott. The county-run EnJoie Golf Course in Endicott was home of the PGA Tour 's B.C. Open . Originally held annually in September, the tournament attracted golf's biggest names, from Arnold Palmer to Tiger Woods . In 2000, the tournament was moved to June, which left it competing with the British Open for players and coverage. The tournament ended its 30+ year run on

1610-596: The Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company and (before that) The Bundy Manufacturing Co. IBM, due at least in part to the influence of E-J's example, became one of the earliest and most important providers of employee benefits. Although they did not provide free medical and hospital care or build houses for employees they recognized that good pay and benefits were key to remaining non-union. In recent years IBM has significantly reduced their benefit programs for employees and retirees. In

1680-614: The International Time Recording Company (ITR), The Tabulating Machine Company , Computing Scale Company, and Bundy Time Recording. These companies used a technology invented by Herman Hollerith whereby stiff paper cards with holes in a systematic pattern, called punched cards , could be "read" by machines via electrical contact. The Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company changed its name to International Business Machines Corporation ( IBM ) in 1924. The formation of what soon became IBM consolidated some of

1750-554: The United States Census Bureau , the village has a total area of 3.2 square miles (8.3 km ), of which 0.004 square miles (0.01 km ), or 0.13%, is water. As of the census of 2010, there were 13,392 people, 6,058 households, and 2,994 families residing in the village. The population density was 4,198.1 inhabitants per square mile (1,620.9/km ). There were 6,719 housing units at an average density of 2,106.3 per square mile (813.2/km ). The racial makeup of

1820-807: The 1976 film Taxi Driver , an ad for the Endicott-Johnson Shoe Company can be seen painted on a wall while Travis is slowly following Iris. George F. Johnson donated six carousels to the Triple Cities between 1919 and 1934, which are now among the fewer than 170 antique carousels remaining in the United States and Canada. All were built by the well-known carousel maker Allan Herschell (of The Herschell Carrousel Factory in North Tonawanda, New York ), all contain wood-carved figures, and all are still working during

1890-651: The Dow Jones Local Media Group portfolio, with its name then shortened to Local Media Group, was merged into the new owner's GateHouse Media group. Endicott, NY Endicott is a village in Broome County , New York , United States. The population was 13,392 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Binghamton Metropolitan Statistical Area . The village is named after Henry B. Endicott ,

1960-685: The Dow Jones Local Media Group to Newcastle Investment Corp., an affiliate of Fortress Investment Group , which placed the holdings in the GateHouse Media portfolio of its New Media Investment Group, renamed Gannett following that company's 2019 acquisition by New Media Investment Group. James H. Ottaway Sr. founded the company in November 1936, when he purchased the Bulletin , a semi-weekly paper in Endicott, New York , that he converted to

2030-515: The Johnson family helmed E-J until outside management was brought in starting in 1957. By then, the company had begun a slow decline. The tanneries closed in 1968. E-J's medical department was not closed until 1969, and the plan to close the last of its shoe manufacturing plants in the Triple Cities area was not announced until April 1998. The demise of the E-J was rooted in many economic changes. Its founding principles of valuing labor were threatened by

2100-560: The Johnsons. When asked why no attempt had been made to organize E-J workers, Gompers said that E-J already gave workers more than unions had achieved elsewhere, and that the Federation of Labor was working to bring other workforces to the pay and benefits levels E-J provided on its own initiative. But the Square Deal campaign also created a cult of personality about Johnson family which is reflected, as examples: Various members of

2170-650: The PGA in July 2006. In July 2007, Endicott hosted the first Dick's Sporting Goods Open , a Champions Tour stop. The village is on the north side of the Susquehanna River and the Southern Tier Expressway (NYS Route 17) . Endicott is located at 42°6′11″N 76°3′17″W  /  42.10306°N 76.05472°W  / 42.10306; -76.05472 (42.103074, −76.054687). According to

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2240-608: The area to work for "EJ", predominantly from southern and eastern Europe. "Which way EJ?" was said to be what they asked immigration officials at Ellis Island in New York City, but it is far more likely that they had already memorized the addresses of relatives or friends living in Endicott. The company also maintained recruiting sites in Italy and the Balkans in the early part of the 20th century. Endicott-Johnson's employment in

2310-475: The area's Triple Cities of Binghamton , Johnson City , and Endicott . An estimated 20,000 people worked in the company's factories by the 1920s, and an even greater number worked there during the boom years of the mid-1940s when, helped by footwear it produced for the military during the war years, it was producing 52 million pairs of shoes a year. During the early 1950s, the work force was still approximately 17,000 to 18,000. Today, EJ Footwear, LLC operates as

2380-623: The area. Since IBM has left, Endicott and the surrounding areas of Broome County have lost much of its wealth. Broome County is considered to be the poorest county in upstate New York and one of the poorest areas in New York. There are six properties or districts in Endicott that are listed on the National Register of Historic Places . These include two carousels . For more information, see National Register of Historic Places listings in Broome County, New York . The Triple Cities College,

2450-464: The autumn of 2016, New York State Homes & Community Renewal entered into a development agreement with Affordable Housing Concepts and Libolt Construction to gut rehabilitate the former Sunrise and Century buildings into a pair of affordable housing sites. Utilizing a combination of bond financing, historic tax credits, funding from the Johnson City and developer equity, construction commenced in

2520-414: The availability of cheap foreign labor and the rise of global shoemakers such as Nike . According to some sources, C. F. Johnson was a vehement critic of free trade , and believed that it was contrary to his glorification of the American worker. The demise of the company may also be attributable, in part, to bad business decisions, including the continuation of its focus during the 1950s on work shoes when

2590-540: The company dealt nearly half its daily newspapers to Community Newspaper Holdings Inc. (CNHI) for $ 287.9 million (including real estate). Until December 2006, the following dailies and weeklies were also part of the Ottaway chain. Other than the California and Connecticut newspapers, they are all now part of CNHI. These four daily newspapers were sold by Ottaway to CNHI for $ 182 million in 2002: Also, Ottaway sold

2660-484: The company to a creditor and fellow shoemaker, Henry Bradford Endicott of Massachusetts , who founded the Endicott Shoe Company and in 1899, made factory foreman George F. Johnson his partner. The village of Endicott is named after Henry B. Endicott. George F. Johnson was a brilliant businessman and under his direction the Endicott Shoe Company became very prosperous very quickly. His early adoption of

2730-530: The complex, and employment was estimated at 600–800 in 2012. The jobs were entirely in research and development, and there is no longer any manufacturing at IBM-Endicott. By 2023, less than 50 people worked at IBM-Endicott and the company closed the last of their facilities in October, 2023. Much of the IBM factories in Endicott are abandoned and in ruins and have severely diminished the quality of life in recent years in

2800-466: The economy. Orders for shoes from the military in World War II in the 1940s propelled employment over the peak attained in the early 1920s. Unfortunately, the management of Endicott-Johnson after the death of George F. Johnson in 1948, couldn't cope with a more affluent era in the 1950s and 1960s when footwear became mainly a fashion business in the United States. More importantly, little if any money

2870-452: The general public. NIOSH estimated the cost of the study at $ 3.1 million. The scope of the study was later expanded to include kidney failure among the employees and birth defects among their children. The study found lower total deaths and cancer deaths than would have been expected from the general population. Since the plume has been discovered, methods including warming the ground area and pulling tainted ground water have decreased

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2940-475: The ground for years before environmental rules required that such "spills" be reported. IBM used liquid cleaning agents in circuit board assembly operation for more than two decades, and six spills and leaks were recorded, including one leak in 1979 of 4,100 gallons from an underground tank. These left behind volatile organic compounds in Endicott's soil and aquifer. Trace elements of volatile organic compounds have been identified in Endicott's drinking water, but

3010-458: The levels are within regulatory limits. Also, from 1980, IBM has pumped out 78,000 gallons of chemicals, including trichloroethane, freon , benzene and perchloroethene to the air and allegedly caused several cancer cases among the townspeople. IBM Endicott has been identified by the Department of Environmental Conservation as the major source of pollution, though traces of contaminants from

3080-464: The major companies in the industrial time-keeping business, but its new chief executive Thomas J. Watson realized that data processing had far greater potential than just workers punching a time clock. A great motivator of salesmen, Watson sent them to a new territory of banks, corporations, and government agencies, where they explained how a database of IBM punched cards and data processing with IBM sorting machines would enable them to answer questions in

3150-482: The market for lighter, more stylish shoes was expanding and potentially more profitable. In 1995, E-J was purchased by U.S. Industries, Inc. and its name was changed to EJ Footwear Corp. , and its base of operations changed to Franklin, Tennessee . In 2000, EJ Footwear was bought out by Citicorp Venture Capital Ltd., a subsidiary of Citigroup . Finally, on December 6, 2004, EJ Footwear agreed to be acquired by Rocky Shoes & Boots, Inc. EJ had previously been

3220-434: The other hand, was originally a company town constructed for and by the Endicott Johnson Corporation , which grew to become the largest shoe company in the world by World War I . Growing out of a large tract of farmland, Endicott was known as a boomtown , and as a result acquired the nickname The Magic City . As the two villages had grown so much that there was no longer any physical distinction between them, Union village

3290-474: The post-bankruptcy GateHouse Media later in 2013 to form New Media Investment Group. Dow Jones Local Media Group published eight daily and 15 weekly newspapers in seven U.S. states. Its circulation was given in 2005 as 282,000 daily, 316,000 Sunday and 119,000 daily unique visitors on newspaper Internet sites. Daily newspapers are: Weekly and twice-weekly newspapers include the following: Holdings as of September 2013, immediately after News Corporation sold

3360-604: The poverty line, including 34.0% of those under age 18 and 13.7% of those age 65 or over. In the early 20th century, Italians flocked to Endicott due to the opportunity for jobs in the Endicott-Johnson shoe factories. The Italians settled on the North Side of the village. Today the North Side of the village is recognized as Little Italy, and still has a large Italian population. For much of its history, IBM dumped tons of industrial solvents , used to clean computer parts, down drains. The solvents also leached from leaky pipes into

3430-501: The railroad line. Anticipating population growth, the company also surveyed and laid out the current street pattern of most of Endicott north of Main Street, so in this sense, Endicott was a "planned community". However, because of an initial lack of housing, from 1900 to 1910 most workers commuted on a horse-drawn streetcar line connecting Johnson City to Endicott along the current route of New York State Route 17C. Endicott grew and flourished due to massive numbers of immigrants who came to

3500-508: The region peaked at approximately 16,000 in the mid-1980s. IBM's own expansion in this period was the construction of large research and development centers in the Glendale section of the town of Union (3 miles (5 km) to the west, now occupied by State of New York offices) and in Owego (9 miles (14 km) to the west, now owned by Lockheed Martin ). By the mid-1960s, most IBM workers in

3570-435: The region reached a peak of about 20,000 in the early 1920s. In an innovative and far-sighted policy, George F. Johnson made sections of the company's land holdings outside the factory district available to workers to build homes on, with financing provided by the company, and title reverting to the worker when the loan was paid off. Along with extensive company-provided recreational facilities and medical clinics (unheard of at

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3640-516: The region worked at these sites. A circuit board fabricating plant was built on North Street adjacent to the original factory complex in the mid-1960s. After the Second World War, IBM corporate headquarters moved to Armonk, New York , and new research and manufacturing sites were established throughout the United States and overseas. In 2002, IBM sold the aging Endicott manufacturing site to local investors. IBM leased several buildings in

3710-541: The sale of the company to a creditor and fellow shoemaker, Henry Bradford Endicott of Dedham, Massachusetts , who founded the Endicott Shoe Company and in 1899 made factory foreman George F. Johnson his partner. The E-J story is dominated by George F. Johnson (1857–1948), or George F as he was popularly called, who rose through the shoe factory ranks to become the half-owner of E-J, and its highest executive until his death in 1948. George F's reign

3780-400: The second half of the 20th century. The expansion of IBM-Endicott beginning in the 1940s resulted in some residential development north and west of the original Endicott street grid, but its major effect was the transformation of the then semi-rural sites of Endwell (to the immediate east) and Vestal (to the immediate south) into the large residential areas they are today. IBM employment in

3850-484: The shoe company necessary. The next parcel of inexpensive, level land along the railroad and safely above the flood plain was a forested area around what is now the intersection of North Street and Washington Avenue in what is now Endicott. What was by then the Endicott-Johnson Corporation purchased this land and several large tracts around it and built a number of state-of-the-art factories along

3920-636: The size and intensity of the plume. The Village of Endicott has been working with the New York State DEC to remedy this concern. Endicott is served by the Union-Endicott Central School District which oversees the following schools: Prior to the 2011–2012 school year, Linnaeus W. West Elementary was overseen by the Union-Endicott Central School District. Following a flood brought on by Tropical Storm Lee (2011) , where it then became Owego Elementary. As

3990-497: The sole licensee for Rocky's "Dickies" line of work footwear. According to its 2005 annual report , Rocky's sales more than doubled over 2004, largely reflecting this acquisition. The former central headquarters, located on the eastern edge of Johnson City, has been converted into a church . Most of the company's factories have been torn down, with the majority of the remaining facilities vacant, except for some that are partially occupied by area businesses. EJ Footwear, LLC persists as

4060-446: The spring of 2017 and is expected to continue into 2018. The completed buildings will provide more than 80 affordable multi-bedroom apartments, and portions of the ground floors will be converted for commercial use. Additionally, the site will include a small museum displaying artifacts discovered during the construction, including machinery, signage, worker timecards and what is believed to be the first elevator car specifically designed to

4130-442: The subsequent mobilization of the economy and the induction of 12 million young men into the military resulted in a demand for more data processing work from IBM. Every soldier in World War II had an "IBM Card" in his file. Several of the IBM factories in Endicott were converted to arms production during World War II, notably the production of sidearms (pistols). After World War II, IBM concentrated on electronic data processing,

4200-623: The summer months subject to weather and restoration projects. Binghamton is accordingly associated with the nickname "Carousel Capital of the World," although only two of the Triple Cities' six carousels are in Binghamton. The admission price to the carousels has never changed: free (except, traditionally, to find and dispose of one piece of litter). The Highland Park Carousel , C. Fred Johnson Park Carousel , George F. Johnson Recreation Park Carousel , George W. Johnson Park Carousel , Ross Park Carousel , and West Endicott Park Carousel are listed on

4270-412: The tanneries and the vast majority of the shoe factories were located in Endicott with a few satellite locations in Johnson City and Binghamton. The Johnsons lived in Endicott and George F's mansion was donated to the Village after his death and became the public library. Most of the jobs were classified as "piece work." Racks of shoes moved through the factories with "coupons" attached to each rack. When

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4340-531: The three daily newspapers of Essex County Newspapers Inc. to The Eagle-Tribune of North Andover, Massachusetts , in 2002, for $ 70 million. The Eagle-Tribune , along with the Essex papers listed below, was later purchased by CNHI. On September 4, 2013, News Corp announced that it would sell the Dow Jones Local Media Group to Newcastle Investment Corp.—an affiliate of Fortress Investment Group , for $ 87 million. The newspapers will be operated by GateHouse Media ,

4410-513: The time and decades before government took over these responsibilities), this "Square Deal" of the early 20th century is commemorated by stone arches erected by the workers in 1920 across Route 17C (Main Street) at the entrances to Endicott and Johnson City. Endicott-Johnson was hurt by the Depression of the 1930s, but since shoes were a necessity, did better than other manufacturing sectors of

4480-403: The village was 86.64% White , 6.96% African American , 0.21% Native American , 1.75% Asian , 0.13% Pacific Islander , 0.98% from other races , and 3.32% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.44% of the population. There were 6,058 households, out of which 23.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 28.1% were married couples living together, 15.7% had

4550-431: The worker completed his/her operation on the rack of shoes, he or she removed the appropriate coupon which was worth a few pennies. At the end of the week the worker turned in his coupons from which the payroll department calculated pay. The work was hard and the pay was low, but the extensive benefits were offsets. The windows in the factories were painted so workers wouldn't be distracted by the outside. The company needed

4620-412: Was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.0 males. The median income for a household in the village was $ 32,599, and the median income for a family was $ 46,761. Males had a median income of $ 34,572 versus $ 30,888 for females. The per capita income for the village was $ 20,603. About 16.2% of families and 21.0% of the population were below

4690-426: Was dominated by his Square Deal version of welfare capitalism that, like progressive movements of the early twentieth century, advocated providing parades and churches and libraries to "uplift" workers. George F's Square Deal consisted of worker benefits even in harsh economic times that were generous and innovative for their time, but also meant to engender worker loyalty and discourage unionizing. The company had

4760-404: Was invested in improving the original 1900 manufacturing technology, which meant that foreign countries could make the same shoes at a lower price. Loss of market share resulted in the closing and sale of the Endicott factories. Endicott is best known as the "Birthplace of IBM ". The Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR) was founded in Endicott on June 16, 1911, via the consolidation of

4830-480: Was merged into Endicott in 1921. The Endicott Johnson Corporation grew out of the Lester Brothers Boot and Shoe Company which began in Binghamton in 1854. With In 1890, Lester Brothers along with Lucas Kacynski Co moved their business west to a nearby rural area, which in 1892, was incorporated as the village of Lestershire and in 1916, became Johnson City. Financial problems in 1890 forced the sale of

4900-432: Was originally made up of two distinct villages: Union village (now the historic business district at the intersection of NYS Route 26 and NYS Route 17C ), incorporated in 1892, and Endicott (whose center was along Washington Avenue and North Street), which was incorporated in 1906. Union was a market town along the Susquehanna River settled in the 1790s, serving the farming area between Binghamton and Owego . Endicott, on

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