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32-453: Otzberg consists of seven villages: Habitzheim, Hering, Lengfeld with Zipfen, Nieder-Klingen, Ober-Klingen and Ober-Nauses, and Schloss-Nauses. One place of interest in Otzberg is its eponymous castle , a medieval fortress that was first mentioned in 1231. It is widely known for its white tower. The castle itself has been slowly reconstructed to resemble its medieval appearance. The town

64-582: Is about 50 million years younger than western Bergsträßer Odw. The Böllstein gneiss and basalt Otzberg caused by large movements of the Earth's crust in two different geological eras: In the Palaeozoic (Paleozoic) walked the continental drift a southern continent to continent on a north. This collided intervening dwarf-continent and in the Devonian and Carboniferous period (about 380-320 million years ago),

96-479: Is located in the northern Odenwald in southern Hesse . The Otzberg, an extinct volcano, rises above the village, reaching a height of 367 m above sea level. In clear conditions one can see from here to Frankfurt am Main and the Taunus . The Otzberg is an extinct volcano made of Böllstein gneiss, formed on an old fault zone (the Otzberg column), which continues to the south and separates the eastern Böllsteiner, which

128-717: The Bavarian Feud partly involved Otzberg. In the dispute over the Landshut succession, Emperor Maximilian imposed the imperial ban on Count Palatine Philip for a breach of the Landfrieden . Landgrave William II of Hesse seized Otzberg by force. After the Reichstag of Constance in 1507, Electoral Palatinate received the Amt of Otzberg back again and did not enfeoff it again. But weapon technology had changed so that

160-682: The Congress of Vienna divided his territories between the King of Bavaria , the Elector of Hesse , the Grand Duke of Hesse-Darmstadt and the Free City of Frankfurt . The modern Diocese of Mainz was founded in 1802, within the territory of France and in 1814 its jurisdiction was extended over the territory of Hesse-Darmstadt. Since then it has had two cardinals and via various concordats

192-814: The Holy Roman Empire between 780–782 and 1802. In Church hierarchy, the Archbishop of Mainz was the primas Germaniae , the substitute for the Pope north of the Alps. Aside from Rome, the See of Mainz is the only other see referred to as a "Holy See", although this usage became rather less common. This archbishopric was a substantial ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire. The ecclesiastical principality included lands near Mainz on both

224-512: The Weiße Rübe ("White Beet", also the name for the wild turnip), is the oldest building in the castle. On clear days the visitor can see the whole of the county of Darmstadt-Dieburg and as far as the city of Frankfurt am Main and the Taunus hills from the top of the 17-metre-high keep. The castle well dates to about 1320 and is one of the deepest wells in Hesse. After recent excavations

256-448: The 16th century when the place was converted into a defensible fortification. The appearance of the fortress is dominated by its double concentric walls built in the 16th century and oval in shape, and the bergfried which is of Romanesque origin. Its character is still that of a fortress from the time after the introduction of artillery, typical castle features, like towers are entirely missing. The bergfried , also known locally as

288-659: The German state of Hesse is a medieval castle on the summit of the Otzberg in the Odenwald forest at a height of 367 m above NN. On its northern slopes is the village of Hering , which grew out of the lower ward or castellan 's settlement. The history of castle and village is therefore closely interwoven. The region around the Otzberg probably belonged to the territory that King Pippin gifted in 766 A.D. to Fulda Abbey , together with Groß-Umstadt . Otzberg Castle

320-831: The North Sea broke - in the Tertiary about 45 million years - the Upper Rhine Graben - and hence the Erbacher-Michelstädter ditch. To the subsidence in the Rhine-Main area also includes the Tire Bay. As a result, many cross dissected and transverse fractures in the area now Odenwald mountain blocks and ditches, so that magma could penetrate to the surface. Were formed in the central and northern Odw approximately 35-20 million years ago volcanoes such as

352-607: The Otzberg column is welded these rocks - in the course of plate collision - with those of the Bergstrasse Odws. Many millions of years later, the mountain was already removed down to his torso and powerful Buntsandstein, Muschelkalk, Keuper and law - deposits had altered the landscape, it came in Central Europe back to strong movements in the crust: In connection with a rift zone from the Mediterranean to

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384-641: The Otzberg. Some columns were filled with ore-bearing quartz and Schwerspatlösungen. The Vulcan blankets are now - have been removed by erosion - as well as the Buntsandstein, Muschelkalk, Keuper and Jurassic - deposits. What is left is the basalt columns at Castle Hill - as remnants of the crater fill. The crystalline rock body was exposed again, Rivers cut a valley and then formed the present landscape. Evidence of its geological past are relics of quarries and mines: → Odenwald#Geology Veste Otzberg Otzberg Castle ( German : Veste Otzberg ) in

416-714: The Palatinate was in French hands during the Napoleonic Wars , the two Ämter of Otzberg and Umstadt remained Electoral Palatine. At that time the Palatine Archives were stored at Otzberg Castle, in which one can read the property claims for a new era. With the stabilisation of the political situation, Otzberg Castle lost its military importance for the Palatinate. From 1711 active service soldiers were gradually replaced by disabled veterans, so that from 1720

448-528: The Variscan Mountains to the Odw counts delayed. was already in the history of Böllsteiner gneiss. He emerged from granitic rocks, which have penetrated about 410 million years ago as molten rock from below into older sedimentary rocks. These were common - sunk into deeper areas of the Earth's crust and converted there, at a high temperature pressure to schists and gneisses - a result of the co-thrusts. At

480-511: The accession of St. Boniface to the see in 747. Boniface was previously an archbishop, but the honor did not immediately devolve upon the see itself until his successor Lullus. In 1802, Mainz lost its archiepiscopal character. In the secularizations that accompanied the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss (" German mediatization ") of 1803, the seat of the elector, Karl Theodor von Dalberg , was moved to Regensburg , and

512-553: The archbishopric, and their power struggles occasionally moved the citizens of Mainz to revolt. The lands of the elector lay around the city of Mainz on both banks of the Rhine ; their area reached 3200 sq. miles by the end of the Empire. The last elector was Karl Theodor von Dalberg , who lost his temporal power when the archbishopric was secularized in 1803. The Archbishop of Mainz was an influential ecclesiastic and secular prince in

544-709: The castle became purely an invalids' garrison that guarded the prisoners incarcerated there. In 1802 the Electoral Palatine Oberamt of Otzberg went to the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt , which used it from 1803 as a state prison. In 1818 Otzberg Castle was abandoned as a military location. On 25 July 1826 the Finance Ministry in Darmstadt issued a decree that the tower of the castle, the commandant's house with its small stables,

576-509: The castle could no longer simply be held by castellans. In 1511, a Zwinger was built, the inner wall was strengthened and a new gatehouse built. In the mid-16th century a stone town wall was built around the lower ward (the village of Hering). In 1621, during the Thirty Years' War , a Bavarian corps of 2,000 men and imperial and Spanish troops camped in the area of Otzberg-Umstadt and besieged Otzberg Castle. A year later, in 1622,

608-475: The depth of the well has now been estimated as about 50 metres. Next to it is a 1788 treadwheel that made it considerably easier to raise water. The commandant's house ( Kommandantenhaus ), in which the castle pub is housed today, was built in 1574 together with several other new buildings. The palas houses the Otzberg Museum – Documenting the history of Veste Otzberg. The old cabinet room

640-541: The doctor's house, the stable near the Marketenderei, the well house and the new barracks ( Bandhaus ) should be preserved. All other buildings should be sold for demolition. In 1921 the Bandhaus was converted into a youth hostel . In the 1950s a forestry office and a restaurant were housed in the commandant's house. This arrangement continued until the mid-60s when the place was rented to various tenants to run

672-577: The electorate lost its left bank territories to France , its right bank areas along the Main below Frankfurt to Hesse-Darmstadt and the Nassau princes, and Eichsfeld and Erfurt to Prussia . Dalberg retained the Aschaffenburg area however, and when the Holy Roman Empire finally came to an end in 1806, this became the core of Dalberg's new Grand Duchy of Frankfurt . Dalberg resigned in 1813 and in 1815

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704-461: The empire in 1806. The origin of the title dates back to 747, when the city of Mainz was made the seat of an archbishop, and a succession of able and ambitious prelates made the district under their rule a strong and vigorous state. Among these men were important figures in the history of Germany such as Hatto I , Adalbert of Mainz , Siegfried III , Peter of Aspelt and Albert of Brandenburg . There were several violent contests between rivals for

736-505: The garrison surrendered the castle. The castle and amt of Otzberg as well as half of Umstadt went back to Hesse in 1623 as compensation for war damage suffered. In 1647 the French took the castle. They based themselves at the castle and helped themselves to the food and provisions. As a result of the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 Otzberg was returned to the Palatinate. Although the whole of

768-846: The left and right banks of the Rhine , as well as territory along the Main above Frankfurt (including the district of Aschaffenburg ), the Eichsfeld region in Lower Saxony and Thuringia, and the territory around Erfurt in Thuringia . The archbishop was also, traditionally, one of the Imperial Prince-Electors , the Arch-chancellor of Germany , and presiding officer of the electoral college technically from 1251 and permanently from 1263 until 1803. The see

800-692: The restaurant. In 1985, a museum the Collection of Folk Art in Hesse ( Sammlung zur Volkskunde in Hessen ) moved into the Bandhaus . In 1996 the Korporalshaus was rebuilt. It has since been used as a museum building and location for the Standesamt of the municipality of Otzberg. The occupants from the outset were soldiers; in the 14th century, six men lived there; around 1471 there were 14 people. Specialised paid soldiers first appeared in

832-629: The seven Prince-electors of the Holy Roman Empire . As both the Archbishop of Mainz and the ruling prince of the Electorate of Mainz , the Elector of Mainz held a powerful position during the Middle Ages . The Archbishop-Elector was president of the electoral college, archchancellor of the empire, and the Primate of Germany as the papal legate north of the Alps, until the dissolution of

864-563: The tune of 200 pounds. In 1374 Fulda redeemed the estate again, but enfeoffed in the same year Otsperg die burg ("Otzberg the castle"), Heringes die stat darundir ("Hering the town below it") and half of Umstadt for 23,875 guilders to Ulrich of Hanau , who also carried out work on the castle, for 400 guilders. In 1390 the abbey sold Otzberg and Hering and the half of Umstadt with the Hanau fief, which had meanwhile increased in value to 33,000 guilders, to Count Palatine Rupert II . In 1504

896-502: The village of Hering, so-called "castellan's houses" or Burgmannenhäuser . Of these only parts of the house owned by Gans of Otzberg have survived. In the early 14th century, the resources of Fulda Abbey ran out so, in 1332, Prince-Abbot Henry VI of Hohenberg enfeoffed Otzberg Castle and the Fulda part of Umstadt for 4,600 pounds of Heller to Werner of Anevelt and Engelhard of Franckenstein , who carried out building work at Otzberg to

928-431: Was established in ancient Roman times , in the city of Mainz , which had been a Roman provincial capital called Moguntiacum, but the office really came to prominence upon its elevation to an archdiocese in 780/82. The first bishops before the 4th century have legendary names, beginning with Crescens . The first verifiable Bishop of Mainz was Martinus in 343. The ecclesiastical and secular importance of Mainz dates from

960-605: Was first mentioned in the records in 1231. In this document the Archbishop of Mainz , Siegfried III , also the overseer of Fulda Abbey , guaranteed to Count Palatine Otto II the arrangement agreed in the previous year, the details of which are unknown. In 1244 the castellanos de odesbrech are mentioned for the first time: the castellans or Burgmannen of Otzberg Castle. The fortifications must have been sufficiently developed that five castellans and their servants were able to occupy it. The castellans built houses in

992-455: Was later used as a barrack. Due to the Hessian demolition decree ( hessischen Abrissverfügung ) of 1806 it was one of the few buildings that was destroyed at Otzberg Castle. Today, only the wall foundations remain. The "corporal's house" ( Korporalshaus ), rebuilt in 1996 is used as a registry by the municipality of Otzberg. List of bishops of Mainz The Elector of Mainz was one of

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1024-534: Was probably built in the late 12th/early 13th century. At this time, Abbot Marquard I of Fulda secured the abbey estates and built castles that were visible from a long way as a sign of his influence. He transferred the castle to Conrad of Hohenstaufen , brother of the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa , as vogt . Conrad was Count Palatine of the Rhine. The castrum Othesberg

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