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108-561: The company's headquarters were on the property of John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York City . A second related company, which took the name in 1978, was later renamed National Airlines before declaring bankruptcy in 1986. ONA ( IATA : OV ) was founded in June 1950 as a charter airline that carried both freight and passengers. It was based at Idlewild Airport (now New York JFK Airport) with five Douglas DC-6 aircraft in

216-556: A FAR Part 129 leasing company known as United Air Carriers on July 21, 1977. When Overseas National Airways folded in 1978, the company was renamed Overseas National Airways and it was certified in 1980 under FAR 121 as a cargo and passenger charter company. In 1982 the company gained approval for scheduled service, leading to the company purchasing the name National Airlines from Pan American World Airways in anticipation of scheduled New York to Paris service. The scheduled service never materialized, although charter flights were flown on

324-649: A contract authorizing a northward extension of the highway to Grand Central Parkway. This segment was to cost $ 11.6 million. The project included widening a segment of Grand Central Parkway between Horace Harding Boulevard (today's Long Island Expressway) and the Kew Gardens Interchange. In addition, a ramp was built from Main Street to the Van Wyck Expressway, and an overpass was built to carry Queens Boulevard above both Main Street and

432-588: A digital and static photography exhibit in collaboration with the Cradle of Aviation Museum ; a mural representing Queens by local artist Zeehan Wazed; a series of photographs by Terminal 4 employees, and the first-ever freestanding hologram device in an airport in partnership with Proto hologram which shows animals from the Bronx Zoo and has been used to beam in comedian Howie Mandel as a live hologram to surprise passengers. Terminal 5 opened in 2008 for JetBlue ,

540-706: A divided highway and meeting NY 878 (the Nassau Expressway) at exit 1E. I-678 continues northward to the Kennedy Airport Interchange , where it crosses under the Nassau Expressway and over NY 27 east (South Conduit Avenue ) and the Belt Parkway , and then over NY 27 west (North Conduit Avenue) at exit 1B. At this point the highway exits the facility of JFK Airport and maintenance switches to

648-477: A food court, filling station , and originally four Tesla Superchargers . The original 4 Tesla Superchargers were later replaced with a new station with 12 stalls. Taxis and other for-hire vehicles (FHV) serving JFK are licensed by the New York City Taxi & Limousine Commission . In 2019, PANYNJ approved the implementation of "airport access fee" surcharges on FHV and taxi trips, with

756-614: A fourth vehicle lane on the Van Wyck Expressway south of Kew Gardens. In addition, northbound exit 5 at Atlantic Avenue and southbound exit 4 at Liberty Avenue would be permanently closed, as these junctions are near each other. Were the proposal approved, construction would begin in early 2020 and would be completed three years later. In 2021, workers began reconstructing five overpasses of I-678 in southern Queens. Work on an additional five overpasses began in mid-2022. Also in 2017, NYSDOT began renovating an overpass that carried Jewel Avenue above I-678. The Jewel Avenue overpass

864-630: A funding agreement from the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1952. The New York Times quoted a state official who said that this move had the effect of canceling these projects. I-78 currently ends at the east portal of the Holland Tunnel. In early 1988, both directions of the Whitestone Expressway near Northern Boulevard were temporarily closed because several girders in the southbound viaduct had corroded to

972-410: A large suitcase. The theft was not discovered until the following Monday. The Lufthansa heist took place on December 11, 1978, at the airport. The robbery netted an estimated US$ 5.875 million (equivalent to US$ 27.4 million in 2023), including US$ 5 million in cash and US$ 875,000 in jewelry. It was the largest cash robbery committed on American soil at the time. James Burke , an associate of

1080-485: A major steel contractor had filed for bankruptcy during the project. As early as 1961, The New York Times had reported that the Whitestone Expressway was to be known as Interstate 678. City traffic commissioner Henry A. Barnes subsequently claimed that Moses had proposed the I-678 designation unilaterally. The Whitestone and Hutchinson River expressways were designated as I-678 c.  1965 . The I-678 designation

1188-541: A new United terminal. Terminal 6 was used by JetBlue from 2001 until JetBlue moved to Terminal 5 in 2008. The Sundrome was demolished in 2011. The airport was renamed John F. Kennedy International Airport on December 24, 1963, a month and two days after the assassination of President John F. Kennedy ; Mayor Robert F. Wagner Jr. proposed the renaming. The IDL and KIDL codes have since been reassigned to Indianola Municipal Airport in Mississippi , and

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1296-453: A new terminal and longer runways from 1960 to 1966. By the mid-1970s, the two airports had roughly equal airline traffic (by flight count); Newark was in third place until the 1980s, except during LaGuardia's reconstruction. Concorde , operated by Air France and British Airways , made scheduled trans-Atlantic supersonic flights to JFK from November 22, 1977, until its retirement by British Airways on October 24, 2003. Air France had retired

1404-401: A plan for each major airline at the airport to be given its own space to develop its own terminal. This scheme made construction more practical, made terminals more navigable, and introduced incentives for airlines to compete with each other for the best design. The revised plan met airline approval in 1955, with seven terminals initially planned. Five terminals were for individual airlines, one

1512-559: A power plant, and other airport facilities. The terminals are connected by the AirTrain system and access roads. Directional signage throughout the terminals was designed by Paul Mijksenaar . A 2006 survey by J.D. Power and Associates in conjunction with Aviation Week found that JFK ranked second in overall traveller satisfaction among large airports in the United States, behind Harry Reid International Airport , which serves

1620-635: A shuttle bus, or use the AirTrain JFK to get to the other terminal, then re-clear security. Terminal 1 opened in 1998, 50 years after the opening of JFK, at the direction of the Terminal One Group, a consortium of four key operating carriers: Air France , Japan Airlines , Korean Air , and Lufthansa . This partnership was founded after the four airlines reached an agreement that the then-existing international carrier facilities were inadequate for their needs. The Eastern Air Lines terminal

1728-908: A subsidiary of the Schiphol Group and was the first in the United States to be managed by a foreign airport operator. Terminal 4 currently contains 48 gates in two concourses and functions as the hub for Delta Air Lines at JFK. Airlines servicing Terminal 4 include SkyTeam carriers Aeromexico , Air Europa , China Airlines , Delta Air Lines , Kenya Airways , KLM , Virgin Atlantic , and XiamenAir ; Star Alliance carriers Air India , Avianca , Copa Airlines , and Singapore Airlines ; and non-alliance carriers Caribbean Airlines , El Al , Emirates , Etihad Airways , Hawaiian Airlines , JetBlue (late night international arrivals only), LATAM Brasil , LATAM Chile , LATAM Peru , Uzbekistan Airways , and WestJet . Like Terminal 1,

1836-483: A total of 1,283 departures a week, including about 250 from Eastern Air Lines , 150 from National Airlines and 130 from Pan American . By 1954, Idlewild had the highest volume of international air traffic of any airport globally. The Port of New York Authority originally planned a single 55-gate terminal, but the major airlines did not agree with this plan, arguing that the terminal would be far too small for future traffic. Architect Wallace Harrison then designed

1944-480: A tribute to the 35th President of the United States. John F. Kennedy International Airport was originally called Idlewild Airport ( IATA : IDL , ICAO : KIDL , FAA LID : IDL ) after the Idlewild Beach Golf Course that it displaced. It was built to relieve LaGuardia Field , which had become overcrowded after its 1939 opening. In late 1941, mayor Fiorello La Guardia announced that

2052-882: Is a north–south auxiliary Interstate Highway that extends for 14 miles (23 km) through two boroughs of New York City . The route begins at John F. Kennedy International Airport on Jamaica Bay and travels north through Queens and across the East River to the Bruckner Interchange in the Bronx , where I-678 ends and the Hutchinson River Parkway begins. I-678 connects to I-495 (the Long Island Expressway ) in Flushing Meadows–Corona Park . The highway

2160-870: Is complimentary, external transfers at the latter two locations are paid via OMNY or MetroCard and provide access to the New York City Subway , Long Island Rail Road , and MTA Bus services. As of 2022 , only the Q3 bus serves Terminal 8. The Q6 , Q7 serve JFK's cargo terminals. The Q10 and B15 serve the Lefferts Boulevard station on the AirTrain and it includes a free transfer. The B15, Q3, and Q10 buses will return to Terminal 5 in 2026 due to construction. Bus fares are paid via OMNY or MetroCard , with free transfers provided to New York City Subway services. Vehicles primarily access

2268-574: Is connected to the Saarinen central building through the original passenger departure-arrival tubes that connected the building to the outlying gates. The original Saarinen terminal, also known as the head house, has since been converted into the TWA Hotel . Northwest Orient , Braniff International Airways , and Northeast Airlines opened a joint terminal in November 1962 (later Terminal 2). It

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2376-766: Is known as the Van Wyck Expressway ( / v æ n ˈ w ɪ k / van WIK or / v æ n ˈ w aɪ k / van WYKE ) from JFK Airport to Northern Boulevard ( New York State Route 25A or NY 25A), the Whitestone Expressway from NY 25A north to the Bronx–Whitestone Bridge , and the Hutchinson River Expressway from the bridge to the Bruckner Interchange. North of

2484-517: Is located in the Jamaica neighborhood of Queens, 16 miles (26 km) southeast of Midtown Manhattan . The airport features five passenger terminals and four runways. It is primarily accessible via car, bus, shuttle, or other vehicle transit via the JFK Expressway or Interstate 678 ( Van Wyck Expressway ), or by train. JFK is a hub for American Airlines and Delta Air Lines as well as

2592-479: Is now connected to the new structure and is considered part of Terminal 5. The TWA Flight Center reopened as the TWA Hotel in May 2019. The active Terminal 5 building has 29 gates: 1 through 12 and 14 through 30, with gates 25 through 30 handling international flights that are not pre-cleared (gates 28–30 opened in November 2014). Interstate 678 Interstate 678 ( I-678 )

2700-401: Is still in use; runway 31L (originally 9,500 ft or 2,896 m) opened soon after the rest of the airport and is still in use; runway 1R closed in 1957 and runway 7R closed around 1966. Runway 4 (originally 8,000 ft, now runway 4L) opened June 1949 and runway 4R was added ten years later. A smaller runway 14/32 was built after runway 7R closed and

2808-494: Is the Bruckner Interchange , where I-678's designation ends and the highway continues northward as the Hutchinson River Parkway . In 1936, New York governor Herbert H. Lehman signed a bill that authorized the construction of the Bronx–Whitestone Bridge, which would connect Queens and the Bronx. At its north end, the Bronx–Whitestone Bridge would connect to Eastern Boulevard (later known as Bruckner Boulevard ) via

2916-612: Is the busiest of the seven airports in the New York airport system , the sixth-busiest airport in the United States , and the busiest international commercial airport in North America . The airport, which covers 5,200 acres (2,104 ha), is the largest in the New York metropolitan area. Over 90 airlines operate from Kennedy Airport , with nonstop or direct flights to destinations on all six inhabited continents. JFK

3024-534: The Boeing ;747 's weight. The International Arrivals Building, or IAB, was the first new terminal at the airport, opening in December 1957. The building was designed by SOM . The terminal stretched nearly 2,300 feet (700 meters) and was parallel to runway 7R. The terminal had "finger" piers at right angles to the main building allowing more aircraft to park, an innovation at the time. The building

3132-505: The Delta Air Lines hub, in 2008. On March 19, 2007, JFK was the first airport in the United States to receive a passenger Airbus A380 flight. The route, with an over-500-passenger capacity, was operated by Lufthansa and Airbus and arrived at Terminal 1. On August 1, 2008, it received the first regularly scheduled commercial A380 flight to the United States (on Emirates ' New York–Dubai route) at Terminal 4. Although

3240-659: The Grand Central Parkway . These plans were mostly canceled by the late 1960s, leading to the truncation of I-78 to the Brooklyn–Queens Expressway (I-278) on January 1, 1970. In March 1971, Governor Nelson Rockefeller revealed a plan for improving New York City highways. The plan denied funding to several proposed New York City Interstate Highways, including the Astoria Expressway. Rockefeller said that these highways did not qualify for

3348-583: The Hutchinson River Parkway . The bridge's south end would connect to a new Whitestone Parkway, which led southwest off the bridge to Northern Boulevard. Just south of the bridge, there was to be a three-level interchange between the Whitestone Parkway and the Cross Island Parkway . Plans for the bridge were completed by February 1937, at which time the state started issuing bonds to fund bridge construction. The right-of-way for

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3456-668: The Las Vegas metropolitan area . Until the early 1990s, each terminal was known by the primary airline that served it, except for Terminal 4, which was known as the International Arrivals Building. In the early 1990s, all terminals were given numbers except for the Tower Air terminal, which sat outside the Central Terminals area and was not numbered. Like the other airports controlled by

3564-533: The Lucchese crime family of New York, was believed to be the mastermind behind the robbery, but was never charged with the crime. Burke is also alleged to have either committed or ordered the murders of many in the robbery, both to avoid being implicated in the heist and to keep their shares of the money for himself. The only person convicted in the Lufthansa heist was Louis Werner, an airport worker involved with

3672-593: The Lucchese crime family stole $ 420,000 (equivalent of approximately $ 3.8 million in 2023) from the Air France cargo terminal at the airport. It was the largest cash robbery in the United States at the time. It was carried out by Henry Hill , Robert McMahon, Tommy DeSimone and Montague Montemurro, on a tip-off from McMahon. Hill believed it was the Air France robbery that endeared him to the Mafia . Air France

3780-724: The New York City Council ; in common usage, the airport was still called "Idlewild". In 1944, the New York City Board of Estimate authorized the condemnation of another 1,350 acres (550 ha) for Idlewild. The Port of New York Authority (now the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey ) leased the Idlewild property from the City of New York in 1947 and maintains this lease today. In March 1948,

3888-751: The New York State Department of Transportation . North of North Conduit Avenue, AirTrain JFK 's elevated people mover structure begins to run above the expressway's median, and the Van Wyck descends to an open-cut structure. At this point, I-678 gains service roads on either side, connecting to local streets. I-678 continues northward along the Van Wyck Expressway through Queens, interchanging with Rockaway Boulevard , Linden Boulevard , Liberty Avenue , and Atlantic Avenue at exits 2 through 5, respectively. Just south of Atlantic Avenue,

3996-494: The TWA Flight Center in 1962, designed by Eero Saarinen with a distinctive winged-bird shape. With the demise of TWA in 2001, the terminal remained vacant until 2005 when JetBlue and the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey (PANYNJ) financed the construction of a new 26-gate terminal partly encircling the Saarinen building. Called Terminal 5 (Now T5), the new terminal opened on October 22, 2008. T5

4104-493: The United States Army Corps of Engineers for permission to close the existing Flushing River drawbridge permanently. The drawbridge would then be upgraded to Interstate standards, and a second, fixed span would be built adjacent to the drawbridge. Several boat operators initially opposed the plans—the bridges would be 40.8 feet (12.4 m) above mean high water , shorter than some of the vessels that used

4212-687: The Williamsburg Bridge to Queens , where it would have followed the Bushwick Expressway past the southern end of the Van Wyck Expressway to Laurelton . From here, I-78 would have continued northward onto an extended Clearview Expressway and to the Bronx . Early plans for I-678 had the highway following the Astoria Expressway , a proposed freeway that would run along the NY ;25A corridor from I-278 to

4320-484: The $ 1.4 billion replacement for the International Arrivals Building, opened on May 24, 2001. JetBlue 's Terminal 5 incorporates the TWA Flight Center , and Terminals 8 and 9 were demolished and rebuilt as Terminal 8 for the American Airlines hub. The Port Authority Board of Commissioners approved a $ 20 million planning study for the redevelopment of Terminals 2 and 3,

4428-420: The AirTrain structure diverges to the east. After entering Jamaica , the Van Wyck crosses under a complex, two-level Long Island Rail Road structure with 13 tracks. Continuing northward, the expressway passes Jamaica Hospital Medical Center and intersects Jamaica Avenue at exit 6. I-678 expands to eight lanes as it crosses under Hillside Avenue ( NY 25B ), which is serviced by exit 7 in

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4536-719: The Belt Parkway. Construction started in May 1998. The fact that the Jamaica Branch had to be built in the middle of the Van Wyck Expressway, combined with the varying length and curves of the track spans, caused complications during construction. One lane in each direction was closed during the off-peak hours, causing congestion on the Van Wyck. The AirTrain's guideways above the Van Wyck were completed in August 2001. The system opened in December 2003. A $ 286-million (equivalent to $ 470 million in 2023 ) renovation of

4644-420: The Bronx–Whitestone Bridge started in August 2001. The project replaced the bridge's span, among other things. The Queens and Bronx approaches were replaced in a project that started in 2008 and ended in 2015. In early 2017, Governor Andrew Cuomo announced that as part of his plan to improve JFK Airport, two traffic bottlenecks along I-678 near the airport would be removed. At the Kew Gardens Interchange,

4752-697: The City Council changed the official name to New York International Airport, Anderson Field , but the common name remained "Idlewild" until December 24, 1963. The airport was intended as the world's largest and most efficient, with "no confusion and no congestion". The first flight from Idlewild was on July 1, 1948, with the opening ceremony attended by U.S. President Harry S. Truman and Governor of New York Thomas E. Dewey , who were both running for president in that year's presidential election . The Port Authority cancelled foreign airlines' permits to use LaGuardia, forcing them to move to Idlewild during

4860-546: The Electras. In 1973 two McDonnell Douglas DC-10 widebody jetliners were acquired. In 1978, just prior to US airline deregulation went into effect, the board of directors decided to liquidate the airline. Due to the value of the company's DC-10s, this was successful. ONA ceased operations in October 1978. The second airline to be named Overseas National Airways was created when officials of Overseas National Airways formed

4968-621: The Hutchinson River Parkway was renamed the Hutchinson River Expressway. The new four-lane bridges over the Flushing River opened in June 1963; it temporarily carried two lanes in each direction until the old drawbridge was upgraded. The Whitestone Expressway upgrade was completed on December 12, 1963. The New York City Planning Commission approved the 3.7-mile (6.0 km) extension of

5076-539: The LIRR corridor, which carried 1,635 trains every twenty-four hours. The final construction contract for the Van Wyck's first segment was awarded in January 1950. The segment from Queens Boulevard to Idlewild ultimately cost $ 17 million. It opened on October 14, 1950, with a ceremony attended by New York governor Thomas E. Dewey . The new highway reduced driving time between Idlewild and Manhattan by 20 percent. Later

5184-767: The Port Authority and Delta/IAT had agreed to terms extending Concourse A by 16 domestic gates, renovating the arrival/departure halls, and improving land-side roadways for $ 3.8 billion. By April 2021, that plan had been scaled-back to $ 1.5 billion worth of improvements as a result of financial hardships imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic . The revised plan called for arrival/departure hall modernization and just ten new gates in Concourse A. Consolidation of Delta's operations within T4 occurred in early 2023, along with

5292-416: The Port Authority, JFK's terminals are sometimes managed and maintained by independent terminal operators. At JFK, all terminals are managed by airlines or consortiums of the airlines serving them, except for the Schiphol Group -operated Terminal 4. All terminals can handle international arrivals that are not pre-cleared. Most inter-terminal connections require passengers to exit security, then walk, use

5400-693: The Van Wyck Expressway in April 1960. At the time, that project was planned to cost $ 3.48 million. Work on the Van Wyck Expressway Extension, as it was originally known, began in late 1961. The extension opened on December 30, 1963, although the Long Island Expressway and Jewel Avenue interchanges were not yet completed at the time. The opening of the Jewel Avenue interchange had been delayed by six weeks after

5508-446: The Whitestone Bridge and Parkway was legally designated in July 1937. The Whitestone Bridge and Parkway both opened on April 29, 1939. Construction on the bridge and parkway had been accelerated in preparation for the 1939 New York World's Fair , which opened one day after the Whitestone Bridge and Parkway. The new highway was intended as a major thoroughfare to the World's Fair, which was hosted in Flushing Meadows–Corona Park , near

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5616-424: The Whitestone Expressway. The Whitestone Expressway continues northward along with the Van Wyck into College Point , where the service roads resume. I-678 passes over Linden Place, served by exit 14, and continues northeastward past the distribution center of The New York Times to the west. Shortly afterward, I-678's service roads intersect with 20th Avenue in Whitestone , and there are ramps to and from

5724-424: The Whitestone Parkway in May 1960, and work on the parkway began near Northern Boulevard in September 1961. Contracts for the upgrade were awarded in September 1962. The portion of the Hutchinson River Parkway south of Bruckner Boulevard and all of the Whitestone Parkway were converted to Interstate standards. The Whitestone Parkway was subsequently renamed the Whitestone Expressway, and the aforementioned segment of

5832-402: The Whitestone Parkway's southern end. In 1953, work began on an interchange between Willets Point Boulevard, Northern Boulevard, and Whitestone Parkway, at the parkway's southern end. In the 1940s, Moses proposed the construction of a system of highways that would traverse the New York City area. The plan was to cost $ 800 million (equivalent to $ 13.6 billion in 2023 ), and, in 1945,

5940-529: The aircraft in May 2003. Construction of the AirTrain JFK people-mover system began in 1998, after decades of planning for a direct rail link to the airport. Although the system was originally scheduled to open in 2002, it opened on December 17, 2003, after delays caused by construction and a fatal crash. The rail network links each airport terminal to the New York City Subway and the Long Island Rail Road at Howard Beach and Jamaica . The airport's new Terminal 1 opened on May 28, 1998; Terminal 4,

6048-542: The airport averaged 73 daily airline operations (takeoffs plus landings); the October 1951 Airline Guide shows nine domestic departures a day on National and Northwest. Much of Newark Airport 's traffic shifted to Idlewild (which averaged 242 daily airline operations in 1952) when Newark was temporarily closed in February 1952 after a series of three plane crashes in the two preceding months in Elizabeth, all of which had fatalities; flights were shifted to Idlewild and La Guardia, which could have planes take off and land over

6156-462: The airport via the Van Wyck Expressway (I-678) or JFK Expressway , both of which are connected to the Belt Parkway and various surface streets in South Ozone Park and Springfield Gardens . The airport operates parking facilities consisting of multi-level terminal garages, surface spaces in the Central Terminal Area, and a long-term parking lot with total accommodation for more than 17,000 vehicles. A travel plaza on airport property also contains

6264-440: The airport, crossing under airport taxiways as a six-lane freeway. Just after the taxiways, the expressway connects with North Service Road, which services the airport's western services. From there, the expressway begins to turn northward and crosses the United Airlines hangar. I-678 continues its northwestern path, curving to the northeast at the interchange with Federal Circle. From there, the highway continues northward, becoming

6372-403: The city agreed to pay $ 60 million (equivalent to $ 805 million in 2023 ) of that cost. Among them was the Van Wyck Expressway, which would stretch from Idlewild Airport (now JFK Airport) in the south to Queens Boulevard in the north. The six-lane expressway was to be built along the path of what was then Van Wyck Boulevard, and it was to cost $ 11.65 million. The original street and

6480-411: The city had tentatively chosen a large area of marshland on Jamaica Bay , which included the Idlewild Golf Course as well as a summer hotel and a landing strip called the Jamaica Sea-Airport, for a new airfield. Title to the land was conveyed to the city at the end of December 1941. Construction began in 1943, though the airport's final layout was not yet decided upon. About US$ 60 million

6588-445: The creek—but they eventually withdrew their opposition. Flushing Meadows Park was subsequently selected to host the 1964 New York World's Fair . In advance of the World's Fair, city officials announced in early 1960 that they would upgrade the Whitestone Parkway and extend the Van Wyck Expressway northward to the Whitestone Expressway. City officials approved a $ 10 million (equivalent to $ 78.9 million in 2023 ) project to upgrade

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6696-399: The early 1960s. The Hutchinson River and Whitestone Expressways were collectively designated as I-678 c.  1965 . The designation was extended southward in 1970 to follow the Van Wyck Expressway to its end at JFK Airport. I-678 begins at JFK Airport in the borough of Queens and proceeds along the stretch of highway known as the Van Wyck Expressway. I-678 progresses westward through

6804-403: The expressway crosses under Roosevelt Avenue and the IRT Flushing Line ( 7 and <7> ​ trains) of the New York City Subway . After crossing Roosevelt Avenue, I-678 passes Citi Field to the west, then intersects NY 25A (Northern Boulevard) and the Whitestone Expressway at the Flushing River Interchange, via exit 13. At this point, I-678 transitions onto

6912-414: The expressway passes over Francis Lewis Park and begins its approach onto the Whitestone Bridge over the East River . The highway leaves Queens and enters the Bronx along the bridge. The bridge descends to ground level and I-678 passes through an open-road toll gantry, which is located at the former site of a tollbooth. Afterward, the expressway intersects Lafayette Avenue. North of Lafayette Avenue

7020-558: The expressway's route. In 1946, the city started relocating or demolishing houses in the proposed expressway's right-of-way . The city had acquired 355 houses in the expressway's path, and it ultimately relocated 263 households, as well as the Van Wyck Avenue Congregational Church. In some cases, the city government placed existing houses on trailers and rolled them to vacant sites nearby, allowing residents to move back into their houses in as little as 24 to 48 hours. One four-story apartment building, which housed 35 families,

7128-413: The facility is Airbus A380 -compatible with service currently provided by Emirates to Dubai (both non-stop and one-stop via Milan ), and Etihad Airways to Abu Dhabi . Opened in early 2001 and designed by SOM , the 1.5-million-square-foot (140,000 m ) facility was built for $ 1.4 billion and replaced JFK's old International Arrivals Building (IAB), which opened in 1957 and was designed by

7236-680: The fleet. Its main function was to carry US military personnel to and from Europe from the east coast of the US. ONA also had a dedicated Douglas DC-7 F for freight operations. For a brief period from 1964 to 1965, ONA went into Chapter 11 bankruptcy to reorganize. Flights resumed in October 1965, this time operating Douglas DC-8 aircraft. Operations expanded to include flights to the Caribbean , Europe and India . Beginning in 1968, ONA acquired 11 secondhand Lockheed L-188 Electra turboprops, which were used for freight operations. The DC-8s serviced trans-Atlantic routes. The airline then acquired McDonnell Douglas DC-9-30 jetliners, which replaced

7344-493: The freeway were both named after former New York City Mayor Robert Anderson Van Wyck , but the pronunciation of "Wyck" was heavily disputed: depending on the person, "Wyck" could rhyme with either "lick" or "like". The Van Wyck Expressway was to be built to higher standards than New York's parkways , as it was intended to handle truck traffic. The highway would contain three lanes in each direction, as well as cobblestone shoulders. Several parks and playgrounds were also built along

7452-425: The highway turns northwestward once again, interchanging with Jewel Avenue via Park Drive East at exit 11. Crossing through Flushing Meadows–Corona Park , I-678 continues northward until exit 12, where there are ramps to College Point Boulevard and the westbound Long Island Expressway (I-495). After the interchange with the Long Island Expressway, the Van Wyck continues northeastward. A short distance later,

7560-406: The highway. The Gull Construction Company received the contract for the segment of the highway between Hoover Avenue and 88th Avenue in September 1950. A direct ramp from the northbound Van Wyck to Queens Boulevard opened in June 1953; prior to the opening of this segment, the northbound expressway was frequently congested. The extension to Grand Central Parkway opened on November 13, 1953, but

7668-486: The interchange, I-678 ends and the roadway continues as the Hutchinson River Parkway. The portion of I-678 north of NY 25A follows the path of the Whitestone Parkway and a short section of the Hutchinson River Parkway's Bronx extension. The Whitestone and Hutchinson River parkways were first opened in 1939, while the Van Wyck Expressway opened in pieces between 1950 and 1953. Both highways were connected to each other and upgraded to meet Interstate Highway standards in

7776-517: The manager and primary tenant of the building, functioning as its operating base at JFK. The terminal is also used by Cape Air . On November 12, 2014, JetBlue opened the International Arrivals Concourse (T5i) at the terminal. The terminal was redesigned by Gensler and constructed by Turner Construction , and sits behind the preserved Eero Saarinen -designed terminal originally known as the TWA Flight Center , which

7884-570: The new gates opening. Delta also opened a new Sky Club in Concourse A. The airline plans to open a lounge exclusive to Delta One customers by June 2024. It would be the largest in the airline's network. In 2019, American Express began construction of a Centurion lounge that subsequently opened in October 2020. The structural addition extends the headhouse between the control tower and gate A2, and includes 15,000 square-feet of dining, bars, and fitness facilities. In 2024, Terminal 4 announced an expansion of its Arts & Culture program with

7992-554: The next couple of years. Idlewild at the time had a single 79,280-square-foot (7,365 m ) terminal building; by 1949, the terminal building was being expanded to 215,501 square feet (20,021 m ). Further expansions would come in following years, including a control tower in 1952, as well as new and expanded buildings and taxiways . Idlewild opened with six runways and a seventh under construction; runways 1L and 7L were held in reserve and never came into use as runways. Runway 31R (originally 8,000 ft or 2,438 m)

8100-452: The now-renamed Kennedy Airport was given the codes JFK and KJFK, the fallen president's initials. Airlines began scheduling jets to Idlewild in 1958–59; LaGuardia did not get jets until 1964, and JFK became New York 's busiest airport. It had more airline takeoffs and landings than LaGuardia and Newark combined from 1962 to 1967 and was the second-busiest airport in the country, peaking at 403,981 airline operations in 1967. LaGuardia received

8208-468: The original parkway had opened in 1939, creating two U-turn ramps, and creating a new exit ramp from eastbound Northern Boulevard to Linden Place. Previously, traffic from Northern Boulevard had to cross over three lanes of northbound traffic from the Van Wyck Expressway. The Jamaica Branch of the AirTrain JFK people mover system was built within the median of the Van Wyck from Atlantic Avenue to

8316-549: The parkway to Interstate Highway standards using funds from the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956 , in which the federal government would pay 90 percent of the proposed highway's cost. The parkway would be expanded from two to four lanes in each direction, and the interchange with the Cross Island Parkway would also be upgraded. The design process for the upgrade was nearing completion when

8424-543: The planning. The money and jewellery have never been recovered. The heist's magnitude made it one of the longest-investigated crimes in U.S. history; the latest arrest associated with the robbery was made in 2014, which resulted in acquittal . All lines of AirTrain JFK , the airport's dedicated rail network, stop at each passenger terminal. The system also serves Federal Circle , the JFK long-term parking lot, and two multimodal rapid transit stations: Howard Beach and Jamaica . While AirTrain travel within airport property

8532-409: The point that a structural failure was imminent. This part of the Whitestone Expressway, as well as the Van Wyck Expressway from Fowler Avenue south to the Long Island Expressway, were renovated in the mid-1990s. Starting in 2003, the northbound lanes of the Whitestone Expressway near Northern Boulevard were renovated. The project involved replacing a bascule bridge that had been at the location since

8640-447: The primary operating base for JetBlue . The airport is also a former hub for Braniff , Eastern , Flying Tigers , National , Northeast , Northwest , Pan Am , Seaboard World , Tower Air , and TWA . The facility opened in 1948 as New York International Airport and was commonly known as Idlewild Airport . Following the assassination of John F. Kennedy in 1963, the airport was renamed John F. Kennedy International Airport as

8748-455: The prohibitive cost of removing the enormous installation. Pan American World Airways opened the Worldport (later Terminal 3) in 1960, designed by Tippetts-Abbett-McCarthy-Stratton. It featured a large, elliptical roof suspended by 32 sets of radial posts and cables; the roof extended 114 feet (35 m) beyond the base of the terminal to cover the passenger loading area. It

8856-463: The ramps from the Van Wyck Expressway to Main Street were delayed for another year, opening in November 1954. In December 1957, the state approved a $ 9.5 million (equivalent to $ 78.8 million in 2023 ) project to widen a 2.1-mile (3.4 km) segment of Whitestone Parkway from Northern Boulevard to the Bronx–Whitestone Bridge, build a new bridge over the Flushing River , and improve

8964-423: The revenue earmarked to support the agency's capital programs. JFK has five active terminals, containing 130 gates in total. The terminals are numbered 1–8 but skipping terminals 2 (demolished in 2023), 3 (demolished in 2013) and 6 (demolished in 2011). The terminal buildings, except for the former Tower Air terminal, are arranged in a deformed U-shaped wavy pattern around a central area containing parking,

9072-532: The route. Due to financial problems the airline ceased operations in December 1985, filing for bankruptcy in May 1986. John F. Kennedy International Airport John F. Kennedy International Airport ( IATA : JFK , ICAO : KJFK , FAA LID : JFK ) is a major international airport serving New York City and its metropolitan area . JFK Airport is located on the southwestern shore of Long Island , in Queens , New York City, bordering Jamaica Bay . It

9180-519: The same architectural firm. The new construction incorporated a mezzanine-level AirTrain station, an expansive check-in hall, and a four-block-long retail area. Terminal 4 has seen multiple expansions over the years. On May 24, 2013, the completion of a $ 1.4 billion project added mechanized checked-bag screening, a centralized security checkpoint (consolidating two checkpoints into one new fourth-floor location), nine international gates, improved U.S. Customs and Border Protection facilities, and, at

9288-486: The same year, the Gull Construction Company was contracted to install "safety plantings" in the median, consisting of shrubs and trees, to separate the different directions of traffic. New York state officials announced in 1960 that they would install a Jersey barrier in the Van Wyck's median, replacing the plantings, which had not been effective in preventing crashes. In April 1949, Dewey signed

9396-483: The service roads at exit 15. I-678 passes under 14th Avenue a short distance to the north. Just after 14th Avenue, the lefthand lanes of both directions diverge to exit 16, which continues onto Cross Island Parkway via a left exit. The service roads end at this point. After the interchange with Cross Island Parkway, the Van Wyck Expressway turns to the northwest as a six-lane expressway that passes through Whitestone. After exit 17, which serves 3rd Avenue,

9504-507: The service was suspended in 2009 due to poor demand, the aircraft was reintroduced in November 2010. Airlines operating A380s to JFK include Singapore Airlines (on its New York– Frankfurt – Singapore route), Lufthansa (on its New York– Frankfurt route), Korean Air (on its New York– Seoul route), Asiana Airlines (on its New York–Seoul route), Etihad Airways (on its New York–Abu Dhabi route), and Emirates (on its New York– Milan –Dubai and New York–Dubai routes). On December 8, 2015, JFK

9612-503: The soon-to-be-demolished Terminal 2 hardstands and Terminal 3. Delta sought funding from the New York City Industrial Development Agency, and work on Phase II was completed in January 2015. By 2017, plans to expand Terminal 4's passenger capacity were being floated in conjunction with a more significant JFK modernization proposal . In early 2020, Governor Cuomo announced that

9720-701: The southbound direction. A short distance later, the highway approaches a large interchange with NY 25 ( Queens Boulevard ) and Main Street at exits 8–9. After crossing under Hoover Avenue, I-678 enters the Kew Gardens Interchange , a complex interchange with traffic from five directions. I-678 crosses on overpasses over Union Turnpike , the Grand Central Parkway , the Jackie Robinson Parkway , and different interchange ramps before returning at-grade in Flushing . There,

9828-494: The state approved the project. The head of the Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority (TBTA), Robert Moses , stated that the upgrade could start in 1960. At the time of the announcement, the junction with Northern Boulevard was heavily congested because motorists used local streets to connect to the Grand Central Parkway , opposite Flushing Meadows Park from the Whitestone Parkway. In early 1959, Moses formally asked

9936-560: The time, the largest Sky Club lounge in Delta's network. Later that year, the expansion also improved passenger connectivity with Terminal 2 by bolstering inter-terminal JFK Jitney shuttle bus service and building a dedicated 8,000 square-foot bus holdroom facility adjacent to gate B20. Also in 2013, Delta, JFKIAT and the Port Authority agreed to a further $ 175 million Phase II expansion, which called for 11 new regional jet gates to supersede capacity previously provided by

10044-829: The two-lane ramps between the Grand Central Parkway and the Van Wyck Expressway would be upgraded to three lanes in each direction. South of the interchange, the expressway will be expanded from three lanes to four lanes in each direction, with the new lanes being used as either high-occupancy vehicle lanes (HOV lanes) or bus lanes . These projects, combined, would cost $ 1.5 billion–2 billion (equivalent to $ 1.83 billion–2.45 billion in 2023 ). In October 2018, Cuomo released details of his $ 13-billion (equivalent to $ 15.5 billion in 2023 ) plan to rebuild passenger facilities and approaches to JFK Airport. The plan included widened ramps in Kew Gardens and

10152-452: The water, rather than over the densely populated areas surrounding Newark Airport. The airport remained closed in Newark until November 1952, with new flight patterns that took planes away from Elizabeth. L-1049 Constellations and DC-7s appeared between 1951 and 1953 and did not use LaGuardia for their first several years, bringing more traffic to Idlewild. The April 1957 Airline Guide cites

10260-551: Was contracted to build retaining walls and utilities along the expressway's right of way. Construction was delayed several times; the state government had rejected bids for several major contracts, saying the bids were too high. One of the most complex aspects of the project was the replacement of an overpass carrying the Long Island Rail Road (LIRR) near the Jamaica station . The LIRR overpass alone cost $ 3.2 million, as contractors could not interrupt service on

10368-465: Was contracted to transport American currency that had been exchanged in Southeast Asia for deposit in the United States. Their aircraft regularly delivered three or four $ 60,000 packages at a time. Hill and associates obtained a key to a cement block strong room where the money was stored. They entered the unsecured cargo terminal and entered the strong room unchallenged. They took seven bags in

10476-491: Was demolished in 1995 and replaced with the current Terminal 1. American Airlines opened Terminal 8 in February 1960. It was designed by Kahn and Jacobs and had a 317-foot (97 m) stained-glass facade designed by Robert Sowers, the largest stained-glass installation in the world until 1979. The facade was removed in 2007 as the terminal was demolished to make room for the new Terminal 8; American cited

10584-537: Was demolished in 2023. National Airlines opened the Sundrome (later Terminal 6) in 1969. The terminal was designed by I.M.Pei . It was unique for its use of all-glass mullions dividing the window sections, unprecedented at the time. On October 30, 2000, United Airlines and the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey announced plans to redevelop this terminal and the TWA Flight Center as

10692-463: Was designed by William Nicholas Bodouva + Associates. It and Terminal 4 are the two terminals at JFK Airport with the capability of handling the Airbus A380 aircraft, which Korean Air flies on the route from Seoul–Incheon and Lufthansa from Munich . Air France operated Concorde here until 2003. Terminal 1 has 11 gates. Terminal 4, developed by LCOR, Inc., is managed by JFKIAT (IAT) LLC,

10800-582: Was expanded in 1970 to accommodate jetways. However, by the 1990s the overcrowded building was showing its age and it did not provide adequate space for security checkpoints. It was demolished in 2000 and replaced with Terminal 4. United Airlines and Delta Air Lines opened Terminal 7 (later renumbered Terminal 9), a SOM design similar to the IAB, in October 1959. It was demolished in 2008. Eastern Air Lines opened their Chester L. Churchill-designed Terminal 1 in November 1959. The terminal

10908-475: Was extended southward over the Van Wyck Expressway to JFK Airport on January 1, 1970. Although it is designated as a three-digit auxiliary Interstate Highway , I-678 never intersects with its ostensible "parent" Interstate, I-78 . Originally, I-78 would have continued eastward through New York City from its current terminus at the Holland Tunnel along the proposed Lower Manhattan Expressway and over

11016-402: Was for three airlines, and one was for international arrivals (National Airlines and British Airways arrived later). In addition, there would be an 11-story control tower, roadways, parking lots, taxiways, and a reflecting lagoon in the center. The airport was designed for aircraft up to 300,000-pound (140,000 kg) gross weight The airport had to be modified in the late 1960s to accommodate

11124-482: Was initially spent with governmental funding, but only 1,000 acres (400 ha) of the Idlewild Golf Course site were earmarked for use. The project was renamed Major General Alexander E. Anderson Airport in 1943 after a Queens resident who had commanded a Federalized National Guard unit in the southern United States and died in late 1942. The renaming was vetoed by Mayor La Guardia and reinstated by

11232-673: Was located on the site of present-day Terminal 1. Terminal 1 is served by SkyTeam carriers Air France , China Eastern Airlines , ITA Airways , Korean Air , Saudia , and Scandinavian Airlines ; Star Alliance carriers Air China , Air New Zealand , Asiana Airlines , Austrian Airlines , Brussels Airlines , Egyptair , EVA Air , Lufthansa , Swiss International Air Lines , TAP Air Portugal , and Turkish Airlines ; and Oneworld carrier Royal Air Maroc . Other airlines serving Terminal 1 include Air Serbia , Azores Airlines , Cayman Airways , Flair Airlines , Neos , Philippine Airlines , VivaAerobús , and Volaris . Terminal 1

11340-436: Was one of the first airline terminals in the world to feature jetways that connected to the terminal and that could be moved to provide an easy walkway for passengers from the terminal to a docked aircraft. Jetways replaced the need to have to board the plane outside via airstairs that descend from an aircraft, truck-mounted mobile stairs, or wheeled stairs. The Worldport was demolished in 2013. Trans World Airlines opened

11448-489: Was placed on metal rollers and relocated away from the expressway's path. Normally, new houses would have been built for these families, but there was not enough land to build individual homes for these families. After some of the houses were relocated, they were sold to military veterans at reduced prices. The first major contract for the Van Wyck Expressway's construction was awarded in September 1947, when Rusciano and Son

11556-511: Was the first U.S. airport to receive a commercial Airbus A350 flight when Qatar Airways began using the aircraft on one of its New York– Doha routes. The airport currently hosts the world's longest flight , Singapore Airlines Flights 23 and 24 (SQ23 and SQ24). The route was launched in 2020 between Singapore and New York JFK, and uses the Airbus A350 -900ULR. The Air France robbery took place in April 1967 when associates of

11664-571: Was used until 1990 by general aviation , STOL , and smaller commuter flights. The Avro Jetliner was the first jet airliner to land at Idlewild on April 16, 1950. A Sud Aviation Caravelle prototype was the next jet airliner to land at Idlewild, on May 2, 1957. Later in 1957, the USSR sought approval for two jet-powered Tupolev Tu-104 flights carrying diplomats to Idlewild; the Port Authority did not allow them, saying noise tests had to be done first. (The Caravelle had been tested at Paris.) In 1951,

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