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34-607: Among the commercial tenants of One Oxford Centre are Buchanan Ingersoll & Rooney PC , HFF Inc. , the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland Pittsburgh Branch , the Federal Home Loan Bank of Pittsburgh , and Morgan, Lewis & Bockius . The proposed tower was announced and submitted for county approval in October 1978 as the "Grant Land project". In April 1983, DeBartolo Company, which constructed

68-418: A limited liability company (LLC) may hold assets such as real estate, cars or boats. If a shareholder of a corporation is personally involved in a lawsuit or bankruptcy , these assets may be protected. A creditor of a shareholder of a Corp. or LLC cannot seize the assets of the company. However, the creditor may be able to seize ownership shares in the corporation, as they are considered a personal asset. In

102-637: A $ 1.2 billion fund. CBRE Group was appointed as the leasing agent to fill up the remaining vacant space in the building. Shorenstein implemented an intensive capital improvement program that included repairing deferred maintenance throughout the property as well as aesthetic upgrades to the lobby and common areas. Buchanan Ingersoll %26 Rooney Buchanan Ingersoll & Rooney PC is an American law firm and lobbying group based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania . The firm has more than 450 lawyers in offices in 15 U.S. cities. As of 2022, Buchanan Ingersoll

136-410: A board of trustees appointed by the governor. The board filed a suit challenging the constitutionality of the legislation. The suit alleged that the college enjoyed the right to contract and the government changing that contract was not allowed. Chief Justice John Marshall delivered the majority opinion and affirmed that the right to contract exists between owners of private property rather than between

170-433: A broad impact, there are disputes about how those technologies and the businesses they thrive in fit under the umbrella of laws that govern regulations and taxation. In 1886 one such taxation dispute arose between Santa Clara County and Southern Pacific Railroad . The railroad thought the tax code was misapplied to some of their property and assets. In deciding the case, a unanimous court ruled that governments must abide by

204-413: A business such as loans, accounts payable, and legal judgments. In a corporation, however, shareholders , directors and officers typically are not liable for the company's debts and obligations. They are limited in liability to the amount they have invested in the corporation. For example, if a shareholder purchased $ 100 in stock, no more than $ 100 can be lost. On the other hand, a corporation (Corp.) or

238-403: A direct campaign. The articles of incorporation (also called a charter , certificate of incorporation or letters patent ) are filed with the appropriate state office, listing the purpose of the corporation, its principal place of business and the number and type of shares of stock. A registration fee is due, which is usually between $ 25 and $ 1,000, depending on the state. A corporate name

272-606: A face-to-face meeting. In the UK, the process of incorporation is generally called company formation. The United Kingdom is one of the quickest locations to incorporate, with a fully electronic process and a very fast turnaround by the national registrar of companies, the Companies House . The current Companies House record is five minutes to vet and issue a certificate of incorporation for an electronic application. There are many different types of UK companies: In Canada ,

306-491: A government and its citizens. The case was the first case in US history that asked fundamental questions about corporate entities and the protections they enjoy; it also was a precedent-setting case in extending "individual rights" to corporations. The railroad was an expensive multi-year project that greatly changed and altered both the physical and commercial landscape of the country. As with most new technology developments that have

340-472: A means to observe this evolution. While these cases may seem arbitrary and decontextualized when examined individually, when viewed successively and within historical context, a narrative emerges that offers an explanation for why such views are upheld. In 1816, the New Hampshire state legislature passed a bill intended to turn privately owned Dartmouth College into a publicly owned university with

374-498: A view of corporations emerge that put them at odds with the normal working man. The election of Franklin D. Roosevelt was a manifestation of many populist sentiments the country might have felt. In 1933 a Florida case came before the court, again disputing taxation. In Liggett v. Lee the court ruled that there could be a corporate tax, essentially saying the structure of business was a justifiably discriminatory criterion for governments to consider when writing tax legislation. This

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408-461: A way to use it to influence politics and policy. In response, Massachusetts passed a law limiting corporate donations strictly to issues related to their industry. The First National Bank of Boston challenged the law on First Amendment grounds and won. First National Bank of Boston v. Bellotti allowed business to use financial speech in political causes of any nature. In 2010 amidst an outpouring of frustration and blame directed at Wall Street

442-569: Is capable of continuing indefinitely. Its existence is not affected by the death of shareholders, directors, or officers of the corporation. Ownership in a Corp. or LLC is easily transferable to others, either in whole or in part. Some state laws are particularly corporate-friendly. For example, the transfer of ownership in a corporation incorporated in US-DE is not required to be filed or recorded. Legal opinion on corporations has evolved significantly throughout history, and Supreme Court cases provide

476-412: Is generally made up of three parts: "distinctive element", "descriptive element", and a legal ending. All corporations must have a distinctive element, and in most filing jurisdictions, a legal ending to their names. Some corporations choose not to have a descriptive element. In the name "Tiger Computers, Inc.", the word "Tiger" is the distinctive element; the word "Computers" is the descriptive element; and

510-482: Is simply One Oxford Centre, the building is located on the 300 block of Grant Street . The tower has nearly 1,500,000 square feet (140,000 m) of office and high-end retail space. Since the tower's opening, it has been home to a full-service health/business club, The Rivers Club . The complex also contains a multi-level parking garage and some street-level retail and office space one block west of Grant Street. At night, forty-three 1,500-watt spotlights illuminate

544-611: Is the third-largest law firm in Pittsburgh by number of attorneys in its Pittsburgh office. The firm was founded in 1850 by Congressman Moses Hampton and his son, John. When Moses Hampton became chief judge of Allegheny County , William C. Moreland was brought in as an additional partner in 1868 and the firm was renamed Hampton & Moreland. The firm continued to grow and went through several name changes before incorporating in 1980. The firm shortened its name to Buchanan Ingersoll P.C. in 1983, and acquired two other firms during

578-507: The "Inc." is the legal ending. The legal ending indicates that it is in fact a legal corporation and not just a business registration or partnership . Incorporated, limited , and corporation, or their respective abbreviations (Inc., Ltd., Corp.) are the possible legal endings in the US. Usually, there are also corporate bylaws which must be filed with the state. Bylaws outline a number of important administrative details such as when annual shareholder meetings will be held, who can vote and

612-760: The 2000s: Burns, Doane, Swecker & Mathis in 2005, and Klett Rooney Lieber & Schorling PC in 2006, leaving the firm with its current name, Buchanan Ingersoll & Rooney. In December 2016, the firm announced a strategic affiliation with former Florida governor and presidential candidate Jeb Bush in order to boost the firm's practice in Florida, where it has six offices. Buchanan Ingersoll & Rooney has 17 law practices in areas including corporate , energy , Marcellus Shale , financial services , health care , intellectual property , labor and employment , immigration , bankruptcy and creditors' rights , tax , real estate , and litigation . The firm also has

646-620: The Centre with a total of 54,500 watts that create a glowing effect that is said to be greater than any other highrise in the United States . One Oxford Centre was developed by Oxford Development Company and designed by architecture firm Hellmuth, Obata, & Kassabaum . The most significant external change to One Oxford Centre since its construction was the addition of the PricewaterhouseCoopers logo on all sides of

680-468: The United States differ on a state by state basis. However, there are common pieces of information that states require to be included in the certificate of incorporation . A business purpose describes the incorporated tasks a company has to do or provide. The purpose can be general, indicating that the budding company has been formed to carry out "all lawful business" in the region. Alternatively,

714-445: The United States, corporations can sometimes be taxed at a lower rate than individuals. Also, corporations can own shares in other corporations and receive corporate dividends 80% tax-free. There are no limits on the amount of losses a corporation may carry forward to subsequent tax years. A sole proprietorship, on the other hand, cannot claim a capital loss greater than $ 3,000 unless the owner has offsetting capital gains. A corporation

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748-502: The amount a buyer is willing to pay. An Inc. stipulates the exact number of shares the corporation is willing to authorize. It is mandatory for every corporation to have stock. If the corporation is willing to permit both preferred as well as common shares of stock, then this should have a mention in the articles of incorporation, along with the voting rights information. Generally, preferred shares provide its shareholders preferential payments of distribution of assets or dividends, in case

782-636: The building in April 2023. One PPG Place now remains the tallest skyscraper in the city to lack branding on its façade. A composite image of the main tower of PPG Place and Oxford Centre is used as the Fiddler's Green luxury high-rise in the movie Land of the Dead . Another interesting fact is that a street (Cherry Way) passes through the tower on its lower levels. The building is featured in Episode 1656 of

816-423: The company shuts down its operations. A lot of small business owners only allow shares of common stock. There are a number of legal benefits that come with incorporation. One significant legal benefit is the protection of personal assets against the claims of creditors and lawsuits. Sole proprietors and general partners in a partnership are personally and jointly responsible for all the legal liability (LL) of

850-411: The final say with regards to the name chosen for the company. The name should not deceive or mislead consumers. Registered agents are responsible for receiving all legal and tax documentation on behalf of the corporation. Share per value refers to the stated minimum value and generally doesn't correspond to the actual share value. In reality, the value of a share is based on its fair market value or

884-402: The issue of corporate contributions came before the court again. In Citizens United v. FEC the court said there was virtually no distinction between monetary contributions and political speech, and because we do not limit political speech unless it is tantamount to bribery, corporations have the right as people to donate unlimited amounts of money to any political cause so long as it is not to

918-519: The largest state-government lobbying practice in Pennsylvania and one of the top 20 federal lobbying practices nationwide. Headquarters: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ( Union Trust Building ) Incorporation (business) Incorporation is the formation of a new corporation . The corporation may be a business , a nonprofit organization , sports club , or a local government of a new city or town . Specific incorporation requirements in

952-535: The manner in which shareholders will be notified if there is need for an additional "special" meeting. Corporations can only deduct net operating losses going back two years and forward 20 years. Assuming a corporation has not sold stock to the public, conducting corporate business is straightforward. Often, it amounts to recording key corporate decisions (for example, borrowing money or buying real estate) and holding an annual meeting. These formalities can often be supplanted by written agreement and do not usually need

986-762: The process of incorporation can be done either at the federal or provincial level. Companies which incorporate with the federal government will generally need to register extra-provincially in the province that they elect to do business. Similarly, a provincial corporation may need to register extra-provincially if they are to have offices outside of their home province. Incorporated Canadian companies can generally use either Corp., Corporation, Inc., Incorporated, Incorporée, Limited, Limitée, Ltd., Ltée, Société par actions de régime fédéral, and S.A.R.F in their name, but this may vary from province to province. Note that there are two government structures operating within Canada. French system

1020-455: The purpose can be specific, furnishing a more detailed explanation of the products and/or services to be offered by their company. The chosen name should be followed with a corporate identifier such as "Corp.", "Inc.", or "Co.". A preliminary name availability search is advisable prior to the submission of the Articles of Incorporation. In the case of online incorporation, the state will have

1054-423: The same tax code enforcement for individuals that it did for corporations. While not explicitly stated in the case, it was implied that this case extended equal protection rights to corporations under the 14th amendment . The booming economy the railroad corporations helped build from the late 19th into the early 20th centuries came to a screeching halt in 1929. The Great Depression , as it came to be known, helped

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1088-895: The television program Mister Rogers' Neighborhood on "Up and Down." Mr. Rogers and the "Speed Delivery"-man Mr. McFeely ride the building's escalators and elevators up and down. The tower is used for exterior shots of the Newman tower on the CBS daytime soap opera, The Young and the Restless . Since developing the Property in 1983, Oxford Development had been the sole owner and operator. In January 2016 San Francisco-based Shorenstein Properties acquired One Oxford Centre under its Shorenstein Realty Investors Eleven LP,

1122-550: The tower, announced plans for "Two Oxford Centre" to the immediate northeast of the main tower and across the street from Pittsburgh City Hall and the Frick Building . Two Oxford Centre was to be noticeably taller than One Oxford, however the plans and development were dependent on securing a majority tenant which never materialized. Completed in 1983, One Oxford Centre has 46 floors in its main tower and rises 615 feet (187 m) above Downtown Pittsburgh. Although its address

1156-415: Was a unique ruling handed down during a unique time in US history that denied a corporation freedom it sought in the courtroom. From 1940 to 1990 the percent of total GDP made up by financial service professionals increased by 300%. Along with that growth there was a growth in the profits this industry experienced as well. As the disposable income of banks and other financial institutions rose, they sought

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