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53-509: Its construction was completed in August 2011. However, due to delays in the construction of Brazilian checkpoint facilities, the bridge was not open to traffic for many years. The bridge's designer was the Italian engineer Mario de Miranda . The inauguration ceremony of the bridge finally took place on 18 March 2017. Starting from 08:00 on 20 March 2017, the bridge has been open to members of

106-646: A maximum validity of 2 years and contains a biometric chip ; it can be used to cross the border without having to present a Brazilian passport . The arrangement came into effect on 1 January 2015 and, as of 1 October 2015, over 200 cards had been issued to Brazilian citizens resident in Oiapoque . According to the French government, the Brazilian government was 'largely satisfied' with this arrangement (though it fell short of full visa waiver reciprocity). Even though

159-410: A mentor: With pen & ink that were at his command to churn out lines that every nib would be jealous of, he brushed aside the old school of cartooning using the brush, and set a new norm to use the nib pen and to master it for this branch of art. Mario created characters that gave his daily audience their quota of a smile without malice. His trips around the globe produced subtle close observations of

212-437: A model of the bridge between France and Brazil was finally unveiled by French president Nicolas Sarkozy and Brazilian president Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva on February 14, 2008. The site chosen for the positioning of the bridge required a length of 378 metres (1,240 ft), which includes a span of approximately 200 metres (660 ft) over water, and valued at R$ 62,100,000 (approximately US$ 50,000,000). Construction of

265-454: A noticeable amount of rain is observed even during the dry season, a trait common to a number of other areas with this climate. Average temperatures are relatively consistent throughout the year, hovering around 23 °C (73 °F) in the mornings and 31 °C (88 °F) in the afternoon. The municipality is subdivided in five districts: In 1992, the villages of Curiaú de Dentro, Curiaú de Fora, Casa Grande, Curralinho and Mocambo in

318-531: A road junction in Mumbai was named after Miranda. In May 2016, Google honoured him with a doodle on his 90th birth anniversary. The doodle showcased a typical Mumbai neighbourhood scene during the rains. Macap%C3%A1 Macapá ( Brazilian Portuguese pronunciation: [makaˈpa] ) is a city in Brazil with a population of 512,902 (2020 estimate), and is the capital of Amapá state in

371-888: A slot, even though they had rejected him at first. Thereafter, his creations, such as Miss Nimbupani and Miss Fonseca, appeared on a regular basis in Femina , Economic Times , and The Illustrated Weekly of India . Mario then won a grant by the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation and lived in Portugal for year, helping him "broaden his horizons". He then moved to London , working for different newspapers and even working in television animation. During his five years spent there, his caricatures were published in magazines like Mad , Lilliput and Punch . He then travelled to many countries, either working or conducting exhibitions. Miranda returned to India for good in

424-536: A small air base built by the United States during World War II to secure strategic bases in the South Atlantic region. Macapá is an economic center of northern Brazil and serves as a commercial hub of the state of Amapá. Gold, iron, lumber, manganese, oil, timber, and tin ore from the interior of the state pass through Amapá on to Port of Santana in the neighboring municipality of Santana . It

477-628: A visa to enter French Guiana , a requirement which was justified by the French government on the grounds of high levels of illegal immigration by Brazilians working as gold panners in French Guiana ). In 2014, the Brazilian and French governments reached an agreement allowing residents of Oiapoque in Brazil and Saint-Georges-de-l'Oyapock in French Guiana to apply for a local border crossing card ('carte de frontalier'), enabling them to visit each other's city visa-free for up to 72 hours (but not further inland). The local border crossing card has

530-475: Is approximately 60.62 inhabitants per km . Macapá has a few roads to other cities in Brazil but is mainly connected to the rest of the country by air and sea. Macapá is located 345 kilometres (214 mi) from Belém , but the cities are separated by the large inland island of Marajó and have no direct highway connections; the city is accessible only by boat or airplane. Macapá is connected to French Guiana by

583-481: Is now possible to drive from Cayenne to Macapá , the capital of the Brazilian state of Amapá , although parts of the BR-156 federal highway on the Brazilian side are yet to be paved (of the 600 km (370 mi) between Oiapoque and Macapá , around 105 km (65 mi) has not yet been paved). Though the bridge was officially announced in 1997, it was only after nearly 10 years of stalling and talks that

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636-777: Is part of the Guianese Shield Hub of the Initiative for the Integration of the Regional Infrastructure of South America . The construction of this bridge came after the signing of an international treaty between France and Brazil in July 2005. Furthermore, the connection between Route N2 and BR-156 is yet another initiative undertaken under the scope of the Brazilian government's PAC (Growth Acceleration Plan) infrastructure project. The Route BR-156

689-503: Is planned to build a bridge between Suriname and Guyana, replacing the current ferry. Onwards to Venezuela, one can only travel by sea, but a road link is planned. In this case, it will be possible to drive from Macapá to Venezuela and Colombia with only one ferry crossing. Though the Oyapock Bridge was to be inaugurated in early 2012, it remained closed as the road on the Brazilian side was not completely paved. As of April 2013,

742-493: Is the fifth wealthiest city in northern Brazil, with a GDP of R$ 2,826,458,000 (2005). The city has a notably high rate of economic growth and a per capita income of R$ 7,950 (2005). Portuguese is the official national language, and the primary language taught in schools. English and French are also part of the official high school curriculum. The fortress of St. Joseph is a Vauban -style star fort built between 1764 and 1782 to replace two previous fortifications located in

795-484: The 137-hectare (340-acre) Fazendinha Environmental Protection Area , created in 2004. The Macapá region includes large tracts of tropical rainforest and experiences relatively high rainfall. Macapá features a tropical monsoon climate ( Am ) under the Köppen climate classification , with a lengthy wet season from December through July, and a relatively short dry season that covers the remaining four months. However,

848-479: The 1970s. In 1951, he collaborated with Sanskrit scholar Jose Pereira and IAS officer Alban Couto ( Maria Aurora Couto 's husband) to publish a special issue of Marg on Goan art and culture. He loved to travel and listening to music and it was his ambition to experiment further with water colours and to write memories of his early years in Goa, on retirement. He was not able to fulfil these two latter ambitions. In

901-559: The 1990s, Rushi Yazdegardi (then owner) of Café Mondegar asked Mario Miranda to draw murals (cartoons) on two opposite walls. Both walls have different themes. Whilst one wall is dedicated to the Life in Mumbai , the other wall is dedicated to Atmosphere in the Café . When the new municipal market of Panjim was inaugurated in 2004, Miranda was invited to paint a mural on its walls by then Chief Minister Manohar Parrikar . Delighted with how

954-481: The 3rd largest in the North Region. The city alone accounts for sixty percent of the population of state of Amapá and 3.50% of the population of the entire northern region of Brazil. According to the 2010 census, the city has a population of 397,913, of which 97.92% live in urban areas and 2.08% live in rural districts. With an area of 6,563 square kilometres (2,534 sq mi), the population density of Macapá

1007-537: The Brazilian border outposts are completed, only passenger vehicles (not cargo vehicles or public transportation vehicles) are permitted access. As the Brazilian side of the bridge is not staffed, travellers arriving in Brazil are required to stop at the offices of the Secretaria da Receita Federal do Brasil and the Federal Police in Oiapoque to regularise their entry. With the bridge open to traffic, it

1060-729: The Brazilian checkpoint had not yet been completed and full visa waiver reciprocity had not yet been achieved, due to pressure from the French government, the bridge was inaugurated on 18 March 2017 in the presence of officials from Brazil and French Guiana (including the Governor of Amapá , Waldez Góes , the Prefect of French Guiana , Martin Jaeger, and the Mayor of Saint-Georges-de-l'Oyapock , Georges Elfort). The French Minister of Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy , Ségolène Royal ,

1113-722: The Brazilian federal highway BR-156 , which runs north of the city through the Amazonian jungle. The city is connected with the rest of the North Region via the following highways: the AP-010, linking Macapá to Santana to the southwest; the AP-030, linking to the city of Mazagão ; the BR-156, linking the south of Amapá and Laranjal do Jari to the northern town of Oiapoque . The Oyapoque River Bridge has been open to traffic since March 20, 2017, linking Brazil and French Guiana by road for

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1166-794: The President of the Republic Aníbal Cavaco Silva , made him "Commander of the Order of Prince Henry ", a Portuguese National Order of knighthood. Mario Miranda was posthumously awarded the Padma Vibhushan , India's second highest civilian award, by the President of India on 4 April 2012. After his death in 2011, the Goa Legislative Assembly made an obituary reference to him in March 2012. In 2013,

1219-600: The United States and also got a chance to work with Charles M. Schulz , the creator of Peanuts ) and met Herblock , the editorial cartoonist of the Washington Post. He held solo exhibitions in over 22 countries, including the United States, Japan, Brazil, Australia, Singapore, France, Yugoslavia, and Portugal. After retirement, Miranda lived in his ancestral home, at Loutolim , a village in Salcete , Goa, with his wife Habiba. Even after he retired, Miranda's work

1272-619: The age of 10, sketching the life around him. He studied at St. Joseph's Boys' High School, Bangalore and then did a B.A. in history at St. Xavier's College, Mumbai , while focusing on the Indian Administrative Service (IAS). Thereafter he started studying architecture at the behest of his parents, though he soon lost interest. He then began getting small commissions and would sketch people in his private diaries in 1949. He loved good food and red wine in moderation but would mainly visit eateries and taverns to document

1325-601: The border between France and Brazil, and indeed it is the first terrestrial crossing between French Guiana and any of its neighbors in northern South America. Currently, there is a good ferry that crosses the Maroni River between French Guiana and Suriname that links Albina, in Suriname, with Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni in French Guiana. It is also possible to travel from Albina to Georgetown (Guyana) by highway; it

1378-551: The bridge was undertaken by a partnership between EGESA and the Consórcio Metropolitano de Transportes - CMT, both of which are headquartered in Brasília. The Professor Carlos Augusto Bittencourt Foundation - FUNCAB (based in the city of Niterói, Rio de Janeiro) was hired to oversee the environmental engineering of the project, so that the construction of the bridge does not harm the natural environment. The bridge

1431-466: The city. It was built to safeguard the northern extremity of Brazil and to control the Amazon Delta . It is one of the main sights of the city of Macapa. The Marco Zero monument  [ pt ] was built to mark the position of the equator in the city and to show the passage of the sun. At the spring and the autumn equinox the sun rises and sets on the line of the equator and shines on

1484-631: The country's North Region , located on the northern channel of the Amazon Delta near its mouth on the Atlantic Ocean. The city is on a small plateau on the Amazon in the southeast of the state of Amapá. The only access by road from outside the province is from the overseas French department of French Guiana , although there are regular ferries to Belém , Brazil . Macapá is linked by road with some other cities in Amapá. The equator runs through

1537-416: The first time. Macapá International Airport (officially: Aeroporto Internacional de Macapá – Alberto Alcolumbre ) is located 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) from the city center and serves as a vital link between Macapá and other cities in Brazil. Commercial flights connect Macapá to Belém , Brasília , Fortaleza , Recife Airport , Rio de Janeiro, Salvador , and São Paulo . The airport traces its history to

1590-484: The home matches of several local teams. The municipality contains the 111-hectare (270-acre) Parazinho Biological Reserve , created in 1985 to protect an island in the Amazon River . It contains the 21,676-hectare (53,560-acre) Rio Curiaú Environmental Protection Area , created in 1992 to protect an area near the urban center from city sprawl, and to protect the culture of the traditional inhabitants. It contains

1643-677: The late 1980s and was offered back his old job with the Times of India in Mumbai, where he worked with noted cartoonist, R.K. Laxman . Thereafter, Miranda met artist Habiba Hydari. Habiba was part of Hyderabad based Hydari family and grand-daughter of Akbar Hydari . They got married and had two sons, Rahul and Rishad. Miranda's big break came in 1974, when, at the invitation of the United States Information Services, he travelled to America, which enabled him to promote his art and interact with other cartoonists in

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1696-509: The lives of the patrons. Miranda started his career in an advertising studio, where he worked for four years, before taking up cartooning full-time. He got his first break as a cartoonist with The Illustrated Weekly of India which published a few of his works. His drawings & cartoons also brought him an offer to work at the Current magazine. A year later, the Times of India offered him

1749-627: The local musings – a fitting example of how far can one stretch the parameters of this branch of neglected art. According to Aaron Renier (who created the Google Doodle commemorating Miranda on his 90th birth anniversary in 2016), Miranda's most popular style of cartooning was "very flat with criss-crossing interactions". Renier went on to explain: That is what I liked most about his work. Trying to pick out who knows who, who's watching who, who's annoyed by who, who's enamoured by who. Miranda's cartoons often indulged in sexist stereotypes, with

1802-500: The middle of the city, leading residents to refer to Macapá as " The capital of the middle of the world. " It covers 6,407.12 square kilometres (2,473.80 sq mi) and is located northwest of the large inland island of Marajó and south of the border with French Guiana . Macapá is a corruption of the Tupi word macapaba , or " place of many bacabas ", the fruit of the local palm tree. The Spaniard Francisco de Orellana claimed

1855-470: The momentary smile most cartoons are content to induce... he created multitudes that had a collective melody and mood, his backgrounds were never in excess, always a quaint minimalism that endeared and endured-he also pressed towards the foreground an impressionist zeal that had a zing to it. Besides cartooning, Miranda's murals are present on various buildings in Goa and other parts of India. Late in life he took to paintings which received wide response. Over

1908-553: The monument along the Avenue Equatorial, which runs for a mile due east of it. The Estádio Milton Corrêa , usually known as the Zerão ("Big Zero", from its position on the equator), is a multi-purpose stadium located in central Macapá on the R. Ilvaldo Alves Veras east of the university (UNIFAP). The stadium has a maximum capacity of 10,000 people and was built in 1990. It is used mostly for football matches and hosts

1961-468: The nature of the contours of his work, stating that his "geometric jiggles" coupled with subtle colours helped convey the emotions of the characters. His works would include people from all walks of life interacting with one another. Additionally, he would capture the essence of Goan life. She goes on to describe: Mario’s drawings, like his signature, had a squared-off, serene quality, a frame of high and mischievous intention that suggested aspirations beyond

2014-404: The new complex had turned out, he refused to charge fees from the government for his work. Miranda's house features in the 1985 Shyam Benegal film, Trikaal , which is loosely based on Miranda's family. Benegal admitted to having been deeply influenced by Miranda's house and family after a visit. He recalls how during his visit, he was told of how one of Miranda's ancestors accidentally killed

2067-559: The opening was scheduled for the end of 2013, but as of January 2015 the bridge had still not opened due to delays in the construction of the Brazilian customs facility, and no opening date was forecast. Another reason for the delayed opening of the bridge, as identified by Brazilian Senator João Capiberibe , was the lack of reciprocity pertaining to the visa requirements for Brazilian and French nationals entering each other's territory (French nationals could enter Brazil visa-free for up to 3 months, whereas Brazilian nationals had to obtain

2120-447: The original cartoons and paintings of Mario de Miranda. The Life of Mario: 1949 , a compilation of caricatures drawn by the 23-year old Mario Miranda in 1949, was also released by da Cunha. This was the third in a series that includes the years 1950 and 1951. In 1988, Miranda was featured in the national integration " Mile Sur Mera Tumhara " video, which included multiple notable Indians in arts, films, literature, music, and sports. He

2173-556: The public. The bridge is toll-free and is accessible to both private cars and pedestrians. On the French side, there is a border checkpoint staffed by three governmental agencies: the Border Police , Customs and the Directorate for Food, Agriculture and Forestry . The border checkpoint is open from 08:00 to 12:00 and from 14:00 to 18:00 on weekdays, and is closed on Saturdays, Sundays and Brazilian public holidays . Until

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2226-468: The region in 1544 and called it Nueva Andalucía (New Andalusia ). The modern town began as the base of a Portuguese military detachment, stationed there in 1738. On February 4, 1758, Sebastião Veiga Cabral, the illegitimate child of the military governor of Trás-os-Montes , Sebastião Veiga Cabral, founded the town of São José de Macapá, under the authority of the governor of Pará , Francisco Xavier de Mendonça Furtado. The fortress of São Joselito de Macapá

2279-407: The walls of his home, until his mother brought him a blank book. He then began making personalised postcards for his friends, charging them a token amount, in the 1930s and 1940s. He even started getting into trouble at school, for sketching Catholic priests. Mario Miranda's early cartoons presented vignettes of Goan village life, a theme he is best known for even today. He would maintain diaries from

2332-413: The women being drawn as curvaceous and having bulging eyes. He would observe people everywhere (like eateries, taverns, weddings, the bus stop, the post office) and document their social life. However, he always stayed away from drawing political cartoons. Art critic Uma Nair describes how all his work was subtly witty. Describing his drawing style, she finds that his tales were told through cubism and

2385-527: The wrong Rane during the Revolt of the Ranes in Goa, a story which inspired him to make the film. In 2005, Gerard da Cunha began working on a book on the artist and collected 13,000 of Miranda's works, tracking them down through various sources. In 2016, an exhibition titled "A pocketful of chuckles " on the works of Mário de Miranda was held at Gallery Gitanjali at Panaji . This was the largest exhibition of

2438-720: The years, he published several books, including Laugh it Off , Goa with Love , and Germany in Wintertime . Besides his own books, he illustrated books by Dom Moraes ( A Journey to Goa ), Manohar Malgonkar ( Inside Goa ) and Mario Cabral e Sá ( Legends of Goa ). He also illustrated many children's books, including Dul-Dul , The Magic Clay Horse (1968), The Adventures of Pilla the Pup (1969), and Lumbdoom, The Long-Tailed Langoor (1968), all written by Uma Anand and published by India Book House , Mumbai, under its Echo imprint. He also illustrated for Balbharati textbooks by MSBTPCR in

2491-818: Was an Indian cartoonist and painter based in Loutolim , Goa . He had been a regular with The Times of India and other newspapers in Mumbai , including The Economic Times , though he got his popularity with his works published in The Illustrated Weekly of India . He was awarded India's second highest civilian award, the Padma Vibhushan (posthumously) in 2012. Miranda was born in Daman , then in Portuguese India , to Goan Catholic parents. At an early age, he would draw caricatures and sketch on

2544-694: Was awarded the Padma Shri in 1988, the Padma Bhushan in 2002 and All India Cartoonists's Association, Bangalore, honoured him with a lifetime achievement award. The King of Spain, Juan Carlos , conferred on Mario the highest civilian honour of "Cross of the Order of Isabel the Catholic " which was presented to him on 11 November 2009 at his family home in Loutulim by tourism counsellor Don Miguel Nieto Sandoval. On 29 December 2009 Portugal, under

2597-525: Was conceived as development factor and a national security initiative. In the words of Walter do Carmo pioneer, entrepreneur and engineer actively involved on the project, "the federal highway BR-156 was planned to establish the terrestrial junction between the Amazon River Basin, south of Macapá and Oyapock River Basin in northern Brazil's border with French Guiana." This bridge is the first land crossing (ferries have been used historically) along

2650-536: Was elevated to city status in 1854. Macapá gained international notoriety in December 2001 when international yachtsman Peter Blake , from New Zealand, was murdered while anchored on his explorer yacht Seamaster in Macapá port. According to Business Insider , Macapá is the 69th most violent city in the world, with 26.06 homicides per 100,000 people. Macapá has a population of 499,163 in its metropolitan area ,

2703-515: Was first laid out in 1764, but took 18 years to complete, due to illness among the Indian workers, and numerous escapes made by black slaves. Macapá experienced an intense hurricane in the Summer of 1811 causing extensive damage to the fortifications there but leaving much of the city intact. Around 1834 Macapá a strange, month-long storm caused flooding upwards of six inches a day for the region. Macapá

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2756-661: Was originally due to attend the inauguration ceremony, but in the end was not present. The official reason for her absence at the inauguration ceremony was that her Brazilian counterpart would not be present, but local media suggested that the actual reason was the various protests she faced during her visit in French Guiana, which led her to cut short her visit in the overseas department and fly back to Paris on 17 March 2017. Mario de Miranda Indian St. Xavier's College, Mumbai Mário João Carlos do Rosário de Brito Miranda ComIH (2 May 1926 – 11 December 2011), popularly known as Mario Miranda or Mario de Miranda ,

2809-643: Was seen regularly in Mumbai publications, and he was invited to travel to countries such as Mauritius and Spain, and draw their local cultures. On 11 December 2011, Miranda died of natural causes at his home in Loutolim. Mario's body was then taken to the Hindu crematorium at Pajifond in Margao, where his pyre was lit by his younger son Rishaad as per his wishes. Indian cartoonist Graphi and fine artist, Vijay N Seth (Vins) paid tribute to Miranda, whom he considered as

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