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44-640: Launched in 2011 as an art collective with a commission from the Glorya Kaufman Presents Dance at the Los Angeles Music Center ., L.A. Dance Project was founded by Millepied, Nico Muhly , Nicholas Britell , art advisor Matthieu Humery and producer Charles Fabius. L.A. Dance Project premiered at Walt Disney Concert Hall on September 22, 2012. The program featured Quintett by William Forsythe , Winterbranch by Merce Cunningham , and Moving Parts by Millepied, in

88-411: A company . Many artist collectives had and still have a major and significant influence on the various epochs of art history . In a broader sense, literary groups and group formations of musicians can also be referred to as artist collectives or groups. The aim of the artistic initiatives was and still is to get in touch with other artists, to point out avant-garde or newly defined efforts in art in

132-479: A bank account, enter into contracts (rent real estate, hire employees, take out an insurance policy), or sue or be sued. In France , all voluntary associations are non-profit. They may count as unincorporated ( association non-déclarée ) or incorporated ( association déclarée ) and are created in terms of and governed by the Waldeck-Rousseau Act 1901. This is why association loi (de) 1901

176-577: A broad and original form of nonprofit organizations, and have existed since ancient history. In Ancient Greece , for example, there were various organizations ranging from elite clubs of wealthy men ( hetaireiai ) to private religious or professional associations. In preindustrial societies, governmental administrative duties were often handled by voluntary associations such as guilds . In medieval Europe, guilds often controlled towns. Merchant guilds enforced contracts through embargoes and sanctions on their members, and also adjudicated disputes. However, by

220-533: A collaboration with composer Nico Muhly and visual artist Christopher Wool . Shortly after founding the company, Millepied was appointed the Director of the Paris Opera Ballet , and for two years, he ran both companies concurrently. Millepied returned to Los Angeles, and full-time to L.A. Dance Project in 2016. The company has toured all over the world, performing in venues and festivals including

264-451: A collective space, for exhibiting or as workshop or studio facilities. Some newer, more experimental kinds of groups include intentional networks, anonymous, connector, hidden or nested groups, and groups with unconventional time-scales. Artist collectives may be formed: Voluntary association A voluntary group or union (also sometimes called a voluntary organization , common-interest association , association , or society )

308-717: A common interest, although this term is not widely used or understood. Voluntary associations may be incorporated or unincorporated ; for example, in the US, unions gained additional powers by incorporating. In the UK, the terms voluntary association or voluntary organisation cover every type of group from a small local residents' association to large associations (often registered charities ) with multimillion- pound turnover that run large-scale business operations (often providing some kind of public service as subcontractors to government departments or local authorities). Voluntary association

352-472: A transaction in the name of the association takes responsibility for that transaction, just as if it were that individual's personal transaction. There are many countries where the formation of truly independent voluntary associations is effectively proscribed by law or where they are theoretically legally permitted, but in practice are persecuted; for example, where membership brings unwelcome attention from police or other state agencies. Voluntary groups are

396-474: Is a co-operative which is usually founded on one person-one vote principle and distributes its profits according to the amount of goods produced or bought by the members. Associations may take the form of a non-profit organization or they may be not-for-profit corporations ; this does not mean that the association cannot make benefits from its activity, but all the benefits must be reinvested. Most associations have some kind of document or documents that regulate

440-423: Is a group of individuals who enter into an agreement, usually as volunteers , to form a body (or organization ) to accomplish a purpose. Common examples include trade associations , trade unions , learned societies , professional associations , and environmental groups . All such associations reflect freedom of association in ultimate terms (members may choose whether to join or leave), although membership

484-422: Is also used to refer to political reforms, especially in the context of urbanization, granting individuals greater freedoms to associate in civil society as they wished, or not at all. In many jurisdictions no formalities are necessary to start an association. In some jurisdictions, there is a minimum for the number of persons starting an association. Some jurisdictions require that the association register with

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528-518: Is in force in South Australia , allows for the creation of a legal entity able to buy and sell land and in general, enter into legally binding contracts. Many clubs and societies begin life as an unincorporated body and seek to attain incorporated status to protect its members from legal liability and in many cases to seek government financial assistance only available to an incorporated body. Clubs and societies wishing to incorporate must meet

572-400: Is not necessarily voluntary in the sense that one's employment may effectively require it via occupational closure . For example, in order for particular associations to function effectively, they might need to be mandatory or at least strongly encouraged, as is true of trade unions . Because of this, some people prefer the term common-interest association to describe groups which form out of

616-516: Is not uncommon for larger groups of artists to emerge from the "nucleus" of a duo, such as the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood , for example, developed from the founding duo John Everett Millais and William Holman Hunt . Designations such as " The Tachists " or Junge Wilde (The Young Wild Ones) cannot be assigned to any real groups of artists; they merely indicate common stylistic features within an epoch. A clear indication of

660-440: Is relevant to the needs of the artist ; this can range from purchasing bulk materials , sharing equipment, space or materials, to following shared ideologies , aesthetic and political views or even living and working together as an extended family . Sharing of ownership, risk, benefits, and status is implied, as opposed to other, more common business structures with an explicit hierarchy of ownership such as an association or

704-483: Is subjoined to their name, except in the Alsace - Moselle area, which is governed by local law in this regard (the area was German in 1901), and are therefore called association loi (de) 1908 . If the association responding to defined criteria, like social or medical help, for example, they can be declared "public utility association" ( association d'utilité publique ) by French authorities. Associations created under

748-443: Is the personal decision of the individual to align their place of residence with that of like-minded artists, which can be conducive to the optimal further development of the respective art movement. The opposite extreme of an artist group is the artist duo – the smallest, but also the most symbiotic form. Often there are real-life partnerships (as with Niki de Saint Phalle and Jean Tinguely , or also with Gilbert & George ). It

792-529: Is to be treated under the laws. In the United States, voluntary associations which were incorporated were "pre-eminent" in collective action. In California , during the 1980s, then Los Angeles County district attorney Ira Reiner decided to use California's unincorporated associations law to attack street gangs and the habit of their members of tagging graffiti in public spaces, in an attempt to abate vandalism and to recover cleanup costs. He sued

836-659: The Edinburgh International Festival , Brooklyn Academy of Music , Théâtre du Châtelet , Sadlers Wells , and Esplanade – Theatres on the Bay . Since its founding in 1896, luxury jewellery brand Van Cleef & Arpels has drawn inspiration from dance, with the first ballerina clips appearing from the Maison in the 1940s. The collaboration between L.A. Dance Project and Van Cleef & Arpels began in 2012, when Nicolas Bos, CEO of VCA, met Millepied , and

880-616: The English trust law case Conservative and Unionist Central Office v Burrell (1981): "unincorporated association" [means] two or more persons bound together for one or more common purposes, not being business purposes, by mutual undertakings, each having mutual duties and obligations, in an organisation which has rules which identify in whom control of it and its funds rests and upon what terms and which can be joined or left at will. In most countries, an unincorporated association does not have separate legal personality , and few members of

924-478: The Ministry of Justice . Under English law , an unincorporated association consists of two or more members bound by the rules of a society which has, at some point in time, been founded. Several theories have been proposed as to the way that such associations hold rights. A transfer may be considered to have been made to the association's members directly as joint tenants or tenants in common . Alternatively,

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968-494: The 1800s, merchant guilds had largely disappeared. Economic historians have debated the precise role that merchant guilds played in premodern society and economic growth. In the United Kingdom, craft guilds were more successful than merchant guilds and formed livery companies which exerted significant influence on society. A standard definition of an unincorporated association was given by Lord Justice Lawton in

1012-402: The 1901 act have a significant amount of freedom in their internal operation, such as management or authorized members. The German Civil Code sets out different rights and rules for an unincorporated association ( nicht eingetragener Verein ) with legal identity ( Vereine , art. 21–79 BGB ) versus an incorporated association ( eingetragener Verein ) with full legal personality , which

1056-811: The Associations Law, 1980. An amutah is a body corporate, though not a company. The amutah is successor to the Ottoman Association which predated the State of Israel, and was established by the now-superseded 1909 Ottoman Law on Associations, based on the French law of 1901. An amutah must register with the Rasham Ha’amutot ('Registrar of Amutot'), under the purview of the Rashut Hata’agidim ('Corporations Authority') of

1100-485: The Crown as bona vacantia . This conclusion has also been suggested where the association dissolves because only one member remains, although this has been doubted by some commentators who believe the last members should be entitled to the rights. Scots law on unincorporated associations is essentially the same as English law. Each state sets its own laws as to what constitutes an unincorporated association and how it

1144-640: The actual existence of such a group is a written memorandum such as that published in André Breton 's Surrealist Manifesto in Paris in 1924 and signed by several like-minded artists. As a result, the members of such a group committed themselves to subordinate themselves to a common goal. This also included the group exhibitions, to which everyone should contribute their part instead of just showing themselves. Artist collectives have occurred throughout history, often gathered around central resources, for instance

1188-668: The ancient sculpture workshops at the marble quarries on Milos in Greece and Carrara in Italy. During the French Revolution the Louvre in Paris was occupied as an artist collective. More traditional artist collectives tend to be smallish groups of two to eight artists who produce work, either collaboratively or as individuals toward exhibiting together in gallery shows or public spaces. Often an artist collective will maintain

1232-630: The association more protection against liability than that given to either stockholders of corporations or members of limited liability companies . This was noted in the case of International News Service vs Associated Press , because the members of the AP are not liable for damages for the organization's actions unless the association as a whole approved it. In Texas , state law has statutes concerning unincorporated non-profit associations that allow unincorporated associations that meet certain criteria to operate as entities independent of their members, with

1276-560: The association usually enjoy limited liability . However, in some countries they are treated as having separate legal personality for tax purposes: for example, in the United Kingdom an unincorporated association is assessable to corporation tax . However, because of their lack of legal personality, legacies to unincorporated associations are sometimes subject to general common law prohibitions against purpose trusts . Associations that are organized for profit or financial gain are usually called partnerships . A special kind of partnership

1320-489: The broadest sense, to break away from traditional, academic approaches altogether, to break new ground and to follow them for example by organizing joint exhibitions. The boundaries between all areas of fine and applied art are fluid. In contrast to the mostly programmatically oriented artist collectives, only the costs for the use of common workspaces or artist ateliers are usually shared in studio communities. Due to long-standing friendships, thematic joint exhibitions and

1364-411: The contributors, unless they can be shown to have renounced their right to such a trust in their favour. If the rights are held subject to contract, then they will be divided among the surviving membership upon dissolution, according to the terms of the contracts inter se or an implied term according to contribution. If, as a result of this contract or statute, no member can claim, the rights will pass to

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1408-406: The funds transferred may be considered to have been under the terms of a private purpose trust . Many purpose trusts fail for want of a beneficiary and this may therefore result in the gift failing. However, some purpose trusts are valid, and, accordingly, some cases have decided that the rights associated with unincorporated associations are held on this basis. The dominant theory, however, is that

1452-580: The inevitable examination of the work of the other members, however, mixed forms can form that go beyond the pure community of convenience. The transition from artist collective to artist colony is also fluid. One speaks of the latter when it comes to large-scale settlements of artists of the same direction. Examples of this are the Nazarene movement in Rome and the Barbizon school . The decisive factor here

1496-595: The initial collaboration on Gems , with the Maison partnering on the creation of multiple works for the company. Most recently, to mark the premiere Millepied's Romeo and Juliet Suite , the Maison unveiled a new collection, retelling the story through jewellery pieces. In 2021, Van Cleef & Arpels furthered their commitment to supporting the creation and performance of dance, with the Dance Reflections initiative, which, in addition to supporting L.A. Dance Project, now supports choreographers and companies around

1540-515: The jeweller commissioned a project, the Gems trilogy. Gems , comprising Reflections (2012), Hearts and Arrows (2014) and On The Other Side (2016), marked the continuation of the collaborative relationship between Van Cleef & Arpels and choreographers, which began with George Balanchine 's 1967 opus Jewels , originally suggested by Claude Arpels. The relationship between L.A. Dance Project and Van Cleef & Arpels has continued far beyond

1584-588: The law treats as partnerships ( Gesellschaften , art. 705–740 BGB ). Associations can be for-profit ( wirtschaftlicher Verein ) or non-for-profit ( Idealverein ). Associations which pursue a public purpose can apply for tax exemptions ( gemeinnütziger Verein ). The freedom of association stands in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights : Article 20 Article 11 of the European Convention on Human Rights also protects

1628-603: The performance space. The company now offers artist residencies through the LAUNCH:LA initiative. The residency awards free use of the performance space to emerging choreographers and dance makers, also awarding them production creation and artist stipends. Art collective An artist collective or art group or artist group is an initiative that is the result of a group of artists working together, usually under their own management , towards shared aims. The aims of an artist collective can include almost anything that

1672-492: The police or other official body to inform the public of the association's existence. This could be a tool of political control or intimidation, and also a way of protecting the economy from fraud . In many such jurisdictions, only a registered association (an incorporated body) is a juristic person whose members are not responsible for the financial acts of the association. Any group of persons may, of course, work as an informal association, but in such cases, each person making

1716-487: The provisions of the relevant state act and lodge their constitution with the corresponding state government authority. In Israel , many non-profit organizations (NPOs) and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are established as registered nonprofit associations (Hebrew amutah , plural amutot ) (some are established as public benefit companies (Hebrew Chevrah LeTo’elet Hatzibur ) not to be confused with public benefit corporations). Amutot are regulated by

1760-513: The right to own property, make contracts, sue and be sued, with limited liability for their officers and members. Certain civil-law systems classify an association as a special form of contractual relationship. Under the Quebec Civil Code an association is categorized as a type of statutory specific contract set forth in a constitution. An association can become incorporated with its own legal identity so that it may, e.g., open

1804-439: The rights are transferred to the members or officers absolutely, perhaps on trust for the members, but are importantly bound by contracts inter se . Accordingly, on dissolution, the distribution of these rights depends on how they were held. A purpose trust may by its nature survive the dissolution of the association, or it may not. If it fails as a result of the dissolution, then the rights will be held on resulting trust for

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1848-421: The street gangs by name, with cases titled such as City of Los Angeles v. The Bloods and City of Los Angeles v. The Crips , which then allowed the city to go after any member of the street gang, as a member of the unincorporated association being sued, for damages resulting from graffiti tagging involving that gang's name,. New York state law regarding unincorporated associations actually gives members of

1892-556: The way in which the body meets and operates. Such an instrument is often called the organization's bylaws, constitution, regulations, or agreement of association. In most states and territories in Australia , a similar set of laws allows not-for-profit associations to become legal entities with a limit to the liability of their members. An example of such a law, the Associations Incorporation Act 1985 that

1936-495: The world. In 2017, L.A. Dance Project opened their first designated rehearsal and performance space in Los Angeles at 2245 East Washington Boulevard. In addition to daily rehearsal, the company presents regular performances in the space, often using it to premiere new works In addition to company repertory performances, L.A. Dance Project frequently partners with other dance companies and organisations to present their work in

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