The Library of Congress Classification ( LCC ) is a system of library classification developed by the Library of Congress in the United States , which can be used for shelving books in a library. LCC is mainly used by large research and academic libraries , while most public libraries and small academic libraries use the Dewey Decimal Classification system. The classification was developed by James Hanson (chief of the Catalog Department), with assistance from Charles Martel , in 1897, while they were working at the Library of Congress. It was designed specifically for the purposes and collection of the Library of Congress to replace the fixed location system developed by Thomas Jefferson .
37-485: [REDACTED] Look up lc in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. LC or Lc may refer to: Arts and entertainment [ edit ] For people in arts and entertainment, see § People . Library of Congress Classification , a system of library classification Gaming and play [ edit ] Lego Chess , a Lego-based chess video game Lego City ,
74-533: A British indie-rock band formed in Cardiff In other media [ edit ] Licensed Companion, from the In Death novels of J.D. Robb (Nora Roberts) Shop LC , a 24/7 American shopping television channel Businesses, organisations, and government agencies [ edit ] Government agencies [ edit ] Irish Land Commission (or simply Land Commission), a rent fixing commission by
111-479: A World Conservation Union "Red List of Threatened Species" category Electronics and computing [ edit ] .lc , the country code top level domain (ccTLD) for Saint Lucia Macintosh LC family , a range of personal computers manufactured by Apple in the early 1990s Macintosh LC , the first computer in the Macintosh LC family LC-type optical fiber connector LC circuit , in electronics,
148-632: A circuit with an inductor and a capacitor Linear cryptanalysis , a form of cryptanalysis Lines of code Logic cell, in Field-programmable gate arrays Libera Chat , an IRC network Vehicles [ edit ] Toyota Land Cruiser , an SUV built by Toyota Motor Corporation Lexus LC , a grand tourer built by Toyota Motor Corporation Geely LC , a hatchback car Landing craft , used to convey infantry and vehicles to shore in an amphibious assault Other uses in science and technology [ edit ] Launch Complex ,
185-610: A document issued to provide a payment undertaking Local currency , also referred to as Local Currency Unit or LCU People [ edit ] Lorne Cardinal , stage and television actor Leonora Carrington , Mexican painter/surrealist Liz Claiborne , fashion designer Les Claypool , bassist best known for his work with Primus Leonard Cohen , Canadian singer, songwriter, musician, poet, and novelist Laveranues Coles , New York Jets wide receiver Lauren Conrad , fashion designer and former reality TV star on The Hills and Laguna Beach Le Corbusier , architect, and
222-402: A genus of orchids Langerhans cell , a tissue-resident macrophage Lethal concentration , a means to quantitatively indicate a gas or aerosol hazard Lignocellulose Locus coeruleus , a noradrenergic nucleus in the brain stem Long COVID , a term for aftereffects occurring after recovering from and presumed to be caused by COVID-19 Ecology [ edit ] Least Concern ,
259-509: A guide to the books actually in one library's collections, not a classification of the world. The central core of the modern Library of Congress was formed from books sold to the government by Thomas Jefferson after the original collection was razed by the British in the War of 1812 . As a result, the original classification system used by the library was of his own invention. However, by the end of
296-833: A non-sectarian, private school in San Pablo City, Laguna Launceston College (Tasmania) , a public senior-secondary school in Launceston, Tasmania, Australia Letran College in Manila, Philippines Lewis and Clark Community College , a community college in Godfrey, Illinois, US Lomagundi College , an independent, boarding school in Mashonaland West, Zimbabwe Loomis Chaffee , a coeducational boarding school in Windsor, Connecticut, US Lynchburg College ,
333-742: A private liberal arts college in Lynchburg, Virginia, US Lynden Christian Schools , a private school in Lynden, Washington, US Other businesses and organizations [ edit ] Latvian Way , a political party of Latvia LC Perú , a Peruvian airline Lean Cuisine , a brand of microwaveable meals LendingClub , NYSE ticker symbol LC Lotta Continua , a former far-left extra-parliamentary organization in Italy Varig Logística (IATA airline designator LC) Economics and finance [ edit ] Letter of credit ,
370-600: A rocket launch site Leading coefficient , in mathematics Leeuwin Current , a warm ocean current Liquid chromatography , an analytical chemistry technique Liquid crystal , a phase of matter with properties between a solid and a liquid state, commonly used in displays Other uses [ edit ] Law corporation , a special type of limited liability corporation available for single attorneys in California Leaving Certificate ,
407-674: A series of furniture designed by same Places [ edit ] Las Cruces, New Mexico , US LC, Swansea , a Leisure Centre in Wales Leicester , a city in the United Kingdom Lewis Center , Ohio, United States Little Compton, Rhode Island , US Lučenec , a town in Slovakia Saint Lucia , ISO 3166-1 country code Science and technology [ edit ] Biology and medicine [ edit ] × Laeliocattleya ,
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#1732765549831444-504: A single letter of the alphabet as an identifier. The vast majority of these classes are divided further into two and three level sub-classes. With these sub-classes, numerical ranges are assigned to topics, going from more general to more specific. Unlike in the Dewey Decimal Classification, where the numbers assigned to a topic iterate throughout the system (e.g., the ".05" tag indicated a periodical publication on
481-643: A state-operated commuter rail service in the Kanpur-Lucknow region of India Religious organizations [ edit ] Latin Catholic Church, or Roman Catholic Church Legion of Christ , a Roman Catholic religious order of priests Liberty Counsel , a legal organization dedicated to advancing specific religious freedoms Schools [ edit ] Lafayette College , a private college in Easton, Pennsylvania, US Laguna College ,
518-573: A theme of Lego Lego Creator , a theme of Lego Lego Creator (video game) , a Lego video game Liberty City (Grand Theft Auto) , a fictional city in the Grand Theft Auto computer and video game series Music [ edit ] LC (album) , 1981 album by The Durutti Column Lacuna Coil , an Italian gothic metal band Living Colour , an American hard rock band formed in New York Los Campesinos! ,
555-541: Is also distinct from Library of Congress Subject Headings , the system of labels such as "Glaciers" and "Glaciers—Fiction" that describe contents systematically. One variation from the original LCC system is the National Library of Medicine classification system (NLM), which uses the initial letters W and QS – QZ , which are not used by LCC. Some libraries use NLM in conjunction with LCC, eschewing LCC's R, QM, and QP, which overlap with NLM's schema. Another
592-459: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Library of Congress Classification LCC has been criticized for lacking a sound theoretical basis; many of the classification decisions were driven by the practical needs of that library rather than epistemological considerations. Although it divides subjects into broad categories, it is essentially enumerative in nature. That is, it provides
629-786: Is not a new issue, and libraries with more specialized collections about minority groups or issues sometimes eschew LCC, with one example alternative classification being the Harvard–Yenching Classification , specifically developed for Chinese language materials. Loomis Chaffee The Loomis Chaffee School ( / ˈ l uː m ɪ s ˈ tʃ eɪ f i / ; LC or Loomis ) is an independent , coeducational, college preparatory school for boarding and day students in grades 9–12, including postgraduate students, located in Windsor, Connecticut , seven miles north of Hartford . Seventy percent of Loomis Chaffee's 726 students reside on
666-703: Is the Canadian Universities and the Canadian National Library using FC for Canadian History, a subclass that LCC has not officially adopted, but which it has agreed not to use for anything else. Together, the Dewey Decimal System (DDC) and LCC make up the two main classification system used in U.S. libraries. LCC is favored by large academic and research libraries. Systems of classification can be evaluated on several metrics, including expressiveness (the ability of
703-496: Is their approach to classifying. Dewey's system is a comprehensive classification to all topics, with no regard to the actual collections a library might hold. While this has allowed it to be successfully adapted into more modern classification systems for use outside of libraries, such as the Universal Decimal Classification (UDC), it does make it more unwieldy for large or specialized collections. On
740-511: The Americas), and B (Philosophy, Psychology, Religion). On the other hand, the later-developed K (Law) gives fairly even weight to global law. Today, the various schedules are maintained and revised by the Library's Policy and Standards Division, in conjunction with experts in each field. However, updating various schedules with classification biases is generally assumed to be impractical due to
777-787: The Land Law (Ireland) Act 1881 Library of Congress , the de facto United States national library Liquor Control, including the Liquor Control Board of Ontario and the Manitoba Liquor Control Commission Local Council (Uganda) , a form of local elected government within the districts of Uganda Technical Department of the Ministry of Aviation (Nazi Germany) in charge of research and development (LC, but more often referred to as C-amt) Lucknow-Kanpur Suburban Railway ,
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#1732765549831814-561: The citation refers Long course , an Olympic-size swimming pool Lord Chancellor , a senior functionary in the government of the United Kingdom See also [ edit ] [REDACTED] Search for "lc" or "l-c" on Misplaced Pages. LCLC (disambiguation) LCC (disambiguation) LCS (disambiguation) LLC (disambiguation) All pages with titles beginning with LC All pages with titles containing LC Topics referred to by
851-451: The final course in the Irish secondary school system Letter case , used in orthography and typography to denote the difference between capital and non-capital letters Lower case lettering Level crossing , on some maps, an intersection of a railway line and road at the same level Loc. cit. ( loco citato ), in citations, used to repeat a citation, including the page to which
888-595: The form of an author-specific code, containing a letter and several numbers corresponding to the author's last name. This serves to further distinguish publications and nominally alphabetize volumes within a topic section. The final component of a typical LCC call-number is the publication year, in full. Library collections can add modifiers to distinguish specific volumes, such as "Copy 1." LCC should not be confused with Library of Congress Control Numbers (LCCN), which are assigned to all books (and authors) and defines online catalog entries. Library of Congress Classification
925-497: The massive workload that would result in, especially as the "discipline" based classes of LCC have been entrenched in the average library user's mind. Like all classification systems, LCC struggles with catering to interdisciplinary scholars and topics, as ultimately, a book can only be shelved in a single location. Additionally, LCC has a problem with "othering" marginalized groups, making works related to or authored by members of these groups particularly difficult to locate. This
962-467: The nineteenth century, the collection had grown to over a million volumes and his system was deemed too unwieldy. John Russell Young , the seventh Librarian of Congress, hired James Hanson and Charles Martel in 1897, who began the development of a new classification system that would more accurately describe the collections the library held. Young's tenure as Librarian ended with his death in 1899, and his successor, Herbert Putnam , continued to implement
999-521: The numeration system to express the hierarchal and correlative relationships between topics), hospitality (the ability of the system to accommodate new subjects), and brevity (length of call numbers). While LCC is significantly less expressive than DDC, it is extremely hospitable, mainly in the fact that five class (I, O, W, X, and Y) lack any assignment to topics. LCC call numbers also tend to be shorter than those in DDC. The main difference between DDC and LCC
1036-418: The other hand, Hanson and Martel designed LCC specifically for library use, which means while it does not completely enumerate the world, it does more reflect what books a library might hold. Because LCC was designed around the collections of the Library of Congress, it has an American, European, and Christian bias, as reflected mainly in the earlier developed schedules of D (World History), E and F (History of
1073-401: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title LC . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LC&oldid=1214117819 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
1110-592: The school has expanded as its endowment, financial aid budget, faculty, and campus increased in size. Loomis had an acceptance rate of 7% for the 2023–2024 school year. Loomis Chaffee competes in sports against schools from all over New England and adjacent states. The school is a member of the New England Preparatory School Athletic Council (NEPSAC) and competes in the Class A large school division. Additionally, Loomis
1147-489: The school's 300-acre campus and represent forty-four foreign countries and thirty-one U.S. states. 71% of Loomis Chaffee's student body are boarding students and 29% are day students. Founded in 1914, Loomis Chaffee is a member of the Ten Schools Admission Organization . The school was chartered in 1874 as The Loomis Institute by five Loomis siblings. The original 1640 Loomis Homestead
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1184-669: The topic), the LCC numerical ranges are strictly hierarchal, only corresponding to their level on the outline. LCC is enumerative, meaning that it lists all the classes in officially published schedules, which are updated as needed by the Library of Congress. After the range of numbers making up the topical division, call numbers often also include one or more Cutter numbers, modeled after the unfinished Cutter Expansive Classification index. The full LCC schedules contain tables that describe Cutter numbers for certain types of media, collections of work, and geographical areas. Cutter numbers also can take
1221-670: The updates to the catalog through his long stay in the office. By the time he departed from his post in 1939, all the classes except K (Law) were well developed. In creating their classification system, Hanson and Martel evaluated several systems already in existence, including the Dewey Decimal System , Charles Ammi Cutter 's Cutter Expansive Classification , the Index Medicus , and the Putnam Classification System (developed while Putnam
1258-428: Was K (Law): the first K schedule was published in 1969 and not completed until the 2004 publication of KB. From 1996 onwards, the LCC schedules were available online, and since 2013, there have been no new print editions of the classification system. All updates are now distributed by the Library's Cataloging Distribution Service entirely online. LCC divides all knowledge into twenty-one basic classes, exchanges given
1295-543: Was chosen as the site for the school, which opened in 1914. The forty-year gap between chartering and the opening of the school was due to the estate of the Loomis siblings being reserved for the siblings' retirement. In 1910, John Mason Loomis 's widow left over $ 1.1 million as an endowment to The Loomis Institute for charitable purposes. This donation allowed the school to remain tuition-free for its first four decades. In addition to being tuition-free, The Loomis Institute
1332-430: Was distinguished from other New England preparatory schools by its lack of religious affiliation, offering of vocational education alongside college preparatory courses, and admission of both boys and girls. The Loomis Institute ended coeducation in 1926 when The Chaffee School was incorporated to educate girls on an adjacent campus. In 1970, the boys and girls schools merged to form The Loomis Chaffee School. Since then,
1369-508: Was head librarian at the Minneapolis Public Library ). The one closest to their needs was Cutter's; however, he died before the completion of his system. Hanson and Martel thus decided to develop their own unique system, strongly based on his ideas. They published their first outline of the classification scheme in 1904. Development of the classes continued throughout the twentieth century. The last class to be developed
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