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35-605: The LSAP is the third-largest party in the Chamber of Deputies , having won 11 of 60 seats at the 2023 general election , and has one seat in the European Parliament . Since March 2022, the party's President have been Francine Closener and Dan Biancalana . The party is close to the Confederation of Independent Trade Unions , the country's largest trade union centre , but they have no formal links. The LSAP

70-760: A coalition under Prime Minister Pierre Dupong . The party was reformed after the Second World War as the 'Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party', in the mould of the Labour Party in the United Kingdom , where the government had been exiled. In the first election after the war , in 1945, the LSAP was the big loser, falling to 26% of the vote, but remained in the National Union Government , along with all other parties. In 1947,

105-467: A combination of at least two cantons . Each constituency elects a number of deputies proportionate to its population, with the largest electing 23 and the smallest electing 7. Deputies are elected by universal suffrage every five years, with the last election having been held on 8 October 2023. Deputies are elected by open list proportional representation , whereby all electors may vote for as many candidates as their constituency has seats. Each party

140-677: A commanding victory, with the highest vote share and number of seats of any party since 1954 . Incumbent prime minister Jean-Claude Juncker , who was the longest-serving head of government in the European Union , renewed the coalition agreement with Deputy Prime Minister and Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party leader Jean Asselborn and formed the Juncker-Asselborn Ministry II , which was sworn in on 23 July 2009. Seven parties ran candidates in all four circonscriptions , of which, five were already represented in

175-505: A mediator. Every year, they would present a report to the Chamber. Since January 2008, the political parties have been directly funded by the state. Their accounts were to be strictly separate from those of the parliamentary political groups. There were to be two different structures, each with their own staff. In order to receive public funds, a party must provide evidence of regular political activity, present complete lists of candidates at

210-577: A pathway of democratisation took place in a period of crisis of the monarchy, famine, and difficulties in supplying food. Grand Duchess Charlotte remained the head of state, and the co-wielder of legislative power. Most elections between 1922 and 1951 were partial elections . The four constituencies were paired up, North with Centre and South with East , and elections were staggered so that only deputies from one pair of constituencies were up for election at any given time. During World War II, from 1940 to 1944 under German occupation of Luxembourg,

245-584: A seat on 19 September 2024 with the defection of Pirate Deputy Ben Polidori. 2009 Luxembourg general election General elections were held in Luxembourg on 7 June 2009, together with the 2009 election to the European Parliament . All sixty members of the Chamber of Deputies were elected for five years. The polls were topped by the Christian Social People's Party , which built upon its already high number of seats to achieve

280-511: Is allocated a number of seats in proportion to the total number of votes cast for its candidates in that constituency. These seats are then allocated to that party's candidates in descending order of votes that each candidate received. The Chamber of Deputies holds session in the Hôtel de la Chambre (Luxembourgish: Chambergebai , English: Hall of the Chamber of Deputies), located on Krautmaart (French: Marché aux herbes , English: Herb Market), in

315-851: Is particularly strong in the south of the country, controlling most of the mayoralties in the large towns of the Red Lands . It is affiliated with the Socialist International , the Progressive Alliance , and the Party of European Socialists . The party was formed on 5 July 1902 as the Social Democratic Party. Left-wing elements split in 1905 to create the Social Democratic Workers' Party. These were both re-united in 1912. In 1916,

350-452: The Chamber , is the unicameral national legislature of Luxembourg . The metonym Krautmaart (French: Marché aux herbes , English: "Herb Market") is sometimes used for the Chamber, after the square on which the Hôtel de la Chambre is located. The Chamber is made up of 60 seats. Deputies are elected to serve five-year terms by proportional representation in four multi-seat constituencies . Voters may vote for as many candidates as

385-455: The Chambre des Députés , had the legislative power: it had the right to propose and amend laws. It would decide the budget and received the power to investigate. The government became accountable to the Chamber. In addition, its sessions were now public. In 1853, William III called on the government to write a new constitution to limit the powers of the Chamber. The latter refused to approve

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420-404: The Christian Social People's Party ). Following the 2004 general election , the LSAP served in the government of Luxembourg as junior partner to the Christian Social People's Party (CSV) under Prime Minister Jean-Claude Juncker in the first Juncker–Asselborn government , with the LSAP's Jean Asselborn serving as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Foreign Affairs . The coalition with

455-589: The Social Democratic Party . Those who left included 6 Deputies and most of the party leadership. However, the LSAP could recover by 1974 and joined the DP in a centre-left coalition (the Thorn-Vouel-Berg government ), which enacted important social reforms: judicial system reforms (including a humanisation of the penal system), introduction of a fifth week of holiday, general introduction of

490-626: The Uewerstad quarter (French: Ville Haute , English: Upper City), the oldest part of Luxembourg City . It was originally built between 1858 and 1860 as an annex to the Grand Ducal Palace , which had, until then, been used as one of many venues for the Chamber's convocations. The building was designed by Antoine Hartmann in a unified historicist style, combining elements of neo-Gothic , neo-Renaissance , and neo-classical architectural styles. The Grand Ducal Palace, by contrast,

525-402: The 40-hour week, the salary index, reform of unemployment benefits. This did not prevent an electoral defeat in 1979. In this legislative period, the LSAP held their famous energy conference, and decided a moratorium for the atomic power station of Remerschen. This was the definitive end of the project. In 1984, the LSAP were re-united with most of the Social Democratic Party (some members joined

560-643: The CSV continued as the second Juncker–Asselborn government following the 2009 general election , which lasted until July 2013 when the LSAP withdrew its support from the government, necessitating early elections. Following the 2013 general election , the LSAP was in a three-party Bettel–Schneider government with the Democratic Party and The Greens , with the Democratic Party's Xavier Bettel serving as Prime Minister and Etienne Schneider of

595-713: The CSV received almost twice as many votes as the Democratic Party in, only ten years after the DP won a plurality by over 2%. It gained one extra seat in Centre, and another in Est . The CSV's large margin of victory guaranteed that it would form the government once again, with Jean-Claude Juncker appointed as formateur and likely to remain as Prime Minister . Before the election, Juncker, Europe's longest-serving head of government , had told his party that he intended to step down as Minister for Finances , to be replaced by Luc Frieden . This brought into question his chairmanship of

630-499: The CSV won pluralities in each of Luxembourg's four circonscriptions, and pluralities in nearly all of Luxembourg's communes . Only four communes didn't register pluralities for the CSV (down from seven in 2004). Wiltz in the north and Dudelange , Kayl , and Rumelange in the southern Red Lands voted for the LSAP. The CSV's performance improved most markedly in Centre , where it increased its vote from 35.5% to 38.6%. In Centre,

665-801: The Chamber of Deputies: the Christian Social People's Party (CSV), the Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party (LSAP), the Democratic Party (DP), the Greens , and the Alternative Democratic Reform Party (ADR). Two parties that were not then represented also ran: The Left and the Communist Party (KPL). In addition, the Citizens' List , which was headed by current independent deputy Aly Jaerling , ran in two constituencies. As in 2004,

700-848: The Chamber was dissolved by the Nazis and the country annexed into the " Gau Moselland ". The Grand Ducal family and the Luxembourgish government went into exile, first in the United Kingdom, and later in Canada and the United States. The first post-war session was opened on 6 December 1944 and was limited to one public sitting, as there was no quorum. A consultative assembly sat from March to August 1945, and new elections were held in October 1945. The post-war Chamber proceeded to revise

735-457: The Chamber's rules in 1990 and 1991 substantially increased the material means available to political groups, and contributed to a professionalisation of politics. In addition, every Deputy had the right to an office close to the Chamber building. The Chamber reimbursed the Deputies' staff expenses. Funds were now also available to "technical groups", following the protests of the small parties at

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770-441: The Chamber. Each bill must be submitted to two votes in the Chamber, with an interval of at least three months between the votes, for it to become law. Laws are passed by absolute majority , provided that a quorum of half of the deputies is present. The Chamber is composed of sixty members, called Deputies (Luxembourgish: Deputéiert  ; French: Députés ). They each represent one of four constituencies , which are each

805-738: The Europe-wide Eurogroup , which he had chaired since 2005. However, he has since stated that he would remain in charge of monetary policy and relations with the European Central Bank . The CSV was in a strong enough position to form a coalition with any one of three parties: LSAP (partner in the Juncker-Asselborn Ministry I ), the DP (partner in the Juncker-Polfer Ministry ), and the Greens (who had never previously entered

840-668: The LSAP as Deputy Prime Minister. Since 2023, they have been in opposition again. The formal leader of the party is the president. However, often, a government minister will be the most important member of the party, as Jean Asselborn is now. Below is a list of presidents of the Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party since 1945. Chamber of Deputies of Luxembourg Opposition (25) The Chamber of Deputies ( Luxembourgish : Chamber vun den Deputéierten or simply D'Chamber , French : Chambre des Députés , German : Abgeordnetenkammer ), abbreviated to

875-550: The constituency elects deputies. The constitution of 1841 created the Assembly of Estates ( Assemblée des États ), consisting of 34 members. Under the absolute monarchy of William II , King of the Netherlands and Grand Duke of Luxembourg , the legislature's powers were very restricted: it could not take decisions and had a purely advisory role with respect to the monarch. Its consent was necessary in very few matters. Only

910-601: The constitution again, which abolished the country's state of neutrality. 1965 saw the introduction of parliamentary commissions. The establishment of specialised and permanent commissions would facilitate the work of the legislature. The previous organisation of the Chamber into sections, un-specialised and with members chosen at random, had not been effective. Another innovation concerned political groups. They were now officially recognised, and received premises, and subsidies based on their proportion of seat. These material means were dwarfed by those established in 1990. Changes to

945-579: The government's revisions, and the Grand Duke dissolved the legislature. There was then a brief return to absolutist monarchy, in what became known as the Putsch of 1856 . The parliament, now renamed the Assemblée des Etats , retained its legislative powers, but the Grand Duke was no longer required to approve and promulgate its laws within a certain period. Taxes no longer had to be voted on annually, and

980-550: The legislative and European elections, and have received at least 2% of the vote. The function of the Chamber of Deputies is covered under Chapter IV of the Constitution of Luxembourg , the first article of which states that the purpose of the Chamber is to represent the country. Luxembourg is a parliamentary democracy , in which the Chamber is elected by universal suffrage under the d'Hondt method of party-list proportional representation . All laws must be passed by

1015-555: The party started its process of re-building itself, and it managed to join a coalition government (1951–1959 in the Dupong-Bodson and Bech Bodson governments, and 1964–1968 in the Werner-Cravatte government). The discussions over the party's direction split the LSAP again. On 2 May 1970, Henry Cravatte was ejected as President by a trades union-led coup. In March 1971, centrist elements, led by Cravatte, split to create

1050-578: The party was renamed to 'Socialist Party', part of the Second International. On 2 January 1921, communist elements split to create the Communist Party of Luxembourg . The Socialist Party was renamed the "Luxembourg Workers' Party" in 1924, and was a member of the Labour and Socialist International between 1923 and 1940. On 5 November 1937, the Party joined the government for the first time, in

1085-483: The permanent budget was re-introduced. The Council of State was created in 1856 as a check on the Chamber. Its role was to render opinions on proposed bills and regulations. After Luxembourg's neutrality and independence had been affirmed in the Second Treaty of London , in 1868, the constitution was revised to obtain a compromise between the liberties of 1848 and the authoritarian charter of 1856. The parliament

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1120-621: The sovereign could propose laws. The assembly was in session only 15 days a year, and these sessions were held in secret. In a climate marked by the democratic revolutionary movements in France and elsewhere, a new constitution was drafted in 1848 by a Constituent Assembly . This introduced a constitutional monarchy: the King-Grand Duke retained only those powers specifically enumerated in the Constitution. The parliament, now called

1155-430: The start of the new session in 1989. In 2003, a new law established the office of the mediator and ombudsman. This was attached to the Chamber, but would not receive instructions from any authority in exercising his or her functions. They would deal with citizens' complaints concerning the central or local government administration, and other public entities. They would attempt to resolve disputes between parties, acting as

1190-439: Was built over time in several architectural styles (primarily Renaissance and Baroque ), but renovated in 1891 in a historicist neo-Renaissance manner. The large portrait of Grand Duke Henri was painted by Belgian artist Louis Van Gorp . Government parties are denoted with the letter G , with the Christian Social People's Party holding the office of Prime Minister ( Luc Frieden ). O stands for opposition. The LSAP gained

1225-479: Was renamed the Chambre des Députés and regained most of the rights it lost in 1856, such as the annual vote on the budget and taxes. However, the King Grand-Duke still kept wide-ranging powers: he exercised executive power, and wielded legislative power alongside the Chamber. The constitutional changes of 1919 brought in universal suffrage and affirmed the principle of national sovereignty. These steps on

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