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144-772: The Campeche Salt or Isthmian Salt is the contemporaneous salt layer that developed on the south margin of the rift. It extends from Campeche , Mexico, north along the west margin of the Campeche Bank north of the Yucatan Peninsula . The Orca Basin is a distinctive brine pool on the Louisiana continental shelf . One of the many salt domes derived from the Louann was the site of the Spindletop oil strike near Beaumont, Texas , in 1901. This article about

288-427: A Mayan region, Campeche has had corn as its staple since the pre-Hispanic period, accompanied by beans, vegetables, tropical fruits and seafood, with some meat. There are two main types of cuisine: "mestizo" is mostly of Spanish origin with some indigenous additions, while Maya is almost purely indigenous. Some foods have been reinvented. One is papak'sul, or papadzul, which was made with beans and chili peppers. Today it

432-490: A defined rainy season, and a relatively dry season from late winter to early spring. Average annual rainfall varies between 900 and 2,000 mm (35 and 79 in). The hottest and most humid areas of the state are along the coast between the Laguna de Términos and the northern border. Average annual temperature is 26 °C (79 °F) with highs up to 36 °C (97 °F) in the summer and lows of 17 °C (63 °F) in

576-401: A flight of uneven rock-cut steps from the street. As it was described in 1896, there were twenty-four steps from the then-modern street level, leading to a square chamber serving as a place of prayer, from which more steps led to a lower chamber believed to be the tomb of Lazarus. The same description applies today. The first mention of a church at Bethany is in the late 4th century, but both

720-462: A flying story, which an occurrence of some kind had given rise to, but which was without any foundation in truth." In 1892, agnostic speaker Robert G. Ingersoll found the narrative historically implausible, writing that, if Lazarus had in fact died, potentially participating in an afterlife , and then subsequently had been resurrected, the experiences Lazarus could have shared with others would likely have been more interesting than everything else in

864-558: A great part of Jerusalem, which, all these things they departed among them. In such wise that Mary had the castle Magdalo, whereof she had her name Magdalene. And Lazarus had the part of the city of Jerusalem, and Martha had to her part Bethany. And when Mary gave herself to all delights of the body, and Lazarus entended all to knighthood, Martha, which was wise, governed nobly her brother's part and also her sister's, and also her own, and administered to knights, and her servants, and to poor men, such necessities as they needed. Nevertheless, after

1008-474: A heliport and there are twenty five over air strips in other parts of the state. The shoreline has thirty-seven commercial and military docks. The presence of PEMEX is the main force behind the building and maintenance of port infrastructure. The most developed public transportation is in the city of Campeche, although buses, taxis and other public transportation are available in most towns. The Campeche airport, officially named Ing. Alberto Acuña Ongay , serves

1152-517: A large percentage of followers in Tabasco State. The state of Campeche is located in southeast Mexico, on the west side of the Yucatan Peninsula . The territory comprises 56,858.84 square kilometres (21,953.32 sq mi), which is 2.6% of Mexico's total. It borders the states of Yucatán , Quintana Roo and Tabasco , with the country of Guatemala to the south and the Gulf of Mexico to

1296-660: A little less than a quarter bars and a similar number of handcraft shops. There are 126 major hotels, mostly in the municipalities of Campeche, Ciudad del Carmen and Champotón. The state has two main government-sponsored cultural festivals, the Festival del Centro Histórico and the Festival de Jazz. Campeche has a Festival del Centro Histórico in November and December, which attracts over 5,000 artists, intellectuals and academics to over 800 events such as concerts, theater, dance, book presentations, and workshops. The Festival de Jazz

1440-567: A lively image of our future resurrection ." French Protestant minister Jakob Abbadie wrote that Jesus had intentionally delayed his return to Bethany for, "four days, that it might not be said, he [ Lazarus ] was not really dead." In 2008, Pope Benedict XVI said that the Gospel story of the raising of Lazarus, "shows Christ's absolute power over life and death and reveals His nature as true man and true God" and that "Jesus' lordship over death does not prevent him from showing sincere compassion over

1584-559: A month later. At Independence , Campeche was one of the two most important cities on the Yucatán Peninsula, along with Mérida . There was political friction between the two. Campeche was the more liberal of the two, and supported the 1824 Mexican Constitution which established the Federal Republic. In 1824, Campeche's representative proposed that the peninsula be divided into two states: Mérida and Campeche but this

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1728-458: A number of Maya products such as hammocks for sleeping and storing drinking water in hollow gourds. They also built with the area's local red cedar, mahogany and "sahcab" a local limestone. The shipping in these waters attracted pirates such as John Hawkins , Francis Drake , Diego the Mulatto , Henry Morgan , Cornelis Jol , Bartolomeu Português , Lewis Scot and Roche Braziliano . Most of

1872-571: A period of apparent extinction, and also the Lazarus sign and the Lazarus syndrome . There are also numerous literary uses of the term. A distinct character of the same name is also mentioned in the Gospel of Luke in Jesus' parable of the rich man and Lazarus , in which both eponymous characters die, and the former begs for the latter to comfort him from his torments in hell. The raising of Lazarus

2016-707: A specific stratigraphic formation in the United States is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about a specific stratigraphic formation in Mexico is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about a specific stratigraphic formation in the Caribbean is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Campeche Campeche ( Spanish pronunciation: [kamˈpetʃe] ; Yucatec Maya : Kaampech [ˈkàːmpetʃ] ), officially

2160-479: A unique position in the church year, as days of joy and triumph between the penitence of Great Lent and the mourning of Holy Week . During the preceding week, the hymns in the Lenten Triodion track the sickness and then the death of Lazarus, and Christ's journey from beyond Jordan to Bethany. The scripture readings and hymns for Lazarus Saturday focus on the resurrection of Lazarus as a foreshadowing of

2304-413: A wall around the city that measured 2,560 metres (8,400 ft) in an irregular polygon shape. Most of the forts survived but only 500 metres (1,600 ft) of the original wall remains. These fortifications cut the threat of pirate attacks but it remained walled until 1890. Campeche was officially recognized as a city in 1774 (the first in southeast Mexico) and in 1784 was declared a minor port. In 1804,

2448-528: A widely used textile dye in Europe. It also handled gold and silver from other areas in Mexico going to Spain. Imported items to the port included luxury items such as Italian marble and crystal chandeliers from Austria . The Spanish built a European-based colonial city here and as it became rich, it was filled with large mansions. However, to survive in the hot and humid environment, the Europeans also adapted

2592-530: Is a story of the miracle of Jesus recounted in the Gospel of John ( John 11 :1–44) in the New Testament , as well as in the Secret Gospel of Mark (a fragment of an extended version of the Gospel of Mark ) in which Jesus raises Lazarus of Bethany from the dead four days after his entombment. The event took place at Bethany. In John, this is the last of the miracles that Jesus performs before

2736-574: Is a torilla filled with cooked egg and squash seed salsa. Common seasonings are a mix of indigenous and those which came from Europe such as salt, oregano, pepper, habanero chili peppers, achiote , cloves and vinegar. Regional dishes include cochinita pibil , beans with pork, pork with achiote, panuchos, empanadas , chanchanes, chocolomo, tamales , shark tacos, pickled vines, seafood such as many species of fish, shrimp, octopus and crustaceans. Similar to cochinita pibil, pibipollos are chickens roasted in underground pits, most often prepared for Day of

2880-748: Is almost entirely concentrated in the coastal area of the state in the municipalities of Campeche, Carmen and Champotón . Mining, mostly oil production, accounts for 52.8% of the state's GDP. This oil lies off the coast of the state, in a shallow water section of the Gulf of Mexico called the Sonda de Campeche. Campeche oil and gas production accounts for 37% of Mexico's total with crude oil alone accounting for 76% in absolute numbers. Campeche does not have metal deposits but it does have deposits of building stone, such as sandstone, marble and limestone, sand, gravel, lime, clay and other minerals. Most deposits are located in

3024-437: Is also aquatic vegetation. The Laguna de Términos Reserve includes the lagoon and the area surrounding it with an area of 705,017 hectares (1,742,130 acres). It was established in 1994. Los Petenes is a natural reserve consisting of isolated pockets of rainforest with mangrove areas in between. The wildlife is dependent on a varied and complex system of fresh and brackish water. The reserve extends over 382 hectares (940 acres) in

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3168-534: Is followed by Chol , with 10,412, Tzeltal with 1,900 and Q'anjob'al with 1,557. There are a total of 91,094 speakers of an indigenous language in the state, which is about 12% of the total population. This is up from just under 90,000 in 2005. Fourteen percent of these speakers do not speak Spanish. There are about 7,000 Plautdietsch -speaking Mennonites of German descent in the State of Campeche, mostly around Hopelchen and Hecelchakán . These Menonnites came in

3312-425: Is identified with Mary Magdalene ): Mary Magdalene had her surname of Magdalo, a castle, and was born of right noble lineage and parents, which were descended of the lineage of kings. And her father was named Cyrus, and her mother Eucharis. She with her brother Lazarus, and her sister Martha, possessed the castle of Magdalo, which is two miles from Nazareth, and Bethany, the castle which is nigh to Jerusalem, and also

3456-442: Is ill. Jesus tells his followers: "This sickness will not end in death. No, it is for God's glory so that God's Son may be glorified through it." Instead of immediately traveling to Bethany, according to the narrator, Jesus intentionally remains where he is for two more days before beginning the journey. The disciples are afraid of returning to Judea , but Jesus says: "Our friend Lazarus is asleep, but I am going to awaken him." When

3600-459: Is in the north and east of the state consisting of two chains of low hills called the Dzibalchen and Sierra Alta. It also includes the savannah area and an area called Los Chenes, where natural wells (called cenotes ) are common. This area is noted for its tropical hardwoods and the chicle or gum tree . Wildlife includes deer, armadillos, rabbits, quail, and woodpeckers. The rainforest region

3744-545: Is located on the center and south of the state with a wide variety of trees including tropical hardwoods such as mahogany. Many of the plants used in the state's cuisine such as achiote and tropical fruits are from here. The river region is located in the southwest of the state, named after the various rivers that flow here, mostly emptying into the Laguna de Términos. It has the hottest and most humid climate in Campeche with wildlife and vegetation similar to that found in both

3888-420: Is of sedimentary rock, much of it of marine origin. The area with the highest elevations is near the borders with Guatemala and Quintana Roo. Notable elevations include Cerro Champerico, Cerro los Chinos, Cerro El Ramonal, Cerro El Doce, and Cerro El Gavilán. However, these hills are separated by large expanses of lower flat land. In the south of the municipality of Champotón begin a series of rolling hills known as

4032-476: Is ringed by smaller lakes and forms the most important lake-lagoon system in the country. These lakes include Atasta, Pom, Puerto Rico, El Este, Del Vapor, Del Corte, Pargos and Panlau. This system formed about five thousand years ago by the accumulation of sediment carried by surrounding rivers. This system connects to the Sabancuy estuary to the northeast. Campeche is in the tropics; it has a humid climate, with

4176-533: Is said to have been the first bishop of Marseille . According to Eastern Orthodox Church tradition, sometime after the Resurrection of Christ , Lazarus was forced to flee Judea because of rumoured plots on his life and came to Cyprus . There he was appointed by Barnabas and Paul the Apostle as the first bishop of Kition (present-day Larnaka). He lived there for thirty more years, and on his death

4320-418: Is sick.", writing that "they do not prescribe to Him what they wish Him to do; to a loving friend it is sufficient to intimate our necessities. Such ought to be the nature of our prayers, particularly in regard to health and other temporal blessings, for we do not know in such cases what is expedient for our salvation." New Testament scholars try to establish how John's narrative of the raising of Lazarus and

4464-557: Is so great as to raise doubts about the historicity of this story, especially in view of the unimaginable details in vs. 44. Yet there are features in this story which have the marks of verisimilitude." Other scholars posit that the events leading to Jesus's death in Synoptic Gospels were based on an early account, before the Gospel of Mark was written, in which many characters are anonymous because they were still living and would be subject to persecution, whereas John's account of

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4608-459: Is still mostly landline, but cellular infrastructure is growing. The state has 3,872.69 km (2,406.38 mi) of highway, about a third of which is federal, connecting urban areas. There are eight nine main bridges, most of which are just to the south of the city of Campeche and near Ciudad del Carmen. The two largest are the Puente de la Unidad and Zacatal, which connect Ciudad del Carmen with

4752-413: Is the climactic narrative: exemplifying the power of Jesus "over the last and most irresistible enemy of humanity: death . For this reason, it is given a prominent place in the gospel." The name Lazarus is frequently used in science and popular culture in reference to apparent restoration to life; for example, the scientific term Lazarus taxon denotes organisms that reappear in the fossil record after

4896-473: Is the newest and most modern of Campeche's museums. Lazarus of Bethany Lazarus of Bethany (Latinised from Lazar , ultimately from Hebrew Eleazar , "God helped") is a figure within the Christian Bible , mentioned in the New Testament in the Gospel of John , whose life is restored by Jesus four days after his death. This is seen by Christians as one of the miracles of Jesus . In

5040-513: Is then said to separate and go in different parts of southeastern Gaul to preach; Lazarus goes to Marseille . Converting many people to Christianity there, he becomes the first Bishop of Marseille . During the persecution of Domitian , he is imprisoned and beheaded in a cave beneath the prison Saint-Lazare. His body is later translated to Autun , where he is buried in the Autun Cathedral , dedicated to Lazarus as Saint Lazare . However,

5184-605: The Divine Liturgy , the Baptismal Hymn, "As many as have been baptized into Christ have put on Christ" , is sung in place of the Trisagion . Although the forty days of Great Lent end on the day before Lazarus Saturday, the day is still observed as a fast; however, it is somewhat mitigated. In Russia, it is traditional to eat caviar on Lazarus Saturday. Lazarus is also commemorated on the liturgical calendar of

5328-620: The Eastern Orthodox Church on the fixed feast day of 17 March , while the translation of his relics from Cyprus to Constantinople in 898 AD is observed on 17 October . On the General Roman Calendar , Lazarus is celebrated, together with his sister Mary of Bethany and their sister Martha, on a memorial on 29 July. Earlier editions of the Roman Martyrology placed him among

5472-519: The Eastern Orthodox Church , Lazarus is venerated as Righteous Lazarus, the Four-Days Dead . The Eastern Orthodox and Catholic traditions offer varying accounts of the later events of his life. In the context of the seven signs in the Gospel of John , the raising of Lazarus at Bethany – today the town of Al-Eizariya in the West Bank , which translates to "the place of Lazarus" –

5616-502: The Free and Sovereign State of Campeche ( Spanish : Estado Libre y Soberano de Campeche ), is one of the 31 states which, with Mexico City , make up the 32 federal entities of Mexico . Located in southeast Mexico, it is bordered by the states of Tabasco to the southwest, Yucatán to the northeast, Quintana Roo to the east, by the Petén department of Guatemala to the south, and by

5760-652: The Orange Walk District of Belize to the southeast. It has a coastline to the west with the Gulf of Mexico . The state capital, also called Campeche , was declared a World Heritage Site in 1997. The formation of the state began with the city, which was founded in 1540 as the Spanish began the conquest of the Yucatán Peninsula . The city was a rich and important port during the colonial period, but declined after Mexico's independence . Campeche

5904-501: The Resurrection of Christ , and a promise of the General Resurrection . The Gospel narrative is interpreted in the hymns as illustrating the two natures of Christ: his humanity in asking, "Where have ye laid him?", and his divinity by commanding Lazarus to come forth from the dead. Many of the resurrectional hymns of the normal Sunday service which are omitted on Palm Sunday are chanted on Lazarus Saturday. During

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6048-747: The Zachatievsky monastery (Conception Convent), where they were put up for veneration. In the West, according to an alternative medieval tradition (centered in Provence ), Lazarus, Mary, and Martha were "put out to sea by the Jews hostile to Christianity in a vessel without sails, oars, or helm, and after a miraculous voyage landed in Provence at a place called today the Saintes-Maries ." The family

6192-611: The municipalities of Campeche , Tenabo , Hecelchakán and Calkiní . The first people to dominate the area were the Maya , who arrived to Campeche from Guatemala , Honduras and Chiapas . The main Mayan cities in Campeche were Edzná , Xtampak , and later Calakmul and Becán . The Maya civilization reached its height between 600 AD and 900 AD. From 1000 AD on, the Maya cities collapsed and were abandoned for unknown reasons. This led to

6336-454: The passion , crucifixion and his own resurrection . The biblical narrative of the raising of Lazarus is found in chapter 11 of the Gospel of John. A certain Lazarus, who lives in the town of Bethany near Jerusalem , is introduced as a follower of Jesus. He is identified as the brother of the sisters Mary and Martha . The sisters send word to Jesus that Lazarus, "he whom thou lovest,"

6480-748: The raising of the son of the widow of Nain ). Meanwhile, other elements were removed or replaced; for example, Simon the Leper / Simon the Pharisee was replaced by Lazarus as the host of the feast in Jesus' honour, and Bethany in Judea was chosen as the setting, while most elements of John's narrative correspond to traditions that the Synoptics set in Galilee. Scholars pay particular attention to verse John 11:2 (and verse John 11:1), which may represent an effort by

6624-467: The 16th century, the site of the tomb has been occupied by the al-Uzair Mosque. The adjacent Roman Catholic Church of Saint Lazarus, designed by Antonio Barluzzi and built between 1952 and 1955 under the auspices of the Franciscan Order , stands upon the site of several much older ones. In 1965, a Greek Orthodox church was built just west of the tomb. The entrance to the tomb today is via

6768-452: The 16th century. The Catedral de Nuestra Señora de la Purísima Concepción is from the 16th century. Its façade is of worked stone with two levels marked off by two grooved pilasters. The San Francisco Church in Campeche was established in the 16th century although the current building dates from the 17th. The church marks the spot where the first mass was held on mainland America. Most of the state's colonial era churches are located in and near

6912-589: The 1980s from the Mennonite settlements which were founded in 1922 and 1924 in the states of Chihuahua and Durango , partly via Zacatecas . According to the 2020 Census, 2.08% of Campeche's population identified as Black, Afro-Mexican , or of African descent. Sixty three percent of the population profess the Catholic faith as of 2010. Most those who are non Catholic belong to Evangelical or Protestant churches. The National Presbyterian Church in Mexico has

7056-504: The 1990s, a number of textile mills of the " maquiladora " type were opened in the state. The capital was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO . The most recently created municipality is Candelaria in 1998. In 2017, the territorial dispute with Quintana Roo was archived by the Supreme Court, basically giving Campeche 10,500 sq km. Total: Campeche contributes 1.83% of Mexico's total GDP . The average salary per year in

7200-480: The 4th-century church. The Lazarium was destroyed by an earthquake in the 6th century, and was replaced by a larger church. This church survived intact until the Crusader era. In 1143 the existing structure and lands were purchased by King Fulk and Queen Melisende of Jerusalem and a large Benedictine convent dedicated to Mary and Martha was built near the tomb of Lazarus. After the fall of Jerusalem in 1187,

7344-584: The Afterlife , the raising of Lazarus is noted among the Bible's "explicit accounts of persons raised from the dead", and comments on those raisings that, "in God's perfect revelatory wisdom, He has not given us any report of their individual experience in the afterlife". John Calvin notes that, "not only did Christ give a remarkable proof of his Divine power in raising Lazarus, but he likewise placed before our eyes

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7488-568: The Constitution of the Yucatán was promulgated on federalist principles. Yucatán independence did not solve the peninsula's internal political problems. Mérida's trade with Havana continued but Campeche's trade with Mexico City was cut off. Campeche wanted to rejoin Mexico for this reason and Andrés Quintana Roo tried to work out a settlement between the two cities. Mexican president Antonio López de Santa Anna then sent an expedition to force

7632-471: The Dead. There is also a large number of seafood-based dishes such as pan de cazón. One notable shrimp dish is made with giant prawns and called "siete barbas". Tamales are filled with ground pork or chicken seasoned with achiote, pibil or sweet corn. The staple bread is the corn tortilla. The town of Pomuch in the municipality of Hecelchakán is known for its bread and has a type named after it.(turimsoenc) Cheese

7776-469: The Gulf of Mexico. The Chumpán River is an isolated river formed by the union of various streams. It runs north–south and empties in the Laguna de Terminos. The Candelaria River forms in Petén, Guatemala and runs north–south and empties into the Laguna de Pargos. The Mamantel River empties into the Laguna de Panlau. The Champotón River is in the center of the state and empties into the Gulf of Mexico. The rest of

7920-607: The Mexican Revolution. Hacienda San José Carpizo is in the Champotón municipality, founded in 1871 by José María Carpizo Sánchez and was one of the most important on the Yucatán Peninsula, raising cattle. It survived the Mexican Revolution until its workers abandoned it in the 1940s. Hacienda San Luis Carpizo is located in Champotón and belonged to José María Carpizo, dedicated to agriculture. This hacienda

8064-563: The New Testament, would have drawn widespread attention to Lazarus during his lifetime and might have made him less afraid than others that did not have his experience when Lazarus approached death for a second time. Exegesis in the Interpreter's Bible (1953) comparing the raising of Lazarus to other resurrections in the Bible comments that, "The difference between revival immediately after death, and resurrection after four days,

8208-747: The Rainforest and Coast regions. Campeche has four protected areas: the Calakmul Biosphere Reserve , the Laguna de Términos Reserve , Ría Celestún Biosphere Reserve , and the Los Petenes Biosphere Reserve . The Calakmul Reserve was created in 1989 over 723,185 hectares (1,787,030 acres). It consists of Yucatán and Tehuantepec moist forests, containing high and medium growth semi-deciduous forests and seasonally flooded low height semi-deciduous forests. There

8352-802: The Revolution, its henequen mill continued to operate until the 1980s. Notable museums in the state include the Del Carmen Archeological Museum, the Museo de las Estelas Mayas in Ciudad del Carmen and the Camino Real Archeological Museum in Hecelchakán. The Museo Fuerte de San Miguel is located on one of the Campeche's old forts. The museum is dedicated to the state's history. Opened in 2000, it

8496-577: The Secret Mark version represents an earlier form of the canonical story found in John. The miracle of the raising of Lazarus is the climax of John's " signs ". It explains the crowds seeking Jesus on Palm Sunday , and leads directly to the decision of Caiaphas and the Sanhedrin to plan to kill Jesus. Theologians Moloney and Harrington view the raising of Lazarus as a "pivotal miracle" which starts

8640-526: The Several Powers in Europe , 1778 The Spanish introduced sugar cane and other crops in the area, starting in the 1540s, but the main value of the area was the port of Campeche, established in 1540 where the old Maya village used to be. During the colonial era, it was a commercial port equal to Havana and Cartagena even though piracy was a constant threat. It shipped valuable exports such as agricultural goods, tropical hardwoods and dyewood , then

8784-527: The Sierra Alta or Puuc, which extend northeast to Bolonchen and then into the state of Yucatán. These have only an average altitude of between forty and sixty metres (130 and 200 ft) with some reaching 100 m (330 ft). Other areas of these rolling hills lie near the city of Campeche, the main ones known as Maxtum, Boxol and El Morro. Another set is called the Sierra Seybaplaya in

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8928-619: The Sol Garrapata dominion. He renamed it San Lázaro. He moved onto the territory of Chakanputon (today Champotón ) where he and his men were attacked by the warriors of this dominion. Hernandez de Cordoba died of his wounds from this battle, prompting the Spanish to call this bay the "Bahía de Mala Pelea" (Bay of the Bad Fight). The conquest of Campeche and the rest of the Yucatán Peninsula began in earnest in 1540, under Francisco de Montejos, senior and junior . "...Campeche, upon

9072-413: The Western coast, is the second town in the province; it has a good citadel, a large harbor not deep, a dock-yard, and many merchants. The city was taken in 1685 by English and French buccaneers , who plundered every place within 15 leagues round it for the space of two months..." Thomas Kitchin , The Present State of the West-Indies: Containing an Accurate Description of What Parts Are Possessed by

9216-448: The Yucatán back into Mexico. More fighting came with the outbreak of the Caste War , in 1847, an indigenous rebellion that took place in Campeche and the rest of the Yucatán. This and foreign pressure to pay debts forced the Yucatan to formally reintegrate into Mexico in 1849. The Constitution of 1857 completely broke the schism between Campeche and Mérida with various rebellions breaking out. During one of these 150 men took over one of

9360-431: The Yucatán. The state's executive power rests in the governor of Campeche and the legislative power rests in the Congress of Campeche , which is a unicameral legislature composed of 35 deputies. The name Campeche is derived from Can Pech , the Maya name of a chiefdom of the southwestern Yucatán Peninsula that existed at the time of the arrival of the Spanish conquistadors in the sixteenth century. The capital city of

9504-439: The abolition of slavery, cutting agricultural production. The lack of shipping made the city relatively isolated from Mexico City . From the 19th century until the latter 20th, the state's economy was dependent on agriculture, fishing, logging and salt mining. In September 1821, the city of Campeche proclaimed its adherence to the Plan of Iguala and the new Independent government of Mexico, forcing out its last Spanish governor

9648-460: The altar, during renovation works in the church of Church of St. Lazarus at Larnaka, and were identified as part of the saint's relics. In June 2012 the Church of Cyprus gave a part of the holy relics of Saint Lazarus to a delegation of the Russian Orthodox Church, led by Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and All Russia , after a four-day visit to Cyprus. The relics were brought to Moscow and were given to Archbishop Arseniy of Istra, who took them to

9792-461: The ancient village may not precisely coincide with the present one, but there is every reason to believe that it was in this general location." While there is no further mention of Lazarus in the Bible, the Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic traditions offer varying accounts of the later events of his life. He is most commonly associated with Cyprus , where he is said to have become the first bishop of Kition (Larnaka), and Provence , where he

9936-440: The annual event featured orchestras and in 1815, formal dances called "saraos" were organized which originally were held only in the homes of the elite. Later in the 19th century, events in the streets for the masses became popular, with the various neighborhoods of the city organizing their own events. Eventually, these merged into a citywide celebration featuring various traditional dances such as Baile del Pavo, Son de la Cucaracha,

10080-439: The apostles misunderstand, he clarifies, "Lazarus is dead, and for your sake I am glad I was not there, so that you may believe." When Jesus arrives in Bethany, he finds that Lazarus is dead and has already been in his tomb for four days. He meets first with Martha and Mary in turn. Martha laments that Jesus did not arrive soon enough to heal her brother ("if you had been here, my brother would not have died") and Jesus replies with

10224-415: The ascension of our Lord, they sold all these things. The 15th-century poet Georges Chastellain draws on the tradition of the unsmiling Lazarus: "He whom God raised, doing him such grace, the thief, Mary's brother, thereafter had naught but misery and painful thoughts, fearing what he should have to pass". ( Le pas de la mort , VI ). Lazarus is honored as a saint by those Christian churches which keep

10368-480: The attacks were at the port of Campeche, but Champontón also suffered significant attacks in 1644 and 1672. Fortification of the city of Campeche began as early as 1610, but these structures were insufficient. The worst pirate attack occurred in 1685, when Laurens de Graaf sacked the city of Campeche and the surrounding haciendas for over thirty days, killing about a third of the area's population. This prompted far more extensive fortification with numerous forts and

10512-413: The author or a later redactor to stress a connection between these stories that is, however, not found in the older canonical gospels. They further note that the actual anointing will not be narrated until verse 12:3, and that neither Mary, nor Martha, nor the village of these sisters, nor any anointing is mentioned in the Gospel of John before this point, suggesting that the author (or redactor) assumes

10656-409: The benefit of the people standing here, that they may believe that you sent me." He then calls Lazarus to come out ("Lazarus, come forth!") and Lazarus does so, still wrapped in his grave-cloths. Jesus then calls for someone to remove the grave-cloths, and let him go. The narrative ends with the statement that many of the witnesses to this event "believed in him". Others are said to report the events to

10800-473: The center and south of the state for both meat and milk products and account for the most product by volume. In the north, most commercially raised livestock is domestic fowl mostly chickens and turkeys, but domestic fowl is raised in most rural homes all over the state. Sheep and goats are raised sparsely all over the state, depending on local vegetation. Forestry, including the extraction of precious tropical hardwoods, remains an important economic activity despite

10944-416: The center of the state. Rainforest areas subdivide into a number of types which include perennial tall tree rainforest, semi perennial tall tree rainforest, deciduous medium height tree rainforest, semi-deciduous medium height tree rainforest, deciduous low height tree rainforest and semi-perennial low height tree rainforest. Away from the coast, these rainforests are interspersed with savannah areas and along

11088-685: The chain of events that leads to the Crucifixion of Jesus . They consider it as a "resurrection that will lead to death", in that the raising of Lazarus will lead to the death of Jesus, the Son of God , in Jerusalem which will reveal the Glory of God. The Catechism of the Catholic Church states that the miracle performed by Jesus returned Lazarus to ordinary earthly life as with the son of

11232-410: The chiefdom of Can Pech was called "Ah-Kin-Pech", where the city of Campeche is now. When the Spanish first arrived to the area in 1517, they called it Lazaro, since "the day of our landing was St. Lazarus' Sunday ". The native name means "place of snakes and ticks". Campeche is a relatively flat area of Mexico with 523 km (325 mi) of shoreline on the Gulf of Mexico . Most of the surface

11376-691: The church under the Holy of Holies. In the 16th century, a Russian monk from the Monastery of Pskov visited Lazarus's tomb in Larnaca and took with him a small piece of the relics. Perhaps that piece led to the erection of the St. Lazarus chapel at the Pskov Monastery ( Spaso-Eleazar Monastery, Pskov ), where it is kept today. In November 1972, human remains in a marble sarcophagus were discovered under

11520-520: The city and port of Campeche with domestic service, mostly to Mexico City. Opened in 1965, it served about 100,000 passengers in 2009. The city Campeche (formally known as San Francisco de Campeche) is one of the least known and most overlooked colonial cities in Mexico, mostly bypassed by those visiting more famous destinations in the Yucatan peninsula. The city's historic buildings are protected by decree to keep them from being destroyed or altered by

11664-486: The city of Campeche, with some in Ciudad del Carmen. The Nuestra Señora del Carmen Church in Ciudad del Carmen was built in the 18th century. The Sagrado Corazón de Jesús Church was built in the 18th century in Sabancuy, Carmen. The church and former monastery of San Francisco de Asís was begun in the 16th century by the Franciscans in Hecelchakán. Outside of the city Campeche, much of the notable civil architecture in

11808-540: The coast are accompanied by areas with sand dunes, mangrove wetlands and estuaries . Species that can be found in the various rainforests include Spanish cedar ( Cedrela odorata ), oxhorn bucida ( Bucida buceras ), Campeche logwood ( Haematoxylum campechianum ), and wild tamarind ( Lysiloma latisiliquum ). It also includes a number of precious tropical hardwoods such as red cedar ( Toona ciliata ) Honduran mahogany ( Swietenia macrophylla ), ziricote ( Cordia dodecandra ) and Hollywood ( Guaiacum sanctum ). Along

11952-667: The coastal areas, palms dominate such as the coconut tree ( Cocos nucifera ) and royal palm ( Roystonea regia ). The main wildlife species in the state are the jaguar, ocelot, puma, deer, collared peccary , raccoon, hare, ring-tailed cat and Yucatan spider monkey . There are many bird species including the plain chachalaca , quail, pelican, and toucan. Reptiles include rattlesnakes, coral snakes, boa constrictors, various species of sea and land turtles, iguanas, and crocodiles. While still rich in wildlife, much has been decimated because of agriculture and exploitation of forest resources destroying habitat as well as uncontrolled hunting. Most of

12096-465: The collective memory of the Christ-movement.' The author did not strive to give a historically accurate account of what had happened, but instead, for theological purposes, combined various existing narratives in order to construct Lazarus, Mary and Martha of Bethany as a prototypical Christian family, whose example is to be followed by Christians. Zangenberg (2023), however, doubts that John 11

12240-477: The commemoration of saints, although on different days, according to local traditions. In Christian funerals the idea of the deceased being raised by the Lord as Lazarus was raised is often expressed in prayer. The Eastern Orthodox Church and Byzantine Catholic Church commemorate Lazarus on Lazarus Saturday , the day before Palm Sunday , which is a moveable feast day. This day, together with Palm Sunday, hold

12384-549: The convent was deserted and fell into ruin with only the tomb and barrel vaulting surviving. By 1384, a simple mosque had been built on the site. In the 16th century, the Ottomans built the larger al-Uzair Mosque to serve the town's (now Muslim) inhabitants and named it in honor of the town's patron saint, Lazarus of Bethany. According to the Catholic Encyclopedia of 1913, there were scholars who questioned

12528-417: The country. The economic boom tripled the population of the city of Campeche in ten years, and nearly doubled that of Ciudad del Carmen, which before was only a small fishing village. However, the production of oil has brought environmental problems to the area, especially fishing yields, as well as internal strife between locals and newcomers. In the mid-1980s, about 25,000 Guatemalan refugees had fled into

12672-416: The degradation of many of the state's forests. Commercial fishing is mostly done along the coast, with shrimp being the most valuable catch, followed by crustaceans and mollusks . This is mostly done in the coast reason, where most of the economy outside of oil production relies on fishing and the building and repair of fishing boats. The secondary sector of the economy (mining, construction and industry)

12816-484: The discovery of oil off its shores in a shallow water region called the Sonda de Campeche . This oil was discovered by a fisherman named Rudesindo Cantarell in 1971, who reported an oil slick. In 1975, the first oil platform, called Chac Number One began operations. The first set of offshore platforms were completed by 1979. The find has made the state the top producer of petroleum in Mexico, providing 70% of all oil pumped in

12960-427: The establishment of smaller settlements and a mixing of the Maya and Chontal people in the south of the state, which had commercial ties to the central highland cultures of Mexico. From the 11th century to the 16th century, Campeche was divided into smaller dominions. The first Spaniards in the area were Francisco Hernández de Córdoba and Antón de Alaminos in 1517, who landed at a settlement called Can-Pech, part of

13104-483: The faith of His disciples, and more especially of His apostles, might be strengthened, and 'that they might believe' and not doubt when they saw their Lord and Master in the hour of His abasement; and most of all to enable them to hope, when they saw His Body laid in the sepulchre, that He who had raised up Lazarus would Himself rise again." In Roger Baxter 's Meditations , he reflects on the verse "His sisters therefore sent to Him saying, Lord, behold he whom Thou lovest

13248-536: The fandango, fandanguillo and various forms of tropical jaranas. They also include more risqué dances such as those called la Culebra, Los Papagayos and la Contradanza de los Palitos which have Afro-Caribbean influence. Other important religious festivals include Candlemas (Candelaria) in Hool, Champotón and Campeche, feast day of Our Lady of Mount Carmen in Ciudad del Carmen, feast day of Saint Joachim in Palizada, and

13392-928: The feast day of Saint Roman in Campeche, the feast of San Isidro Labrador in Calkiní in May, the feast of the Cristo Negro in San Román, Day of the Dead in all of the state, feast of the Holy Cross in Sabancuy, Carmen in May, feast of Our Lady of Mount Carmen in Ciudad del Carmen in July and the feast of the Señor de la Salud in Hecelchakán in April. During these festivals is when the state's most traditional music, called jarana , and traditional dances can be heard and seen. As

13536-512: The growth of the city. Campeche was one of the most important ports in New Spain . It suffered more than 21 major pirate attacks in the colonial era. After 1685, the city's main fortifications were begun taking 24 years to complete. They succeeded in stopping major pirate attacks, with only one, Barbillas, finding a way to enter the city in 1708. The fortifications consisted of a formidable wall with four main gates, three opening to land and one to

13680-509: The historian Eusebius of Caesarea (c. 330) and the Bordeaux pilgrim do mention the tomb of Lazarus. In 390 Jerome mentions a church dedicated to Saint Lazarus, called the Lazarium . This is confirmed by the pilgrim Egeria in about the year 410. Therefore, the church is thought to have been built between 333 and 390. The present-day gardens contain the remnants of a mosaic floor from

13824-721: The inhabitants of Marseille claim to be in possession of his head which they still venerate. Pilgrims also visit another purported tomb of Lazarus at the Vézelay Abbey in Burgundy . The Abbey of the Trinity at Vendôme was said to hold a tear shed by Jesus at the tomb of Lazarus. The Golden Legend , compiled in the 13th century, records the Provençal tradition. It also records a grand lifestyle imagined for Lazarus and his sisters (note that therein Lazarus' sister Mary

13968-514: The inscription "Lazarus the friend of Christ" . Emperor Leo VI of Byzantium had Lazarus' remains transferred to Constantinople in 898. The transfer was apostrophized by Arethas, bishop of Caesarea , and is commemorated by the Eastern Orthodox Church each year on 17 October . In recompense to Larnaca, Emperor Leo had the Church of St. Lazarus , which still exists today, erected over Lazarus' tomb. The marble sarcophagus can be seen inside

14112-751: The largest being the Grijalva to which the Candelaria , Chumpán and Mamantal Rivers belong. The - Usumacinta also flows in the state but it tends to change course frequently and occasionally divides into branches. The east branch of this river is also called the Palizada River, which has the largest volume although it is narrow. The San Pedro River is another branch of the Usumacinta, which passes by Jonuta Municipality in Tabasco before emptying in

14256-544: The main forts of Campeche and demanded a political union consisting of it, Champotón and Isla del Carmen. Other settlements in the west of the peninsula expressed their desire to be partitioned with these areas as a new state. In 1858, representatives from Campeche and Mérida signed an agreement to divide the peninsula, which was ratified to make the division official. During the French Intervention in Mexico , forces under Felipe Navarrete took Campeche and forced

14400-465: The mainland. Other important bridges exist in Champotón , Candelaria and Palizada . Federal Highway 180 is the main thoroughfare in the state, running along the coast from the Tabasco state border connecting Ciudad del Carmen and Campeche with Mérida in Yucatán state. There are 403.84 km (250.93 mi) of rail line and two main airports in Campeche and Ciudad del Carmen. The latter also has

14544-627: The mid-20th century when it was replaced by the University of Campeche, which was initially housed at the institute. The Universidad Autónoma de Campeche was founded in 1957 by the state to systematize higher education in the state as its first major university. The institution operated out of several buildings until the mid-1960s, when the Ciudad Universitaria campus was built, and named the Universidad del Sudeste. This name

14688-418: The miracle of the raising of Lazarus, which seems as if it could have been a demonstration of the miraculous powers of Jesus. The Synoptic Gospels do include passages concerning the activities of the sisters of Lazarus but fail to mention their brother's resurrection. Spooner wrote that this seemed to indicate that the author of the Gospel of John, "was actually dishonest, or that he took up, believed and recorded

14832-437: The municipalities of Hopelchén , Champotón and Calakmul . In the far north of the coast region, there are important deposits of salt. Construction and manufacturing account for 6.7% of the state's GDP. The most common type of industry relates to food and food processing including seafood, soft drinks, cookies, flour, sugar and honey. Another common industry is that of building materials such as cinderblock , wood products and

14976-465: The pain of this separation." Matthew Poole and others saw Lazarus' ability to move despite having his hands and feet wrapped together as a second miracle, but Charles Ellicott disputed that Lazarus' movement would have been restricted by his burial garments. Justus Knecht wrote that the object of this miracle related to the fact that, "the time of our Lord's Passion and Death was at hand, and He wrought this mighty miracle beforehand in order that

15120-421: The port was closed due to the war between Spain and England. This caused discontentment in the city and fomented insurgent tendencies. Campeche remained a wealthy and important port until the early 19th century, when a number of events brought on the decline. In 1811, the port of Sisal was opened in what is now the State of Yucatán, taking much of the city's business. Another issue was that Independence brought

15264-530: The presence of a crowd of Jewish mourners, Jesus comes to the tomb. Jesus asks for the stone of the tomb to be removed, but Martha interjects that there will be a smell. Jesus responds, "Did I not tell you that if you believed, you would see the glory of God?" Over the objections of Martha, Jesus has them roll the stone away from the entrance to the tomb and says a prayer. They take the stone away then Jesus looks up and says: " Father , I thank you that you have heard me. I know that you always hear me, but I said this for

15408-666: The processing of building stone. Most industries are small with little financing for technology and growth. Since the 1990s, factories of the " maquiladora " type have opened in the state, such as the Calkiní Shirt Company in Tepacan, Calkiní, Textiles Blazer in Lerma, Campeche, Quality Textil de Campeche in Becal, Calkiní and Karims Textile and Apparel México in the city of Campeche. Commerce and services account for 33.2% of

15552-506: The raising of Lazarus, the longest coherent narrative in John aside from the Passion , is the culmination of John's "signs". It explains the crowds seeking Jesus on Palm Sunday , and leads directly to the decision of Caiaphas and the Sanhedrin to kill Jesus. A resurrection story that is very similar is also found in the controversial Secret Gospel of Mark , although the young man is not named there specifically. Some scholars believe that

15696-433: The readers already have knowledge of these characters, this location and this event, and wants to tell them that these were connected (which he apparently knew the readers did not commonly know/believe yet) long before giving the readers more details. Elser and Piper (2006) posited that verse 11:2 is evidence that the author of the Gospel of John deliberately mixed up several traditions in an 'audacious attempt (...) to rework

15840-599: The religious authorities in Jerusalem. The Gospel of John mentions Lazarus again in chapter 12. Six days before the Passover on which Jesus is crucified , Jesus returns to Bethany and Lazarus attends a supper that Martha, his sister, serves. Jesus and Lazarus together attract the attention of many Jews and the narrator states that the chief priests consider having Lazarus put to death because so many people are believing in Jesus on account of this miracle. The miracle of

15984-469: The reputed site of the ancient village (though this was discounted by the Encyclopedia's author): Some believe that the present village of Bethany does not occupy the site of the ancient village; but that it grew up around the traditional cave which they suppose to have been at some distance from the house of Martha and Mary in the village; Zanecchia (La Palestine d'aujourd'hui, 1899, I, 445ff.) places

16128-460: The saints of 17 December. In Cuba, the celebration of San Lázaro on 17 December is a major festival. The date is celebrated with a pilgrimage to a chapel housing an image of Saint Lazarus, one of Cuba's most sacred icons, in the village of El Rincon, outside Havana . Lazarus is commemorated in the Calendars of some Anglican provinces. Lazarus is remembered (with Martha and Mary ) under

16272-454: The same events was written much later and could name the anonymous characters and could also include the raising of Lazarus because all of the individuals had died, and were no longer subject to persecution. The reputed first tomb of Lazarus is in Bethany and continues to be a place of pilgrimage to this day. Several Christian churches have existed at the site over the centuries. Since

16416-541: The sea. It also included a number of forts such as San Carlos, Santa Rosa, San Juan and San Francisco. Stories persist that many of the mansions had tunnels to escape pirates, but these have never been found. The state has a number of colonial-era churches. The Asunción church in Dzitbalché was constructed in the 18th century, with a pointed arch doorway, choral window and bell-gable. The Guadalupe Church in Bécal, Calkiní

16560-527: The sinful woman's feet-anointing (and hair-wiping) of Jesus in Galilee ( Luke 7 ; these first two may have a common origin, the Lukan account likely being derived from Mark), Jesus' visit to Martha and Mary in the unnamed Galilean village ( Luke 10 ), Jesus' parable of the rich man and Lazarus ( Luke 16 ), and possibly others involving Jesus' miraculous raising of the dead (the raising of Jairus' daughter and

16704-552: The site of the ancient village of Bethany higher up on the southeastern slope of the Mount of Olives, not far from the accepted site of Bethphage, and near that of the Ascension. It is quite certain that the present village formed about the traditional tomb of Lazarus, which is in a cave in the village. The identification of this cave as the tomb of Lazarus is merely possible; it has no strong intrinsic or extrinsic authority. The site of

16848-405: The soil composition. Over ninety percent of cropland is used for seasonal crops such as corn with the rest used for perennials such as fruit trees. The most important crop is corn, followed by rice and sorghum. Other important crops include jalapeño chili peppers, watermelon, sugar cane and various tropical and non-tropical fruit-bearing trees, especially citrus and mango . Most cattle are raised in

16992-412: The state has a total population of 899,931. Seventy-five percent live in urban areas along the coast and twenty-five percent live in rural areas. The most populated municipality is Campeche. Most of the state's population growth has occurred since 1970 when the population then was only 215,600. The most commonly spoken indigenous language spoken in the state is Yucatec Maya , with 71,852 speakers. This

17136-788: The state is $ 141,088 pesos in comparison to the national average of $ 99,114. However, there is a very large discrepancy between highly paid oil workers, mostly coming from out of state, and locals who do not work for PEMEX . Most land is owned as community property under the ejido system (61%). Twenty nine percent is privately owned and the rest is under state or federal control. Three out of four residences are in urban areas, which generally have basic services. Most of these have cement foundations, with cinderblock walls and brick or cement roofs. Rural residences are usually constructed from local materials which may have roofs of laminate, palm fronds or even cardboard, walls made of laminate or wood, with foundations generally of cement or packed earth. Overall in

17280-494: The state is divided into four major regions. The coastal region consists of the entire coastline of the state and a strip of shallow water just offshore called the Sonda de Campeche with coral reefs and low islands called cays . The region has large expanses of mangroves that dominate the swamps. Non-swamp areas are dominated by palm trees. Wildlife is dominated by bird and reptile species such as storks, pelicans, ducks, seagulls, lizards, turtles and water snakes. The mountain region

17424-575: The state is found on the various former haciendas. Many of these haciendas have been turned into hotels, spas and other tourist attractions. Hacienda Blanca Flor is located in Hecelchakán outside Campeche. This hacienda was a site of one of the bloodiest battles of the Caste War . Hacienda Santa Cruz is between Campeche and Calkiní in the Nunkiní community. It is dated to the middle of the 18th century established to raise cattle. It continued operating until

17568-416: The state to escape civil war there . The oil money allowed for the revitalization of the city of Campeche starting in the 1980s. The State Office of Cultural Heritage Sites and Monuments bought abandoned properties to restore them for use as museums, schools, theaters and a library. More than a thousand facades and monuments have been refurbished in the historic center and the oldest residential areas. In

17712-546: The state to rejoin the rest of the Yucatán. In 1864, insurgents defeated the imperial army in Hecelchakán and in 1867, they retook Campeche to regain the state's independence. During the Mexican Revolution , Manuel Castilla Brito took up arms in Campeche in support of Francisco I. Madero . However, the insurgents were defeated by General Manuel Rivera, a Victoriano Huerta supporter in 1913. Forces loyal to Venustiano Carranza entered Campeche in 1914. Slavery and serfdom

17856-590: The state was located in the former monastery of San José in the city of Campeche, founded by the Jesuits in 1756 called the Colegio Clerical de San José. In 1823, its name was changed to the Colegio Clerical de San Miguel de Estrada. After the Reform Laws closed the monastery, The Instituto Campechano was established in 1859 by then-governor Pablo Garcia in the same building. The Institute operated until

18000-528: The state's GDP. The commerce sector of the economy is mostly traditional with small establishments catering to local or regional needs. In the larger cities, supermarkets and malls can be found. Most commerce with entities outside of Campeche is in seafood, agricultural and forestry products. The state has thirty-four traditional public markets . All petroleum products are marketed by the national oil company PEMEX. The state has about five hundred businesses dedicated to tourism, about half of which are restaurants,

18144-471: The state's aquatic life — including many species of fish, crustaceans, and mollusks — is found in the Bay of Campeche . Many of these are exploited commercially. Most of the state's surface freshwater is in the south and southwest, with rivers, small lakes and estuaries. These diminish in the north where rainfall rapidly filtrates into the subsoil. The rivers in the south and southwest belong to various basins, with

18288-528: The state's streams flow only in the rainy season. The Laguna de Términos lagoon is located in the southwest of the state, near the border with Tabasco . It is separated from the Gulf of Mexico only by the Isla del Carmen . It receives freshwater from most of Campeche's rivers as well as saltwater from the Gulf of Mexico. In these brackish waters have developed a number of aquatic species such as sea bass, small sharks, crabs, oysters, turtles, and storks. The lagoon

18432-401: The state, running water, garbage collection and electricity are available in over 80% of homes, but sewage in only a third. Over sixty five percent of the territory is exploited for forestry products, with over 25% used for grazing, with only 3.3% used for agriculture and about 5.5% used for other purposes such as human settlements. Only 3.3% of the state's land is used for raising crops due to

18576-531: The subsequent feet- anointing of Jesus by Mary of Bethany (John 11:1–12:11,17) was composed by seeking to explain its apparent relationships with the older textual traditions of the Synoptic Gospels ( Mark , Matthew , and Luke ). The author of John may have combined elements from several – apparently originally unrelated – stories into a single narrative. These include the unnamed woman's head-anointing of Jesus in Bethany ( Mark 14 , Matthew 26 ),

18720-522: The well-known statement, "I am the resurrection, and the life: he that believeth in me, though he were dead, yet shall he live: And whosoever liveth and believeth in me shall never die." Martha affirms that she does truly believe and states, "Yes, Lord. I believe that you are the Messiah, the Son of God, who has to come into the world." Later the narrator here gives the famous simple phrase, " Jesus wept ." In

18864-684: The west. Politically, it is divided into thirteen municipalities: Calakmul , Calkiní , Campeche , Candelaria , Carmen , Champotón , Dzitbalché , Escárcega , Hecelchakán , Hopelchén , Palizada , Seybaplaya , and Tenabo . The state has eighteen radio stations (fifteen of them commercial), seventeen television channels, one of which is local, ten from Mexico City and the rest cable or satellite, and four local newspapers, along with various from Mexico City. Newspapers of Campeche include: Crónica de Campeche , El Sur de Campeche , Expreso de Campeche , La Ira Noticias para Mí Campeche , Novedades de Campeche , and Tribuna (Campeche) . Telephone service

19008-559: The widow of Nain and Jairus' daughter and that Lazarus and the others who were raised from the dead would later die again. The Russian Orthodox Church 's Catechism of St. Philaret writes that among the miracles performed by Jesus was the raising of Lazarus from the dead on the fourth day after Lazarus' death. In the Southern Baptist Convention 's 2014 resolution On the Sufficiency of Scripture Regarding

19152-468: The winter. Prevailing winds are from the northwest from November to March, from the north between September and October, from the southeast from June to August and from the south in April and May. In the winter, storms from the north called "nortes" can bring colder dry air from the area of the United States. In the late summer, there are sometimes hurricanes. The state has a number of ecosystems, from rainforest, to savanna to coast and sea. Environmentally,

19296-492: Was abolished on the haciendas. In 1917, Campeche wrote its current constitution. There was some improvement in the state's economy starting in the 1950s when fishing and timber industries became more developed and there was better communication between the state and Mexico City. In 1955, the University of Campeche was founded and a state system of middle schools was begun. However, Campeche's main economic change come with

19440-425: Was begun in 1999 and has had the participation of figures such as Mike Stern , Caribbean Jazz Project , Yazzkin, Chano Domínguez , Eugenio Toussaint , David Gilmore and Scott Henderson . One notable economic fair outside the city is the "Jipi" Sombrero Festival in Bécal in April and May. The largest religious festival in the state is Carnival in the city of Campeche. Carnival was introduced in 1582. By 1688,

19584-406: Was built in the 18th century. The San Diego Apóstol Church in Nunkiní, Calkiní was built in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. The church and former monastery of San Luis Obispo is located in Calkiní, built in the 17th century of stone, wood and metal over a former Mayan temple. The facade is simple with a bell-gable and there remains only one of its original Baroque altarpieces, which was made in

19728-492: Was buried there for the second and last time. Further establishing the apostolic nature of Lazarus' appointment was the story that the bishop's omophorion was presented to Lazarus by the Virgin Mary, who had woven it herself. Such apostolic connections were central to the claims to autocephaly made by the bishops of Kition—subject to the patriarch of Jerusalem —during the period 325–431. The church of Kition

19872-498: Was changed to the current one in 1989. The university offers twenty three bachelor's degrees, and eight graduate degrees. The Instituto Tecnológico de Campeche was founded in 1976 as the Instituto Tecnológico Regional de Campeche as part of a nationwide system of technical colleges with only two majors. The college gained its own campus in 1978 and its current name was adopted in the 1980s. As of 2015,

20016-544: Was declared self-governing in 431 AD at the Third Ecumenical Council . According to tradition, Lazarus never smiled during the thirty years after his resurrection, worried by the sight of unredeemed souls he had seen during his four-day stay in Hell. The only exception happened when, seeing someone stealing a pot, he smilingly said: "the clay steals the clay." In 890, a tomb was found in Larnaca bearing

20160-406: Was dependent on the other synoptic stories, finding the evidence for this theory insufficient. He also argues that John displays an accurate knowledge of Jewish burial customs at the time, as attested by archaeology and ancient Jewish texts. Earlier commentators include deist Lysander Spooner , who wrote in 1836 that it was unusual that the Synoptic Gospels (Matthew, Mark and Luke) do not mention

20304-603: Was mostly likely influenced by pirates with queso de bola related to Dutch cheese-making traditions. The average number of years of schooling for those over age 15 is 8.5, which means that most finish middle school. This is slightly under the national average of 8.6. Over 55% finish primary school and over 35% finish a level over high school, either in technical training or university. The state has over 1800 schools from preschool to university level. These include seventeen teachers' colleges and twenty eight other institutions of higher education. The first educational institution in

20448-422: Was not accepted. Political divisions intensified along with the nationwide struggle between Liberals and Conservatives . Despite Campeche's and Mérida's differences, both were involved in an insurrection against Mexico City headed by Jerónimo López de Llergo in 1839 with the aim of creating an independent state of Yucatán . After initial victories, López de Llergo proclaimed the peninsula independent and in 1841,

20592-458: Was part of the province of Yucatán, but split off in the mid-19th century, mostly due to political friction with the city of Mérida . Much of the state's recent economic revival is due to the discovery of petroleum offshore in the 1970s, which has made the coastal cities of Campeche and Ciudad del Carmen important economic centers. The state has important Mayan and colonial sites; however, these are not as well-known or visited as much as others in

20736-666: Was restored by the Mexican Army to house the Marine Infantry School in 1999. Hacienda Uayamón is near the city of Campeche with origins in the 16th century. It was attacked and its owner killed in the raid by Laurens de Graaf in 1685. It continued to operate until the Mexican Revolution and today it is home to the Hotel de Gran Turismo. Hacienda Tankuché was dedicated to raising dyewood ( palo de tinte ) but changed later to henequen . Despite losing most of its land in

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