73-644: Lovin is a surname. And also used as name in tribal state of Arunachal Pradesh India . Example Lovin Tamin Notable people with this surname include: Arunachal Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh ( / ər ʊ ˌ n ɑː tʃ əl p r ə ˈ d eɪ ʃ / ; lit. ' Dawn-Lit Mountain Province ' ) is a state in northeast India . It was formed from the North-East Frontier Agency (NEFA) region, and India declared it as
146-506: A divisional commissioner and twenty-five districts, each administered by a deputy commissioner . Arunachal Pradesh has a total of 28 districts, West Siang being the largest district in terms of area and Tawang being the smallest district. Papum is the largest district in terms of population and Diwang Valley is the smallest district. Below are the major towns in Arunachal Pradesh. Arunachal Pradesh can be roughly divided into
219-478: A humid subtropical climate . High-altitude areas (3,500–5,500 m) have a subtropical highland climate and alpine climate. Arunachal Pradesh receives 2,000 to 5,000 millimetres (79 to 197 in) of rainfall annually, 70%–80% obtained between May and October. Arunachal Pradesh has among the highest diversity of mammals and birds in India. There are around 750 species of birds and more than 200 species of mammals in
292-432: A sage, told him of their cause of trouble, and asked him for a solution. The sage told them that they have committed the greatest sin of killing the sons of God himself and all this is happening because their blood smeared on their hands and the only way to remorse their mistake is to build statues of the kings and preserve them lifelong. Abiding by his advice, villagers started building the statues. However, whenever they left
365-741: A set of semi-distinct cultural spheres, on the basis of tribal identity, language, religion and material culture: the Tibetic -speaking Monpa area bordering Bhutan in the west, the Tani area in the centre of the state, the Mishmi area to the east of the Tani area, the Tai / Singpho / Tangsa area bordering Myanmar, and the Naga area to the south, which also borders Myanmar. In between there are transition zones, such as
438-487: A state on 20 February 1987 during Rajiv Gandhi government at the center. NB: K A A Raja, as Chief Commissioner to NEFA, under Assam , whose Capital used to be Shillong , later on went to become the first Lieuitenent Governor to the Union Territory of Arunachal Pradesh. The 14th Dalai Lama did not originally recognise India's sovereignty over Arunachal Pradesh. As late as 2003, he said that "Arunachal Pradesh
511-537: A state on 20 February 1987. Itanagar is its capital and largest town. It borders the Indian states of Assam and Nagaland to the south. It shares international borders with Bhutan in the west, Myanmar in the east, and a disputed 1,129 km border with China 's Tibet Autonomous Region in the north at the McMahon Line . Arunachal Pradesh is claimed in its entirety by China as South Tibet as part of
584-659: A unilateral ceasefire and withdrew, accepting the current international boundary". In recent years, China has occasionally asserted its claims on Tawang . India rebutted these claims and told the Chinese government that Tawang is an integral part of India. India reiterated this to China when the two prime ministers met in Thailand in October 2009. A report that the Chinese Army had briefly invaded Arunachal Pradesh in 2016
657-463: Is an ancient village with high historical and cultural significance situated in West Kameng district of Arunachal Pradesh , India . Thembang is an ancient village, which was said to be established before first century AD. The village is considered as the most ancient village in the region and earlier the village was known as Yuchho-Pema-Chen, which means Lotus like village. It is believed that
730-434: Is constituted by four Bapu clans namely Khochilu, Sharchhokpa, Atajaipu and Dirkhipa, and four Gilla clans namely Lhopa, Merakpa, Nyimu and Sharmu. The Bapu clans are the descendants of a king of south Tibet who was the descendant of the emperor of Tibet, Songtsen Gampo (6th century). The Bapus control all the village affairs including land etc. The lands, including forest, grazing grounds, agricultural were all divided among
803-678: Is purely organic using very basic things such as cow dung and sheep scat and their urine as manure and oak leaves for mulching as well as for various other purposes. They also rear animal for agricultural purpose as well as to sustain their livelihood through various milk products. Some of the important festivals of Thembang are Losar, Hoishina, Choikor etc. Thembang has a large forest area under its control with an altitude ranging from 1500 m to 7000 m above MSL. The forest type ranges from temperate to alpine meadows where one can find rare orchids, rhododendrons, primula and very rare medicinal plants. The faunal diversity includes rare species of animals such as
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#1732765491226876-778: The Aka / Hruso / Miji / Sherdukpen area, between the Tibetan Buddhist tribes and the animist Tani hill tribes . In addition, there are isolated peoples scattered throughout the state, such as the Sulung. Within each of these cultural spheres, one finds populations of related tribes speaking related languages and sharing similar traditions. In the Tibetic area, one finds large numbers of Monpa tribespeople, with several subtribes speaking closely related but mutually incomprehensible languages, and also large numbers of Tibetan refugees. Within
949-632: The Brahmaputra River watershed. The foothills and the plains, were under the control of the Chutia kings of Assam . Inner parts of the state remained independent and self-governed even though interactions with external party did exist. Recent excavations of ruins of temples, such as the 14th-century Malinithan at the foot of the Siang hills in West Siang , indicate they were built during
1022-660: The Chinese as Menba were responsible for trade between Assam and Tibet and held the Koriapar Dooar at Sonitpur district of Assam . The Monpa chief were subordinate to the ruler of Tawang who in turn were subordinate to the Government of Tibet or Ganden Phodrang in Lhasa . The Tibetan government at Lhasa appointed Tibetan officials called Gellongs to supervise the local Monpa chief. The Monpa chief who looked after
1095-554: The Chutia reign. Another notable heritage site, Bhismaknagar, has led to suggestions that the Chutia people had an advanced culture and administration. The third heritage site, the 400-year-old Tawang Monastery in the extreme north-west of the state, provides some historical evidence of the Buddhist tribal people. The main archaeological sites of the state include: In 1912–13, the British Indian government established
1168-709: The National Socialist Council of Nagaland (NSCN), who are believed to have base camps in the districts of Changlang and Tirap . These groups seek to decrease the influence of Indian government in the region and merge part of Arunachal Pradesh into Nagaland . The Indian army is present along the Tibetan border to thwart any Chinese incursion. Under the Foreigners (Protected Areas) Order 1958 (India) , Inner Line Permits (ILPs) are required to enter Arunachal Pradesh through any of its checkgates on
1241-558: The North-East Frontier Tracts . It was divided into three sections, which eventually came to be called the Ballipara Frontier Tract, Lakhimpur Frontier Tract and Sadiya Frontier Tract. In 1913–1914, representatives of the de facto independent state of Tibet and Britain met in India to define the borders of 'Outer Tibet' (with respect to China). British administrator Sir Henry McMahon drew
1314-579: The Singpho and Tangsa Naga tribes of the same area, all of which are also found in Burma. They are one of the most recent people group migrated to Arunachal region from Burma. The Nocte Naga and Wancho Naga are another two major ethnic tribes. Both the tribes exhibit very much cultural similarities. Finally, the Deori tribe is also a major community in the state, with their own distinctive identity. They are
1387-723: The Tani area, major tribes include the Nyishi . Apatani also live among the Nyishi , but are distinct. In the north one find the Tagin People. In the centre, one finds predominantly Galo people , with the major sub-groups of Karka, Lodu, Bogum, Lare and Pugo among others, extending to the Ramo and Pailibo areas (which are close in many ways to Galo). In the east, one finds the Adi with many subtribes including Padam , Pasi, Minyong and Bokar , among others. Milang , while also falling within
1460-643: The 550 miles (890 km) McMahon Line as the border between British India and Tibet, placing Tawang and other areas within British India. The Tibetan and British representatives devised the Simla Accord including the McMahon Line, but the Chinese representatives did not concur. The Simla Accord denies other benefits to China while it declines to assent to the Accord. The Chinese position
1533-528: The Bailey Trail to Thembang and went directly to Bomdila encircling a large numbers of Indian army between Bomdila and Sela Pass . The village was destroyed completely as it became a war field between the two armies. Artillery were shell on this village from opposite hilltop near present Bomdila by Indian army on Chinese soldier as they have captured and camped the village. The villagers ran away to plains of Assam leaving everything scattered. The village
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#17327654912261606-553: The Bapus viz. Khochilu, Sharchhokpa, Atajaipu, and Dirkhipa. The four Gillas viz. Lhopa, Merakpa, Nyimu, and Sharmu live with their adjacent Bapu on the land specified by the Bapus for agricultural, housing or other purposes. Thembang has witnessed very little impact of urbanisation. Clans residing inside the fort still live in stone houses that were constructed following indigenous Monpa architecture. There are many caves with religious significance and numerous Mani and Chorten in and around
1679-519: The Bodos to understand. The Bodos, in confusion, thought that the princes were casting black magic on them so in disparity villagers were gathered and killed both the brother at night while they were sleeping. After the death of Nyila and Yonpu, the Bodo area faced many mishaps, severe drought flood followed by epidemic, famine, and other calamities. In the end, all the villagers, immensely, worriedly, went to
1752-480: The Duar were called Tsorgon, a position created in the 16th century. According to historical Tibetan text the state of Arunachal Pradesh known as Lhoyu came under the control of Tubo Kingdom or Tibetan Empire in the 7th century CE. In the 17th century, the 5th Dalai Lama Ngawang Lobsang Gyatso (1617–1682), who achieved political supremacy over Tibet in 1642, imposed a tax called Khrey over Monyul and instructed
1825-571: The Simla Accord as a bilateral accord and the Survey of India published a detailed map showing the McMahon Line as a border of India. In 1944, Britain established administrations in the area, from Dirang Dzong in the west to Walong in the east. Following the conclusion of British rule, India gained independence in 1947, while the People's Republic of China (PRC) was founded in 1949. Despite this,
1898-549: The Survey of British India have stayed here in the fort while coming down from Tibet during the “ Tsangpo Exploration ” thus the route which passes through Thembang is known as “Bailey Trail”. Many British officers stayed in Thembang including H W Tilman in 1938. During the Sino-Indian war in 1962 , the village has also witnessed a fierce battle between the Indian and Chinese army. A huge Chinese army had come down through
1971-518: The Tibet Autonomous Region; China occupied some regions of Arunachal Pradesh in 1962 but later withdrew its forces. As of the 2011 Census of India , Arunachal Pradesh has a population of 1,383,727 and an area of 83,743 square kilometres (32,333 sq mi). With only 17 inhabitants per square kilometre, it is the least densely populated state of India. It is an ethnically diverse state, with predominantly Monpa people in
2044-561: The border disagreement was a factor leading to the Sino-Indian War in 1962, during which China captured most of Arunachal Pradesh. During the 1962 Sino-Indian War , Tawang tract of Arunachal Pradesh was captured and temporarily controlled by the Chinese People's Liberation Army . However, China soon declared victory, withdrew back to the McMahon Line and returned Indian prisoners of war in 1963. The war resulted in
2117-528: The border with Assam . Arunachal Pradesh is located between 26.28° N and 29.30° N latitude and 91.20° E and 97.30° E longitude and has an area of 83,743 km (32,333 sq mi). The highest peak in the state is Kangto , at 7,060 metres (23,160 ft). Nyegi Kangsang, the main Gorichen peak, and the Eastern Gorichen peak are other tall Himalaya peaks. The state's mountain ranges, in
2190-620: The construction of fortresses in Monpa area called Dzong which served as centers for administration and tax collection. The fortressess built were Dirang Dzong, Taklung Dzong and Gyangkhar Dzong to collect tax from the Dirang Monpa , Kalaktang Monpa and Tawang Monpa respectively. The officials who collected the taxes were called Dzongpon . The tax was carried to Tawang Monastery and then to Lhasa via Tsona city (present-day China). The 6th Dalai Lama Tsangyang Gyatso (1683–1706)
2263-521: The control of the Monpa kingdom of Monyul under Tibet which flourished between 500 BCE and 600 CE. The Monpa and Sherdukpen keep historical records of the existence of local chiefdoms in the northwest as well. According to Tibetan chronicles, Monyul was ruled by Gongkar Gyal, descendent of an exiled Tibetan ruler named Lhase Tsangma , the brother of Tibetan king Ralpacan who arrived in Monyul in 837 A.D or earlier. A descendant of Gongkar Gyal became
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2336-547: The descendants of the priestly class of Chutia people who were allowed to continue their livelihood after the defeat of the Chutias. Deoris are one of the only Arunachal tribes in the historical records – which shows they are among the first ethnic groups to inhabit the Himalayas of the districts of Dibang Valley and Lohit, before the arrival of many other tribes in the region between 1600 and 1900. Thembang Thembang
2409-484: The elusive Snow leopard, Red panda, Himalayan black bear, Clouded leopard, Chinese pangolin, Black pika, Blue sheep etc. The area is also rich in bird diversity which includes rare bird species like Himalayan monal, Blood pheasant, Bamboo partridge, Satyr tragopan, Khalij pheasant etc. The Thungri – Changla – Porshingla area of Thembang have already been identified as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by Birdlife International. Having all these resources Community based eco-tourism
2482-652: The extreme East of India, are described as "the place where the sun rises" in historical Indian texts and named the Aruna Mountains, which inspired the name of the state. The villages of Dong (more accessible by car, and with a lookout favoured by tourists) and Vijaynagar (on the edge of Myanmar) receive the first sunlight in all of India. Major rivers of Arunachal Pradesh include the Kameng , Subansiri , Siang ( Brahmaputra ), Dibang , Lohit and Noa Dihing rivers. Subsurface flows and summer snow melt contribute to
2555-412: The fort. There are many villages in the nearby areas under the jurisdiction of Thembang. These are Gonthung, Pangma, Semnak, Cherong, Tangchhenmu, Lagam, Chanther, and Lachong. Most villages such as Gonthung, Pangma, Semnak, Cherong, Tangchhenmu are occupied by people migrated from Thembang whereas the villages such as Lagam, Chanther, and Lachong are occupied by migrants from other region who pay taxes to
2628-564: The general Adi sphere, are in many ways quite distinct. Moving east, the Idu , Miju and Digaru make up the Mishmi cultural-linguistic area. Moving southeast, the Tai Khamti are linguistically distinct from their neighbours and culturally distinct from the majority of other Arunachalese tribes. They follow the Theravada sect of Buddhism. They also exhibit considerable convergence with
2701-410: The girl asked them who they are. The pigeons answered, “When the villagers come back, don’t tell them we completed these, just tell them that big statue is of Nyila and the smaller one is of Yonpu.” “What if they insist?” the girl asked. “Then tell them to bring a small amount of every food items that are found in the area and when they do, eat it and feed your baby. After that, you can tell them”. After
2774-417: The hands of Darrang king. When Jhar-Trangpo-Dhar was presented before the king, he said, “I am the king of Thembang, son of Wangmo-Pele-dar holding the throne of Nyila and Yonpu and I am rightfully here to collect the tax.” The king of Darrang said that he would allow villager to give him tax with a challenge. The challenge was that the king of Thembang would receive as much tax as he could lift. Surprisingly, he
2847-407: The king of Tibet. The king was named Wangma-Pele-Dhar, he was a grandson of the emperor of Tibet (of Potola Palace) known as Sadnalegs , direct descendant of the emperor Songtsen Gampo . After his death, his son, Jhar-Trangpo-Dhar was made the king. Like the cha cha-nye, when he went to collect taxes from Darrang district of Assam, the villagers refused to acknowledge him. The matter was handed into
2920-524: The king of the Merak region and ran away all the way from Bhutan to this region with their livestock. 80% of people are involved in agriculture. People in the village cultivate crops like maize, barley, wheat, millet, buckwheat, etc. Livestock includes yak, cattle, the semi-wild Mithun (Bos frontalis) and their hybrids, in addition to sheep and horses. Milk products such as butter and cheese from yak, cattle, and their hybrids form an important source of income for
2993-569: The land specified by their Bapu clan for agriculture, housing, and other purposes. Villages in the higher altitudes like Chanther and Lagam are predominantly pastoral whereas those lower down Thembang, Pangma, Gonthung, Semnak, Cherrong and Tangchhenmu are mostly agro-pastoral. Many small villages occupy the nearby the area under the jurisdiction of Thembang. These are Gonthung, Pangma, Semnak, Cherong, Tangchhenmu, Lagam, Chander, and Lachong. These villages have settled by people either migrated from Thembang or migrant from other regions. Thembang village
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3066-435: The locals. Yak and sheep used for meat and are also used for their wool. Women weave rugs, carpets, clothes, and bags from locally produced wool. There are four higher clans (Bapu): Khochilu, Dirkhipa, Sherchokpa, Atajaipu and four lower clans (Geela): Lhopa, Merakpa, Nyimu, and Sharmu. The Bapus manage all village affairs including land, agriculture, grazing grounds. Moreover, each Gila clan corresponds to one Bapu clan and use
3139-399: The major ones was the war between Bapus and Miji tribes of Deojing (present Rurang). Tsongdangbu was leading the war and he was very powerful. During that war all the Bapus had fled to other places leaving only two brothers of Bapu clan who had stayed back to fight with him. After a long fight the war was about to end with Bapus defeat, but there was a broken arrow dipped in poison inside one of
3212-589: The new Chinese administration maintained its position that the McMahon Line was not valid. In November 1950, the PRC was poised to take over Tibet by force, and India supported Tibet. Journalist Sudha Ramachandran argued that China claimed Tawang on behalf of Tibetans, though Tibetans did not claim Tawang is in Tibet. What is now Arunachal Pradesh was established as the North-East Frontier Agency (NEFA) in 1954 and Sino-Indian relations were cordial until 1960. Resurgence of
3285-451: The people of Thembang as these land are owned by respective Bapus of Thembang. Cherong and Tangchhenmu villages belong to the Geela clan of Thembang. The people of these villages do not pay any taxes to Thembang because their ancestors bought that land long before. Their roots are from Merak of Bhutan who were nomadic people grazing their yak which was their main occupation. They nomads killed
3358-460: The pigeons left and Bodos returned, they asked the girl how the statues were complete. The girl told them whose statues were those but refused to say anything else. After much insisting, the girl told them to bring a small portion of all the food in the village. The villagers did as were told. After eating and feeding her baby, the girl told them what had happened. However, after uttering the last word, she along with her baby coughed blood and died. Thus
3431-482: The place as Lhoyü and western Arunachal Pradesh which includes the present Tawang district and Kameng district in Tibetan text were called Monyul ( low land ). Arunachal Pradesh means Land of the Dawn-Lit Mountains , which is the sobriquet for
3504-418: The quivers which the younger brother took and hit him at his breast killing him instantly. Another war was with Tukpenpa (Rupa). Pemajaipu was the general of Tukpen who was killed by a small boy of Thembang and his head was bought and buried under the stairs of the northern gate. It is the custom to spit on that spot whenever anybody enters the village. In 1913, Lt. Col. FM Bailey and Capt. H T Morshead of
3577-702: The ruler of Trashiyangtse region of Bhutan and Gapde Tsan another descendant was the ruler of Khorwong valley in Thembang town (now West Kameng district , Arunachal Pradesh). Later, the second son of Gongkar Gyal, Wongme Palde who returned to Tibet owing to the poverty in Khorwong valley came back to Monyul to become its ruler. The Rgyal rigs text written in 1668 or 1728 contains a record of taxes collected. Taxes were paid via coins, foodstuffs, or livestock from area around present-day Kameng district and Tawang district . The Monpas ( Tibetan : མོན་པ ) ་known to
3650-470: The same problem rose before them. This time, it was decided that they will do the collection. They reached the Bodo land and collected the tax as before, the various items were placed in front of them but they could not find thread in there as before so they asked the villagers for it, but the people there could not understand them. The princes could not understand what to do. Therefore, one of the brothers took out his swords and began making patterns on earth for
3723-441: The sky. In the king's rule, taxes were collected from various areas including some parts of Bodo area in the present Darrang District of Assam namely Mishamari , Udalguri , and Mazbat . After many generations in the same lineage once there remained two brother, Nyila and Yonpu. When the two princes took over the throne as the tradition has to continue, they faced a severe difficulty. They did not know Bodo language. Therefore, it
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#17327654912263796-628: The soul of Cha-Cha-Nye was finally calmed. The statues are still present in Kuli-bong-khai village in Mazbat town in Assam but any member of the Bapu clan is forbidden to see them. It is said that the member who defies this myth will face a very painful fate. Back in Thembang, after the death of Nyila and Yonpu, the people needed royal blood as their ruler, so, they stole the fourth and youngest son of
3869-589: The state in Sanskrit . The People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Republic of China (ROC) claim the land as South Tibet ( Chinese : 藏南 pinyin : Zàngnán ). Very little ancient history is known about the region apart from the Northwestern corner, and the areas bordering current Assam . The Northern regions came under Monpa and Tibetan control. Northwestern parts of this area came under
3942-470: The state which has been named as the Mishmi Hills hoolock gibbon ( H. h. mishmiensis ). Three new giant flying squirrels were also described from the state during the last one and half-decade. These were, Mechuka giant flying squirrel , Mishmi Hills giant flying squirrel , and Mebo giant flying squirrel . Arunachal Pradesh comprises three divisions, namely, Central, East and West, each headed by
4015-1179: The state, including the Himalayan foothills and the Patkai hills, are home to Eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests . Toward the northern border with Tibet, with increasing elevation, come a mixture of Eastern and Northeastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests followed by Eastern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows and ultimately rock and ice on the highest peaks. It supports many medicinal plants and within Ziro valley of Lower Subansiri district 158 medicinal plants are being used by its inhabitants. The mountain slopes and hills are covered with alpine, temperate, and subtropical forests of dwarf rhododendron , oak , pine , maple and fir . The state has Mouling and Namdapha national parks. The major animal species are tiger , leopard , snow leopard , Asian elephant , sambar deer , chital deer , barking deer , sloth bear , mithun ( Bos frontalis ), gaur , dhole , giant squirrel , marbled cat , leopard cat . A new subspecies of hoolock gibbon has been described from
4088-469: The state. Arunachal's forests account for one-third of habitat area within the Himalayan biodiversity hot-spot. In 2013, 31,273 km (12,075 sq mi) of Arunachal's forests were identified as part of a vast area of continuous forests (65,730 km or 25,380 sq mi, including forests in Myanmar, China and Bhutan) known as Intact forest landscapes . There are three tiger reserves in
4161-568: The state: a reserve in Namdapha National Park , Mouling National Park and Pakke Tiger Reserve . In the year 2000, Arunachal Pradesh was covered with 63,093 km (24,360 sq mi) of tree cover (77% of its land area). It harbours over 5,000 plants, about 85 terrestrial mammals, over 500 birds and many butterflies, insects and reptiles. At the lowest elevations, essentially at Arunachal Pradesh's border with Assam , are Brahmaputra Valley semi-evergreen forests . Much of
4234-401: The statues to take a break, they would come back to find their half-done statues completely damaged, thus, starting it all over again. If they came the next day, the construction materials went missing. Therefore, one day they told a girl with a baby to look after the statues when they were away. When they left, the girl saw two white pigeons come from the sky and completed the statues. Baffled,
4307-417: The termination of barter trade with Tibet, although since 2007 the Indian government has shown signs of wanting to resume barter trade. The Indian government under the leadership of Indira Gandhi, The North-East Frontier Agency was renamed Arunachal Pradesh by Bibhabasu Das Shastri, Daya Krishna Goswami and O. P. Upadhya on 20 January 1972, and it became a union territory . Later on Arunachal Pradesh became
4380-592: The time that China did not exercise power in Tibet, the line had no serious challenges. In 1935, a Deputy Secretary in the Foreign Department, Olaf Caroe , "discovered" that the McMahon Line was not drawn on official maps. The Survey of India published a map showing the McMahon Line as the official boundary in 1937. In 1938, two decades after the Simla Conference, the British finally published
4453-495: The village was settled in Sat-Tsi river valley situated behind the present location about 10 km away. Because of an epidemic, nearly 90-nine percent of the villagers died and then the closing villagers moved to the existing vicinity, that is at the altitude of 2300 above MSL. It was said that Thembang was ruled by an extremely powerful king by name Cha-Cha-Nye, who according to the legend believed to have descended from up above
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#17327654912264526-621: The village. There is a renovated Gonpa (Buddhist Temple) on the hill top of the village where traditional wood carvings, manuscripts have been carefully preserved. Villagers still practice their traditional lifestyle which has little influences of diverse cultures such as the Bhutanese, the Tibetans and the indigenous North-East Indian culture that includes their social structure and practices, rites, rituals and their vernacular building knowledge systems. Villagers do their traditional farming which
4599-403: The volume of water. Mountains until the Siang river are classified as the Eastern Himalayas. Those between the Siang and Noa Dihing are classified as the Mishmi Hills that may be part of the Hengduan Mountains . Mountains south of the Noa Dihing in Tirap and Longding districts are part of the Patkai Range. The climate of Arunachal Pradesh varies with elevation. The low-altitude areas have
4672-533: The west, Tani people in the centre, Mishmi and Tai people in the east, and Naga people in the southeast of the state. About 23 major tribes and 100 sub-tribes live in the state, including Nocte , Adi , Nyishi , Singpho , Galo , Tagin , Apatani . The Nyishi are the largest ethnic group in the region. The Mishmi tribe has three sub-tribes, namely Idu-Mishmi, Digaru-Mishmi and Miju-Mishmi. The residents of eastern Arunachal Pradesh and some parts of Tibet in ancient Tibetan text were called Lhobha people and
4745-467: Was able to lift as much weight as 18 people would. The king of Darrang was very impressed, and out of honor, he named him ‘Bapu' which could be 'Babu' of the official language of Darrang. After that, all descendants of him are called Bapu. His territory was from Grangthang Chhujub which starts from present Sela Past to Bood-Jerigaon from where he used to collect tax every year apart from the some part of land in Bodo area of Assam. In Thembang, an immense fort
4818-432: Was actually part of Tibet". In January 2007, the Dalai Lama said that both Britain and Tibet had recognised the McMahon Line in 1914. In 2008, he said that Arunachal Pradesh was a part of India under the agreement signed by Tibetan and British representatives. According to the Dalai Lama, "In 1962 during the India-China war, the People's Liberation Army (PLA) occupied all these areas (Arunachal Pradesh) but they announced
4891-526: Was born in Tawang and died in Amdo (present-day China) on his way to Beijing after being kidnapped by the Mongol forces under Lha-bzang Khan , the last ruler of Khoshut Khanate on the approval of Kangxi Emperor of the Qing dynasty . Before his death the 6th Dalai Lama instructed the construction of notable buildings like Tromzikhang in Barkhor , Lhasa . Arunachal Pradesh falls under Kham ( Tibetan : ཁམས་ ) and Ü-Tsang ( Tibetan : དབུས་གཙང་ ) cultural region of Tibet which also includes
4964-405: Was built following traditional architecture by the villagers of Bhud, Khawna, Rahung, and Khotam who were under the sovereignty of Bapus of Thembang during that time. Two gates were built on North and on South, the former were used for entry and the latter were used for exit. When the dawn came about, there was loud shouting to the people to get inside the fort gates after which they were closed. This
5037-444: Was decided that their uncle would do the tax collection work for them. Everything was going well but good time does not last forever. Some enemy of their uncle manipulated them into believing them that their uncle is not honest in his work. Even though they believed in their uncle's honesty, they got fooled and killed their uncle. Confused and angered, the uncle said that they will die in doubt as well just like him. The next year came and
5110-682: Was denied by India's Minister of State for Home Affairs , Kiren Rijiju . In April 2017, China strongly objected to a visit to Tawang by the Dalai Lama, as it had to an earlier visit by the US ambassador to India. China had objected to the Dalai Lama's previous visits to the area. In 2024, The New York Times reported that, according to satellite imagery , China had constructed villages along and inside of disputed territory within Arunachal Pradesh. Chinese individuals, called "border guardians", received annual subsidies to relocate to newly built villages and paid to conduct border patrols. Arunachal Pradesh has faced threats from insurgent groups, notably
5183-417: Was for the protection of the people. Every evening, loud shout warnings were given near these gates after which they were closed. Large stone slabs were kept on top of the wall of the fort which would fall on any intruder who would try to climb it up. During night time, the young warriors equipped with swords, spears, bows and arrows used to guard the entire fort. Many wars were fought in Thembang, but one of
5256-506: Was reconstructed after the end of war. One can still find the war bunkers constructed by the Indian Armed forces around the village. A war memorial to commemorate the soldiers who died in the war has been recently constructed near the village. During another time, a fire spread out inside the fort in which most of the houses were burnt down and many things were also burnt as a result some villagers have decided to construct house outside
5329-605: Was that Tibet was not independent from China and could not sign treaties, so the Accord was invalid, like the Anglo-Chinese (1906) and Anglo-Russian (1907) conventions. British records show that the condition for the Tibetan government to accept the new border was that China must accept the Simla Convention. As Britain was not able to get an acceptance from China, Tibetans considered the McMahon line invalid. In
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