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39-639: The Argentine Monte is in north-central Argentina, and has an area of 354,192 square kilometres (136,800 sq mi). It is to the east of the Andes and extends from Salta Province in the north to Chubut Province in the south. It extends from the eastern foothills of the Andes to the Atlantic Ocean . The ecoregion merges into the Patagonian steppe in the south and southwest. The Dry Chaco lies to

78-551: A thick jungle that extends in a narrow strip along these ranges, creating an area of great species diversity. At higher altitudes on these slopes, the climate is cooler and more humid, with the vegetation consisting of deciduous and pine trees. Between the high altitudes to the west and the low plains to the east lie the valleys. The climate of these valleys is either humid subtropical with dry winters ( Köppen Cwa ) or subtropical highland ( Cwb ), favouring human settlement and agricultural activities. Mean annual precipitation

117-472: A few Sefardim families. The province is governed as representative and republican form of government. The provincial government is divided into three branches: the executive, headed by a popularly elected governor, who appoints the cabinet; the legislative ; and the judiciary , headed by the Supreme Court. The Constitution of Salta Province forms the formal law of the province. In Argentina,

156-603: A significant role in Salta, adding 20% to the economy. Gas and petroleum from the Tartagal , Aguas Blancas , Madrejones and Campo Durán centres is transported to Buenos Aires and Rosario by pipes. There is also an oil refinery located at Campo Durán. Mining includes uranium at Iruya , La Poma and San Carlos ; and silver at the Diablillos mine . Agriculture and its derived industries are still an important activity in

195-1619: A succulent herbaceous plant in the Halophytaceae. Common mammals include screaming hairy armadillo ( Chaetophractus vellerosus ), pink fairy armadillo ( Chlamyphorus truncatus ), cougar ( Puma concolor ), South American gray fox ( Lycalopex griseus ), Patagonian weasel ( Lyncodon patagonicus ), guanaco ( Lama guanicoe ), and southern mountain cavy ( Microcavia australis ). Vulnerable or endangered mammals include plains viscacha rat ( Tympanoctomys barrerae ), pink fairy armadillo ( Chlamyphorus truncatus ), strong tuco-tuco ( Ctenomys validus ), viscacha rat ( Octomys mimax ), Roig's pericote ( Andalgalomys roigi ), delicate salt flat mouse ( Salinomys delicatus ) and Patagonian mara ( Dolichotis patagonum ). Endangered mammals include southern river otter ( Lontra provocax ). Birds include elegant crested tinamou ( Eudromia elegans ), cinnamon warbling finch ( Poospiza ornata ), Darwin's nothura ( Nothura darwinii ) and burrowing parrot ( Cyanoliseus patagonus ). Threatened birds are peregrine falcon ( Falco peregrinus ) and Chaco eagle ( Buteogallus coronatus ). Endangered birds include yellow cardinal ( Gubernatrix cristata ) and Eskimo curlew (Numenius borealis). The Guanacache, Desaguadero y Bebedero system has rich biodiversity and supports more than 50 species of waterbirds. These include maguari stork ( Ciconia maguari ), southern screamer ( Chauna torquata ), white-faced ibis ( Plegadis chihi ), Chilean flamingo ( Phoenicopterus chilensis ) and dabbling ducks of

234-620: Is "BSk": arid, steppe, cold arid. Annual precipitation is 80 to 250 millimetres (3.1 to 9.8 in). In the north and central regions there is more rain in summer. In the colder south the monthly rainfall is more evenly distributed. At a sample location at coordinates 38°15′S 67°15′W  /  38.25°S 67.25°W  / -38.25; -67.25 the mean temperature ranges from 6.3 °C (43.3 °F) in July to 23.1 °C (73.6 °F) in January. The yearly average mean temperature

273-565: Is 15 °C (59 °F). Annual precipitation is about 175 millimetres (6.9 in). Monthly precipitation ranges from 5.4 millimetres (0.21 in) in July to 25.7 millimetres (1.01 in) in October. The Argentine Monte is in the Neotropical realm , in the temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome. Flora are typically thorn scrub and dry grassland, with relatively low plant diversity. There are thin gallery forests along

312-471: Is a blooming shrub native to the sage scrub community and desert southwest of the United States and northern Mexico , as well as parts of South America . Its usual common name is mule fat ; it is also called seepwillow or water-wally . This is a large bush with sticky foliage which bears plentiful small, fuzzy, pink, or red-tinged white flowers which are highly attractive to butterflies. It

351-606: Is a host plant for the larval stage of the fatal metalmark butterfly, and the adult stage also nectars on the flowers. The long pointed leaves may be toothed and contain three lengthwise veins. It is most common near water sources. The seed is wind-distributed. Another use is fire starting. Dried Baccharis salicifolia has a very low ignition temperature, very similar to the dried yucca stalk. It can be used for spindles and hand-drill shafts. Mulefat plays host to several gall-inducing insect species including Aceria baccharices . This Medicinal plants -related article

390-464: Is around 1,000 mm (39 in), most of it during summer. Mean temperatures exceed 20 °C (68.0 °F) during the summer, while during winter, they are below 14 °C (57.2 °F). Further west, the Altiplano is a plateau at 3,000 to 4,000 metres (9,800 to 13,100 ft) above sea level. This region has a cool semi-arid climate ( Köppen BSk ): high temperatures vary little (since

429-574: Is both an important tourist destination, and the centre point for visiting the rest of the province. The city holds different attractions; among them are its colonial houses and cathedral, and the Museo de Arqueología de Alta Montaña de Salta that holds the three frozen Inca mummies found at the Llullaillaco volcano and known as the Children of Llullaillaco . The Tren a las Nubes ("Train to

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468-478: The Chaco region . The first conquistador to venture into the area was Diego de Almagro in 1535; he was followed by Diego de Rojas. Hernando de Lerma founded San Felipe de Lerma in 1582, following orders of the viceroy Francisco de Toledo, Count of Oropesa ; the name of the city was soon changed to "San Felipe de Salta". By 1650, the city had around five hundred inhabitants. An intendency of "Salta del Tucumán"

507-592: The Guaraní (13.7%). As well, only 4,189 persons declared themselves to be Afro-Argentine . The province hosts a diverse foreign community: Christian Levantines of Syrian - Lebanese origin, Spaniards and Italians make up the largest groups. A small Ukrainian community has been there since the collapse of the Soviet Union and an Indian Sikh community has been living in Rosario de la Frontera since

546-601: The Viceroyalty of Peru as late as 1826. Gervasio de Posadas created the province of Salta in 1814, containing the current provinces of Salta, Jujuy , and parts of southern Bolivia and northern Chile . Exploiting internal Argentine conflicts that arose after the Argentine Declaration of Independence , Bolivia annexed Tarija in 1826. In 1834, Jujuy withdrew from Salta and became a separate province. The borders of Salta were further reduced in 1900, with

585-536: The Yungas jungle, Baritú National Park and Los Cardones National Park . Ethno-racial groups in Salta (2022 census) According to the results from the 2010 census [ INDEC ] , the province has a population of 1,214,441. It constitutes 3.0% of the total population in Argentina. This represented a 12.5% increase in the population compared to 2001 census [ INDEC ] which had 1,079,051 inhabitants. 6.5% of

624-1014: The 1940s. Other foreign people settled in the province are the Greek Cypriots , the Chinese , the Germans , the Francs , the Chileans , the Bolivians , the Paraguayans and the Slavs from the Adriatic (mainly Serbs and Croats ). The Jewish community has a synagogue and the Muslims have a mosque, both in Salta City. Salta's Jews are mostly of Ashkenazim origin, but there are also

663-672: The Clouds") crosses canyons and cliffs before arriving at the 3,775 metres altitude (12,500 feet) of San Antonio de los Cobres . The red-rock formations of the Valles Calchaquíes and the wine-town of Cafayate are the second most visited place in the province. Many visit the Cachi mountains and the villages (such as Payogasta ) around it. There are three national parks in Salta: El Rey National Park in

702-508: The ecoregion has been affected by erosion caused by deforestation and excessive grazing by sheep, goats and cattle. There is marked increase in desert areas, affecting the habitats of many native species. Many species are affected by fragmentation of their habitats. The Guanacache, Desaguadero y Bebedero system has been affected by various natural and man-made changes that have caused the area of lagoons and marshes to shrink significantly. Some efforts are being made to rehabilitate them. 5.37% of

741-546: The ecoregion is in protected areas. Protected areas in the Low Monte include: Protected areas in the High Monte include: Salta Province Salta ( Spanish pronunciation: [ˈsalta] ) is a province of Argentina , located in the northwest of the country. Neighboring provinces are from the east clockwise Formosa , Chaco , Santiago del Estero , Tucumán and Catamarca . It also surrounds Jujuy . To

780-439: The formation of clouds that generate copious amounts of rain. The eastern slopes of the mountains receive between 1,000 to 1,500 mm (39 to 59 in) of precipitation a year, although some places receive up to 2,500 mm (98 in) of precipitation annually owing to orographic precipitation . Most of the precipitation is concentrated in the summer, with winters being dry. The high rainfall on these first slopes creates

819-602: The genus Anas . It is also used by migratory birds such as plovers and sandpipers . Reptiles include Argentine red tegu ( Tupinambis rufescens ), false tomodon snake ( Pseudotomodon trigonatus ), Patagonian lancehead ( Bothrops ammodytoides ), boa constrictor ( Boa constrictor ), ringed hognose snake ( Lystrophis semicinctus ) and Chaco tortoise ( Chelonoidis chilensis ). Amphibians include Mendoza four-eyed frog ( Pleurodema nebulosum ). Endangered amphibians include La Rioja water frog ( Telmatobius schreiteri ) and Andalgala water frog ( Telmatobius scrocchii ). In

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858-646: The loss of Yacuiba to Bolivia. The National Government of Los Andes, constituted from the province in 1902 with a capital at San Antonio de los Cobres , was returned to Salta Province in 1943 as the Department of Los Andes . Antonio Alice 's painting, La muerte de Güemes , which received a gold medal at the Centenary Exposition, is on display at the offices of the Salta Provincial Government. The total land area of

897-710: The most important law enforcement organization is the Argentine Federal Police but the additional work is carried out by the Salta Provincial Police . The province is divided in 23 departments ( Spanish : departamentos ), containing 59 municipalities ( Spanish : municipios ). The capital of the province is the city of Salta, which is where the provincial government is located at. 24°47′S 65°25′W  /  24.783°S 65.417°W  / -24.783; -65.417 Baccharis salicifolia Baccharis salicifolia

936-495: The most important of them. The famous wines of the Valles Calchaquíes region (mainly Torrontés , Malbec and Cabernet Sauvignon ) near Cafayate are produced in numerous vineyards of diverse sizes. American breeds of cattle are raised only on the humid subtropical east, along with some sheep and goats . The Salta province is home to a number of natural, social and historic attractions. The provincial capital city, also named Salta and nicknamed "La Linda" ("The beautiful")

975-532: The most important wetland in the ecoregion, designated a Ramsar site . This is a long chain of lagoons and marshes covering 10,000 square kilometres (3,900 sq mi) fed by the Mendoza and San Juan rivers, which drains into the Desaguadero River . The lakes and streams are mostly seasonal or intermittent. The ecoregion is by far the driest part of Argentina. The Köppen climate classification

1014-457: The north cacti of the genera Echinopsis and Cereus and bromeliads of the genera Dyckia , Deuterocohnia and Tillandsia are more common. Herbaceous plants appear after rain showers, including Portulaca grandiflora , irises, lilies and grasses. On the river edges or where there is underground water there are gallery forests of Prosopis species. Larrea cuneifolia is found in hot and dry areas, Larrea divaricata along

1053-671: The north it borders Bolivia and Paraguay and to the west lies Chile . Before the Spanish conquest , numerous native peoples (now called Diaguitas and Calchaquíes ) lived in the valleys of what is now Salta Province; they formed many different tribes, the Quilmes and Humahuacas among them, which all shared the Cacán language. The Atacamas lived in the Puna , and the Wichís (Matacos), in

1092-814: The northeast, and the Espinal is to the east. In the northwest it borders the High Monte . Some consider the High Monte a separate ecoregion, while others consider it a part of the Argentine Monte. Elevations range from sea level on the Atlantic coast to 2,800 metres (9,200 ft). The region contains parts of the watersheds of the Rio Negro and Rio Colorado . The Lagunas de Guanacache, Desaguadero y del Bebedero in Mendoza Province form

1131-572: The northern region about 10% of insect genera and 35% of insect species are endemic. The World Wildlife Fund gives the ecoregion the status of "Vulnerable". The region has mostly been settled by people only in oases or areas near rivers where irrigation-based agriculture is possible. This process began in the late 19th century and continues today. The habitat in the settled areas has been greatly changed, with trees cleared for use as fuel and lumber and to make way for agriculture and mineral exploitation. 580,000 square kilometres (220,000 sq mi) of

1170-503: The population or 79,204 persons declared themselves as having Indigenous background , making it one of the provinces that has a high percentage of indigenous people, being ranked 5th behind Chubut , Neuquén , Jujuy and Río Negro . The most populous indigenous groups in the province are the Wichí , which make up 24.9% of the total indigenous population followed by the Kolla (21.6%), and

1209-470: The province have a hot semi-arid climate ( Köppen BSh ) with a rainy season in the summer. The mean annual temperature and precipitation are 20 °C (68.0 °F) and 500 millimetres (19.7 in). Temperatures can reach up to 47 °C or 116.6 °F during summer, while they can fall down to −5 °C or 23 °F during winter. The first slopes of the Andes force the moist, easterly winds to rise, provoking very high condensation leading to

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1248-599: The province is 155,488 km (60,034 sq mi), making it the sixth largest province by area in Argentina. The main rivers of the province are the Pilcomayo , Bermejo , and the Juramento, which later becomes the Salado River . Salta Province is located at a geologically active region, and suffers from occasional earthquakes . There have been four earthquakes of note in the province: The 1692 earthquake

1287-460: The province, adding over 10% to output. Tobacco , sugar cane and viticulture are the most important and produce most of the exports from the area. Other crops mostly for local consumption are maize , beans , citrus , bananas , and tomatoes . The sugar cane is processed in plants in Salta before it is sent to the rest of Argentina and other countries. The plant in San Martín de Tabacal is

1326-418: The rivers. There are areas of cactus scrub, xerophilous open woodland, and vegetation adapted to rocky, sandy and salty conditions. In some areas the scrub is very open. The steppe contains resinous evergreen bushes, mainly from the family Zygophyllaceae and the genera Larrea , Bulnesia and Plectocarpa . Other species are Monttea aphylla , Bougainvillea spinosa and Prosopis species. In

1365-551: The streams and Larrea nitida in cooler areas and mountain slopes. Other plants found in different conditions include Baccharis salicifolia , Tessaria dodonaefolia , Suaeda divaricata and Allenrolfea vaginata . Several endemic species have evolved in isolation since the Oligocene such as Ramorinoa girolae and Gomphrena colosacana , found in the Sierra de las Quijadas National Park , and Halophytum ameghinoi ,

1404-465: The warmer season is cloudy, and the cooler sunny), ranging from 14 to 21 °C or 57.2 to 69.8 °F; night temperatures go from 6 °C or 42.8 °F in midsummer, to −8 °C or 17.6 °F in midwinter, and extremes under −15 °C or 5 °F might be recorded. All rain falls exclusively in the summer, with annual totals between 200 and 400 millimetres or 8 and 16 inches. Several salt flats exist in this area. The highest altitudes found in

1443-481: The western parts of the province have a cool arid climate ( Köppen BWk ), with large diurnal ranges (temperature range between day and night). Salta's economy is relatively underdeveloped, yet diverse. Its economy in 2006 was estimated at US$ 5.141 billion or, US$ 4,764 per capita, 45% below the national average. In 2012, its economy was estimated at $ 30.613 billion pesos (about US$ 6.743 billion) or $ 23,971 pesos (about US$ 5,280) per capita. Manufacturing plays

1482-511: Was created within the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata . In 1774, San Ramón de La Nueva Orán was founded between Salta and Tarija (Tarija was added to the intendency later, in 1807). In 1783, in recognition of the growing importance of the city, the capital of the intendency of Salta del Tucumán was moved from San Miguel de Tucumán to Salta. The battle of Salta in 1813 freed the territory from Spain , but occasional attacks were mounted from

1521-466: Was the inspiration for Salta's annual citywide festival, held on 16 September, in honor of El Señor y la Virgen del Milagro. Although Salta Province is located near the Tropic of Capricorn , it has a wide range of climates due to variation in altitude and the influence of orography. The orientation of the Andes influences the distribution of precipitation within the province. The easternmost parts of

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