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34-597: 57°05′49″N 2°13′34″W  /  57.097°N 2.226°W  / 57.097; -2.226 Lower Deeside is a region along the River Dee in Aberdeenshire and Aberdeen in Scotland . The boundaries of this area are subject to interpretation, since the usage has altered through historic times; however, the area is generally associated with the communities of Durris , Maryculter and Banchory-Devenick in

68-657: A pyramidal peak is created. In some cases, this peak will be made accessible by one or more arêtes. The Matterhorn in the European Alps is an example of such a peak. Where cirques form one behind the other, a cirque stairway results, as at the Zastler Loch in the Black Forest . As glaciers can only originate above the snowline, studying the location of present-day cirques provides information on past glaciation patterns and on climate change. Although

102-577: A larger leeward deposition zone, furthering the process of glaciation. Debris (or till) in the ice also may abrade the bed surface; should ice move down a slope it would have a 'sandpaper effect' on the bedrock beneath, on which it scrapes. Eventually, the hollow may become a large bowl shape in the side of the mountain, with the headwall being weathered by ice segregation, and as well as being eroded by plucking . The basin will become deeper as it continues to be eroded by ice segregation and abrasion. Should ice segregation, plucking and abrasion continue,

136-491: A less common usage, the term cirque is also used for amphitheatre-shaped, fluvial-erosion features. For example, an approximately 200 square kilometres (77 sq mi) anticlinal erosion cirque is at 30°35′N 34°45′E  /  30.583°N 34.750°E  / 30.583; 34.750  ( Negev anticlinal erosion cirque ) on the southern boundary of the Negev highlands . This erosional cirque or makhtesh

170-412: A mountainside near the firn line , they are typically partially surrounded on three sides by steep cliffs . The highest cliff is often called a headwall . The fourth side forms the lip , threshold or sill , the side at which the glacier flowed away from the cirque. Many glacial cirques contain tarns dammed by either till (debris) or a bedrock threshold. When enough snow accumulates, it can flow out

204-546: Is an old fishing village at the east end of Aberdeen Harbour. The Dee is important for nature conservation and the area has many designated sites. The upper catchment down to Inverey is within the Mar Lodge Estate , which is owned by the National Trust for Scotland and has been classified as a national nature reserve since May 2017. The Cairngorms National Park which was established in 2003 covers

238-440: Is formed by intermittent river flow cutting through layers of limestone and chalk leaving sheer cliffs. A common feature for all fluvial -erosion cirques is a terrain which includes erosion resistant upper structures overlying materials which are more easily eroded. Glacial cirques are found amongst mountain ranges throughout the world; 'classic' cirques are typically about one kilometer long and one kilometer wide. Situated high on

272-581: Is just above Bridge of Dee which was built about 1720; it carries the main A90 trunk road from Aberdeen to the south. Before reaching the North Sea, the river passes through Aberdeen Harbour , the principal marine centre for the energy industry in Europe, servicing the offshore oil and gas industry . An artificial channel was constructed in 1872 to straighten the river's flow into the sea. Footdee ("Fittie")

306-479: Is most often overdeepened below the level of the cirque's low-side outlet (stage) and its down-slope (backstage) valley. If the cirque is subject to seasonal melting, the floor of the cirque most often forms a tarn (small lake) behind a dam, which marks the downstream limit of the glacial overdeepening. The dam itself can be composed of moraine , glacial till , or a lip of the underlying bedrock . The fluvial cirque or makhtesh , found in karst landscapes,

340-416: Is open on the downhill side, while the cupped section is generally steep. Cliff-like slopes, down which ice and glaciated debris combine and converge, form the three or more higher sides. The floor of the cirque ends up bowl-shaped, as it is the complex convergence zone of combining ice flows from multiple directions and their accompanying rock burdens. Hence, it experiences somewhat greater erosion forces and

374-633: Is part of the Cairngorms National Park , and the Deeside and Lochnagar National Scenic Area . The Dee is popular with anglers and is one of the most famous salmon fishing rivers in the world. The New Statistical Account of Scotland attributed the name Dee as having been used as early as the second century AD in the work of the Alexandrian geographer Claudius Ptolemy , as Δηοῦα (=Deva), meaning 'goddess'. This indicated

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408-546: The Braemar Highland Gathering and other local events. Birkhall which was previously owned by Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother , is now a favourite retreat of King Charles . Due to these royal connections, the area around Braemar and Ballater is sometimes referred to "Royal Deeside", and this usage has been encouraged by the tourist trade. Cirque The concave shape of a glacial cirque

442-679: The Burn of Muchalls . That march used the Elsick Mounth , one of the ancient trackways crossing the Grampian Mountains . This Aberdeenshire location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . River Dee, Aberdeenshire The River Dee ( Scottish Gaelic : Uisge Dhè ) is a river in Aberdeenshire , Scotland . It rises in the Cairngorms and flows through southern Aberdeenshire to reach

476-460: The Great North of Scotland Railway . The line opened from Aberdeen to Banchory in 1853, was extended to Aboyne in 1859, and a further extension to Ballater was opened in 1866. The line was not extended beyond Ballater to Braemar as this would require it to run close to Balmoral, leading to objections from Queen Victoria. The Royal Family used Ballater Station when visiting Balmoral. After

510-504: The North Sea at Aberdeen . The area it passes through is known as Deeside , or Royal Deeside in the region between Braemar and Banchory because Queen Victoria came for a visit there in 1848 and greatly enjoyed herself. She and her husband, Prince Albert, built Balmoral Castle there which replaced an older castle. Deeside is a popular area for tourists, due to the combination of its scenery and historic royal associations. It

544-622: The Chest of Dee on its way to White Bridge and the confluence with the Geldie Burn, at which point it turns east. At Linn of Dee the river passes east through a 300-metre natural rock gorge , a spot much favoured by Queen Victoria during her stays at Balmoral . The queen opened the bridge which spans the Dee at this point in 1857. Between Linn of Dee and Braemar the Lui Water (formed by

578-635: The Dee as far as Linn of Dee, at which point it doubles back to terminate at Linn of Quioch on the north bank of the Dee. There are no paved roads into the Cairngorms beyond Linn of Dee, although two walking routes, the Lairig Ghru and the Lairig an Laoigh , continue via passes in the mountains to reach Speyside . Until 1966 the Deeside Railway ran from Aberdeen to Ballater, operated by

612-672: The Geldie down to Ballater . The entire length of the Dee is defined as a Special Area of Conservation (SAC) due to its importance to salmon , otters and freshwater pearl mussels . Other SACs within the Deeside area include Glen Tanar , the Muir of Dinnet , Ballochbuie, and the Morrone Birkwood . The southern side of Deeside is classified as a Special Protection Area , due to the area's importance to golden eagles . Much of

646-577: The Luibeg and Derry burns) and the Quoich Water join the growing River Dee. The River Clunie enters the Dee at Braemar. Evidence of human activity stretching as far back as c.  8,200 BC has been found at a complex of sites stretching along the banks of the Dee. Through Deeside the river passes Braemar , Balmoral Castle , Ballater , Dinnet , Aboyne , and Banchory reaching the sea at Aberdeen . Near Ballater two rivers are tributaries:

680-586: The River Gairn flowing from the north and the River Muick which flows out of Loch Muick , from the south. The river is within the Cairngorms National Park until it reaches Dinnet. The Water of Tanar flows through Glen Tanar before joining at Aboyne . The Water of Feugh has its confluence with the Dee near the Falls of Feugh at Banchory and Coy Burn enters at Milton of Crathes . The tidal limit

714-451: The bergschrund changes very little, however, studies have shown that ice segregation (frost shattering) may happen with only small changes in temperature. Water that flows into the bergschrund can be cooled to freezing temperatures by the surrounding ice, allowing freeze-thaw free mechanisms to occur. If two adjacent cirques erode toward one another, an arête , or steep sided ridge, forms. When three or more cirques erode toward one another,

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748-406: The dimensions of the cirque will increase, but the proportion of the landform would remain roughly the same. A bergschrund forms when the movement of the glacier separates the moving ice from the stationary ice, forming a crevasse. The method of erosion of the headwall lying between the surface of the glacier and the cirque's floor has been attributed to freeze-thaw mechanisms. The temperature within

782-684: The highest source of any major river in the British Isles . Emerging in a number of pools called the Wells of Dee the young Dee then flows across the plateau to the cliff edge from where the Falls of Dee plunge into An Garbh Choire ("burn of the rough corrie " ). The river is then joined by a tributary coming from the Pools of Dee in the Lairig Ghru , and flows south down the Lairig Ghru between Ben Macdui and Cairn Toul , tumbling over falls in

816-573: The historic district of Kincardineshire and the communities of Peterculter , Milltimber , Bieldside and Cults in Aberdeen. Prehistoric habitation of the Lower Deeside is known through archaeological sites such as Balbridie . Roman legions marched from Raedykes to Normandykes , marching through what is now termed the Lower Deeside, as they sought higher ground evading the bogs of Red Moss and other low-lying mosses associated with

850-624: The line closed, the station was converted into a rail museum. It was destroyed by fire in 2015 and has since been restored, now providing a tourist information centre, restaurant, tearoom and public library. A very short section of the line near Milton of Crathes has been restored as a heritage railway , named the Royal Deeside Railway . Since the reign of Queen Victoria the British Royal Family have spent their summers at Balmoral Castle . Each year they attend

884-654: The north bank of the river from Aberdeen to Braemar before it turns south, leaving Deeside, to climb to the Glenshee Ski Centre at Cairnwell Pass and then onwards to Perth . Just west of Ballater the A939 Lecht Road leaves the A93 to take a tortuous climb towards the Lecht Ski Centre then on to Tomintoul and eventually Nairn . Beyond Braemar a narrow road continues along the south side of

918-536: The opening of the bowl and form valley glaciers which may be several kilometers long. Cirques form in conditions which are favorable; in the Northern Hemisphere the conditions include the north-east slope, where they are protected from the majority of the Sun's energy and from the prevailing winds. These areas are sheltered from heat, encouraging the accumulation of snow; if the accumulation of snow increases,

952-654: The river had divine status in the beliefs of the ancient inhabitants of the area. There are several other rivers with the same name in Great Britain , and they are believed to have similar derivations, as may the Dee's near neighbour to the north which is the River Don . The River Dee rises from a spring on the Braeriach plateau in the Cairngorm Mountains at a height of at about 1,220 m,

986-489: The semi-natural Caledonian pine forest in Scotland is within the Dee catchment. The area contains nationally rare examples of pine woods, birch woods and heather moors with associated wildlife. On the valley floor there are deciduous alder and mixed broadleaved woods as well as meadow grasslands. The Dee is a popular salmon river and has a succession of varied pools which are intersected by sharp rapids . In 1995 it

1020-472: The snow turns into glacial ice. The process of nivation follows, whereby a hollow in a slope may be enlarged by ice segregation weathering and glacial erosion. Ice segregation erodes the vertical rock face and causes it to disintegrate, which may result in an avalanche bringing down more snow and rock to add to the growing glacier. Eventually, this hollow may become large enough that glacial erosion intensifies. The enlarging of this open ended concavity creates

1054-475: The tallest volcanic structure in the Indian Ocean . The island consists of an active shield-volcano ( Piton de la Fournaise ) and an extinct, deeply eroded volcano ( Piton des Neiges ). Three cirques have eroded there in a sequence of agglomerated, fragmented rock and volcanic breccia associated with pillow lavas overlain by more coherent, solid lavas. A common feature for all fluvial-erosion cirques

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1088-484: The whole of the catchment of the Dee, including the tributaries, down to as far as Dinnet. As well as being included as part of the Cairngorms National Park , the Deeside area along with the mountains surrounding Lochnagar as far south as the head of Glen Doll is classified as the Deeside and Lochnagar National Scenic Area . It is one of 40 areas in Scotland designated as a scenic area. The Deeside and Lochnagar National Scenic Area covers 40,000 ha , extending from

1122-560: Was estimated that salmon fishing on the river contributed between £5 and £6 million a year to the Grampian Region economy. In 2020 it was estimated that salmon fishing contributed £15 million a year to the local economy and the River Dee reporting 10% of Scottish salmon catches. The River Dee operates a catch and release practise and all salmon which are caught must be released back to the river. The A93 road runs west along

1156-603: Was formed by intermittent river flow in the Makhtesh Ramon cutting through layers of limestone and chalk, resulting in cirque walls with a sheer 200 metres (660 ft) drop. The Cirque du Bout du Monde is another such feature, created in karst terraine in the Burgundy region of the department of Côte-d'Or in France . Yet another type of fluvial erosion-formed cirque is found on Réunion island , which includes

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