Lower Svir Hydroelectric Station ( Russian : Нижнесвирская ГЭС ) is a hydroelectric station on the Svir River located in the urban-type settlement of Svirstroy , Leningrad Oblast , in northwestern Russia . It was open on December 19, 1933 and has the total power of 99 MW. It is operated by the TGC-1 power company.
17-663: Svir is a part of the Volga–Baltic Waterway , connecting the basins of the Volga and the Neva Rivers, with heavy cargo and cruise traffic. To accommodate the waterway, a lock was built to bypass the dam of the power station. The construction started in 1927 and was coordinated by Genrikh Graftio , who had been responsible for the construction of the Volkhov Hydroelectric Station . The construction
34-507: A means of river transport for Saint Petersburg on the Baltic with the Russian hinterland. These would shift heavy loads in all but the depths of winter. The prototype (via) Vyshny Volochyok canal completed by 1709, provided a connection of Saint Petersburg to Lake Ladoga . The name of that town means "upper portage". However, the weather on the lake frequently wrecked the barges leading to
51-595: Is a river in Vytegorsky District of Vologda Oblast in Russia . It nominally flows out of Lake Matkozero and is a tributary of Lake Onega . It is 64-kilometer (40 mi) long, and the area of its basin 1,670 square kilometers (640 sq mi). The principal tributary is the Tagazhma (left). The river is a part of the Volga–Baltic Waterway . When the canal was under construction, Lake Matkozero
68-913: The Mariinsk Canal System ([Мариинская водная система] Error: {{Lang}}: invalid parameter: |translit= ( help ) ), is a series of canals and rivers in Russia which link the Volga with the Baltic Sea via the Neva . Like the Volga–Don Canal , it connects the biggest lake on Earth, the Caspian Sea , to the World Ocean . Its overall length between Cherepovets and Lake Onega is 368 kilometres (229 mi). Originally constructed in
85-808: The Sheksna River . It then passed Lake Beloye (and Belozersky bypass canal ), Kovzha , its artificial Novomariinsky Canal , the Vytegra to pass through Lake Onega . To or from there vessels sailed through the Onega Canal , the Svir , the Ladoga Canal , and the Neva to or from the Gulf of Finland . In 1829, the Northern Dvina Canal was opened running to the north-east; it connects
102-790: The Lower Svir Hydroelectric Station and the Upper Svir Hydroelectric Station , located in Podporozhye , perform coordination and, in particular, jointly regulate the water level in the Svir. The station was named after Genrikh Graftio. Volga%E2%80%93Baltic Waterway 59°58′N 30°10′E / 59.967°N 30.167°E / 59.967; 30.167 The Volga–Baltic Waterway ([Волгобалт] Error: {{Lang}}: invalid parameter: |translit= ( help ) ), formerly known as
119-619: The Maritime Board ( Morskaya Kollegiya ) of the Russian government, 17.6 million tons of cargo were carried over the Volga–Baltic Waterway in 2004, close to its maximum capacity. The Lower Svir Lock was one of the two busiest locks on Russia's inland waterways (the other one was the Kochetov Lock on the lower Don River ). Vytegra River The Vytegra (Russian: Вытегра , IPA: [ˈvɨtʲɪɡrə] )
136-722: The ambitious project of the Ladoga Canals into the southern coast of the lake. Under Alexander I of Russia , the waterway through Vychny Volochyok was complemented by the Tikhvin canal system (1811) and the Mariinsk canal system (1810), the latter becoming by far the most popular of the three. The Mariinsk was an outstanding monument of early 19th-century hydrotechnics , which proved to be key to national economic prowess. The system started in Rybinsk and passed through much of
153-548: The early 19th century, the system was rebuilt for larger vessels in the 1960s, becoming a part of the Unified Deep Water System of European Russia . The original name "Mariinsky" is the credit to Empress Maria Feodorovna , the second wife of Emperor Paul I of Russia . After Peter the Great wrested the southern and southeastern shore of the Gulf of Finland from Sweden, it made for a great city to secure
170-461: The lower Sheksna (one of the Volga's tributaries) through Kubenskoye Lake to a canalised Northern Dvina , flowing into the White Sea . The system was further expanded: three more canals, Belozersky, Onezhsky, and Novoladozhsky, enabling smaller craft to bypass dangerous waters of the three big lakes (Beloye, Onega and Ladoga), were inaugurated towards the end of the century. Another connection
187-557: The new Volga–Baltic Waterway was opened on 5 June 1964. 39 old wooden locks were replaced with 7 new locks, and one parallel lock was built later in 1995. The locks' limiting dimensions are 210 m long, 17.6 m wide and 4.2 m deep, allowing passage of river-sea ships of up to 5000 tons displacement. Such ships were able to sail directly across the big lakes instead of using the bypass canals. Typical travel: Cherepovets to/from Saint Petersburg fell to 2.5–3 days, from 10–15. The modern route sometimes follows
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#1732776293445204-423: The route of the old Mariinsk system and sometimes diverges from it. Six of the canal's eight locks are along 35 km of the northern slope, descending 80 metres. Only 2 locks (which are parallel) are on the southern slope, for a rise of 13 metres, near Sheksna on the Sheksna River , 50 km upstream from Cherepovets . The canal route on the northern slope follows the Vytegra flooded riverbed. Thus
221-632: The summit pound of the canal between Pakhomovo locks on Vytegra and Sheksna Reservoir dam is 278 km. It comprises an artificial canal (40 km long), much of the Kovzha , Lake Beloye , and part of the Sheksna . The route of the southern slope follows the Shekshna , where it parallels the Rybinsk Reservoir . The canal is used for oil and lumber export and for tourism. According to
238-503: Was added in the 1930s, when the infamous White Sea – Baltic Canal was constructed by gulag prisoners at enormous human cost between Lake Onega and the White Sea . Since the 1990s the Volga–Baltic Waterway has grown as a tour boat route to sail and/or motor along or around the Golden Ring of Russia . In 2016, the core of Astravets Nuclear Power Plant , VVER-1200 , which was 330 tonnes, 13 meters high, and 4.5 meters in diameter,
255-522: Was complicated by the fact that the ground in the area is soft, and the dam was built with certain angle to the riverbed, so that the water pressure pushed it to the ground. The construction was completed in 1933. During World War II , the Svir separated Soviet (south) and Finnish (north) troops, and the dam was destroyed. It was restored after the war. The name of the station was originally the Svir Hydroelectric Station. Since 1955,
272-599: Was transferred to the plant via the Tsimlyansk Reservoir , the Volga–Don Canal , the Volga–Baltic Waterway, the Volkhov River and a special rail car . In Soviet times, the Mariinsk canal system was constantly improved. Two locks were built on the Svir River (in 1936 and 1952); 3 locks were built on the Sheksna River . Major improvement of the Volga–Baltic Waterway took place in 1960–1964, and
289-586: Was used to deposit the soil, and it does not exist anymore. The Vytegra is connected with the valley of the Kovzha by Novomariinsky Canal in the south. Close to the mouth, the Onega Canal branches off west to bypass Lake Onega and to connect the Vytegra with the Svir . Upstream of the town of Vytegra, the Vytegorsky Reservoir was filled. The whole river basin of the Vychegda is located in
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