The Wágluȟe Band is one of the seven bands of the Oglala Lakota . The Wágluȟe Band is also known as the Loafer Band.
63-538: The seven Bands of the Oglala Lakota are the Wágluȟe (Loafers), Ite Sica (Bad Face), Oyukpe (Broken Off), Wazaza (Shred Into Strips), Tapisleca (Split Liver), Payabaya (Shove Aside) and Kiyaksa (Little Wound). Old Chief Smoke was an Oglala Lakota head chief and one of the last great Shirt Wearers , a highly prestigious Lakota warrior society. The Smoke people were one of the most prominent Lakota families of
126-610: A U.S. Army Indian Scouts with the U.S. 4th Cavalry Regiment from Ft. Laramie, Wyoming , led Lakota delegations to Washington, D.C., their children attended the first class at the Carlisle Indian Industrial School in Carlisle, Pennsylvania and all joined with Buffalo Bill's Wild West . Red Shirt joined with the Wild West show, but his children never attended Carlisle Indian School. Red Cloud
189-664: A "Feejee Indian from Africa". The Esquivel Brothers from San Antonio. Wild West shows contained as many as 1,200 performers at one time (cowboys, scouts, Indians, military, Mexicans, and men from other heritages) and many animals, including buffalo and Texas Longhorns. Some of the recognizably famous men who took part in the show were Will Rogers , Tom Mix , Pawnee Bill , James Lawson, Bill Pickett , Jess Willard , Mexican Joe , Capt. Adam Bogardus , Buck Taylor, Harry Henry Brennan (father of modern bronc riding), Grover C. Brennan, Ralph and Nan Lohse, Antonio Esquibel, Capt. Waterman and his Trained Buffalo, and Johnny Baker. Johnny Baker
252-482: A large part of Wild West shows and attracted many spectators. One such performer was Annie Oakley , who first gained recognition as a sharpshooter when she defeated Frank Butler , a pro marksman at age 15, in a shooting exhibition. She became an attraction of Buffalo Bill's Wild West show for 16 years. Annie was billed in the show as "Miss Annie Oakley, the Peerless Lady Wing-Shot". Calamity Jane
315-594: A lot of action including wild animals, trick performances, and theatrical reenactments. All sorts of characters from the frontier were incorporated into the show's program. Shooting exhibitions were also in the lineup with extensive shooting displays and trick shots. Rodeo events, involving rough and dangerous activities performed by cowboys with different animals, also featured. It was the first and prototypical Wild West show, lasting until 1915, and featured theatrical reenactments of battle scenes, characteristic western scenes, and even hunts. In 1883, Buffalo Bill's Wild West
378-642: A parade on horseback. The parade was a major ordeal, an affair that involved huge public crowds and many performers, including the Congress of Rough Riders. Events included acts known as Bison Hunt, Train Robbery, Indian War Battle Reenactment, and the usual grand finale of the show, Attack on the Burning Cabin, in which Indians attacked a settler's cabin and were repulsed by Buffalo Bill, cowboys, and Mexicans. Also included were semi-historical scenes such as
441-484: A race between Lady Riders. Over time, various Wild West shows were developed. They included Bee Ho Gray's Wild West , Texas Jack's Wild West , Pawnee Bill's Wild West , Jones Bros.' Buffalo Ranch Wild West , Cummin's Indian Congress and Wild West Show and "Buckskin Joe" Hoyt. The 101 Ranch Wild West Show featuring African Americans such as Bill Pickett , the famous bulldogger and his brother Voter Hall who billed as
504-601: A settler perspective of the Battle of the Little Bighorn or the charge on San Juan Hill. The reenactment of the Battle of Little Bighorn also known as "Custer's Last Stand" featured Buck Taylor starring as General George Armstrong Custer . In this battle, Custer and all men under his direct command were killed. After Custer is dead, Buffalo Bill rides in, the hero, but he is too late. He avenges Custer by killing and scalping Yellow Hair (also called Yellowhand) which he called
567-710: A temporary suspension of Christian missions on the Pine Ridge Reservation. The council called for an investigation into the financial practices of the Dream Center Missionary, and the Jesus is King Mission was ejected from the reservation for spreading pamphlets that the tribe saw as hateful. The respected Oglala elder Left Heron once explained that before the coming of the White Buffalo Calf Woman , "the people ran around
630-690: A three-year training period at Cody's base in North Platte, Nebraska . During this time, he honed his skills in steer roping, lariat tricks, and the art of maintaining a firm grip on "anything that had four legs." His debut in the spotlight occurred at the age of thirteen, portraying a Pony Express rider. Merely a year later, the Show set off on a tour across Europe. Over the span of several years, Red Eagle became an integral member of Buffalo Bill’s Wild West Show, captivating audiences throughout his journey. Other familiar Native Americans names who performed in
693-914: A tour in 1904, performing in nearly every city large enough to support it. The 1905 tour began in April with a two-month run in Paris, after which the show traveled around France, performing mostly one-night stands, concluding in December. The final tour, in 1906, began in France on March 4 and quickly moved to Italy for two months. The show then traveled east, performing in Austria, the Balkans, Hungary, Romania, and Ukraine, before returning west to tour in Poland, Bohemia (later Czech Republic), Germany, and Belgium. By 1894
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#1732780953334756-463: A variety of crops; prepared the food; prepared game and fish; worked skins to make clothing and footwear, as well as storage bags, the covering of tipis, and other items. Women have historically controlled the food, resources and movable property, as well as owned the family's home. Typically, in the Oglala Lakota society, the men are in charge of the politics of the tribe. The men are usually
819-613: Is often flown as a generic Native American flag." The flag pictured is the original not the current OST Flag. Lame Deer - Medicine Man https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Fire_Lame_Deer Wild West shows Wild West shows were traveling vaudeville performances in the United States and Europe that existed around 1870–1920. The shows began as theatrical stage productions and evolved into open-air shows that depicted romanticized stereotypes of cowboys , Plains Indians , army scouts, outlaws, and wild animals that existed in
882-701: The American West and frontier life were becoming common. In 1869, author Ned Buntline wrote a novel about the buffalo hunter, U.S. Army scout, and guide William F. Buffalo Bill Cody called Buffalo Bill, the King of Border Men after the two met on a train from California to Nebraska. In December 1872, Buntline's novel turned into a theatrical production when The Scouts of the Prairie debuted in Chicago. The show featured Buntline, Cody, Texas Jack Omohundro , and
945-593: The American West . While some of the storylines and characters were based on historical events, others were fictional or sensationalized. American Indians in particular were portrayed in a sensationalistic and exploitative manner. The shows introduced many western performers and personalities, and romanticized the American frontier , to a wide audience. In the 19th century, following the American Civil War , stories and inexpensive dime novels depicting
1008-461: The Battle of Little Big Horn and the arrest of Chief Blue Horse in 1876, the Wágluȟe split into three bands. Blue Horse remained head chief of one band, and rising young leaders American Horse and Three Bears led the other two. Red Shirt was also a popular leader and served as Three Bears' lieutenant. These leaders had much in common. Blue Horse, American Horse , and Three Bears all served as
1071-682: The Fort Laramie Treaty . In its wake, the Oglala became increasingly polarized over how they should react to continued American encroachment on their territory. This treaty forfeited large amounts of Oglala land and rights to the United States in exchange for food and other necessities. Some Lakota bands turned to the Indian agencies — institutions that later served Indian reservations – for rations of beef and subsistence foods from
1134-575: The Oglala Sioux Tribe of the Pine Ridge Reservation, South Dakota . However, many Oglala reject the term " Sioux " due to the hypothesis (among other possible theories ) that its origin may be a derogatory word meaning "snake" in the language of the Ojibwe , who were among the historical enemies of the Lakota. They are also known as Oglála Lakhóta Oyáte . Oglala elders relate stories about
1197-533: The Powder River country fight in Red Cloud's War and became closely tied to militant Minneconjou , Sans Arc and Hunkpappa . Other Wágluȟe supplied food and munitions to Chief Red Cloud . All Wágluȟe respected Chief Red Cloud . The U.S. Army concluded that, even if there were doubts about their reliability, the Wágluȟe's role as scouts, civil administrators and mediators was absolutely essential. After
1260-592: The chiefs for political affairs, war leaders and warriors, and hunters. Traditionally, when a man marries, he goes to live with his wife with her people. The Oglala flag's red field symbolizes the blood shed by the Sioux in defense of their lands and the very idea of the "red men". A circle of eight white tepees, tops pointing outward, represents the eight districts of the reservation: Porcupine, Wakpammi, Medicine Root, Pass Creek, Eagle Nest, White Clay, LaCreek, and Wounded Knee (FBUS, 260-262). When used indoor or in parades,
1323-680: The "first scalp for Custer". Shooting competitions and displays of marksmanship were commonly a part of the program. Great feats of skill were shown off using rifles, shotguns, and revolvers. Most people in the show were good marksmen but many were experts. Animals also did their share in the show through rodeo entertainment. In rodeo events, cowboys like Lee Martin would try to rope and ride broncos. Broncos are unbroken horses that tend to throw or buck their riders. Other wild animals they would attempt to ride or deal with were mules, buffalo, Texas steers, elk, deer, bears, and moose. The show also demonstrated hunts which were staged as they would have been on
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#17327809533341386-472: The 18th and 19th centuries. Old Chief Smoke was one of the first Lakota chiefs to appreciate the power of the whites and the need for association. In 1849, Old Chief Smoke moved his Wágluȟe camp to Ft. Laramie, Wyoming when the U.S. Army first garrisoned the old trading post to protect and supply wagon trains of white migrants along the Oregon Trail . Lakota families from other camps who preferred
1449-583: The 1960s Spaghetti Westerns , a genre of movies about the American Old West made in Europe, were common. Contemporary rodeos continue to be held, employing the same events and skills as cowboys did in Wild West shows. Wild Westers still perform in movies, pow-wows , pageants and rodeos. There remains an interest in Native peoples through much of the United States and Europe, including an interest in
1512-523: The Fair, Frederick Turner , a young Wisconsin scholar, gave a speech that pronounced the first stage of American history over. "The frontier has gone", he declared. Buffalo Bill's Wild West returned to Europe in December 1902 with a fourteen-week run in London, capped by a visit from King Edward VII and the future King George V. The Wild West traveled throughout Great Britain in a tour in 1902 and 1903 and
1575-655: The Italian-born ballerina Giuseppina Morlacchi and toured the American theater circuit for two years. Buntline left the show and in 1874 Cody founded the Buffalo Bill Combination , in which he performed for part of the year while scouting on the prairies the rest of the year. Wild Bill Hickok joined the group to headline in a new play called Scouts of the Plains . Hickok did not enjoy acting and
1638-935: The Kemp Sisters, and Texas Rose as an announcer. " Show Indians " - actors largely from the Plains Nations , such as the Lakota people - were also a part of Wild West shows. They were hired to participate in staged "Indian Races" and what were alleged to be historic battles, and often appeared in attack scenes attacking whites in which they were encouraged to portray "savagery and wildness". The shows "generally presented Native people as exotic savages, prone to bizarre rites and cruel violence." The Native women were dressed in "exploitative", non-traditional clothing such as men's headdresses and breastplates, combined with immodest attire like leather shorts, none of which would have ever been worn in reality. They also performed what
1701-518: The Oglala had around 3,000 members. In the 1820s and 1830s, the Oglala, along with the Brulé , another Lakota band, and three other Sioux bands, formed the Sioux Alliance. This Alliance attacked surrounding tribes for territorial and hunting reasons. Historically, women have been crucial to the family's life: making almost everything used by the family and tribe. They have cultivated and processed
1764-710: The Sioux Indians . The Great Sioux Reservation was broken up into five portions. This caused the Red Cloud Agency to be moved multiple times throughout the 1870s until it was relocated and renamed the Pine Ridge Reservation in 1878. By 1890, the reservation included 5,537 people, divided into a number of districts that included some 30 distinct communities. In July 2022, the Oglala Sioux Tribal Council effected
1827-470: The Sioux language. He had a rifle in one hand and a strung bow and a bunch of arrows in the other, and when he dropped his blanket, two navy Colts and a big scalping knife could be seen in their sheaths at his belt. He was in a raving fury, leaping and bounding about the room as he hurled accusations and threats at Chief Spotted Tail . Chief Big Mouth died toward dawn. Some hours later, Blue Horse came to agent Poole's office and told he that he felt so sad over
1890-891: The Smithsonian Institution preserves and displays Gertrude Käsebier 's photographs, as well as many others by photographers who captured the displays of Wild Westing. The Carlisle Indian School Resource Center of the Cumberland County Historical Society in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, houses an extensive collection of archival materials and photographs from the Carlisle Indian School. In 2000, the Cumberland County 250th Anniversary Committee worked with Native Americans from numerous tribes and non-natives to organize
1953-676: The U.S. Indian agent at the Red Cloud Agency , observed in 1875 that the Oglala tribe was divided into three main groups: the Kiyuksa , the Oyuĥpe and the True Oglala. "Each of these bands are subdivided into smaller parties, variously named, usually designated by the name of their chief or leader." As the Oglala were settled on the Pine Ridge Reservation in the late 1870s, their communities probably looked something like this: Oyuȟpe Tiyóšpaye Oglala Tiyóšpaye Kiyaksa Tiyóšpaye By 1830,
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2016-551: The U.S. and Europe. Veterans from the Great Plains Wars chose to offer their services to Colonel "Buffalo Bill" Cody and appreciated that Wild Westing preserved Oglala Lakota heritage during a time when the Bureau of Indian Affairs was intent on promoting Native assimilation . Oglala Lakota The Oglala (pronounced [oɡəˈlala] , meaning "to scatter one's own" in Lakota language ) are one of
2079-557: The U.S. and Europe. Wágluȟe from the Great Plains Wars chose to offer their services to Colonel "Buffalo Bill" Cody and appreciated that Wild West shows preserved Oglala Lakota heritage during a time when the Bureau of Indian Affairs was intent on promoting Native assimilation . Chief Big Mouth was the elder son and became head chief in 1864 upon the death of Old Chief Smoke . Big Mouth opposed Chief Spotted Tail 's leadership and criticized his negotiations with Washington politicians. On October 29, 1869, Spotted Tail called at
2142-612: The US government. Other bands held fast to Indigenous lifeways. Many Lakota bands moved between these two extremes, coming in to the agencies during the winter and joining their relatives in the north each spring. These challenges further split the various Oglala bands. The influx of white settlers into the Idaho Territory often meant passing through Oglala territory, and, occasionally, brought with it its perils, as Fanny Kelly described in her 1871 book, Narrative of My Captivity among
2205-643: The United States in May 1888 for a short summer tour. A return tour was made in 1891-92, including Cardiff , Wales and Glasgow , Scotland, in the itinerary. In 1893, Cody changed the title to Buffalo Bill's Wild West and Congress of Rough Riders of the World and the show performed at the Chicago World's Fair to a crowd of 18,000. This performance was a huge contributor to the show's popularity. The show never again did as well as it did that year. That same year at
2268-433: The customs of the whites. Wágluȟe were considered by the U.S. Army and Indian agents to be the most progressive band of Lakota and many became Indian Police , U.S. Army Indian Scouts with the U.S. 4th Cavalry Regiment from Ft. Laramie, Wyoming and intermediaries with other bands of Lakotas . The Wágluȟe formed a civil administration at Ft. Laramie , and Old Chief Smoke appointed Chief Blue Horse and Chief Big Mouth
2331-485: The death of his great and good brother that he would have to wash off the paint he had put on his face for the feast the day before and begin mourning. The interpreter warned Poole that if this Indian washed his face and started mourning, it would mean the reopening of the feud and more shootings. The agent would give Blue Horse two blankets, that would comfort him, and he would refrain from washing his face and going gunning for Spotted Tail . The blankets were handed over, and
2394-532: The door of Big Mouth 's lodge, and asked to speak with him. On his appearance, he was seized by two warriors, who held him fast, while Spotted Tail drew a pistol, placed it against his body, and shot Chief Big Mouth dead. Captain DeWitt C. Poole at the Whetstone Indian Agency reported Chief Blue Horse 's shock and anger to Chief Big Mouth 's murder. "Blue Horse started a violent harangue in
2457-423: The first Indian Police officers. The Wágluȟe were the first Oglala Lakota to send their children to the Carlisle Indian Industrial School in Carlisle, Pennsylvania , for a formal education. Wágluȟe U.S. Army Indian Scouts were a " Band of Brothers " with U.S. Army Cavalry Scouts and later were the first Oglala Lakota to travel with Col. William Frederick "Buffalo Bill" Cody and his Wild West throughout
2520-600: The first four tours between 1887 and 1892, and the last four from 1902 to 1906. The first tour was in 1887 as part of the American Exhibition , which coincided with the Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria . The Prince of Wales, later King Edward VII , requested a private preview of the Wild West performance; he was impressed enough to arrange a command performance for Queen Victoria . The Queen enjoyed
2583-483: The flag is decorated with a deep-blue fringe to incorporate the colors of the United States into the design.". "The flag was first displayed at the Sun Dance ceremonies in 1961 and officially adopted on 9 March 1962. Since then it has taken on a larger role, perhaps because of its age, clear design, and universal symbolism. The Oglala flag is now a common sight at Native American powwows, not just Sioux gatherings, and
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2646-407: The frontier, and were accompanied by one of the few remaining buffalo herds in the world. Races were another form of entertainment employed in the Wild West show. Many different races were held, including those between cowboys, Mexicans, and Indians, a 100 yd foot race between Indian and Indian pony, a race between Sioux boys on bareback Indian ponies, races between Mexican thoroughbreds, and even
2709-657: The grieving brother went quietly away." Poole later reported that Chief Spotted Tail made a prompt payment of a stipulated number of ponies to Blue Horse and that aboriginal law had been vindicated. Chief Blue Horse was pressed to avenge the murder of Chief Big Mouth , but chose the path of non-violence and instead moved with his Wágluȟe Band to another locality. Chief Red Cloud was also aggrieved by his brother's murder. Nonetheless, Chief Red Cloud continued to work with Chief Spotted Tail in delegations to Washington, D.C. to protect tribal lands, enforce broken treaties and preserve Lakota heritage. Some Wágluȟe went north to
2772-488: The harsh economy made it hard to afford tickets. It did not help that the show was routed to go through the South in a year when the cotton was flooded and there was a general depression in the area. Buffalo Bill lost a lot of money and was on the brink of a financial disaster. Soon after, and in an attempt of recovery of monetary balance, Buffalo Bill signed a contract in which he was tricked by Bonfil and Temmen into selling them
2835-484: The origin of the name "Oglala" and their emergence as a distinct group, probably sometime in the 18th century. In the early 19th century, Europeans and American passed through Lakota territory in increasing numbers. They sought furs, especially beaver fur at first, and later bison fur. The fur trade changed the Oglala economy and way of life. In 1868, the United States and the Great Sioux Nation signed
2898-455: The other hand, some Wagluhe thought of the wild Lakota as county bumpkins. During the increasing strife of the 1860s, the Ft. Laramie took on a military posture and was the primary staging ground for the U.S. Army during Red Cloud's War . In 1864, Old Chief Smoke died and was placed on a scaffold near sight of his beloved Ft. Laramie and replaced by Chief Big Mouth . The Wágluȟe were aware of
2961-455: The pow-wow culture of Native people. Some events are open to outside tourists who are able to observe traditional Native American skills: horse culture, ceremonial dancing, food, art, music and crafts, while other pow-wows are closed events for members of the Native community only. There are several ongoing national projects that celebrate Wild Westers and Wild Westing. The National Museum of American History 's Photographic History Collection at
3024-466: The power of the whites, their overwhelming numbers and the futility of war. Traditionally, in intertribal warfare, a fight among fifty warriors in which two men were killed was considered a big fight. The Wágluȟe at Ft. Laramie, Wyoming , heard of the 50,000 casualties of the three-day Battle at Gettysburg in July 1863, and knew what white men meant when they spoke of battle. The Wágluȟe observed and learned
3087-461: The prairie like so many wild animals," not understanding the central importance of community. Left Heron emphasized that not only did this revered spirit woman bring the Sacred Pipe to the tribe but she also taught the Lakota people many valuable lessons, including the importance of family ( tiwahe ) and community ( tiyospaye ). The goal of promoting these two values then became a priority, and in
3150-513: The safety of Ft. Laramie joined Smoke 's camp. Old Chief Smoke was aware of the power of the whites, their overwhelming numbers and the futility of war. Old Chief Smoke observed and learned the customs of the whites. By the late 1850s, some Lakota from the wild buffalo-hunting camps began to disparage Old Chief Smoke 's camp at Ft. Laramie and call Old Chief Smoke 's community Wágluȟe ( Loafers ), meaning they were like men who lived with their wives' relatives, that is, hangers-on, loafers. On
3213-724: The seven subtribes of the Lakota people who, along with the Dakota , make up the Očhéthi Šakówiŋ (Seven Council Fires). A majority of the Oglala live on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in South Dakota , the eighth-largest Native American reservation in the United States. The Oglala are a federally recognized tribe whose official title is the Oglala Lakota Nation . It was previously called
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#17327809533343276-502: The show and demoting himself to a mere employee and attraction of the Sells-Floto Circus. From this point, the show began to destroy itself. Finally, in 1913 the show was declared bankrupt. The shows consisted of reenactments of history combined with displays of showmanship, sharpshooting, hunts, racing, or rodeo style events. Each show was 3–4 hours long and attracted crowds of thousands of people daily. The show began with
3339-576: The show and meeting the performers, setting the stage for another command performance on June 20, 1887, for her Jubilee guests. Royalty from all over Europe attended, including the future Kaiser Wilhelm II and the future King George V . Buffalo Bill's Wild West closed its successful London run in October 1887 after more than 300 performances, with more than 2.5 million tickets sold. The tour made stops in Birmingham and Manchester before returning to
3402-493: The show were Red Cloud , Chief Joseph , Geronimo , and the Modoc War scout Donald McKay . Western shows generated interest for Western entertainment. This is still evidenced in western films, modern rodeos, and circuses. Western films in the first half of the 20th century filled the gap left behind by Wild West shows. The first real western, The Great Train Robbery , was made in 1903, and thousands followed after. In
3465-545: The tales of his exploits served to pass the evening." Eastman recorded that " Blue Horse had been, as he claimed, a friend to the white man, for he was one of the first Sioux U.S. Army Indian Scouts , and also one of the first to cross the ocean with Buffalo Bill ." Wágluȟe U.S. Army Indian Scouts from the Pine Ridge Agency , South Dakota , were the first Oglala Lakota to travel with Col. William Frederick "Buffalo Bill" Cody and his Wild West throughout
3528-422: The words of Dakota anthropologist Ella Cara Deloria , "every other consideration was secondary—property, personal ambition, glory, good times, life itself. Without that aim and the constant struggle to attain it, the people would no longer be Dakotas in truth. They would no longer even be human." This strong and enduring connection between related families profoundly influenced Oglala history. Dr. John J. Saville,
3591-515: Was another distinguished woman performer. Calamity Jane was a notorious frontierswoman who was the subject of many wild stories—many of which she made up herself. She was a skilled horsewoman and expert rifle and revolver handler in the show. Calamity Jane appeared in Wild West shows until 1902 when she was reportedly fired for drinking and fighting. Other notable females in the business were Tillie Baldwin , May Lillie , Lucille Mulhall , Lillian Smith , Bessie and Della Ferrel, Luella-Forepaugh Fish,
3654-515: Was billed as "the Sioux Ghost Dance". Chief Sitting Bull joined Cody's Wild West show for a short time and was a star attraction alongside Annie Oakley. During his time at the show, Sitting Bull was introduced to President Grover Cleveland , which he thought proved his importance as chief. He was friends with Buffalo Bill and highly valued the horse that was given to him when he left the show. Red Eagle (1870–1949) immersed himself in
3717-442: Was founded in Omaha , Nebraska when Buffalo Bill Cody turned his real life adventure into the first outdoor western show. The show's publicist Arizona John Burke employed innovative techniques at the time, such as celebrity endorsements, press kits, publicity stunts, op-ed articles, billboards and product licensing, that contributed to the success and popularity of the show. Buffalo Bill's Wild West toured Europe eight times,
3780-495: Was his "first caller" at the Pine Ridge Agency and Chief Emeritus of the Wágluȟe Band. "He softly opened the door and stepped in without knocking, in characteristic Indian fashion. After greeting me in Sioux , he promptly produced his credentials, which consisted of well-worn papers that had been given him by various high military officers, from General William Selby Harney to General George Crook , and were dated 1854 to 1877. The old man wanted nothing so much as an audience, and
3843-404: Was nicknamed the "Cowboy Kid" and considered to be Annie Oakley's boy counterpart. Some notable cowboys who participated in the events were Buck Taylor (dubbed "The First Cowboy King"), Bronco Bill, James Lawson ("The Roper"), Bill Bullock, Tim Clayton, Coyote Bill, sharpshooter James Spleen (" Kit Carson Jr "), frontiersman John Baker Omohundro ("Texas Jack"), and Bridle Bill. Women were also
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#17327809533343906-555: Was recognized as a leader of the Wágluȟe and the Ite Sica. In 1860, Lieutenant Henry E. Maynadier , who later became the commandant at Fort Laramie , recognized Red Cloud as one of Old Chief Smoke 's sons, a Wagluhe. Yet, in reality, whenever the Oglalas were seriously threatened, Red Cloud would become the de facto chief of the Ite Sica (Bad Faces). In 1890, Native American historian Charles Alexander Eastman recorded his first meeting with Chief Blue Horse at Pine Ridge Agency , South Dakota . Eastman reported Chief Blue Horse
3969-510: Was released from the group after one show when he shot out a spotlight that focused on him. Texas Jack parted ways with Cody in 1877 and formed his own acting troupe in St. Louis, known as the 'Texas Jack Combination', and in May of that year he debuted Texas Jack in the Black Hills . Other plays the combination performed included The Trapper's Daughter and Life on the Border . In 1883, Cody founded Buffalo Bill's Wild West , an outdoor attraction that toured annually. The new show contained
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