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72-413: (Redirected from Local Heroes ) Local Hero or Local Heroes may refer to: Local Hero (film) , a 1983 Scottish comedy-drama by Bill Forsyth Local Hero (soundtrack) , a music album by Mark Knopfler from the film Local Hero (musical) , a 2019 musical based on the film Local hero (Japan) , a Japanese superhero Local Hero (TV series) ,

144-531: A 2016 South Korean television drama Local Hero Award , a part of the Australian of the Year awards Local Heroes (company) , a British online business Local Heroes (British TV series) , a 1991 science and history television series Local Heroes (American TV series) , a 1996 comedy series Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with

216-400: A five-hole paper-tape punch and reader. Once the paper tape had been prepared, the message could be transmitted in minimum time. Telex billing was always by connected duration, so minimizing the connected time saved money. However, it was also possible to connect in "real-time", where the sender and the recipient could both type on the keyboard and these characters would be immediately printed on

288-573: A heartfelt, whisky-soaked talk between the American and the innkeeper, and a scene where the visitors walk on the beach and talk about the meaning of life. By the time Burt Lancaster reappears at the end of the film, to personally handle the negotiations with old Ben, Local Hero could hardly have anything but a happy ending. James Berardinelli gave the film three and a half stars out of four, calling it "a fragment of cinematic whimsy—a genial dramatic comedy that defies both our expectations and those of

360-400: A high degree of certainty by the "answerback", which is a transmission-control enquiry character . At the beginning of the message, the sender would transmit a WRU ( Who are you? ) code, and the recipient machine would automatically initiate a response which was usually encoded in a rotating drum with pegs, much like a music box . The position of the pegs sent an unambiguous identifying code to

432-519: A high degree of resilience through diversely routed dual-path network configurations. After privatization of the telecommunications network under Margaret Thatcher's government at the start of the 1980s, Mercury Communications also provided a telex network, based on T200-series switching equipment supplied by the Swiss company Hasler in 1986 (after 1987 a member of the Ascom company). In 1996 Mercury

504-482: A larger offer. Mac receives encouragement from an unlikely source: Victor, a capitalistic Soviet fishing boat captain who periodically visits his friends in Ferness and checks on his investment portfolio, managed by Gordon. Meanwhile, Danny befriends Marina, who is under the impression that the company is planning to build a research centre at Ferness. During a date, he discovers that Marina, who seems more at home in

576-555: A liability, they are an asset!". Michael Douglas and Henry Winkler were both actively pursued by Bill Forsyth for the role of MacIntyre (which ultimately went to Peter Riegert ). Local Hero was filmed in several locations around Scotland. Most of the Ferness village scenes were filmed in Pennan on the Aberdeenshire coast, and most of the beach scenes at Morar and Arisaig on the west coast. The film's soundtrack

648-427: A live operator. A TWX customer would place a call to the 10A/B board operator for Baudot–ASCII calls, ASCII–Baudot calls, and also TWX conference calls . The code and speed conversion was facilitated by a special service unit made by Western Electric . Multiple code and speed conversion units were placed at each operator position. During the conversion to Telex II, the remaining 3-row Baudot customers were converted to

720-557: A motion picture that offers a helping of substance to go along with an otherwise frothy and undemanding main course". The New York Times critic Janet Maslin wrote, "Genuine fairy tales are rare; so is film-making that is thoroughly original in an unobtrusive way. Bill Forsyth's quirky disarming Local Hero is both." Maslin concluded: Local Hero is a funny movie, but it's more apt to induce chuckles than knee-slapping. Like Gregory's Girl , it demonstrates Mr. Forsyth's uncanny ability for making an audience sense that something magical

792-474: A number of IBM Officevision, Digital Equipment Corporation ALL-IN-1 and Microsoft Mail systems. In addition to permitting email to be sent to telex, formal coding conventions adopted in the composition of telex messages enabled automatic routing of telexes to email recipients. The Teletypewriter Exchange Service (TWX) was developed by the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) in

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864-580: A perfect musical complement to the wistful tone of Bill Forsyth's comedy film, Local Hero ... The low-key music picks up traces of Scottish music, but most of it just sounds like Dire Straits doing instrumentals, especially the recurring theme, one of Knopfler's more memorable melodies. Knopfler re-recorded the theme with fellow guitarists including Bruce Springsteen , Brian May and Jeff Beck (credited as 'Mark Knopfler's Guitar Heroes') in aid of Teenage Cancer Trust in March 2024. The track peaked at #18 on

936-523: A telex address, e.g., "14910 ERIC S", where 14910 is the subscriber number, ERIC is an abbreviation for the subscriber's name (in this case Telefonaktiebolaget L.M. Ericsson in Sweden) and S is the country code or location code. Solutions also exist for the automatic routing of messages to different telex terminals within a subscriber organization, by using different terminal identities, e.g., "+T148". The country codes (formally, network identification codes) for

1008-584: A tremendously talented cast, Local Hero is as humorous as it is heartwarming". On Metacritic , the film has a score of 84 out of 100, based on reviews from 16 critics. Some Scottish critics were less enthusiastic about the film, pointing out that it repeated and reinforced long-established cinematic representations of Scotland and the Scots and perpetuated a comforting but misleading narrative about Scotland's relationship with international capitalism. The Glasgow Women and Film Collective questioned what it saw as

1080-420: Is a 1983 British comedy-drama film written and directed by Bill Forsyth and produced by David Puttnam . It stars Peter Riegert , Burt Lancaster , Denis Lawson , Peter Capaldi , and Fulton Mackay . Riegert plays an American oil company representative who is sent to the fictional village of Ferness on the west coast of Scotland to purchase the town and surrounding property for his company. The musical score

1152-417: Is going on, even if that something isn't easily explained. In Variety magazine, film critic Todd McCarthy wrote, "After making the grade internationally with the sleeper hit, Gregory's Girl , Scottish writer-director Bill Forsyth has broken the sophomore sesh jinx the only way he could, by making an even better film ... Given a larger canvas, director Forsyth has in no way attempted to overreach himself or

1224-473: Is still in operation but not in the sense described in the CCITT Blue Book documentation. iTelegram offers telex-like service without subscriber telex lines. Individual subscribers can use Deskmail, a Windows program that connects to the iTelegram telex network, using IP as the last mile . Telex has been mostly superseded by fax , email , and SWIFT , although radiotelex (telex via HF radio )

1296-474: Is the low-key approach of the writer-director, Bill Forsyth, who also made the charming Gregory's Girl and has the patience to let his characters gradually reveal themselves to the camera. He never hurries, and as a result, Local Hero never drags: Nothing is more absorbing than human personalities, developed with love and humor. Some of the payoffs in this film are sly and subtle, and others generate big laughs. Forsyth's big scenes are his little ones, including

1368-471: The UK singles chart . Gerry Rafferty provided the vocals for "The Way It Always Starts" on the soundtrack. The album was certified a BPI silver record. In his Chicago Sun-Times review, Roger Ebert gave the film his highest four stars, calling it "a small film to treasure". He gave particular praise to writer-director Bill Forsyth for his abilities as a storyteller. What makes this material really work

1440-548: The 1970s, under pressure from the Bell operating companies wanting to modernize their cable plant and lower the adjacent circuit noise that these telex circuits sometimes caused, Western Union migrated customers to a third option called F1F2. This F1F2 option replaced the DC voltage of the local and long distance options with modems at the exchange and subscriber ends of the telex circuit. Western Union offered connections from telex to

1512-632: The AT&;T Teletypewriter Exchange (TWX) system in May 1966 via its New York Information Services Computer Center. These connections were limited to those TWX machines that were equipped with automatic answerback capability per CCITT standard. USA-based telex users could send the same message to several places around the world at the same time, like email today, using the Western Union InfoMaster Computer. This involved transmitting

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1584-804: The District of Columbia, Virginia, and West Virginia). 810 was assigned from Michigan southward and east of the Mississippi River to Ohio, Indiana, and Kentucky, and the entire South and 910 served west of the Mississippi to the Southwest and West Coast. TWX lines were configured with a special Class of Service to prevent interconnections with voice services. Western Union purchased the TWX system from AT&T in January 1969. The TWX system and

1656-484: The Hollywood star wanted his $ 2 million salary, which was almost a third of the film's entire budget. Upon learning of Lancaster's potential involvement in the project, Warner Bros. offered Puttnam a US distribution deal and provided the additional funding to secure Lancaster. After negotiations, Puttnam ended up having an additional $ 200,000 in the film's budget. He later remarked in an interview that "big stars are not

1728-470: The United States, commencing service on November 21, 1931. From 1942 to 1952, AT&T published progress with the system in the trade magazine TWX . It published articles that touched upon many aspects of the technology. From inception to 1962, access to the service was provided by operator-assisted, manual switching. By 1962, the network had grown to one hundred switchboard locations to handle

1800-510: The United States, was based on the major exchange where the customer's telex machine terminated. For example, all telex customers that terminated in the New York City exchange were assigned a telex number that started with a first digit "1". Further, all Chicago-based customers had telex numbers that started with a first digit of "2". This numbering plan was maintained by Western Union as the telex exchanges proliferated to smaller cities in

1872-619: The United States. Bell's original consent agreement limited it to international dial telephony, and the Western Union Telegraph Company had given up its international telegraphic operation in a 1939 bid to monopolize U.S. telegraphy by taking over ITT's postal, telegraph and telephone service (PTT) business. The result was a de-emphasis on telex in the U.S. and the creation of several international telex and telegraphy companies, collectively called IRCs: Bell Telex users had to select which IRC to use, and then append

1944-460: The United States. The Western Union Telex network was built on three levels of exchanges. The highest level was made up of the nine exchange cities previously mentioned. Each of these cities had the dual capability of terminating telex customer lines and setting up trunk connections to multiple distant telex exchanges. The second level of exchanges, located in large cities such as Buffalo, Cleveland, Miami, Newark, Pittsburgh and Seattle, were similar to

2016-528: The assignment, complaining to a co-worker that he would rather handle business over the phone and via telex . Happer, an avid amateur astronomer, tells Mac to watch the sky and to notify him immediately if he sees anything unusual. Arriving in Scotland, Mac teams up with local Knox representative Danny Oldsen. Visiting a Knox research facility in Aberdeen , Dr Geddes explains the plan to replace Ferness with

2088-503: The characters". Berardinelli also focused on Forsyth's abilities as a storyteller, noting that the director "finds the perfect tone for this not-quite-a-fairy-tale set in a quaint seaside Scottish village named Ferness. By injecting a little (but not too much) magical realism into the mix, Forsyth leavens his pro-environmental message to the point that those not looking for it might not be conscious of its presence." Berardinelli concluded that Local Hero represents "the best kind of light fare:

2160-447: The distant machine. Telex could also be used as a rudimentary but functional carrier of information from one IT system to another, in effect a primitive forerunner of electronic data interchange . The sending IT system would create an output (e.g., an inventory list) on paper tape using a mutually agreed format. The tape would be sent by telex and collected on a corresponding paper tape by the receiver and this tape could then be read into

2232-482: The ensuing years into the 1990s. The dominant supplier of the telex machines was Creed & Company , a division of the ITT Corporation . A separate service Secure Stream 300 (previously Circuit Switched Data Network) was a variant of telex running at 300 baud, used for telemetry and monitoring purposes by utility companies and banks, among others. This was a high-security virtual private wire system with

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2304-462: The exchange equipment, provisioned the exchange trunks via the Western Union national microwave system and leased the exchange to customer site facilities from the local telephone company. Teleprinter equipment was originally provided by Siemens & Halske AG and later by Teletype Corporation. Initial direct international telex service was offered by Western Union, via W.U. International, in

2376-490: The film and his quest to have a comet named after him. A stage musical based on the film premiered at the Royal Lyceum Theatre , Edinburgh in 2019. The musical featured music and lyrics by Mark Knopfler (writer of the film soundtrack) and a book by Bill Forsyth (original film screenwriter and director) and David Greig , and was directed by John Crowley . Telex The term "telex" may refer to

2448-550: The film as a "magical, intelligent comedy". Panton praised the cinematography as "little short of amazing" and that Local Hero was "Bill Forsyth's finest work of all, this is a perfect film." During his 2000 campaign for the presidency , U.S. Vice President Al Gore told Oprah Winfrey in an interview that Local Hero was his favorite film. On Rotten Tomatoes , the film received a 100% rating based on 40 reviews, with an average rating of 8.80/10. The site's consensus reads: "A charmingly low-key character study brought to life by

2520-470: The film's male-oriented narrative about innocence and power and the marginal roles it accorded to women. Local Hero earned $ 5,895,761 in total gross sales in the United States. It earned distributors gross of £487,437 in the UK. Goldcrest Films invested £2,551,000 in the film and received £3,290,000, earning them a profit of £739,000. The minor planet 7345 Happer is named after Lancaster's character in

2592-430: The first countries to adopt telex are single letters, while other countries have two-letter codes. Some specialty services and American cities have three-letter network or location codes (such as MAS for Inmarsat or LSA for Los Angeles), and a few towns have four-letter codes (such as ROVE for Rockville, Maryland ). A major advantage of telex is that the receipt of the message by the recipient could be confirmed with

2664-409: The forerunner of modern fax , email , and text messaging – both technically and stylistically. Abbreviated English (like "CU L8R" for "see you later") as used in texting originated with telex operators exchanging informal messages in real time – they became the first "texters" long before the introduction of mobile phones . Telex users could send the same message to several places around the world at

2736-433: The highest level of exchanges in capability of terminating telex customer lines and setting up trunk connections. However, these second level exchanges had a smaller customer line capacity and only had trunk circuits connected to regional cities. The third level of exchanges, located in small to medium-sized cities, could terminate telex customer lines and had a single trunk group running to its parent exchange. Loop signaling

2808-400: The keyboard. In 1963, AT&T implemented a new coding technology for TWX, called 4-row (64 characters in four key rows) based on the new Teletype Model 33 teleprinter using a 110-baud modem and a subset of the seven-bit ASCII code without lower-case letters. TWX was offered in both 3-row Baudot and 4-row ASCII versions up to the late 1970s. The modem for the 4-row ASCII service

2880-504: The material, keeping things modest and intimate throughout, but displaying a very acute sense of comic insight." Almar Haflidason called Local Hero "a wry film that slowly slips under the skin to surprising effect" in BBC Home . Haflidason concludes, "Once over, the mood of the film hits home and a longing develops to visit once again the characters of this warm and deceptively slight comedy." For Movie Gazette , Gary Panton described

2952-470: The maximum value from them. The cost of TOR equipment has continued to fall. Although the system initially required specialised equipment, as of 2016 many amateur radio operators operate TOR, also known as radioteletype (RTTY), with special software and inexpensive hardware to connect computer sound cards to short-wave radios. Modern cablegrams or telegrams actually operate over dedicated telex networks, using TOR whenever required. Telex served as

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3024-585: The message via paper tape to the InfoMaster Computer (dial code 6111) and specifying the destination addresses for the single text. In this way, a single message could be sent to multiple distant telex and TWX machines as well as delivering the same message to non-telex and non-TWX subscribers via Western Union Mailgram . International record carrier (IRC) was a term created by the Federal Communications Commission in

3096-504: The necessary routing digits. The IRCs converted between TWX and Western Union Telegraph Co. standards. Telex began in the UK as an evolution from the 1930s Telex Printergram service, appearing in 1932 on a limited basis. This used the telephone network in conjunction with a Teleprinter 7B and signalling equipment to send a message to another subscriber with a teleprinter, or to the Central Telegraph Office. In 1945, as

3168-577: The new service during the period 1979 to 1981. In February 1969, AT&T installed the first electronic switching system (ESS) for TWX service. It was a version of the No. 1ESS switch, arranged for data features (1ESS-AFD) in the Long Lines Department of AT&T. It had a capacity of handling 1,250 4-row teletypewriters. However, due to the purchase of TWX by Western Union, further installations were canceled. Western Union's Telex II system

3240-430: The receiving IT system. One use of telex circuits, in use until the widescale adoption of X.400 and Internet email, was to facilitate a message handling system, allowing local email systems to exchange messages with other email and telex systems via a central routing operation, or switch. One of the largest such switches was operated by Royal Dutch Shell as recently as 1994, permitting the exchange of messages between

3312-493: The refinery. They also meet marine researcher Marina. Mac spends several days in Ferness, gradually adapting to the slower-paced life and getting to know the eccentric residents, most notably hotel owner and accountant Gordon Urquhart, and his wife Stella. Mac becomes more and more conflicted as he presses to close the deal that will end the village he has come to love. The villagers are tired of their hard life and are more than eager to sell, though they feign indifference to induce

3384-527: The same name , written by Forsyth and Knopfler, premiered in 2019. "Mac" MacIntyre is an aspiring executive working for Knox Oil and Gas in Houston, Texas . Felix Happer, the company's eccentric owner, chooses Mac because of his Scottish sounding surname, to acquire Ferness, a village in the Scottish Highlands, to make way for a refinery. Mac actually of Hungarian extraction, is apprehensive about

3456-480: The same time, like email today, using the Western Union InfoMaster Computer. This involved transmitting the message via paper tape to the InfoMaster Computer (dial code 6111) and specifying the destination addresses for the single text. In this way, a single message could be sent to multiple distant telex and TWX machines as well as delivering the same message to non-telex and non-TWX subscribers via Western Union Mailgram . Telex messages are routed by addressing them to

3528-486: The sender, so the sender could verify connection to the correct recipient. The WRU code would also be sent at the end of the message, so a correct response would confirm that the connection had remained unbroken during the message transmission. This gave telex a major advantage over group 2 fax, which had no inherent error-checking capability. The usual method of operation was that the message would be prepared off-line, using paper tape . All common telex machines incorporated

3600-524: The service, the network, the devices, or the actual message. Point-to-point teleprinter systems had been in use long before telex exchanges were built in the 1930s. Teleprinters evolved from telegraph systems, and, like the telegraph, use binary signals , with mark and space logic represented by the presence or absence of a certain level of electric current. This differs from the analog telephone system, which used varying voltage to represent sound. For this reason, telex exchanges were entirely separate from

3672-600: The snag in the proceedings, he decides to negotiate personally with Ben and, in the process, discovers a kindred spirit. Happer opts to locate the refinery offshore and set up an astronomical observatory instead. He sends MacIntyre home to implement the changes. Danny brings up Marina's dream of an oceanographic research facility and suggests combining the two into the "Happer Institute", an idea that Happer likes. A sombre MacIntyre returns to his apartment in Houston. He pulls from his pocket pebbles and shells and spreads them out on

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3744-402: The summer of 1960 with limited service to London and Paris. In 1962, the major exchanges were located in New York City (1), Chicago (2), San Francisco (3), Kansas City (4) and Atlanta (5). The telex network expanded by adding the final parent exchange cities of Los Angeles (6), Dallas (7), Philadelphia (8) and Boston (9), starting in 1966. The telex numbering plan, usually a six-digit number in

3816-508: The telephone system, with their own signalling standards, exchanges and system of telex numbers (the counterpart of telephone numbers). Telex provided the first common medium for international record communications using standard signalling techniques and operating criteria as specified by the International Telecommunication Union . Customers on any telex exchange could deliver messages to any other, around

3888-630: The telex network to what was effectively a directory service running on the telephone network. Telex began in Germany as a research and development program in 1926 that became an operational teleprinter service in 1933. The service, operated by the German Reichspost had a speed of 50 baud , which is approximately 66 words per minute. Soon after telex services were developed by other nations. Telex spread within Europe and after 1945 around

3960-469: The title Local Hero . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Local_Hero&oldid=1189954787 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Local Hero (film) Local Hero

4032-453: The traffic increased, it was decided to have a separate network for telex traffic, and the first manual exchange opened in London. By 1954, the public inland telex service opened via manually switched exchanges. A number of subscribers were served via automatic sub-centres which used relays and Type 2 uniselectors , acting as concentrators for a manual exchange. In the late 1950s, the decision

4104-528: The traffic, causing considerable delay in the speed of connections of up to 2 1 ⁄ 2 minutes on average. On August 31, 1962, the service was integrated into the Direct Distance Dialing (DDD) network, which improved connection times to about thirty seconds. For the new dial technology, each station was assigned a ten-digit telephone number from a reserved set of N10 area codes, designated as Service Access Codes (SAC). Area code 510

4176-591: The use of the special US area codes continued until 1981, when Western Union completed the conversion to the Western Union Telex II system. Canada moved its TWX-numbers, as well as Datalink services, to the non-geographic area code 600 , effective October 1, 1993, in exchange for returning 610. The network originally transmitted at a speed of 45.45 baud, or approximately 60 words per minute, using five-bit Baudot code , often referred to as 3-row coding with 32 characters arranged in three key rows of

4248-595: The water than on land, has webbed toes . While watching some grey seals , Danny mentions that sailors used to believe they were mermaids . Marina tells him the sailors were wrong. As the deal nears completion, Gordon discovers that Ben Knox, an old beachcomber who lives in a driftwood shack on the shore, owns the beach through a grant from the Lord of the Isles to his ancestor. MacIntyre tries everything to entice Ben to sell, even offering enough money to buy any other beach in

4320-413: The work surface. The local phone box in Ferness starts ringing. Warner Bros. and Goldcrest Films originally declined to fund Local Hero . However, when Puttnam won a BAFTA for Chariots of Fire in 1982, Goldcrest agreed to finance the entire film. Warner Bros. agreed to pay $ 1.5 million for US rights. Puttnam always wanted Burt Lancaster to play Happer but the casting proved problematic because

4392-435: The world, but the owner is content with what he has. Ben picks up some sand and offers to sell for the same number of pound notes as he has grains of sand in his hand. A suspicious MacIntyre declines, only to be told there could not have been more than ten thousand grains. Happer finally arrives on site, just in time to unknowingly forestall a potential confrontation between some of the villagers and Ben. When Mac informs him of

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4464-552: The world. By 1978 West Germany , including West Berlin , had 123,298 telex connections. Long before automatic telephony became available, most countries, even in central Africa and Asia , had at least a few high-frequency shortwave telex links. Often, government postal and telegraph services (PTTs) initiated these radio links. The most common radio standard, CCITT R.44 had error-corrected retransmitting time-division multiplexing of radio channels. Most impoverished PTTs operated their telex-on-radio (TOR) channels non-stop, to get

4536-515: The world. To reduce connecting line usage, telex messages were encoded onto paper tape and then read into the line as quickly as possible. The system normally delivered information at 50 baud or approximately 66 words per minute, encoded using the International Telegraph Alphabet No. 2 . In the last days of the traditional telex networks, end-user equipment was often replaced by modems and phone lines , reducing

4608-510: Was assigned for the United States and Area Code 610 in Canada. Sixteen operating centers were established across the United States. Later in the decade, the United States was subdivided into three service regions. and assigned codes from the remaining set of SACs (710, 810, and 910). SAC 710 covered the Northeast of the United States (New England, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland,

4680-549: Was composed by Mark Knopfler . The film premiered on February 17, 1983. It received critical acclaim, and holds a 100% rating on Rotten Tomatoes . At the 37th British Academy Film Awards , the film was nominated for seven BAFTA Awards and won Best Direction for Forsyth. In 1999, the British Film Institute ranked the film as one of the Top 100 British films of the 20th century. A stage musical adaptation of

4752-510: Was incorporated into Cable & Wireless Communications , which continued telex operation until 2006 when the remaining telex subscribers were transferred to Swiss Telex, which operated a multinational telex network until 2020 (also with T200 equipment). British Telecom stopped offering the telex service to new customers in 2004 and discontinued the service in 2008, allowing users to transfer to Swiss Telex if they wished to continue to use telex. Canada-wide automatic teleprinter exchange service

4824-822: Was introduced by the CPR Telegraph Company and CN Telegraph in July 1957 (the two companies, operated by rivals Canadian National Railway and Canadian Pacific Railway , would join to form CNCP Telecommunications in 1967). This service supplemented the existing international telex service that was put in place in November 1956. Canadian telex customers could connect with nineteen European countries in addition to eighteen Latin American, African, and trans-Pacific countries. The major exchanges were located in Montreal (01), Toronto (02), and Winnipeg (03). Telex

4896-502: Was made to convert to automatic switching and this was completed by 1961; there were 21 exchanges spread across the country, with one international exchange in London. The equipment used the Strowger system for switching, as was the case for the telephone network. Conversion to Stored Programme Control (SPC) began in 1984 using exchanges made by Canadian Marconi , with the last Strowger exchange closing in 1992. User numbers increased over

4968-459: Was offered in two different configurations for Western Union Telex in the United States. The first option, sometimes called local or loop service , provided a 60 milliampere loop circuit from the exchange to the customer teleprinter. The second option, sometimes called long distance or polar was used when a 60 milliampere connection could not be achieved, provided a ground return polar circuit using 35 milliamperes on separate send and receive wires. By

5040-400: Was re-acquired by AT&T in 1990 in the purchase of the Western Union assets that became AT&T EasyLink Services . In 1958, Western Union started to build a telex network in the United States. This telex network started as a satellite exchange located in New York City and expanded to a nationwide network. Western Union chose Siemens & Halske AG, now Siemens AG, and ITT to supply

5112-518: Was the Bell 101 dataset, developed by 1958 for military applications. It is the direct ancestor of the Bell 103 modem that launched computer time-sharing . The 101 was revolutionary because it allowed the Bell System to run TWX on its regular voice telephone lines. The code and speed conversion between 3-row Baudot and 4-row ASCII TWX service was accomplished using a special Bell 10A/B board via

5184-537: Was written and produced by Mark Knopfler of Dire Straits . This has led to the popularity of the film with fans of the band. Knopfler has since performed an arrangement of "Going Home (Theme of the Local Hero)" as an encore at many of his concerts. This tune borrows some melodic riffs from traditional songs. In his review of the album for AllMusic , William Ruhlmann wrote: Dire Straits leader Mark Knopfler's intricate, introspective fingerpicked guitar stylings make

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