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23-545: The arboretum was chartered in 1965 on the grounds of the antebellum "Lockerly" (originally " Rose Hill ") mansion (1852) constructed by Judge & Mrs. Daniel R. Tucker whose grounds were influenced by their friend A. J. Downing. In 1998, Col. Oliver N. Worley donated an additional 200 acres (0.81 km) to the foundation for an Environmental Education facility. The arboretum is a horticultural laboratory, with collections of azalea , camellia , conifers , holly , rhododendron , and viburnum , as well as daylily , iris , and

46-468: A flower festival in which the blooming of Tsutsuji is celebrated. Tatebayashi, Gunma is famous for its Azalea Hill Park, Tsutsuji-ga-oka. Nezu Shrine in Bunkyo, Tokyo , holds a Tsutsuji Matsuri from early April until early May. Higashi Village has hosted an azalea festival each year since 1976. The village's 50,000 azalea plants draw an estimated 60,000 to 80,000 visitors each year. Sobaeksan , one of

69-689: A greenhouse for cactus and tropical plants. The Rose Hill mansion was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2017. 33°03′40″N 83°13′35″W  /  33.06107°N 83.22633°W  / 33.06107; -83.22633 This article related to a garden in the United States is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This arboretum article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Baldwin County, Georgia state location article

92-608: A new species of Phytophthora , which they called Phytophthora abietivora . The fact that these scientists so readily discovered a new species further suggests that there could be many more species waiting to be discovered. Phytophthora species may reproduce sexually or asexually. In many species, sexual structures have never been observed, or have only been observed in laboratory matings. In homothallic species, sexual structures occur in single culture. Heterothallic species have mating strains, designated as A1 and A2. When mated, antheridia introduce gametes into oogonia , either by

115-620: A thickened cell wall to aid in their role as a survival structure. Sporangia may be retained by the subtending hyphae (noncaducous) or be shed readily by wind or water tension (caducous) acting as dispersal structures. Also, sporangia may release zoospores, which have two unlike flagella which they use to swim towards a host plant. Zoospores (and zoospores of Pythium , also in the Peronosporales) recognize not only hosts but particular locations on hosts. Phytophthora zoospores recognize and attach to specific root surface regions. This

138-876: Is a genus of plant-damaging oomycetes (water molds), whose member species are capable of causing enormous economic losses on crops worldwide, as well as environmental damage in natural ecosystems . The cell wall of Phytophthora is made up of cellulose. The genus was first described by Heinrich Anton de Bary in 1875. Approximately 210 species have been described, although 100–500 undiscovered Phytophthora species are estimated to exist. Phytophthora spp. are mostly pathogens of dicotyledons , and many are relatively host-specific parasites. Phytophthora cinnamomi , though, infects thousands of species ranging from club mosses , ferns , cycads , conifers , grasses , lilies , to members of many dicotyledonous families. Many species of Phytophthora are plant pathogens of considerable economic importance. Phytophthora infestans

161-605: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Azalea Azaleas ( / ə ˈ z eɪ l i ə / ə- ZAY -lee-ə ) are flowering shrubs in the genus Rhododendron , particularly the former sections Tsutsusi (evergreen) and Pentanthera (deciduous). Azaleas bloom in the spring (April and May in the temperate Northern Hemisphere, and October and November in the Southern Hemisphere), their flowers often lasting several weeks. Shade tolerant, they prefer living near or under trees. They are part of

184-468: Is a designated path, planted with azaleas in private gardens, through Mobile, Alabama . The Azalea Trail Run is an annual road running event held there in late March. Mobile, Alabama is also home to the Azalea Trail Maids , fifty women chosen to serve as ambassadors of the city while wearing antebellum dresses, who originally participated in a three-day festival, but now operate throughout

207-429: Is a high degree of specificity at an early stage of cell development. Phytophthora is sometimes referred to as a fungus -like organism, but it is classified under a different clade altogether: SAR supergroup (Harosa) (also under Stramenopila and previously under Chromista ). This is a good example of convergent evolution : Phytophthora is morphologically very similar to true fungi yet its evolutionary history

230-701: Is also highly toxic—it contains andromedotoxins in both its leaves and nectar, including honey from the nectar. Bees are deliberately fed on Azalea/ Rhododendron nectar in some parts of Turkey, producing a mind-altering, potentially medicinal, and occasionally lethal honey known as " mad honey ". Azalea is dangerous to pets, as, if consumed, the toxins within the plant tissue can cause central nervous system depression , which in turn can lead to multi-organ failure. Symptoms may include vomiting, diarrhea, seizures, laryngeal edema and heart rhythm disturbances, which can lead to complete cardiac arrest and therefore death. Acute kidney failure may also occur. Motoyama, Kōchi has

253-508: Is completely distinct. In contrast to fungi, SAR supergroup is more closely related to plants than to animals. Whereas fungal cell walls are made primarily of chitin , Phytophthora cell walls are constructed mostly of cellulose . Ploidy levels are different between these two groups; Phytophthora species have diploid (paired) chromosomes in the vegetative (growing, nonreproductive) stage of life, whereas fungi are almost always haploid in this stage. Biochemical pathways also differ, notably

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276-473: Is held in Ma On Shan , where six native species ( Rhododendron championae , Rhododendron farrerae , Rhododendron hongkongense , Rhododendron moulmainense , Rhododendron simiarum and Rhododendron simsii ) are found in the area. The festival has been held since 2004; it includes activities such as exhibitions, photo contests and carnivals. Many cities in the United States have festivals in

299-498: The 12 well-known Sobaek Mountains , lying on the border between Chungbuk Province and Gyeongbuk has a royal azalea ( Rhododendron schlippenbachii ) festival held on May every year. Sobaeksan has an azalea colony dotted around Biro mountaintop, Gukmang and Yonwha early in May. When royal azaleas have turned pink in the end of May, it looks like Sobaeksan wears a pink Jeogori (Korean traditional jacket). The Ma On Shan Azalea Festival

322-407: The azalea is known as "thinking of home bush" ( sixiang shu ), and is immortalized in the poetry of Du Fu . The azalea is also one of the symbols of the city of São Paulo , Brazil . Azaleas and rhododendrons were once so infamous for their toxicity that to receive a bouquet of their flowers in a black vase was a well-known death threat. In addition to being renowned for its beauty, the azalea

345-578: The early spring. Hand picking infected leaves is the recommended method of control. They can also be subject to Phytophthora root rot in moist, hot conditions. Azaleas share the economically important disease Phytophthora cinnamomi with more than 3000 other plants. Azaleas share the Azalea lace bug ( Stephanitis pyrioides ) with many other heath species. Shrewsbury & Raupp 2000 find azaleas can be protected from them by companion planting with an overstory above them. In Chinese culture,

368-543: The family Ericaceae . Plant enthusiasts have selectively bred azaleas for hundreds of years. This human selection has produced thousands of different cultivars which are propagated by cuttings. Azalea seeds can also be collected and germinated . Azaleas are generally slow-growing and do best in well-drained acidic soil (4.5–6.0 pH). Fertilizer needs are low. Some species need regular pruning . Azaleas are native to several continents including Asia, Europe and North America. They are planted abundantly as ornamentals in

391-480: The growth of resistant cultivars is the main management strategy. Other important Phytophthora diseases are: Research beginning in the 1990s has placed some of the responsibility for European forest die-back on the activity of imported Asian Phytophthoras . In 2019, scientists in Connecticut were conducting experiments testing various methods to grow healthier Fraser trees when they accidentally discovered

414-439: The oogonium passing through the antheridium (amphigyny) or by the antheridium attaching to the proximal (lower) half of the oogonium (paragyny), and the union producing oospores. Like animals, but not like most true fungi, meiosis is gametic , and somatic nuclei are diploid. Asexual (mitotic) spore types are chlamydospores , and sporangia which produce zoospores . Chlamydospores are usually spherical and pigmented, and may have

437-588: The plants for use in his estate garden. With encouragement from Charles Sprague Sargent from Harvard's Arnold Arboretum, Magnolia Gardens was opened to the public in 1871, following the American Civil War. Magnolia is one of the oldest public gardens in America. Since the late 19th century, in late March and early April, thousands visit to see the azaleas bloom in their full glory. Azalea leafy gall can be particularly destructive to azalea leaves during

460-519: The southeastern US, southern Asia, and parts of southwest Europe. According to azalea historian Fred Galle, in the United States, Azalea indica (in this case, the group of plants called Southern indicas) was first introduced to the outdoor landscape in the 1830s at the rice plantation Magnolia-on-the-Ashley in Charleston, South Carolina . From Philadelphia, where they were grown only in greenhouses , John Grimke Drayton (Magnolia's owner) imported

483-436: The spring celebrating the blooms of the azalea, including Summerville, South Carolina ; Hamilton, New Jersey ; Mobile, Alabama ; Jasper, Texas ; Tyler, Texas ; Norfolk, Virginia ; Wilmington, North Carolina ( North Carolina Azalea Festival ); Valdosta, Georgia ; Palatka, Florida ( Florida Azalea Festival ); Pickens, South Carolina ; Muskogee, Oklahoma ; Brookings, Oregon ; and Nixa, Missouri . The Azalea Trail

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506-668: The year. The Azalea Society of America designated Houston, Texas, an "azalea city". The River Oaks Garden Club has conducted the Houston Azalea Trail every spring since 1935. Valdosta, Georgia is called the Azalea City, as the plant grows in profusion there. The city hosts an annual Azalea Festival in March. Phytophthora See text Phytophthora (from Greek φυτόν ( phytón ), "plant" and φθορά ( phthorá ), "destruction"; "the plant-destroyer")

529-471: Was the infective agent of the potato blight that caused the Great Famine of Ireland , and still remains the most destructive pathogen of solanaceous crops, including tomato and potato. The soya bean root and stem rot agent, Phytophthora sojae , has also caused longstanding problems for the agricultural industry. In general, plant diseases caused by this genus are difficult to control chemically, thus

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