82-503: Loch Moidart is a sea loch in the district of Moidart in the Scottish Highlands . It is on the west coast of Scotland, and runs about 8 km (5 miles) eastward from the sea. It is connected to the sea by two narrow channels which are separated by the island of Eilean Shona , which in turn is nearly split in two by a narrow isthmus. The River Moidart enters the loch at its head, near the hamlet of Ardmolich. Various views of
164-856: A claimant to the Scottish throne , killed his chief rival to the kingship, John Comyn of Badenoch . Although the former seized the throne (as Robert I) by March, the English Crown immediately struck back, defeating his forces in June. By September, Robert I was a fugitive, and appears to have escaped into the Hebrides. According to a fourteenth-century chronicle, Ailéan's daughter, Cairistíona , played an instrumental part in Robert I's survival at this low point in his career, sheltering him along Scotland's western seaboard. Lachlann disappears from record in
246-880: A Scottish crown dependency – the Lordship of Garmoran – still ruled by the MacRory, until the sole MacRory heir was Amy of Garmoran . At around this time, Castle Tioram was built, in Loch Moidart, as the principal seat of the Lordship of Garmoran. Most of the remainder of the Kingdom of the Isles had become the Lordship of the Isles , ruled by the MacDonalds , whose leader, John of Islay , married Amy. After
328-584: A certain " Mac Ruaidri " were slain in the encounter. Although Ruaidhrí seems to have ensured the continuation of his kindred by formally coming to terms with Robert I and campaigning in Ireland with the latter's brother, there is evidence indicating that the Clann Ruaidhrí inheritance was contested by Cairistíona after his demise. Ruaidhrí was survived by a daughter, Áine , and an illegitimate son, Raghnall . The latter may well have been under age at
410-503: A certain " Roderici de Ylay " suffered the forfeiture of his possessions by Robert I. It is possible that this record refers to a member of Clann Ruaidhrí, and that it demonstrates the contrast of relations between Clann Ruaidhrí and the Scottish Crown in the 1320s and 1330s. If correct, the man in question may be identical to Raghnall himself, which could indicate that his forfeiture was related to Cairistíona's attempt to alienate
492-632: A degree of lawlessness in the region, John's grandson Donald was imprisoned. Donald was only released on condition of being obedient to the king, James VI , and the king's law; in return, James granted Donald a second charter to his lands. The Rough Bounds became a hotbed of Jacobite sympathy. Following the failure of the Jacobite rising of 1745 , it was the last part of Scotland in which Bonnie Prince Charlie found sanctuary. Finally leaving Scotland from Loch nan Uamh , he took seven prominent men with him, who despite their places of origin became known as
574-584: A distant Clann Somhairle kinsman, and thereby formed a significant part of the Clann Domhnaill Lordship of the Isles . There is reason to suspect that the lines of the family may have continued on, albeit in a much diminished capacity, with one apparent member holding power as late as the early fifteenth century. Clann Ruaidhrí was a branch of Clann Somhairle . Other branches of this overarching kindred included Clann Dubhghaill and Clann Domhnaill . The eponymous ancestor of Clann Ruaidhrí
656-520: A feud that stemmed from Cairistíona's contested inheritance and her connections with the Caimbéalaigh. Another family that may have benefited from connections from Clann Ruaidhrí was Clann Néill of Barra. In 1427, Giolla Adhamhnáin Mac Néill is recorded to have been granted Barra and Boisdale from Alasdair Mac Domhnaill, Lord of the Isles . Giolla Adhamhnáin's father was Ruaidhrí Mac Néill,
738-431: A line of descent from a Clann Ruaidhrí heiress. On one hand, this could indicate that Ruaidhrí Mac Néill's father, Murchadh Mac Néill, had married a daughter of Raghnall. On the other hand, Giolla Adhamhnáin's charter appears to indicate that the estates passed into the possession of his family by way of its descent from his maternal grandmother, a woman who could have been an heiress of Clann Ruaidhrí. Another possibility
820-411: A man who appears on record (without a territorial designation) in 1409. The fact that Ruaidhrí Mac Néill seems to be the first member of Clann Néill to have borne a name alluding to Clann Ruaidhrí, coupled with the fact that Giolla Adhamhnáin is known to have held Barra and Boisdale—insular territories formerly controlled by Clann Ruaidhrí—could indicate that Clann Néill's right to these lands came through
902-444: A reunified Kingdom of the Isles. Since the majority of Ruaidhrí's territories appear to have been mainland possessions, it is very likely that the Scottish Crown regarded this reunification as a threat to its own claims of overlordship of Argyll. Apprehension of this rejuvenated island realm may have been one of the factors that led to Ruaidhrí's apparent expulsion from Kintyre by the royal forces of Alexander II, King of Scotland in
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#1732793037448984-407: A revolt on Mann against the Scottish Crown, and Alexander III responded by sending a massive invasion force to restore royal authority. Of the recorded Scottish commanders, two were members of Clann Somhairle: Alasdair Mac Dubhghaill, Lord of Argyll , and Ailéan himself. The Clann Somhairle dimension to this campaign, as agents of the Scottish Crown's authority, clearly exemplifies the extent at which
1066-553: A rough footpath, it could only be accessed by a ferry running between Lochailort (at the north of Moidart) and Glenuig (in the west). It wasn't until 1988 that it became possible for residents to have a connection to the mains electricity supply. The remoteness ensured the persistence both of Catholicism, despite the Scottish Reformation , and of the Gaelic language. The area remained strongly Gaelic-speaking until
1148-446: Is also possible that Clann Ruaidhrí power had expanded into the coastal region of Kintail at some point after the death of William III's father in 1333, during a period when William III may have been either a minor or exiled from the country. Whatever the case, the earl seems to have had little choice but to relinquish his rights to Kintail to Raghnall. Bitterness between these two magnates appears to be evidenced in dramatic fashion by
1230-799: Is currently part of the district of Lochaber , in the Highland council area. It includes the townships of Dorlin , Kinlochmoidart and Glenuig . At Dorlin is Castle Tioram , a former fortress of Clann Ruaidhrí and the Clanranald branch of Clan Donald . Moidart forms part of the Morar, Moidart and Ardnamurchan National Scenic Area , one of 40 such areas in Scotland, which are defined so as to identify areas of exceptional scenery and to ensure its protection by restricting certain forms of development. Following raids by vikings , Moidart became part of
1312-417: Is evidence indicating that Clann Ruaidhrí continued on for several generations. Members of the family were noted gallowglasses in Ireland at about this time. One such man, the gallowglass commander of Toirdhealbhach Ó Conchobhair, King of Connacht was notably slain in 1342. The annal-entries noting this man are the last sources to specifically note Clann Ruaidhrí gallowglasses in Ireland. Nevertheless, there
1394-512: Is part of the remote and isolated area of Scotland , west of Fort William , known as the Rough Bounds . Moidart itself is almost surrounded by bodies of water. Loch Shiel cuts off the eastern boundary of the district (along a south-south-west to north-north-east line) and continues along part of the southern edge. The remainder of the southern edge is cut off by Loch Moidart . The north is cut off by Loch Morar and Loch Ailort . Moidart
1476-459: Is reason to suspect that a certain Eóghan—granted the thanage of Glen Tilt by Robert Stewart at some point before 1346—was an Irish-based brother of Raghnall and Áine, brought back to Scotland to serve the military forces of the expanding Steward. As in Scotland, it seems that the Clann Ruaidhrí ruling line dwindled and faded away in Ireland in the fourteenth century. Even so, the fact that
1558-582: The Seven Men of Moidart (the Second Duke of Atholl, Aeneas MacDonald – brother of the local Laird, Francis Strickland – an aristocratic English Recusant , George Kelly – Irish Presbyterian minister , and three officers from the French Royal Army 's Irish Brigade ); a commemorative row of beech trees was planted a century later. In an April 1787 letter from Moidart to
1640-704: The Congregation for Propaganda in Rome, Fr. Austin MacDonald wrote, "On account of the emigration of the people of Knoydart to Canada , along with their priest ; it fell to me in the autumn to attend to those who were left behind, and during the winter to the people of Moydart (sic) as well. Although not less than 600 Catholics went to America , still I administered the Sacraments to over 500 souls who remained. The overpopulation of these districts, together with
1722-581: The Kingdom of the Isles , a Norwegian dependency. It was in this period that Moidart acquired its name, from the Old Norse mod , meaning mud , and the Norse suffix -art , derived from fjord ; the whole name thus means muddy loch , and refers to Loch Moidart in particular (whose name is thus tautologous ). In the late 11th century, Malcolm III of Scotland made a written agreement with Magnus Barelegs ,
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#17327930374481804-486: The 1130s, Somerled launched a coup in the Kingdom of the Isles, which resulted in that kingdom joining his other possessions, as a single independent state. Upon Somerled's death, Norwegian authority was restored, but in practice, the kingdom was divided; the portion containing Moidart was known as Garmoran , and ruled by the MacRory , a faction among Somerled's heirs. Following the 1266 Treaty of Perth , Garmoran became
1886-550: The Clann Ruaidhrí estate from him and transfer it into the clutches of the Caimbéalaigh kindred (the Campbells). Another possibility is that the forfeiture was instead ratified in response to undesirable Clann Ruaidhrí expansion into certain neighbouring regions, such as the former territories of the disinherited Clann Dubhghaill. Although Cairistíona's resignation charter to Artúr is undated, it could date to just before
1968-487: The Clann Ruaidhrí estate passed to Eóin by right of Áine. Although the latter appears to have been either dead or divorced from Eóin by 1350, the Clann Ruaidhrí territories evidently remained in Clann Domhnaill possession after Eóin's subsequent marriage to Margaret, daughter of Robert Stewart, Steward of Scotland . David himself died in 1371, and was succeeded by his uncle, Robert Stewart (as Robert II). In 1372,
2050-466: The Crovan dynasty, an affiliation undertaken at some point before Ruaidhrí's expulsion from Kintyre. Another member of the kindred may have been Ruðri , a man who—with his two brothers—is recorded to have sworn allegiance to Hákon in 1263, and to have contributed to the latter's overseas campaign. Ruðri is stated to have claimed Bute as his birthright, and to have received possession of the island from
2132-441: The Crovan dynasty, then represented by the reigning Haraldr Óláfsson, King of the Isles . Whatever the case, it is possible that the events of 1247 and 1248 were related, and that Dubhghall and Eóghan sought to succeed Mac Somhairle's position in the Isles. It was only after the unexpected death of Haraldr in 1248 that Hákon sent Eóghan west over sea to temporarily take up the kingship of the Isles on his behalf. Eóghan, however,
2214-404: The English Crown in 1304. In this particular communiqué, William II recalled a costly military campaign which he had conducted in the 1290s against rebellious Hebridean chieftains—including Lachlann himself—at the behest of the then-reigning John (reigned 1292–1296). Ailéan seems to have died at some point before 1296. That year, Edward I, King of England invaded and conquered Scotland. One of
2296-533: The English in Ireland, and that he lost his life in the crushing Scottish defeat at the Battle of Faughart in 1318. According to the sixteenth-century Annals of Loch Cé , a certain " Mac Ruaidhri ri Innsi Gall " and a " Mac Domnaill, ri Oirir Gaidheal " were slain in the onslaught. This source is mirrored by several other Irish annals including the fifteenth- to sixteenth-century Annals of Connacht ,
2378-587: The English in Ireland. In 1258, Dubhghall is recorded to have clashed with and killed Jordan d'Exeter , the English Sheriff of Connacht. The following year, Aodh na nGall Ó Conchobhair , son of the Uí Conchobhair King of Connacht , is recorded to have married a daughter of Dubhghall, and to have received a tocher of one hundred and sixty gallowglass warriors commanded by Dubhghall's younger brother, Ailéan . Ailéan is, therefore, one of
2460-440: The Isles , in the latter's efforts to receive a papal dispensation to marry Raghnall's sister, Áine, in 1337. At the time, Raghnall and Eóin were apparently supporters of Edward Balliol , a claimant to the Scottish throne who held power in the realm from 1332 to 1336. By June 1343, however, both Raghnall and Eóin were reconciled with Edward's rival, the reigning son of Robert I, David II, King of Scotland , and Raghnall himself
2542-556: The Isles, and stubbornly refused to submit to the Scottish Crown. Although he is recorded to have continued the resistance, all came to naught when the Norwegian Crown was finally forced to transfer possession of the Isles to the Scottish Crown in 1266. Although it is possible that Dubhghall's power base had been located in Garmoran and perhaps Uist , there is uncertainty as to how and when these territories entered into
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2624-470: The Norwegian king upon the conclusion of his campaign of 1263. Mac Ruaidhrí, king of the islands, with bright cheek, lovely your head above your collar, it's your nature. — a fragment of poetry which appears to refer to a son of Ruaidhrí mac Ragnaill or a later member of Clann Ruaidhrí. This composition is one many preserved by a fourteenth-century tract on metrical faults, and appears to be
2706-403: The Norwegian king, which moved the border to the coast; Moidart thus became Scottish. In the early 12th century, Somerled , a Norse-Gael of uncertain origin, came into possession of Moidart and the surrounding region; no reliable record explains how this happened, but at some point in the 1140s, David I of Scotland 's control of the region had been eroded. In the early part of the century, in
2788-653: The Norwegians rejected the offer, the Scots are recorded to have lashed out against the Islesmen in a particularly savage assault upon the inhabitants of Skye. Thus provoked, Hákon assembled an enormous fleet to reassert Norwegian sovereignty along the north and western coast of Scotland. In July 1263, this armada disembarked from Norway, and by mid August, Hákon reaffirmed his overlordship in Shetland and Orkney , forced
2870-440: The Scottish Crown. Ruaidhrí's provincial lordship encompassed the mainland territories of Moidart , Arisaig , Morar , and Knoydart ; and the island territories of Rhum, Eigg, Barra, St Kilda , and Uist. This dominion, like the great lordships of Annandale and Galloway , was comparable to any of the kingdom's thirteen earldoms. There is evidence to suggest that Ruaidhrí assisted the Scottish Crown in its campaigning against
2952-569: The Scottish king's most ardent supporters had been Alasdair Mac Dubhghaill, a fact which appears to have led Edward I to use the former's chief rival, Alasdair Óg Mac Domhnaill, Lord of Islay , as his principal agent in the maritime west. In this capacity, this Clann Domhnaill chief attempted to contain the Clann Dubhghaill revolt against English authority. The struggle between the two Clann Somhairle namesakes seems to be documented in two undated letters from Alasdair Óg to Edward I. Whilst
3034-478: The Scottish king's untimely death in July 1249. Eóghan appears to have been utterly dispossessed by the Scots a result of their invasion. In fact, his apparent displacement could well have upended the hierarchy of Clann Somhairle. For instance, within the very year that Eóghan was forced from Argyll by the Scots, Dubhghall is recorded to have "took kingship" in the Isles. This record could reveal that Dubhghall assumed
3116-460: The area, and HMS Dorlin was established at Dorlin, and used for training of Royal Navy Beach Signals and Royal Signals sections. 56°49′12″N 5°41′46″W / 56.820°N 5.696°W / 56.820; -5.696 Clann Ruaidhri Clann Ruaidhrí was a leading medieval clan in the Hebrides and the western seaboard of Scotland. The eponymous ancestor of the family
3198-480: The assassination of Raghnall and several of his followers at the hands of the earl and his adherents. Raghnall's murder, at Elcho Priory in October 1346, is attested by several non-contemporaneous sources. At the time of his demise, Raghnall had been obeying the king's muster at Perth , in preparation for the Scots' imminent invasion of England. Following the deed, William III deserted the royal host, and fled to
3280-505: The birth of three sons, he divorced Amy and married the king's niece, in return for a substantial dowry . As part of the arrangement, John deprived his eldest son, Ranald , of the ability to inherit the Lordship of the Isles, in favour of a son by his new wife; as compensation, he made Ranald the Lord of Garmoran. However, at the end of the 14th century, on Ranald's death, his sons were still children, and Ranald's younger brother Godfrey took
3362-470: The charter. Following Hugh of Sleat's death, in 1498, and for reasons that are not remotely clear, his son John immediately resigned, transferring all authority to the king. In 1532, the king granted Moidart to the leader of Clan Ranald, John Moidartach . The charter granting him the lands also acknowledged his ownership of the lands of his former uncle, Ranald Bane , who had been granted the adjacent lands of Arisaig some 30 years earlier. In 1609, following
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3444-509: The chief of Clann Dubhghaill, Eóghan Mac Dubhghaill , both travelled to Norway seeking the kingship of the northern Suðreyjar from Hákon Hákonarson, King of Norway . Although the entirety of the Suðreyjar roughly encompassed the Hebrides and Mann , the precise jurisdiction which Dubhghall and Eóghan competed for is uncertain. For example, the northern Hebridean islands of Lewis and Harris and Skye appear to have been held by
3526-529: The context of supporting the Irish interests of Rǫgnvaldr Guðrøðarson, King of the Isles , who seems to have been under pressure at about this period. It is also possible that the raids were conducted in specific regard to the interests of both the Scottish and English Crowns, and particularly aimed at limiting Irish support of the Meic Uilleim , a discontented rival branch of the Scottish royal family. By
3608-477: The earl's absence, and that both sought to incorporate the islands into their own lordships. In specific regard to Clann Ruaidhrí, it is likely that their campaigning was an extension of the conflict originating from the creation of the shrievalty of Ross in 1293. There is further evidence of Clann Ruaidhrí cooperation with the Comyns in the years 1299 and 1304. Two years later, Robert Bruce VII, Earl of Carrick ,
3690-574: The earliest known warriors of this type. Along with Dubhghall's naval operations of the previous year, the marital alliance between the Uí Conchobhair and Clann Ruaidhrí appears to have formed part of a carefully coordinated plan to tackle English power in the north west of Ireland. Nevertheless, Aodh na nGall and his allies were utterly crushed in battle in 1260, a conflict in which the Clann Ruaidhrí gallowglasses may well have fought. The year after Mac Somhairle's death in 1247, Dubhghall and
3772-466: The early 1220s. There is reason to suspect that Ruaidhrí is identical to the Clann Somhairle dynast, named in surviving sources only as Mac Somhairle, who was killed whilst resisting an English invasion of Tír Chonaill in 1247. Immediately after this event, Clann Ruaidhrí was certainly represented by Ruaidhrí's son, Dubhghall . Under the later, the kindred certainly involved itself against
3854-466: The family continued into later centuries appears to be evidenced by the fifteenth-century executions of Alasdair Mac Ruaidhrí and Eóin Mac Artair, chieftains said to have commanded one thousand men apiece. The attempt by Cairistíona to divert the Clann Ruaidhrí lordship into the hands of Artúr Caimbéal, almost a century before, could indicate that Alasdair Mac Ruaidhrí and Eóin Mac Artair had continued
3936-403: The father of the brides. The marital alliance appears to have been orchestrated in an effort to patch up relations between Clann Somhairle and the Crovan dynasty, neighbouring kindreds who had bitterly contested the kingship of the Isles for about sixty years. It is possible that Rǫgnvaldr's kingship was formally recognised by Ruaidhrí, who thereby established himself as a leading magnate within
4018-687: The first reveals that Clann Ruaidhrí warred against Clann Domhnaill with Clann Dubhghaill, the latter letter corroborates this alignment and violence, and also evinces cooperation with the Comyn kindred as well. These dispatches seem to reveal that Lachlann and Ruaidhrí were focused upon seizing control of Skye and Lewis and Harris from the absentee Earl of Ross, a man who endured imprisonment in England from 1296 to 1303. The bitter strife between Clann Ruaidhrí and Clann Domhnaill depicted by these letters seems to indicate that both kindreds sought to capitalise on
4100-462: The forfeiture. The list of witnesses who attested this grant is remarkable, and may reveal that the charter had royal approval. These men all seem to have been close adherents of Robert I against Clann Dubhghaill, and all represented families of power along the western seaboard. An alliance of such men may well have been an intimidating prospect to the Clann Ruaidhrí leadership. In fact, the forfeiture could have been personally reinforced by Robert I, as
4182-412: The initiative in the following year, and oversaw a series of invasions into the Isles and northern Scotland. Recognising this dramatic shift in royal authority, Magnús Óláfsson, King of Mann and the Isles submitted to Alexander III within the year, and in so doing, symbolised the complete collapse of Norwegian sovereignty in the Isles. Dubhghall, on the other hand, contrasted many of his compatriots from
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#17327930374484264-487: The insurrection caused by his own cousin , King James I demanded that highland magnates should attend a meeting at Inverness . On arrival, many of the leaders were seized and imprisoned. Alexander MacGorrie, son of Godfrey, was considered to be one of the two most reprehensible, and after a quick showtrial , was immediately executed. As Alexander had by now inherited Godfrey's de facto position as Lord of Garmoran, and in view of Ranald's heirs being no less responsible for
4346-402: The kindred had been incorporated into Scottish realm. In 1284, Ailéan was one of the many Scottish magnates who attended a government council at Scone which acknowledged Margaret , granddaughter of Alexander III, as the king's rightful heir. The inclusion of Ailéan, and two of his Clann Somhairle kinsmen—Alasdair Mac Dubhghaill and Aonghus Mór mac Domhnaill, Lord of Islay —further illustrates
4428-602: The kindred's incorporation within the Scottish realm. In 1293, in an effort to maintain peace in the western reaches of his realm, John, King of Scotland established the shrievalties of Skye and Lorn . The former region—consisting of Wester Ross , Glenelg , Skye, Lewis and Harris, Uist, Barra , Eigg , Rhum , and the Small Isles —was given to William II, Earl of Ross , whilst the latter region—consisting of Argyll (except Cowal and Kintyre ), Mull , Jura and Islay —was given to Alasdair Mac Dubhghaill. Despite
4510-587: The king seems to have travelled to Tarbert Castle —a royal stronghold in Kintyre —within the same year. Unlike the First War of Scottish Independence , in which Clann Ruaidhrí participated, Raghnall and his family are not known to have taken part in the second war (from 1332 to 1341). In fact, Raghnall certainly appears on record by 1337, when he aided his third cousin, Eóin Mac Domhnaill I, Lord of
4592-463: The king's intentions, his new sheriffs seem to have used their positions to exploit royal power against local rivals. Whilst Clann Domhnaill was forced to deal with their powerful Clann Dubhghaill rivals, Clann Ruaidhrí appears to have fallen afoul of the Earl of Ross over control of Kintail, Skye, and Uist. Evidence of the earl's actions against Clann Ruaidhrí is revealed in correspondence between him and
4674-465: The kingship from a severely weakened Eóghan. With the death of Alexander II in 1249, the Scottish invasion of the Argyll and the Isles came to an abrupt end. About a decade later, the latter's son and royal successor, Alexander III , came of age and took steps to continue his father's westward expansion. In 1261, the Scottish Crown sent envoys to Norway offering to purchase the Hebrides from Hákon. Once
4756-627: The loch have featured as an Apple TV screensaver since 2021. The A861 runs along the loch's northern shore; it is a remote circuitous route which connects to the A830 at both ends, without passing through any significant settlements. 56°47′31″N 5°48′07″W / 56.792°N 5.802°W / 56.792; -5.802 This Highland location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Moidart Moidart ( / ˈ m ɔɪ d ɑːr t / MOY -dart ; Scottish Gaelic : Mùideart [ˈmuːitʲarˠʃt̪] )
4838-556: The lordship after Cairistíona's resignation of her own claims. There is reason to suspect that Cairistíona's stake in the lordship posed a potential threat to Ruaidhrí and his descendants. Certainly she was married to a member of the comital family of Mar, a kindred that was in turn related in marriage to Robert I and his family. Furthermore, Cairistíona and her husband had a son, Ruaidhrí, who potentially could have sought royal assistance in pursuance of his mother's claims. The name Cairistíona bestowed upon this son could indicate that he
4920-434: The mid 20th century – in the 1881 census, around 90% of the population were able to speak Gaelic and over a third unable to speak English, though by 2001 the share of Gaelic speakers had declined to under 15% of habitual residents. The lack of connectivity before the 1960s also made the area an ideal training location for special operational units during World War II . Several SOE paramilitary training bases were sited in
5002-469: The most powerful families on the western coast. On the other hand, the fact that Cairistíona—a close personal ally of Robert I—had been superseded by Ruaidhrí—a man with a comparatively chequered career—could indicate that the latter's consolidation of control was instead the result of internal family politics. Whatever the case, Ruaidhrí was likely already regarded as the rightful chief, and the charter itself undeniably brought him under feudal dependence of
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#17327930374485084-543: The north-western Scottish coast and into the Hebrides. As a leading force in the Kingdom of the Isles, the family fiercely opposed Scottish authority. With the collapse of Norwegian hegemony in the region, the family nimbly integrated itself into the Kingdom of Scotland. Members of Clann Ruaidhrí distinguished themselves in the First War of Scottish Independence , opposing adherents of both the English and Scottish Crowns. Like other branches of Clann Somhairle, Clann Ruaidhrí
5166-458: The opportunity to seize the Lordship of Garmoran. Furthermore, the heirs of Ranald's other brother Murdoch now made their own claim. This involved Godfrey's family (the Siol Gorrie ) and those of his brothers in a great deal of violent conflict which is not described in much detail in surviving records. In 1427, frustrated with the level of violence generally in the highlands, together with
5248-566: The oppression of the landlords, are the principal causes of the departure of so many, not only among the Catholics, but also among the Protestants." Unlike many other areas of Jacobite sympathy, no attempt was made to establish a military road into Moidart, and it remained without road access until the A861 was built, in 1966 (after receiving approval in 1963 ). Prior to that, other than
5330-500: The possession of his family. Later leading members of Clann Ruaidhrí certainly possessed these lands, but evidence of custody before the mid thirteenth century is lacking. In theory, these territories could have been taken over by the kindred —perhaps awarded to them—following the Scots' acquisition of the Isles in 1266. On the other hand, the family's position in Garmoran and the Hebrides may have stemmed from its marital alliance with
5412-475: The rapid fracturing of Clann Somhairle into rival segments. Ruaidhrí was probably the senior of Raghnall's sons. Whilst Ruaidhrí is likely one of the unnamed sons of Raghnall who is recorded to have campaigned with Thomas fitz Roland, Earl of Atholl against the Irish in 1211/1212, he is certainly reported to have assisted Thomas in the ravaging of Derry and surrounding countryside in 1213/1214. On one hand, these seaborne operations may have been undertaken in
5494-494: The recently crowned king confirmed Eóin's rights to the former Clann Ruaidhrí territories. The year after that, Robert II confirmed Eóin's grant of these lands to Raghnall Mac Domhnaill —Eóin and Áine's eldest surviving son —a man apparently named after Raghnall himself. Raghnall Mac Domhnaill went on to become the eponymous ancestor of the Clann Raghnaill branch of Clann Domhnaill. Although severely diminished, there
5576-458: The safety of his domain. Although he was later to pay dearly for this act of disloyalty, the episode itself evidences the earl's determination to deal with the threat of encroachment of Clann Ruaidhrí power into what he regarded as his own domain. Despite this dramatic removal of William III's main rival, the most immediate beneficiary of the killing was Eóin, a man who was also William III's brother-in-law. Following Raghnall's death, control of
5658-520: The second decade of the century, and seems to have been succeeded by his brother, Ruaidhrí. Although Cairistíona was Ailéan's sole legitimate offspring, it is unlikely that members of Clann Ruaidhrí would have regarded legitimate birth as the sole qualification of succession. In fact, as the leading male member of Clann Ruaidhrí, it is probable that Ruaidhrí himself possessed control of the kindred's wide-ranging territories. Nevertheless, Ruaidhrí seems to have only gained formal recognition of his rights to
5740-555: The second decade of the thirteenth century, Ruaidhrí may have been the principal member of Clann Somhairle, and appears to have overseen an important marital alliance with the two foremost members of the Crovan dynasty . For example, Rǫgnvaldr, and his younger half-brother Óláfr , are recorded to have married the daughters of an unidentified nobleman from Kintyre, and the fact that Ruaidhrí and his father are known to have been styled Lord of Kintyre suggests that either man could have been
5822-510: The seventeenth-century Annals of the Four Masters , the fifteenth- to sixteenth-century Annals of Ulster , and the seventeenth-century Annals of Clonmacnoise . The precise identities of the men named by such sources are unknown for certain, although they seem to have been the heads of Clann Ruaidhrí and Clann Domhnaill, and the former man may well have been Ruaidhrí himself. Another major engagement that featured Clann Ruaidhrí
5904-458: The submission of Caithness , and arrived in the Hebrides. Both Dubhghall and Ailéan are recorded to have played a significant part in Hákon's campaign against the Scots. Although a near contemporary Scandinavian source declares that the operation was an overwhelming triumph, it seems to have been an utter failure instead. Not only had Hákon failed to break Scottish power, but Alexander III seized
5986-474: The time of Ruaidhrí's death, and it is apparent that Cairistíona and her confederates attempted to seize control of the inheritance. Although Cairistíona is recorded to have resigned her claimed rights to a certain Artúr Caimbéal after Ruaidhrí's death, it is clear that Raghnall eventually succeeded in securing the region, and was regarded as the chief of Clann Ruaidhrí by most of his kin. In 1325,
6068-673: The violence, King James declared the Lordship forfeit. In 1469, James' grandson ( James III ) granted Lairdship of the lands of Garmoran and Uist to John , the Lord of the Isles. In turn, John passed it to his own half-brother, Hugh of Sleat ; the grant to Hugh was confirmed by the king in a 1493 charter. The violence that led to Alexander's execution had brought the Siol Gorrie to the brink of extinction, and after Alexander's death they played no further part in Moidart's history. Ranald's heirs ( Clan Ranald ) disputed and fought against
6150-439: The work of poets employed by the ruling families of the Hebrides. In the wake of the Scots' acquisition of the Isles, and Dubhghall's death within the decade, Clann Ruaidhrí disappears from the Scottish historical record. When the kindred finally reemerges in 1275, it is in the person of Ailéan himself, by then a prominent Scottish magnate, and representative of Clann Ruaidhrí. That year, Magnús' illegitimate son, Guðrøðr , led
6232-439: Was Ruaidhrí mac Raghnaill , a principal member of Clann Somhairle in the thirteenth century. Members of Clann Ruaidhrí were factors in both the histories of the Kingdom of the Isles and the Kingdom of Scotland in the thirteenth- and fourteenth centuries. The family appears to have held power in Kintyre in the thirteenth century. By the fourteenth century, the family controlled an extensive provincial lordship stretching along
6314-405: Was Ruaidhrí mac Raghnaill, Lord of Argyll , a paternal grandson of Somhairle mac Giolla Brighde, King of the Isles , the common ancestor of Clann Somhairle. Ruaidhrí's father, Raghnall mac Somhairle , was also the father of Domhnall mac Raghnaill , eponym of Clann Domhnaill. Somhairle's abrupt death in battle in 1164, coupled with the vast territorial extent of his offspring, may account for
6396-403: Was a noted exporter of gallowglass warriors into Ireland. The mid fourteenth century saw the diminishment of the family in both Scotland and Ireland. The last Irish gallowglass captain appears on record in 1342, whilst the last great chief of the family was assassinated in 1346. Following the latter's death, the Clann Ruaidhrí lordship passed into the possession of the chief of Clann Domhnaill ,
6478-417: Was confirmed in the Clann Ruaidhrí lordship by the king. At about this time, Raghnall received the rights to Kintail from William III, Earl of Ross , a transaction which was confirmed by the king that July. There is reason to suspect that the king's recognition of this grant may have been intended as a regional counterbalance of sorts, since he also diverted the rights to Skye from Eóin to William III. It
6560-410: Was not only a Norwegian dependant in the Isles, but an eminent Scottish magnate on the mainland. Although the Scottish Crown appears to have attempted to purchase the Isles earlier that decade, Eóghan's acceptance of Hákon's commission led Alexander II to unleash an invasion of Argyll in the summer of 1249, directed at the very heart of the Clann Dubhghaill lordship. The unfolding crisis only ended with
6642-419: Was not only named after his maternal grandfather, but that he was regarded as a potential successor to the Clann Ruaidhrí lordship. Cairistíona resigned her claims with the condition that, if her brother died without a male heir, her like-named son would secure the inheritance. On one hand, it is possible that the king orchestrated Ruaidhrí's succession to the lordship as a means of securing support from one of
6724-550: Was the final defeat of Ruaidhrí Ó Conchobair, King of Connacht at the hands of Feidhlimidh Ó Conchobair , when a certain Donnchadh Mac Ruaidhrí and one hundred gallowglasses fell with the king. One set of annals describes the fallen gallowglasses as "noble". The following year, in 1317, Clann Ruaidhrí was a participant in another crushing defeat, when the forces of Connacht vanquished those of Bréifne . According to one set of annals, seven score gallowglasses of
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