Misplaced Pages

#421578

52-589: The studio features four main sound stages ranging from 13,000 to 47,000 square feet (1,200 to 4,400 m), eight "meganova" sound stages, 200 acres of backlot, a two-and-a-quarter mile test track, and an off-road course. In 2021, Netflix signed a long-term lease deal with Aviva Investors to expand operations and invest in Longcross Studios. The studios are built on the site of a 150-year-old manor house in Chobham Common . From 1942 to 2005

104-428: A moisture barrier such as housewrap or felt paper inside the cladding provides a second line of defense and sometimes a drainage plane or air gap allows a path for the moisture to drain down through and exit the wall. Sometimes ventilation is provided in addition to the drainage plane such as in rainscreen construction. Face-sealed also called barrier wall or perfect barrier cladding relies on maintaining

156-726: A barrier (to cattle, for example). Before the invention of artillery , many of the world's cities and towns, particularly in Europe and Asia, had defensive or protective walls (also called town walls or city walls). In fact, the English word "wall" derives from Latin vallum —a type of fortification wall. These walls are no longer relevant for defense, so such cities have grown beyond their walls, and many fortification walls, or portions of them, have been torn down—for example in Rome , Italy and Beijing , China . Examples of protective walls on

208-455: A building facade that is not load-bearing but provides decoration, finish, front, face, or historical preservation. Precast walls are walls which have been manufactured in a factory and then shipped to where it is needed, ready to install. It is faster to install compared to brick and other walls and may have a lower cost compared to other types of wall. Precast walls are cost effective compare to Brick Wall compound wall. Mullion walls are

260-550: A building. The minimum fire resistance and sound resistance required for the party wall is determined by a building code and may be modified to suit a variety of situations. Ownership of such walls can become a legal issue. It is not a load-bearing wall and may be owned by different people. An infill wall is the supported wall that closes the perimeter of a building constructed with a three-dimensional framework structure. Fire walls resist spread of fire within or sometimes between structures to provide passive fire protection. A delay in

312-402: A colossal fortification, made of ice and fortified with magic spells; as a cultural barrier; and as a codification of assumptions. Breaches of the wall, who is allowed to cross it and who is not, and its destruction have important symbolic, logistical, and socio-political implications in the storyline. Reportedly over 700 feet high and 100 leagues (300 miles) wide, it divides the northern border of

364-464: A deal to expand operations and invest in stages and facilities at Longcross Studios. Aviva Investors also acquired the remaining £45 million ($ 61.5m) stake from Crest Nicholson. 51°22′54.3″N 0°35′34.2″W  /  51.381750°N 0.592833°W  / 51.381750; -0.592833 Sound stages A sound stage (also written soundstage ) is a large, soundproof structure, building or room with large doors and high ceilings, used for

416-481: A leak-free surface of the cladding. Examples of face sealed cladding are the early exterior insulation finishing systems , structural glazing, metal clad panels, and corrugated metal. Building walls frequently become works of art, externally and internally, such as when featuring mosaic work or when murals are painted on them; or as design foci when they exhibit textures or painted finishes for effect. In architecture and civil engineering , curtain wall refers to

468-720: A metaphorical wall to represent the isolation felt by the protagonist of their 1979 concept album The Wall . The American poet laureate Robert Frost describes a pointless rock wall as a metaphor for the myopia of the culture-bound in his poem " Mending Wall ", published in 1914. Walls are a recurring symbol in Ursula K. Le Guin 's 1974 novel The Dispossessed '. In some cases, a wall may refer to an individual's debilitating mental or physical condition, seen as an impassable barrier. In George R. R. Martin 's A Song of Ice and Fire series and its television adaptation, Game of Thrones , The Wall plays multiple important roles: as

520-460: A much larger scale include the Great Wall of China and Hadrian's Wall . Some walls formally mark the border between one population and another. A border wall is constructed to limit the movement of people across a certain line or border . These structures vary in placement with regard to international borders and topography . The most famous example of border barrier in history is probably

572-404: A reinforced partition wall. Partition walls constructed from fibre cement backer board are popular as bases for tiling in kitchens or in wet areas like bathrooms. Galvanized sheet fixed to wooden or steel members are mostly adopted in works of temporary character. Plain or reinforced partition walls may also be constructed from concrete, including pre-cast concrete blocks. Metal framed partitioning

SECTION 10

#1732793653422

624-411: A series of individual toughened glass panels mounted in wood or metal framing. They may be suspended from or slide along a robust aluminium ceiling track. The system does not require the use of a floor guide, which allows easy operation and an uninterrupted threshold. A timber partition consists of a wooden framework, supported on the floor or by side walls. Metal lath and plaster, properly laid, forms

676-409: A set is painted, the set dresser furnishes it with everything that the set designer , under the direction of the art director , has selected for the interior. On a sound stage, the camera may be placed exactly where the director wants it. Achieving the desired lighting is easier because each stage has a metal framework with catwalks and lights suspended from the ceiling . This makes it easier for

728-410: A ship, a wall that separates major compartments is called a bulkhead . A thinner wall between cabins is called a partition . Boundary walls include privacy walls, boundary-marking walls on property, and town walls. These intergrade into fences . The conventional differentiation is that a fence is of minimal thickness and often open in nature, while a wall is usually more than a nominal thickness and

780-488: A sound stage entails an expensive process, but working on a sound stage saves time when setting up for production as long as access to all of the necessary technical equipment, personnel, and supplies is readily available. As all the scenes can be filmed on the sets inside the sound stage, using it also eliminates having to move the production from location to location. With the use of bluescreen or greenscreen techniques (whereby backgrounds are inserted electronically behind

832-463: A space as part of the building envelope along with a roof to give buildings form; and to provide shelter and security. In addition, the wall may house various types of utilities such as electrical wiring or plumbing . Wall construction falls into two basic categories: framed walls or mass-walls . In framed walls the load is transferred to the foundation through posts, columns or studs. Framed walls most often have three or more separate components:

884-517: A structural system that carries the load of the floor slab on prefabricated panels around the perimeter. A partition wall is a usually thin wall that is used to separate or divide a room , primarily a pre-existing one. Partition walls are usually not load-bearing , and can be constructed out of many materials, including steel panels, bricks, cloth, plastic , plasterboard , wood , blocks of clay, terracotta , concrete , and glass. Some partition walls are made of sheet glass. Glass partition walls are

936-403: A typical green/blue screen for chroma keying by displaying the solid color behind the performers. Having a physical space where actors can see their environment and inform their performances accordingly is something that most greenscreen sets lack. The controlled visual environment also allows directors and cinematographers the ability to better create mise-en-scène , with greater control over

988-439: A wall on one side will break the wall on the other side. Portable walls, such as room dividers or portable partitions divide a larger open space into smaller rooms. Portable walls can be static, such as cubicle walls, or can be wall panels mounted on casters to provide an easy way to reconfigure assembly space. They are often found inside schools, churches, convention centers, hotels, and corporate facilities. A temporary wall

1040-477: Is a structure and a surface that defines an area; carries a load; provides security , shelter , or soundproofing ; or, is decorative. There are many kinds of walls, including: The term wall comes from the Latin vallum meaning "an earthen wall or rampart set with palisades , a row or line of stakes, a wall, a rampart, fortification", while the Latin word murus means a defensive stone wall. English uses

1092-406: Is a stage that is surrounded (in varying degrees) by screens that extend the set. These screens, most commonly large arrays of LEDs , show a version of the set that was constructed in 3D (using software such as Unreal Engine ) that tracks its motion in real time with camera movement. A static display can function similarly for a still camera, given there is no parallax . However, these volumes allow

SECTION 20

#1732793653422

1144-529: Is also available. This partition consists of track (used primarily at the base and head of the partition) and studs (vertical sections fixed into the track typically spaced at 24", 16", or at 12"). Internal wall partitions, also known as office partitioning, are usually made of plasterboard (drywall) or varieties of glass. Toughened glass is a common option, as low-iron glass (better known as opti-white glass ) increases light and solar heat transmission. Wall partitions are constructed using beads and tracking that

1196-466: Is completely closed, or opaque. More to the point, an exterior structure of wood or wire is generally called a fence —but one of masonry is a wall. A common term for both is barrier , which is convenient for structures that are partly wall and partly fence—for example the Berlin Wall . Another kind of wall-fence ambiguity is the ha-ha —which is set below ground level to protect a view, yet acts as

1248-620: Is constructed for easy removal or demolition. A typical temporary wall can be constructed with 1⁄2" (6 mm) to 5⁄8" (16 mm) sheet rock (plasterboard), metal 2 × 3s (approx. 5 × 7 cm), or 2 × 4s, or taped, plastered and compounded. Most installation companies use lattice (strips of wood) to cover the joints of the temporary wall with the ceiling. These are sometimes known as pressurized walls or temporary pressurized walls. Walls are often seen in popular culture, oftentimes representing barriers preventing progress or entry. For example: The progressive/psychedelic rock band Pink Floyd used

1300-463: Is either hung from the ceiling or fixed into the ground. The panels are inserted into the tracking and fixed. Some wall partition variations specify their fire resistance and acoustic performance rating. Movable partitions are walls that open to join two or more rooms into one large floor area. These include: Party walls are walls that separate buildings or units within a building. They provide fire resistance and sound resistance between occupants in

1352-587: The Great Wall of China , a series of walls that separated the Empire of China from nomadic powers to the north. The most prominent recent example is the Berlin Wall , which surrounded the enclave of West Berlin and separated it from East Germany for most of the Cold War era. The US-Mexico border wall, separating the United States and Mexico, is another recent example. In areas of rocky soils around

1404-588: The James Bond film Skyfall (2012), ITV crime drama Broadchurch (2013-17), and the Marvel Studios production Doctor Strange in The Multiverse of Madness (2022). The rise of streaming services such as Disney+ , Netflix , and Amazon Prime and the increased demand for original content has led to a spike in demand for production real estate and sound stages . In order to respond to

1456-411: The cinematographer to have the grips position each flag or bounce and the lighting technicians to position each light to get exactly the correct lighting for every shot. Television production generally uses multiple cameras, and cinema production generally uses a single camera. This is not universally true because the choice varies very much on what the director is trying to achieve. Rental of

1508-600: The Seven Kingdoms realm from the domain of the wildlings and several categories of undead who live beyond it. In a real-life example, the Berlin Wall , constructed by the Soviet Union to divide Berlin into NATO and Warsaw Pact zones of occupation, became a worldwide symbol of oppression and isolation. Another common usage is as a communal surface to write upon. For instance the social networking site Facebook previously used an electronic "wall" to log

1560-548: The actors in the finished film) and a sound stage, extensive control of the production process is achieved. In audio recording , the term soundstage refers to the depth and richness of the recording, and usually relates to the playback process. According to audiophiles , the quality of the playback is very much dependent upon how one is able to pick out different instruments, voices, vocal parts, and such exactly where they are located on an imaginary, two- or three-dimensional field. The quality of this soundstage can enhance not only

1612-462: The advent of electric lights, enclosed stages were built in Hollywood and rapidly converted to sound stages with many mattresses placed on the walls. With the coming of the talkies in the late 1920s, it became necessary to enclose and fully soundproof these stages to eliminate noise and distractions from outside, including limiting access. The ceilings and walls of the building containing

Longcross Studios - Misplaced Pages Continue

1664-443: The amount of tedious rotoscoping work required in post-production to cut out what was not picked up by chroma keying. The downside to this setup is that unlike with greenscreen, whatever was filmed is final in terms of visual environment (as is the case with filming on any normal set or location). By contrast, a greenscreen film segment can essentially be swapped to anything at any point in post-production. Wall A wall

1716-461: The audio recording equipment. A sound stage traditionally has a large red light above or next to each exterior door. When the light starts blinking, it means shooting is in progress . Anyone who opens the door at that point will introduce external sound and light and ruin the take in progress. When a studio is home to multiple sound stages, they tend to all look alike from the outside: giant beige box-shaped buildings. Sound stages are marked on

1768-448: The demand, Longcross Studios has built a new type of sound stages with Serious Stages, a concert stage and temporary building construction company. The "meganova" stages are built to purpose and can be built in three months versus 12–18 months of traditional sound stages. A number of productions are already taking advantage of the new stages, including the upcoming Mission Impossible films. In 2021, Netflix and Aviva Investors signed

1820-428: The dialogue and other sounds are recorded as a separate operation. This separate operation usually involves the principal actors doing synchronized dialogue replacement voice recordings over a working cut of the film, specialized language actors doing a secondary language dubbing or for the filming of special effects. A sound stage, unlike a silent stage, requires caution to avoid making noise anywhere within range of

1872-425: The exterior with large numbers to help distinguish them. An enclosed stage makes it easier for the crew of a production to design and build the sets to exact specifications, precise scale, and detail. The art director of a production makes an architectural plan and carpenters build it. On a film, the head electrician is credited as the gaffer and the assistant as the best boy , regardless of gender. After

1924-407: The listener's involvement in the recording, but also their overall perception of the stage. The latest technology and software can render basic previsualisation effects into scenes in real time while recording, before post-production , with the use of sensors detecting the position of actors and elements, in the staging of the frame. The director during filming can view what the composition of

1976-413: The local building and/or fire codes. There are three basic methods walls control water intrusion: moisture storage, drained cladding, or face-sealed cladding. Moisture storage is typical of stone and brick mass-wall buildings where moisture is absorbed and released by the walls of the structure itself. Drained cladding also known as screened walls acknowledges moisture will penetrate the cladding so

2028-529: The main difference between the two is that sound stages are used for dialogue scenes, but silent stages are not. An alternative to production sound is to record additional dialogue during post-production (known as dubbing ). Structures of this type were in use in the motion picture industry before the advent of sound recording . Early stages for silent movies were built, either as a three-wall open-roof set, or with large skylights, until electric lighting became powerful enough to expose film adequately. With

2080-412: The other side. A dike is a retaining wall, as is a levee , a load-bearing foundation wall, and a sea wall . Special laws often govern walls that neighbouring properties share. Typically, one neighbour cannot alter the common wall if it is likely to affect the building or property on the other side. A wall may also separate apartment or hotel rooms from each other. Each wall has two sides and breaking

2132-404: The picture is with basic digital objects and surfaces included and how it appears, assisting the creative process. A newer form of set being used in both the production of films and television shows is the virtual production "volume". Different from the volume of a conventional motion capture stage (where often no physical image is being recorded for the final product), a virtual production volume

Longcross Studios - Misplaced Pages Continue

2184-409: The production of theatrical film-making and television productions, usually located on a secured movie or television studio property. Compared to a silent stage , a sound stage is sound-proofed so that sound can be recorded along with the images. The recordings are known as production sound . Because most sound in movies, other than dialogue, is added in post-production, this generally means that

2236-481: The same word to mean an external wall and the internal sides of a room, but this is not universal. Many languages distinguish between the two. In German, some of this distinction can be seen between Wand and Mauer , in Spanish between pared and muro . The word wall originally referred to defensive walls and ramparts . The purposes of walls in buildings are to support roofs , floors and ceilings ; to enclose

2288-483: The scenery to adaptively move and distort according to how the camera ought to see it if it were moving in a real environment. Benefits of such a setup include total control of a scene; dusk and dawn can last all day. Not only can time of day or number of light sources be manipulated at will, but portions of the volume off-screen can be turned completely white to add fill lighting from a given direction, or they can be turned off to darken that area. They can also function as

2340-408: The set, and the ability to see the final image as they are creating it. Where these volumes are especially beneficial is in having light behave perfectly realistically on transparent, translucent, and very reflective materials. These types of objects, such as eyeglasses, glassware, and shiny armor, are often very difficult to deal with in a conventional chroma key work flow. This technique also minimizes

2392-422: The site was used by Military Vehicles and Engineering Establishment for the production and testing of military vehicles and innovations such as Chobham Armour . In 2005, the site was purchased by construction company Crest Nicholson and asset management company Aviva Investors . Longcross Studios began operations the following year and has since hosted a wide range of film and television productions, including

2444-446: The sound stage must be heavily soundproofed, so the structure must be sturdy and capable of accepting such additional features and loads, or a new building specifically designed with the features and to bear the loads is required, which often is the less expensive alternative to retrofitting an existing structure because of engineering issues. Buildings without soundproofing still are referred to as silent stages and may be used where

2496-422: The spread of fire gives occupants more time to escape and fire fighters more time to extinguish the fire. Some fire walls allow fire resistive window assemblies, and are made of non-combustible material such as concrete, cement block, brick, or fire rated drywall. Wall penetrations are sealed with fire resistive materials. A doorway in a firewall must have a rated fire door . Fire walls provide varying resistance to

2548-474: The spread of fire, (e.g., one, two, three or four hours). Firewalls can also act as smoke barriers when constructed vertically from slab to roof deck and horizontally from an exterior wall to exterior wall subdividing a building into sections. Shear walls resist lateral forces such as in an earthquake or severe wind. There are different kinds of shear walls such as the steel plate shear wall . Knee walls are short walls that either support rafters or add height in

2600-473: The structural elements (such as 2×4 studs in a house wall), insulation , and finish elements or surfaces (such as drywall or panelling ). Mass-walls are of a solid material including masonry , concrete including slipform stonemasonry , log building , cordwood construction , adobe , rammed earth , cob , earthbag construction , bottles , tin cans , straw-bale construction , and ice . Walls may or may not be leadbearing. Walls are required to conform to

2652-404: The top floor rooms of houses. In a 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 -story house, the knee wall supports the half story . Cavity walls are walls made with a space between two "skins" to inhibit heat transfer. Pony wall (or dwarf wall) is a general term for short walls, such as: Demountable walls fall into 3 different main types: A trombe wall in passive solar building design acts as a heat sink . On

SECTION 50

#1732793653422

2704-416: The world, farmers have often pulled large quantities of stone out of their fields to make farming easier and have stacked those stones to make walls that either mark the field boundary, or the property boundary, or both. Retaining walls resist movement of earth, stone, or water. They may be part of a building or external. The ground surface or water on one side of a retaining wall is typically higher than on

#421578