86-706: Londe or londi is a traditional boat from North Sulawesi , Indonesia . They are thought to have existed since 1500s, developed from ancient Sangir islands boat called bininta which is now enshrined in the symbol of the region of Sangir Islands District. They are about 5 m in length, generally they are driven by paddle but sail may also used. Modern londe can be equipped with an outboard motor . The sail can be of tanja , lete , or lug sail type. Sometimes they are 25–30 ft (7.6-9.1 m) long with 30 in (76.2 cm) beam. They are usually operated by 1-3 men, but large ones could carry 5 men. A londe can be identified by its unique bow and stern. A kind of "horn" pokes out from
172-561: A battleground for the interests of economic hegemony between the Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch and the Kingdoms around this area, which ultimately led to political and military struggles. The past of this region also became the trading route between west and east and the spread of Christianity, Islam and belief or religion brought by Chinese merchants. The Portuguese first landed on the area at the 16th century. Following decades of war between
258-742: A fairer distribution of taxes, assistance against Abdul Kahar Muzakkar 's rebellion in South Sulawesi , and a central government cabinet headed by Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta in balance. At first the movement of the ' Permesta ' (Charter of the Struggle of the Universe) was merely a movement of reform rather than a separatist movement. Negotiations between the central government and Sulawesi military leaders prevented violence in South Sulawesi, but Minahasan leaders were not satisfied with
344-578: A few years later. By the beginning of the 17th century the Dutch had overthrown the sultanate of Ternate, and began to gain influence from Spain and Portugal. In 1677 the Dutch conquered the Sangir archipelago , two years later, Robert Padtbrugge , the governor of Maluku, visited Manado. His arrival resulted in an agreement with the Minahasan chiefs who led to Dutch domination for the next 300 years although
430-814: A fort at Amurang. Spain built a Fort in Manado, giving Spain control of the Minahasa Peninsula . Resistance against Spanish occupation culminated in 1660–1664. Dutch ships landed in Manado City in 1660, assisting the Minahasa Confederation against Spain. The members of the Minahasa Confederation entered into a Trade Agreement with the VOC . This trade cooperation agreement gave the VOC monopoly on trade, gradually imposing its will, eventually leading to
516-505: A land area of 157.26 km . The Manado metropolitan area had a population of 1,377,815 as of mid 2023. The city is situated on the Bay of Manado, and is surrounded by a mountainous area. Manado is among Indonesia's top-five tourism priorities and Bunaken National Park is one of the city's most famous tourist attractions. Tunan Waterfall in Talawaan village and Mount Tumpa are some of
602-481: A second independent city. On 4 October 1999 a new Boalemo Regency was created from part of Gorontalo Regency, but on 5 December 2000 both Gorontalo Regency and the new Boalemo Regency were split off from the province to become jointly a new Gorontalo Province . Further regencies were created from 2002 onwards - Talaud Islands on 10 April 2002 from part of Sangihe Islands Regency, North Minahasa on 18 December 2002 from part of Minahasa Regency, and South Minahasa - and
688-532: A separate Bolaang Mongondow Province . However, since 2013 the Indonesian Government have maintained a moratorium on the intended creation of new provinces, regencies and cities. The province now forms one of Indonesia's 84 national electoral districts to elect members to the People's Representative Council . The North Sulawesi Electoral District consists of all of the 11 regencies and 4 cities in
774-476: A significant Chinese population, Hakka is also spoken by some Chinese people. Some other Chinese dialects are also spoken, such as Hokkien and Cantonese . English and Mandarin are widely understood in areas where there is a large tourism industry, such as the Bunaken National Park. Older generations tend to understand Dutch and Portuguese . People who lived in islands near the borders of
860-663: A significant Chinese population. Manado also has a Jewish community, numbering about 800. Currently, the only synagogue in Indonesia is located in Manado. As the Indonesian government only recognizes six religions and traditional faith, those who adhere to other religions or faiths can choose to put one of the officially recognized religions or traditional faith, or Kepercayaan Terhadap Tuhan Yang Maha Esa (Believe in One Almighty God) on their ID cards. The Minahasan
946-503: A single province, before being separated into several different provinces. Thus, the province of North Sulawesi was created on 14 August 1959. The western half of this area (as that time comprising the Gorontalo Regency and the newly created Boalemo Regency ) was separated from North Sulawesi on 5 December 2000 and established as the province of Gorontalo . The area around North Sulawesi used to be called Minahasa . The name
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#17327807318511032-617: A strategic port for European traders going to and from Maluku . The Portuguese were the first European colonizers to arrive in North Sulawesi, a Portuguese ship anchored on an island off Manado in the Kingdom of Manado in 1521. The northern islands of the peninsula were under the control of the Sultanate of Maguindanao during the time. The Spanish ship docked on the island of Talaud and Siau , on to Ternate . The Portuguese built
1118-506: A treaty with the Portuguese in return for a payment of 350,000 ducats. Minahasan natives made an alliance treaty with the Dutch, and expelled the last of the Portuguese from Manado a few years later. The Dutch East India Company or Verenigde Oost Indische Compagnie (VOC) built a fortress in Manado named Fort Amsterdam in 1658. As with regions in eastern Indonesia, Manado has undergone Christianisation by Dutch missionaries, including Riedel and John Gottlieb Schwarz. The Dutch missionaries built
1204-522: Is cakalang fufu , a smoked skipjack ( Katsuwonus pelamis ), roa fish (exocoetidae or torani) Parexocoetus brachypterus , kawok which is based on the meat of the forest rodent white rat Maxomys hellwandii ; paniki , bat meat-based dishes; such as ( Pteropus pumilus ) and rinte wuuk (abbreviated to RW) which is a local name of dog meat , pork (a pig is cooked rotating over embers, usually served at parties), and babi putar (made from pork mixed with Manado spices, rolled and burned in bamboo). There
1290-650: Is a province of Indonesia . It is mainly located on the Minahasa Peninsula of the island of Sulawesi , south of the Philippines and southeast of Sabah , Malaysia , but also includes various small archipelagoes situated between the Minahasa Peninsula and southern Philippines. It borders the Philippines province of Davao Occidental and Soccsksargen regions to the north, the Maluku Sea to
1376-566: Is a type of bumbu ( spice mixture) found in Manado cuisine of North Sulawesi , Indonesia . It has rich aroma and spicy taste. Woku consist of ground spices paste; red ginger , turmeric , candlenut , and red chili pepper , mixed with chopped shallot , scallion , tomato, lemon or citrus leaf, and turmeric leaf, lemon basil leaf, and bruised lemongrass . Rub main ingredients (chicken or fish) with salt and lime juices, and marinate for 30 minutes. All spices are cooked in coconut oil until
1462-450: Is a very popular typical Manado sauce, made from a mixture of red chilies, cayenne pepper, sliced red onion, and freshly diced tomatoes, and finally given a mixture of soy sauce. The local language spoken in Manado and the surrounding area is a creole of the Malay language called Manado Malay . It exhibits significant influence of Portuguese, Spanish and Dutch, for example: While there
1548-397: Is also a typical drink from the area of Manado and its surroundings are saguer which is a kind of wine or palm wine derived from enau / aren tree ( Arenga pinnata ), which is then fermented. Saguer is a cap tikus (spirits with an average of 40% alcohol content). The exact amount of alcohol depends on the technique of distillation, which varies among different Minahasa villages). Woku
1634-408: Is also recognised as one of the most tolerant and peaceful cities in Indonesia. The name Manado is derived from the Sangir language word manaro , meaning 'on the far coast' or 'in the distance', and originally referred to the further of two islands which can be seen from the mainland. When the settlement on this island was relocated to the mainland, the name Manado was brought with it, after which
1720-545: Is considered one of the Minahasa languages and is spoken widely in several urban villages within Manado, for example: Wenang (Wenang / Mahawenang - kolintang ), Tumumpa (down), Mahakeret (yelling), Tikala Ares (Walak Ares Tombulu, where the word 'ares' means punishable), Ranotana (ground water), Winangun (built), Wawonasa (wawoinasa - sharpened above), Pinaesaan (unity place), Pakowa (Tree of Treasure), Teling (fur / bamboo to make equipment), Titiwungen (excavated), Tuminting (from
1806-527: Is constructed with added planks on the side of its mahera (dugout base). The main material is nantu/nato wood, gopasa wood, or kapuraca wood. With a fair wind, londe can go very fast but somewhat difficult to tack and cannot sail very close to the wind. In decades of 80s londe boats are still widely found along the coast through Manado from Ranayapo, Poopo, Sario (Manado), Likupang to Batulubang near Bitung . Also found in Barangka, Tahuna, Naha and Lirung in
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#17327807318511892-507: Is generally interpreted as "having become one". Based on several historical documents, the word "Minahasa" is firstly used by J.D. Schierstein, the Dutch regent of Manado, in his report to the Governor of Maluku on 8 October 1789. The word "Minahasa" in his report is defined as Landraad or "State Council" or "Regional Council". Archaeological research has revealed signs of human life in North Sulawesi from 30,000 years ago, based on evidence in
1978-457: Is located at 0.30–4.30 North Latitude (Lu) and 121–127 East Longitude (BT). The position of the peninsula stretches from east to west with the northernmost regions are the Sangihe and Talaud Islands. The archipelago is adjacent to neighboring Philippines. The area of North Sulawesi has boundaries: Most of the mainland area of North Sulawesi Province consists of mountains and hills interspersed by
2064-551: Is more heterogeneous then other parts of Indonesia. The Minahasan and Bolaang Mongondow are spread almost throughout the region of North Sulawesi mainland. The Sangihe, Talaud and Siau mostly inhabit the Sangihe Islands, Talaud Island, and Lembeh Island, especially in coastal areas north, east and west of mainland North Sulawesi. The Bajau people are seafaring nomads who has migrated from the Sulu Archipelago in
2150-400: Is one of the main ports of entry to Indonesia . In 2005, more than 15,000 international passengers entered Indonesia via Manado airport, connected with other cities like Jakarta , Surabaya and Makassar , etc. Manado is also connected with Tokyo—Narita , Singapore, and Kota Kinabalu for international routes. Other public transportation in Manado are: Manado–Bitung Toll Road connects
2236-416: Is still used sometimes to refer to the province. The word Minahasa is etymologically derived from the words Mina-Esa (Minaesa) or Maesa which means 'being one' or 'uniting', meaning hope to unite various sub-ethnic groups of Minahasa consisting of Tontemboan, Tombulu, Tonsea, Tolour (Tondano), Tonsawang, Ponosakan, Pasan and Bantik. The word "Minahasa" itself was only used during the colonial era. "Minahasa"
2322-404: Is the lingua franca of the province. This language resembles Indonesian but with a distinct accent and dialect. Some of the vocabulary are derived from Dutch, Portuguese and other foreign languages. Manado Malay is often used for day-to-day communication between different ethnic groups. Minahasan languages are spoken by the Minahasan people. They are spread around the central and northern part of
2408-470: Is the dominant ethnic group in the province. They are the most populous ethnic group in the Minahasa Peninsula . They mostly lived in areas covering Bitung City, Manado City, Tomohon City, Minahasa Regency , North Minahasa Regency , South Minahasa Regency and Southeast Minahasa Regency . Other ethnic groups are the Bolaang Mongondow, Sangihe, Talaud and Siau. Ethnicity in North Sulawesi
2494-476: Is the major religion in Manado, constituting around 63 per cent of all residents, Islam comes second forming about 31 per cent, Catholicism comes in third forming around 5 per cent, and the rest follow Buddhism , Hinduism , and Confucianism , each coming in at less than 1 per cent each, according to the 2020 national census. In addition, about 20 Indonesian Jews live in Manado. The people of Manado identify as tolerant, harmonious, open and dynamic. Therefore,
2580-559: Is the predominant religion in those districts and cities of the Islands and Minahasa, while Islam is the largest religion in the districts and cities in the Bolaang Mongondow. Most of the Christians in North Sulawesi adhere to Protestantism , while significant minority Roman Catholic communities also exist in Manado and Bitung. Chinese folk religions such as Confucianism and Taoism also exist, mostly concentrated in Manado, which has
2666-464: Is thus now divided into eleven regencies ( Indonesian : kabupaten ) and four independent cities ( Indonesian : kotamadya ), listed below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 Census and 2020 Census, together with the official estimates as at mid 2023. Proposals have been under consideration since 2013 by the People's Representative Council ( Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat or DPR) to create
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2752-493: The Dutch East Indies government. Minahasa relations with the Dutch were often poor. Causing a war between the Dutch and Tondano in 1807 and 1809. Eventually the Dutch and Minahasa became very close, with Minahasa often referred to as the 12th Dutch province. In 1947, some Manadonese formed a political movement of Twapro, short for Twaalfde Provincie (Twelfth Province) who appealed for formal integration of Minahasa into
2838-686: The Kampung Arab area which is near Pasar '45 and has become a destination for religious tourism. Other ethnicities represented include Javanese , Chinese , Batak , Makassar , and Moluccans . A small Jewish community also exists. Manado Malay is the main language spoken in Manado. It is a Malay-based creole. Some of the loan words in the Minahasan vernacular are derived from Dutch , Portuguese , and other foreign languages. There are many words in Manado Malay comes from foreign language. Religion in Manado (2020) Protestant Christianity
2924-781: The Kingdom of the Netherlands . During Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies the Allies bombed Manado greatly in 1945. During the Indonesian War of Independence , there was a split between pro-Indonesian and pro-Dutch residents. The appointment of Sam Ratulangi as the first governor of Sulawesi then succeeded in winning Minahasan support to the Republic of Indonesia. After Indonesian independence, Indonesia
3010-531: The Minahasan in the north of the province and the Mongondow to the south. The province's chief city is Manado with a population of 458,580 people according to the mid 2023 official estimate. Religion in North Sulawesi (2022) About two-thirds of the population of North Sulawesi adhere to Christianity , while nearly one-third follow Islam ; smaller numbers follow Hinduism or other faiths. Christianity
3096-533: The People's Representative Council enacted Law no. 13 officially creating the province of North Sulawesi, with Manado as provincial seat. 14 August 1959 was designated as the anniversary of the province. Since the 1998 reforms , the Indonesian government has begun to adopt laws that enhanced regional autonomy. Two years later, the city of Gorontalo and two Muslim-majority regencies of the province were separated to form Gorontalo Province. Climate areas of North Sulawesi include tropical ones affected by muzon winds. In
3182-477: The Philippines , due to the conflict in Mindanao . They inhabits several coastal villages of North Sulawesi in the northern part of North Minahasa Regency. In addition to the natives, North Sulawesi is also home to migrants. There are a significant Chinese population in North Sulawesi, especially around the city of Manado. The Chinese are also one of the first people to have contact with the local people before
3268-708: The Portuguese , the Spanish and the Dutch to control the area, the area ultimately fell to the Dutch at the 17th century. The Dutch ruled the area for three centuries, before being ousted by the Japanese on the eve of World War II . Following the Japanese surrender in 1945, the Dutch briefly regained possession of the area, before finally leaving in 1949 following the Round Table Conference , in which
3354-649: The Sundanese also exist. They are mostly migrated from where they come from due to the Transmigration program enacted by the Dutch during the colonial era until the Suharto era. They generally live in urban areas, such as Manado and Bitung. Indonesian is the official language of the province, as well as of other parts of Indonesia. Official documents released by the provincial government as well as road signs are all written in Indonesian. However, Manado Malay
3440-527: The 1700s resistance in Ratahan, culminating in the Dutch Minahasa-War in 1809–1811 at Tondano . Spain had colonized the Philippines and made Minahasa a coffee plantation with imported South American coffee because of its fertile land. Manado was further developed by Spain to become a center of coffee trade for Chinese merchants. In the 16th century one of the first Indo-Eurasian communities in
3526-417: The 2010 census; this rose to 2,621,923 at the 2020 Census, while the official estimate as at mid-2023 was 2,681,540 (comprising 1,369,850 males and 1,311,690 females). The province's capital and largest city is Manado , which is also the main gateway and the economic center of the province. Other major towns includes Tomohon and Bitung in the northern (Minahasa) half of the province, and Kotamobagu in
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3612-716: The Apostolic Prefecture of Celebes was established in the city . In 1961, it was promoted to the Diocese of Manado . The Japanese captured Manado in the Battle of Manado in January 1942. The city was heavily damaged by Allied bombing during World War II . In 1958, the headquarters of the rebel movement Permesta was moved to Manado. When Permesta confronted the central government with demands for political, economic and regional reform, Jakarta responded by bombing
3698-503: The Dutch recognized the newly created United States of Indonesia (RIS). Thus, North Sulawesi was incorporated into the territory of the State of East Indonesia (NIT). The NIT was finally dissolved and then merged into the RIS. On 17 August 1950, the RIS was officially disbanded and then re-formed as the unitary state of the Republic of Indonesia. The island of Sulawesi was governed briefly as
3784-733: The Europeans came. According to the discovery of Chinese ancient letters in the Tompaso area, Minahasa shows the cultural interaction between the Chinese and Minahasa have existed since the Han dynasty . Most of the Chinese population in North Sulawesi are from the Hakka dialect group, while small numbers of Hokkien and Cantonese populations also exist. Other ethnic groups such as the Javanese and
3870-414: The Philippines may understand Tagalog . Following the separation of Central Sulawesi as a separate province in 1964, North Sulawesi was composed of four regencies ( Indonesian : kabupaten ) - Minahasa, Sangihe Islands, Bolaang Mongondow and Gorontalo - and the independent city ( Indonesian : kotamadya ) of Manado . The city of Bitung was separated from Minahasa Regency on 15 August 1990 to become
3956-500: The Portuguese fortress in Amurang in the 1550s, and Spanish settlers also established a fort at Manado, so that eventually, Spain controlled all of the Minahasa. It was in Manado where one of the first Indo-Eurasian (Mestizo) communities in the archipelago developed during the 16th century. The first King of Manado (1630) named Muntu Untu was in fact the son of a Spanish Mestizo. Spain renounced its possessions in Minahasa by means of
4042-468: The Sangihe Islands. The londe boat at that time was a sailboat used extensively in Sangir fisherman settlements. In 2012, on Miangas Island , the outermost island on the border with the Philippines , there are still many londe boats. However, in the same year, on the island of Marore in the Talaud Islands londe is no longer found which according to local residents there are many on the island in
4128-678: The Sultan their vassal, ruling over the Minahasa people, and establishing a factory in Wenang . Meanwhile, the Spanish had already set themselves up in the Philippines and Minahasa was used to plant coffee because of its rich soil. Manado was further developed by Spain as a centre of commerce for the Chinese traders who traded the coffee in China. With the help of native allies, the Spanish took over
4214-594: The Tabukan Tengah, Lirung, Likupang, Wori, Tombasian, Tenga, New Tompaso, Belang and Tondano. Regosol soil structure covering 81,000 ha (200,000 acres) spread across several areas, among others, Klabat, Dua Saudara, Soputan and North Bitung, Dimembe, Airmadidi, Langowan, Tombasian, Tombatu and Tumpaan. Soil structure andosol of 15,000 ha (37,000 acres), spread across several areas between: in Tomohon, Kawangkoan, Tompaso, Langowan, and Modoinding. Apart from
4300-399: The archipelago appeared in Manado. The first king of Manado, Muntu Untu (1630) was half Spanish. Spain then handed over Minahasa to the Portuguese in exchange for 350,000 ducats in a treaty. The rulers of Minahasa sent Supit, Pa'at, and Lontoh to ally with the Dutch to expel the Portuguese from Minahasa. In 1655 they excelled, building their own fortress in 1658 and drove out the last Portuguese
4386-419: The aroma came up and mixed together with the main ingredients, water, and a pinch of salt, well until all cooked well. Other typical food of Manado city which is also quite famous is nasi kuning which taste and looks different from yellow rice in other area because it is spiked with abon of cakalang rica fish and presented in a parcel using sugar palm leaves. There is also grilled fish roasted head. Dabu-dabu
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#17327807318514472-408: The back. The fore boom is a strongly curved piece of wood lashed to the atiq (outrigger float made of bamboo) without a tadiq (the linking piece between bahateng and atiq ). The atiq is made by two or three pieces of thick bamboo lashed together. While the aft boom is a straight piece of wood linked to the atiq with a curved rattan tadiq , the so-called S-shaped Halmaheran attachment. Londe
4558-409: The bottom of the bow protruding forward and curling upwards like an elephant tusk. At the stern the horn is not so prominent but the form can be seen, protruding backward. Its supposed predecessor, bininta , had its bow and stern a horn that pokes toward the front and back. Another distinguishing feature from other outrigger canoe, the londe has different bahateng (outrigger boom/beam) on the front and
4644-527: The calculation of every 100-metre (330 ft) increase can lower the temperature by around 0.6 °C (1.1 °F). The province of North Sulawesi is located in the northern peninsula of Sulawesi Island and is one of three provinces in Indonesia which has geoposition, geostrategy and geopolitical advantages and is located on the Pacific Rim. The other two provinces are North Sumatra and Aceh Special Region. Viewed from geographical location, North Sulawesi
4730-836: The cave Liang Sarru on the island of Salibabu. Other evidence shows life about 6,000 years ago on the Passo Hillside Site in Kakas District and 4,000 years ago to early AD at the Liang Tuo Mane'e cave in Arangkaa on Karakelong Island. At the end of the 16th century, the Portuguese and Spanish arrived in North Sulawesi. When Europeans arrived, the Ternate Sultanate had influence in North Sulawesi, frequented by Bugis traders from South Sulawesi. The wealth of Minahasa's natural resources made Manado
4816-562: The central government to request military assistance from southern Sulawesi. The Permesta forces were later removed from Central Sulawesi , Gorontalo , Sangihe Islands , and Morotai in Moluccas . The United States then halted resistance, and in June 1958 central government forces landed in Minahasa. The Permesta uprising ended in mid-1961. The effects of the Sumatra and Sulawesi rebellions
4902-516: The city in February 1958, and then invading in June 1958. In 1962, the People's Representative Council declared Manado as the official capital city of North Sulawesi Province. Manado has a tropical rainforest climate ( Af ) according to the Köppen climate classification , as there is no real dry season. The wettest month is January, with an average rainfall of 465 millimetres (18.3 in), while
4988-568: The city of Manado has a relatively conducive social environment, and is known as one of the safest cities in Indonesia. When Indonesia was vulnerable to political upheaval around 1999, and there were riots in other Indonesian cities, Manado was little affected. This is shown through the slogan of the people of Manado: Torang samua basudara , which means We are all family . And also through the words of Dr. Sam Ratulangi : "Sitou, Timou, Tumou, Tou", which roughly translates to 'Man lives to educate others'. Sam Ratulangi International Airport of Manado
5074-420: The city with Bitung . Terminal Malalayang, or Malalayang Bus Terminal serves as the main gateway for long-distance buses in Manado. Manado is home to some of the biggest and most influential churches in the province, with many of them located along the iconic Sam Ratulangi Street. Food typical of Manado include tinutuan , a porridge consisting of various kinds of vegetables. In addition to tinutuan, there
5160-743: The coast of Manado. In the sea off North Sulawesi, there are several species of fish, coral, and plankton. Several types of famous marine fish and is one source of foreign exchange, among others: tuna, skipjack, yellow tail, lobsters, and others. The condition of flora can be said that the mainland of North Sulawesi partly dominated by forest. Forest cover ranges from 300 metres (980 ft) from sea level to mountain tops with various types of good quality timber, including ebony (wooden) iron wood, linggua wood, cempaka wood, wooden nantu, gopasa wood, meranti wood, There are also rattan, and various types of Dammar. In addition, there are many plantation crops such as coconut, nutmeg, and cloves. The slowest growing regency
5246-892: The coast of North Sulawesi, both on the mainland coast and on the coast of the islands, there are several headlands ( Indonesian : Tanjung ) and bays ( Indonesian : Teluk ). Some of the prominent headlands are Tanjun Atep, Tanjung Pulisan, Tanjung Salimburung, Tanjung Kelapa in Minahasa. Tanjung Binta, Tanjung Dulang, Tanjung Flesko and Tanjung Tanango in Bolmong. While in Sangihe and Talaud namely Tanjung Binta, Tanjung Barurita, Tanjung Bulude, Tanjung Bunangkem, Tanjung Buwu and Tanjung Esang. The well-known bays of this region include Amurang Bay, Teluk Belang, Manado Bay, Kema Bay (Minahasa and Manado), Tombolata Bay, Taludaa Bay and Bolaang Telun (Bolmong), Manganitu Bay, Map Bay, Miulu Bay, Dago Bay and Ngalipeang Bay (Sangihe and Talaud). The cape and bay are known as places of trade and tourism. The structure of
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#17327807318515332-849: The development of the field of tourism, irrigation and energy. The lakes are Lake Tondano with an area of 4,278 ha (10,570 acres) in Minahasa, Lake Moat covering 617 ha (1,520 acres) in East Bolaang Mongondow. In general, rivers are used for various purposes, among others, for irrigation as well as a source of electricity and drinking water sources. The rivers are Tondano River (40 km or 25 mi), Poigar River (54.2 km or 33.7 mi), Ranoyapo River (51.9 km or 32.2 mi), Talawaan River (34.8 km or 21.6 mi) in Minahasa. Other major rivers are located in Bolmong and Bolmut namely Dumoga River (87.2 km or 54.2 mi), Sangkub River (53.6 km or 33.3 mi), Ongkaw River (42.1 km or 26.2 mi). Along
5418-436: The direct rule by the Dutch only began in 1870. The Dutch helped unify the Minahasa confederation, and in 1693. Dutch influence flourished with the spreading of Christianity and European culture in the land of Minahasa. The missionary schools in Manado in 1881 were one of the first attempts of mass education in Indonesia, providing an opportunity for graduates to find employment in the civil service, military, and high positions in
5504-553: The driest is September with an average rainfall of 121 millimetres (4.8 in). The abundance of rain seems to be influenced by the monsoon . As its location is near the equator, the temperature seems constant throughout the year. The hottest month is August with an average temperature of 26.6 °C (79.9 °F), while the coolest months are January and February with an average temperature of 25.4 °C (77.7 °F). Winter (Dec-Feb) can be considered wetter, rainier and cooler than summer (Jun-Aug). Unlike other cities in Indonesia,
5590-529: The east, Gorontalo (its sole land border) and the Celebes Sea to the west and the Gulf of Tomini to the southwest. The province's furthest extent, the outlying and isolated island of Miangas to its north, is the northernmost island of Indonesia as a bordering with the Philippines . The province's area is 14,500.28 square kilometres (5,598.59 sq mi), and its population was 2,270,596 according to
5676-412: The first Christian church in Manado called Oude Kerk (Old church), which still stands, and is now called Gereja Sentrum. HMS Dover captured Manado in June 1810. The Javanese prince Diponegoro was exiled to Manado by the Dutch government in 1830 for leading a war of rebellion against the Dutch. In 1859, the English biologist Alfred Wallace visited Manado and praised the town for its beauty. In 1919,
5762-547: The independent city of Tomohon - on 25 February 2003 from further parts of Minahasa Regency. Further new regencies followed on 2 January 2007 - North Bolaang Mongondow and the independent city of Kotamobagu from parts of Bolaang Mongondow Regency, the Sitaro Islands from part of Sangihe Islands Regency, and Southeast Minahasa from part of South Minahasa Regency. Two further regencies were created on 24 June 2008 from further parts of Bolaang Mongondow Regency - East Bolaang Mongondow and South Bolaang Mongondow . The province
5848-497: The island itself became referred to as Manado Tua (Old Manado). The name for Manado in the Sangir language is Manaro , while in Gorontalo is Moladu . The first mention of Manado comes from a world map by French cartographer Nicolas Desliens , which shows the island of Manarow (today's Manado Tua). Before Europeans arrived in North Sulawesi , the area was under the rule of the Sultan of Ternate , who exacted tribute and introduced Islam to its inhabitants. The Portuguese made
5934-412: The land components of the Bunaken National Park . (c) the 2010 population of Bunaken Kepulauan District is included in the figure for Bunaken District, from which it was cut out in 2013. The boundaries of Manado city are as follows: Currently, the majority of Manado city residents are from the Minahasa ethnic group. The indigenous people of Manado are from the Tombulu people. The Tombulu language
6020-401: The land in North Sulawesi in the form of Latosol covering 531,000 ha (1,310,000 acres) spread in several areas, among others: Tagulandang, Tamako, Manganitu, Kendahe, Tabukan Utara, Esang, Pineleng, Tomohon, Tombariri, Airmadidi, Kakas, Eris, Kombi, Tareran, Passi, Modayag, Pinolocian and Bolaang. Alluvial soil structure of 75,000 ha (190,000 acres) spread over several regions, including
6106-427: The many attractions for visitors who like to take Manado city tour especially to natural places. The city is served by Sam Ratulangi International Airport , which connects Manado with various domestic destinations, as well as international destinations in East Asia and Southeast Asia . The city is also known for its Christian -majority population, and holds the country's biggest Christmas celebration annually. It
6192-845: The months of November to April the West winds bring rain on the north coast, whereas in May to October a dry south wind changes. Uneven rainfall with annual rates ranging from 2,000 to 3,000 mm (79 to 118 in), and the number of rainy days between 90 and 139 days. Temperatures are at every level up to the height of the cool as the city area Tomohon, Langowan in Minahasa Regency, Modoinding in Minahasa Selatan Regency, Kotamobagu city, and Modayag and Pasi in Bolaang Mongondow Regency. The area that receives
6278-414: The most rainfall is the Minahasa area. Temperatures average 25 °C (77 °F). The average maximum air temperature was recorded at 30 °C (86 °F) and the minimum average air temperature was 22.1 °C (71.8 °F). The air humidity was 73.4%. However, the temperature is also affected by the altitude of the place above sea level. The higher the location, the lower the temperature also, with
6364-567: The number of urban villages (all rated as kelurahan ) in each district, and its post codes. Notes: (a) the 2010 population of Paal Dua District is included in the figure for Tikala District, from which it was cut out in 2013. (b) including the small offshore islands of Pulau Bunaken , Pulau Siladen , and Pulau Manadotua . These islands form (with the larger Mantehage Island and Nain Island in North Minahasa Regency )
6450-656: The outcome of the agreement and the movement broke out. Fearful of southern dominance, Minahasan leaders declared their own North Sulawesi autonomous state in June 1957. At that time the central government had controlled South Sulawesi, but in the North there were no strong figures of the central government and there were rumors that the United States was arming the PRRI rebellion in Sumatra, which has links with Minahasan leaders. The possibility of foreign intervention prompted
6536-474: The past. The extinction of a londe boat is not because fishermen no longer need boats of the same size and functionality. The londe type began to become extinct because fishermen now no longer need the function of the "horns", so they no longer order such boats. The horns were used as a place to hold, to rest, or to look into the sea at the time of collecting or capturing fishes by diving. North Sulawesi North Sulawesi ( Indonesian : Sulawesi Utara )
6622-605: The province, and elects 6 members to the People's Representative Council. Manado Manado ( Indonesian pronunciation: [maˈnado] , Tombulu : Wenang ) is the capital city of the Indonesian province of North Sulawesi . It is the second largest city in Sulawesi after Makassar , with the 2020 census giving a population of 451,916, and the official estimates for mid 2023 showing 458,582 inhabitants (229,982 males and 228,600 females), distributed over
6708-652: The province. In the Minahasa area, five (5) distinct languages are spoken: Tonsawang , Tontemboan , Toulour , Tonsea and Tombulu . To the south, the Mongondow language and the Gorontalo language are spoken. In the islands to the north which borders the Philippines, the Visayan languages are used by the local people. Other languages spoken are Javanese , Sundanese and Balinese . They are mostly spoken by migrants coming from other parts of Indonesia. As Manado has
6794-440: The southern (Bolaang Mongondow) half. There are 41 mountains with an altitude ranging from 1,112–1,995 metres (3,648–6,545 ft). Most geologic conditions in the province are consisted mainly of young volcanic regions, with numerous eruptions and many active volcanic cones that adorn the central Minahasa, Bolaang Mongondow and Sangihe Islands . North Sulawesi in the past was an area of potential spices, rice and gold which became
6880-571: The structure of the land mentioned, others including soil types complex covering an area of approximately 76.5 percent of total area of North Sulawesi province so that the area was fertile for agriculture. In general, the varieties of flora and fauna in North Sulawesi are similar to those in other parts of Indonesia, except for some animals not found in other areas such as Deer, Maleo, Taong, Mini Tarsius Spectrum in Bitung City Nature Reserve And Coelacanth off
6966-432: The temperature seems to be cooler. The city is divided into eleven districts ( kecamatan ), including the new districts of Bunaken Kepulauan (Bunaken Islands) and Paal Dua established in 2012. These are all tabulated below with their areas and populations at the 2010 census and 2020 census, together with the official estimates as at mid 2022. The table also includes the location of the district administrative centres,
7052-1063: The valleys that make up the land. The mountains are located with a height above 1,000 m (3,300 ft) above sea level. Some mountains in North Sulawesi are Mount Klabat (1,895 m or 6,217 ft) in North Minahasa, Mount Lokon (1,579 m or 5,180 ft), Mount Mahawu (1,331 m or 4,367 ft) in Tomohon, Mount Soputan (1,789 m or 5,869 ft) in Southeast Minahasa, Mount Dua Saudara (1,468 m or 4,816 ft) in Bitung, Mount Awu (1,784 m or 5,853 ft), Mount Space (1,245 m or 4,085 ft), Mount Karangketang (1,320 m or 4,330 ft), Mount Dalage (1,165 m or 3,822 ft), in Sangihe and Talaud, Mount Ambang (1,689 m or 5,541 ft), Mount Gambula (1,954 m or 6,411 ft) and Mount Batu Balawan (1,970 m or 6,460 ft). The lakes in this area potentially have economic value for
7138-615: The word Ting-Ting: a bell, the inserted syllable -um- changing the noun to a verb, so Tuminting: ringing bell), Pondol (Edge), Wanea (from the word Wanua: meaning the country), etc. While the Malalayang area has residents mainly from the Bantik people, other indigenous groups in Manado today are from the Sangir, Gorontalo, Mongondow, Babontehu, Talaud, Tionudese, Siau, and Borgo peoples. There are also Arabian peranakan communities, mainly in
7224-624: Was divided into 8 provinces, and Sulawesi was one of these provinces. In 1946 the State of East Indonesia was formed in Sulawesi, and later became a state within the United States of Indonesia . The State of East Indonesia was dissolved, and merged into the Republic of Indonesia as part of a then unified Sulawesi Province. In March 1957, Sulawesi military leaders held a confrontation with the central government, with demands for greater regional autonomy. They called for more active development,
7310-647: Was that of the Sangihe Islands . In 2010, about 68% were Christian (predominantly Protestant with a sizable Catholic minority), one of the few exceptions in the predominantly Muslim Indonesia, due to the prominent Dutch missionary activity during the colonial era. Also, because the Muslim-majority region of Gorontalo (then comprising a city and two regencies) was split off to form a new province on 5 December 2000. There are also Muslim , Hindu , and Buddhist minorities. The largest ethnic groups are
7396-441: Was ultimately counterproductive, with central government authority increasing while regional autonomy weakened, radical nationalism strengthened than pragmatic moderation, communist party power and Sukarno increased while Mohammad Hatta was weakened, with the establishing of Guided Democracy ( Indonesian : Demokrasi Terpimpin ) in 1958. But the demands of the Minahasa peoples for the province of their own would not end, and in 1964
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