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67-506: Lone Scherfig ( Danish: [ˈloːnə ˈɕɛɐ̯fi] ) is a Danish film director and screenwriter . She is especially known for her films Italian for Beginners (2000) and An Education (2009), and is also known for her romantic comedies , such as One Day (2011). Lone Scherfig graduated from the National Film School of Denmark in 1984. She initially worked in the advertising business and won awards (including

134-473: A film school to get a bachelor's degree studying film or cinema. Film students generally study the basic skills used in making a film. This includes, for example, preparation, shot lists and storyboards, blocking, communicating with professional actors, communicating with the crew, and reading scripts. Some film schools are equipped with sound stages and post-production facilities. Besides basic technical and logistical skills, students also receive education on

201-1025: A Bodil (as was Wilbur Wants to Kill Himself and An Education ). Italian for Beginners was nominated at the Chicago International Film Festival, the European Film Awards, the Goya Awards, and picked up awards at Bordeaux International Festival of Women in Cinema, the Festróia-Tróia International Film Festival, the Flaiano Film Festival, the Hamptons International Film Festival, the Paris Film Festival,

268-536: A Boy was adapted for television and aired on NBC from 22 February 2014 to 17 February 2015. The show was developed by Jason Katims and it is the second adaptation based on the 1998 novel. The series stars David Walton, Minnie Driver and Benjamin Stockham. Hulu premiered a 10-episode reboot of High Fidelity starring Zoë Kravitz on 14 February 2020. The importance of music in Hornby's novels, and in his life,

335-542: A collection of essays about American writers such as Tobias Wolff and Ann Beattie , titled Contemporary American Fiction . Hornby's second book, Fever Pitch , also published in 1992, is an autobiographical story detailing his fanatical support for Arsenal Football Club . As a result, Hornby received the William Hill Sports Book of the Year Award . In 1997, the memoir was adapted for film in

402-507: A consultant writer for the Danish film Alting . She has worked on other projects (such as Red Road and Donkeys ) in helping write and develop characters. Her most recent work is The Riot Club , based on the stage play Posh by Laura Wade , released in 2014. The film follows two first-year students amongst the privileged elite of Oxford University, determined to join the infamous Riot Club, where reputations can be made or destroyed over

469-756: A few short films, and worked with both radio shows and the stage. She directed the film Når mor kommer hjem (1998), which received the Grand Prix at the Montreal Film Festival and the Cinekid Award in Amsterdam . Scherfig made her international breakthrough with the film Italian for Beginners (2000), which was critically acclaimed and won several awards, including the Jury Grand Prix Silver Bear award at

536-405: A film eventually becomes realized or noticed. Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director. Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , producers , film editors or actors. Other film directors have attended film school. Directors use different approaches. Some outline

603-485: A flat fee for the project, as a weekly salary, or as a daily rate. A handful of top Hollywood directors made from $ 133.3 million to $ 257.95 million in 2011, such as James Cameron and Steven Spielberg , but the average United States film directors and producers made $ 89,840 in 2018. A new Hollywood director typically gets paid around $ 400,000 for directing their first studio film. The average annual salary in England

670-400: A general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue, while others control every aspect and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely. Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners. Other directors edit or appear in their films or compose music score for their films. A film director's task is to envisage

737-419: A hopelessly addicted Boston Red Sox fan who tries to reconcile his love of the game with that of his girlfriend ( Drew Barrymore ), was released in 2005. Johnny Depp purchased film rights to the book A Long Way Down before it was published. The book was made into the 2014 film of the same name starring Pierce Brosnan , Aaron Paul , Toni Collette and Imogen Poots . The film adaptation of Juliet, Naked

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804-486: A little town, several characters unite to discover who could be causing a commotion in the streets at night. The movie explores the various residents of the town and their interactions with each other. Claiming constraints related to the Dogme 95 , Scherfig said that the film was written piece by piece every day that it was shot. She has said the story is "about trust...the fundamental belief that people you hardly know will want

871-565: A neurotic record collector and his failed relationships, was adapted into a 2000 American film starring John Cusack , a Broadway musical in 2006, and a television show High Fidelity starring Zoë Kravitz in 2020. His second novel, About a Boy , published in 1998, is about two "boys" — Marcus, an awkward yet endearing adolescent from a single-parent family, and the free-floating, mid-30s Will Freeman, who overcomes his own immaturity and self-centredness through his growing relationship with Marcus. Hugh Grant and Nicholas Hoult starred in

938-551: A recent trend of more attention to women directors in India, brought on partly by Amazon and Netflix moving into the industry. Of the movies produced in Nollywood , women direct only 2%. There are many different awards for film directing, run by various academies , critics associations , film festivals , and guilds . The Academy Award for Best Director and Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Director are considered among

1005-403: A way to translate a screenplay into a fully formed film, and then to realize this vision. To do this, they oversee the artistic and technical elements of film production. This entails organizing the film crew in such a way to achieve their vision of the film and communicating with the actors. This requires skills of group leadership, as well as the ability to maintain a singular focus even in

1072-410: A wider audience. Scherfig had declared her interest in working with Hathaway on this project. She also commented on the difficulties of working with someone else's screenplay, saying in an interview that: It's so much easier to work with something you've written, because you can cut things or add things on the spot. You can be much more at home and at ease with what you do. You don't feel unfaithful to

1139-520: A yearly salary from ¥4 million to ¥10 million, and the Directors Guild of Japan requires a minimum payment of ¥3.5 million. Korean directors make 300 million to 500 million won for a film, and beginning directors start out making around 50 million won. A Korean director who breaks into the Chinese market might make 1 billion won for a single film. According to a 2018 report from UNESCO ,

1206-740: Is a film criticism concept that holds that a film director's film reflects the director's personal creative vision, as if they were the primary "auteur" (the French word for "author"). In spite of—and sometimes even because of—the production of the film as part of an industrial process, the auteur's creative voice is distinct enough to shine through studio interference and the collective process. Some film directors started as screenwriters , film editors , producers , actors , or film critics , as well as directing for similar media like television and commercials. Several American cinematographers have become directors, including Barry Sonnenfeld , originally

1273-560: Is a 16-year-old skateboarder named Sam, whose life changes drastically when his girlfriend gets pregnant. Hornby's following novel, titled Juliet, Naked , was published in September 2009. Addressing similar themes as his earlier novel High Fidelity , the book is about a reclusive 1980s rock star who is forced out of isolation, after the release of demo recordings of the songs on his most famous album brings him into contact with some of his most passionate fans. In 2010, Hornby co-founded

1340-915: Is evidenced by his long-standing and fruitful collaborations with the rock band Marah , fronted by Dave and Serge Bielanko. Hornby has even toured in the United States and Europe with the band, joining them on stage to read his essays about particular moments and performers in his own musical history that have had a particular meaning for him. Hornby's music criticism (most notably for The New Yorker and in his own Songbook ) has been widely criticised by writers such as Kevin Dettmar (in his book Is Rock Dead ), Curtis White (in an essay at www.centreforbookculture.org, titled "Kid Adorno"), Barry Faulk and Simon Reynolds for his embrace of rock traditionalism and conservative take on post-rock and other experimental musics (exemplified in Hornby's negative review of

1407-402: Is picked up one rainy night by David (played by Peter Sarsgaard ), and brought into the bustling and exciting adult London society. Centered on this tender and somewhat morally ambiguous romantic relationship between David and Jenny, the movie was hailed as being subtle and deliberate in its pacing and tone. Many reviewers noted the exceptional performance of Carey Mulligan as the protagonist. She

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1474-415: Is producer Amanda Posey . They separated in 2021. They have two sons, born in 2001 and 2004. Hornby's sister, writer Gill Hornby, is married to writer Robert Harris . Nick Hornby was directly involved in the creation of the charity Ambitious about Autism , then known as TreeHouse Trust, and its school TreeHouse School , as a result of trying to find specialist education for his son Danny. Hornby remains

1541-416: Is rather upbeat and comedic. It has been noted for its rather amusing tone. Following Italian for Beginners , Scherfig made the deadpan comedy Wilbur Wants to Kill Himself , released in 2002. This film, not considered a part of the Dogme 95 canon, is a touching movie centered on a suicidal man who is constantly saved and cared for by his brother. Noted by critics to be a surprisingly lighthearted affair,

1608-738: Is £50,440, in Canada is $ 62,408, and in Western Australia it can range from $ 75,230 to $ 97,119. In France, the average salary is €4000 per month, paid per project. Luc Besson was the highest paid French director in 2017, making €4.44 million for Valerian and the City of a Thousand Planets . That same year, the top ten French directors' salaries in total represented 42% of the total directors' salaries in France. Film directors in Japan average

1675-583: The 2002 film version . In 1999, Hornby received the E. M. Forster Award of the American Academy of Arts and Letters . Hornby's next novel, How to Be Good , was published in 2001. The female protagonist in the novel explores contemporary morals, marriage and parenthood. It was longlisted for the Man Booker Prize in 2001 and won the W.H. Smith Award for Fiction in 2002. Part of the money he earned with his next book, Speaking with

1742-672: The Berlin International Film Festival . Hailed as a feel-good movie, the film is preoccupied with themes of hope, happiness, and choice. It is credited as the most profitable Scandinavian film to date. Following the creative constraints of the Dogme 95 movement, Scherfig set the film almost entirely on location within a small space, used sound found only at the source, and shot it on video. The film involves several characters and their various romantic or other interactions that unfold across this limited setting. As opposed to many other Dogme 95 films, Scherfig's

1809-631: The Ministry of Stories , a non-profit organisation in East London dedicated to helping children and young adults develop writing skills and to helping teachers inspire their students to write. Hornby discussed his bouts of depression in 2012 on the BBC Radio 4 broadcast of "Fever Pitched: Twenty Years On". Hornby's most recent novels are Funny Girl (2014), about a 1960s beauty queen determined to make her mark upon television comedy, State of

1876-508: The Radiohead album Kid A ). Hornby has also had extensive collaboration with American singer/songwriter Ben Folds . Their album Lonely Avenue was released in September 2010. Folds wrote the music, with Hornby contributing lyrics. Prior to the album's release, the single "Picture Window" was released on Ben Folds' website. A bootleg version of a song about Levi Johnston written by Hornby and Folds and performed by Folds, appeared on

1943-463: The Angel in 2002, was donated to TreeHouse , a charity for autistic children: Hornby's own son is autistic. He was editor of the book, which contained twelve short stories written by his friends. He also contributed to the collection with the story "NippleJesus". In 2003, Hornby wrote a collection of essays on selected popular songs and the emotional resonance they carry, called 31 Songs (known in

2010-1060: The Berlin/Brandenburg TV station RBB (Berlin-Brandenburg Broadcasting) and ARTE . In recent decades American directors have primarily been coming out of USC , UCLA , AFI , Columbia University , and NYU , each of which is known for cultivating a certain style of filmmaking. Notable film schools outside of the United States include Beijing Film Academy , Centro de Capacitación Cinematográfica in Mexico City, Dongseo University in South Korea, FAMU in Prague, Film and Television Institute of India , HFF Munich , La Fémis in Paris, Tel Aviv University , and Vancouver Film School . Film directors usually are self-employed and hired per project based on recommendations and industry reputation. Compensation might be arranged as

2077-1016: The Club Espace Award and the Grand Jury Prize at the Rouen Nordic Film Festival in 1991. Nar mor kommer hjem won the Cinekid Film Award in 1998. At the Berlin International Film Festival , Italian for Beginners won the FIPRESCI Prize, the Prize of Ecumenical Jury, the Reader Jury of the "Berliner Morgenpost," and the Silver Berlin Bear, and was nominated for the Golden Berlin Bear. It was also nominated for

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2144-528: The Coen brothers' Director of Photography; Wally Pfister , cinematographer on Christopher Nolan 's three Batman films made his directorial debut with Transcendence (2014). Despite the misnomer, assistant director has become a completely separate career path and is not typically a position for aspiring directors, but there are exceptions in some countries such as India where assistant directors are indeed directors-in-training. Many film directors have attended

2211-957: The Film Critics Circle of Australia Awards, the Satellite Awards, and the Academy Awards. It won various awards at the Chicago International Film Festival, the Independent Spirit Awards, the Mill Valley Film Festival, the Robert Festival, and the Sundance Film Festival. Film Awards (BAFTA) Film TV movies TV series Film director The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which

2278-734: The Hamptons International Film Festival, the Skip City International D-Cinema Festival, the U.S. Comedy Arts Festival, and the Victoria Independent Film & Video Festival in Canada. Although Just Like Home was shunned by critics, Scherfig's fourth film was offered the most recognition. An Education was nominated at the BAFTA Awards, the British Independent Film Awards, the European Film Awards,

2345-734: The Lion d'Argent) at the Cannes International Advertising Film Festival. Scherfig began her career as a director with the television film Margrethes elsker in 1985. Her directorial debut in film came with Kaj's fodselsdag . The film was critically successful and garnered her the Grand Jury prize and the Club Espace Award at the Rouen Nordic Film Festival . For a period of time following such success, Scherfig wrote and directed

2412-725: The Robert Festival, the Valladolid Film Festival, and the Warsaw International Film Festival. Wilbur Wants to Kill Himself garnered nominations from the British Independent Film Awards, the Chlotudis Awards, the Robert Festival, the Valladolid Film Festival, and came in second place at the Emden International Film Festival. It took home awards at the Festróia-Tróia International Film Festival,

2479-740: The UK , and in 2005 an American remake was released, following Jimmy Fallon 's character's obsession with the Boston Red Sox , a baseball team. With the book's success, Hornby began to publish articles in the Sunday Times , Time Out and the Times Literary Supplement , in addition to his music reviews for the New Yorker . High Fidelity — his third book and first novel — was published in 1995. The novel, about

2546-751: The US as Songbook ). Also in 2003, Hornby was awarded the London Award 2003, an award that was selected by fellow writers. Hornby has also written essays on various aspects of popular culture and, in particular, he has become known for his writing on pop music and mix tape enthusiasts. Since 2003, he has written a book review column, "Stuff I've Been Reading", for the monthly magazine The Believer ; all of these articles are collected between The Polysyllabic Spree (2004), Housekeeping vs. The Dirt (2006), Shakespeare Wrote for Money (2008), and More Baths Less Talking (2012). Hornby's novel A Long Way Down

2613-623: The Union (2019) and Just Like You (2020). Hornby has also developed a career as a screenwriter, and has said that he enjoys the challenge of working in film as opposed to writing novels. In his BAFTA and BFI Screenwriters' Lecture he said: "once you get to a certain point in your novelistic career, unless you screw up very badly the book is going to come out. With a screenplay there are all these hurdles that seem to have some kind of objectivity to them. The screenplay has to work and I love that." In 2009, Hornby adapted an autobiographical memoir by

2680-585: The aimless and obsessive natures of his protagonists. His books have sold more than 5 million copies worldwide as of 2018. In a 2004 poll for the BBC , Hornby was named the 29th most influential person in British culture . He has received two Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay nominations for An Education (2009), and Brooklyn (2015). Hornby was born in Redhill, Surrey , the son of Sir Derek Hornby ,

2747-508: The best for you." While receiving little commercial or critical spotlight, the film served as a bridge between Scherfig's earlier experiments and her more American successes. In 2009, An Education , Scherfig's most critically lauded film, was released. With a screenplay written by esteemed British fiction author Nick Hornby , the movie was based on journalist Lynn Barber's experiences as a teenager in post-war Britain. The film's story follows 16-year-old Jenny (played by Carey Mulligan ) as she

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2814-457: The chairman of London and Continental Railways , and Margaret Audrey Withers. He was brought up in Maidenhead , and educated at Maidenhead Grammar School and Jesus College, Cambridge , where he read English . His parents divorced when he was eleven. Before becoming a novelist, Hornby worked for a time as a secondary-school English teacher. Hornby published his first book in 1992,

2881-635: The course of a single evening. Universal Pictures distributed the film in the UK and Ireland. Scherfig has come to be recognised as a significant talent in the film industry for her experimentation with creative constraints and astute attention to detail. She has received a BAFTA nomination, a FIPRESCI Award , a Jury Prize at Berlin International Film Festival , and numerous other awards and nominations. Movies she has directed have received BAFTA and Oscar nominations, and numerous other awards and nominations. Kaj's fodselsdag won both

2948-422: The director ensures that all individuals involved in the film production are working towards an identical vision for the completed film. The set of varying challenges they have to tackle has been described as "a multi-dimensional jigsaw puzzle with egos and weather thrown in for good measure". It adds to the pressure that the success of a film can influence when and how they will work again, if at all. Generally,

3015-435: The director works with the editor to edit the material into the director's cut . Well-established directors have the " final cut privilege ", meaning that they have the final say on which edit of the film is released. For other directors, the studio can order further edits without the director's permission. The director is one of the few positions that requires intimate involvement during every stage of film production . Thus,

3082-478: The film industry throughout the world has a disproportionately higher number of male directors compared to female directors, and they provide as an example the fact that only 20% of films in Europe are directed by women. 44% of graduates from a sample of European films schools are women, and yet women are only 24% of working film directors in Europe. However only a fraction of film school graduates aspire to direct with

3149-514: The internet. Remaining Hornby lyrics provided the title song of the 2012 Ben Folds Five reunion album, The Sound of the Life of the Mind . In 2022, Hornby released the book Dickens and Prince , where he makes connections between the musician Prince and author Charles Dickens . Hornby has been married twice. He and his first wife have one son, born in 1993, who is autistic. Hornby's second wife

3216-550: The journalist Lynn Barber for the screen as An Education , a feature film starring Peter Sarsgaard and Carey Mulligan . He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay and for two BAFTAs . In 2014, Hornby adapted another autobiographical memoir, Cheryl Strayed 's Wild: From Lost to Found on the Pacific Crest Trail . Wild , which starred Reese Witherspoon and Laura Dern ,

3283-481: The jump from page to screen. Hornby wrote the screenplay for the first, a 1997 British adaptation of Fever Pitch , starring Colin Firth . It was followed by High Fidelity in 2000, starring John Cusack , with the action shifted from London to Chicago. After this success, About a Boy was quickly picked up, and released in 2002, starring Hugh Grant . An Americanized Fever Pitch , in which Jimmy Fallon plays

3350-472: The majority entering the industry in other roles. In Hollywood, women make up only 12.6 percent of film directors, as reported by a UCLA study of the 200 top theatrical films of 2017, but that number is a significant increase from 6.9% in 2016. As of 2014, there were only 20 women in the Directors Guild of Japan out of the 550 total members. Indian film directors are also greatly underrepresented by women, even compared to other countries, but there has been

3417-543: The most prestigious awards for directing, and there is even an award for worst directing given out during the Golden Raspberry Awards . Nick Hornby Nicholas Peter John Hornby (born 17 April 1957) is an English writer and lyricist. He is best known for his memoir Fever Pitch (1992) and novels High Fidelity and About a Boy , all of which were adapted into feature films. Hornby's work frequently touches upon music, sport, and

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3484-460: The movie was praised for Scherfig's ability to craft deep and interesting characters. Critic A.O. Scott mused that the film's tone "ranges from stoic to diffident to quizzical, at least on the surface. But there is an undercurrent of deep and complicated feeling beneath the Scottish reserve; it is signalled by the music, and by Ms. Scherfig's exquisite sense of nuance." Scherfig worked closely with

3551-548: The nature of professional relationships that occur during film production. A full degree course can be designed for up to five years of studying. Future directors usually complete short films during their enrollment. The National Film School of Denmark has the student's final projects presented on national TV. Some film schools retain the rights for their students' works. Many directors successfully prepared for making feature films by working in television. The German Film and Television Academy Berlin consequently cooperates with

3618-415: The position of film director is widely considered to be a highly stressful and demanding one. It has been said that "20-hour days are not unusual". Some directors also take on additional roles, such as producing, writing or editing. Under European Union law, the film director is considered the "author" or one of the authors of a film, largely as a result of the influence of auteur theory . Auteur theory

3685-640: The prolific writer Anders Thomas Jensen in developing a screenplay for this film. She aligned her work with the production companies Sigma Films and Zentropa. Although well received, Wilbur was not as commercially successful as Italian for Beginners . It served as a catalyst for her Dogme 95 related project called the Advance Party, in which both Scherfig and Jensen helped write characters for Lars Von Trier . Scherfig followed this by writing and directing another character-focused film: Just Like Home , released in 2007. In this comedic endeavour, set in

3752-407: The restrictions of the film's budget and the demands of the producer and studio (such as the need to get a particular age rating ). Directors also play an important role in post-production . While the film is still in production, the director sends " dailies " to the film editor and explains their overall vision for the film, allowing the editor to assemble an editor's cut . In post-production,

3819-465: The same name by David Nicholls and adapted by him as a screenplay, the movie marks a more turning point for Scherfig's career in reaching a larger audience than any of her previous films. The plot and story of the movie has been characterized as somewhat simple and predictable, but critics noted that Scherfig gave the dialogue and tone of the film a distinct freshness. The reputations of leading actors Anne Hathaway and Jim Sturgess both helped attract

3886-539: The same name . Tim Robey of The Daily Telegraph said it was "his strongest work ever as a screenwriter". According to Metacritic, the film is on eighty "top 10" lists for 2015. He was nominated for his second Oscar for writing the screenplay and received two BAFTA nominations, winning one. In 2016, Hornby adapted Nina Stibbe's book Love, Nina: Despatches from Family Life into a television series. Love, Nina received its debut on BBC One on 20 May 2016, and ran for five episodes. Several of Hornby's books have made

3953-403: The sole superiors of the director are the producers and the studio that is financing the film, although sometimes the director can also be a producer of the same film. The role of a director differs from producers in that producers typically manage the logistics and business operations of the production, whereas the director is tasked with making creative decisions. The director must work within

4020-477: The stressful, fast-paced environment of a film set. Moreover, it is necessary to have an artistic eye to frame shots and to give precise feedback to cast and crew, thus, excellent communication skills are a must. Because the film director depends on the successful cooperation of many different creative individuals with possibly strongly contradicting artistic ideals and visions, they also need to possess conflict-resolution skills to mediate whenever necessary. Thus

4087-419: The writer because there is no writer. Most of the other films I've done I've co-written, and I prefer it. But having said that, when you work with someone else's characters, you get a lot of gifts. You get an entire world, you get to portray people that you couldn't have made up, and entire worlds that are fascinating because they are not yours. It's much harder, I really think it's much harder Scherfig worked as

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4154-454: Was more liberated than it is now, and was definitely more innocent and less dangerous. I mean, when I was a teenager, the world was a lot safer than it is now for my daughter as a teenager, which meant that I could have a lot more fun. It wasn't risky the way it is now." She has also discussed the pleasures of working in a more collaborative spirit for this movie, commenting that the movie was "the same piece that we [were] all working on, and that

4221-410: Was nominated for Best Actress for Witherspoon and Best Supporting Actress for Dern. Speaking on the challenge of adapting such a packed book, Hornby said it was really a case of boiling everything down and making the realisation that he could have made a two-hour film without mentioning walking at all. In 2015, he wrote the script for the film Brooklyn , an adaptation of Colm Tóibín 's novel of

4288-465: Was nominated for an Academy Award for her performance; the film was nominated for Best Picture and Nick Hornby (for Adapted Screenplay). On making the film, Scherfig has talked about her focus on the theme of being an American teenager examined throughout the story, saying, "my guess is about America is that it's this combination of innocence and freedom that attracts you. Here in Denmark, as well, it

4355-510: Was published in 2005, with a film version of this book released in 2014. It was on the shortlist for the Whitbread Novel Award . Hornby has also edited two sports-related anthologies: My Favourite Year and The Picador Book of Sports Writing . Hornby's book Slam was published on 16 October 2007; it is his first novel for young adults and was recognised as a 2008 ALA Best Books for Young Adults . The protagonist of Slam

4422-446: Was really important to me as a director that everyone was making the same film, that everyone contributed to the package and tried to strengthen it and get as many facets as possible but not be over-inventive, [to] just tell the story as well as we possibly could." Scherfig's next film, titled One Day and released in 2011, follows the lives of two romantically engaged individuals as they intersect one day each year. Based on novel of

4489-421: Was released in 2018 starring Rose Byrne , Ethan Hawke and Chris O'Dowd . High Fidelity was also the basis for a 2006 eponymous musical that shifted the action to Brooklyn ; its book is by David Lindsay-Abaire with lyrics by Amanda Green , and music created by Tom Kitt . The production ran for a month in Boston , then moved to Broadway , closing after 18 previews and 14 regular performances. About

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