13-662: See text Loranthaceae , commonly known as the showy mistletoes , is a family of flowering plants . It consists of about 75 genera and 1,000 species of woody plants , many of them hemiparasites . The three terrestrial species are Nuytsia floribunda (the Western Australian Christmas tree), Atkinsonia ligustrina (from the Blue Mountains of Australia), and Gaiadendron punctatum (from Central/South America.) Loranthaceae are primarily xylem parasites, but their haustoria may sometimes tap
26-554: A lack of widespread consensus within the scientific community for extended periods. The continual publication of new data and diverse opinions plays a crucial role in facilitating adjustments and ultimately reaching a consensus over time. The naming of families is codified by various international bodies using the following suffixes: The taxonomic term familia was first used by French botanist Pierre Magnol in his Prodromus historiae generalis plantarum, in quo familiae plantarum per tabulas disponuntur (1689) where he called
39-499: Is commonly referred to as the "walnut family". The delineation of what constitutes a family— or whether a described family should be acknowledged— is established and decided upon by active taxonomists . There are not strict regulations for outlining or acknowledging a family, yet in the realm of plants, these classifications often rely on both the vegetative and reproductive characteristics of plant species. Taxonomists frequently hold varying perspectives on these descriptions, leading to
52-485: Is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy . It is classified between order and genus . A family may be divided into subfamilies , which are intermediate ranks between the ranks of family and genus. The official family names are Latin in origin; however, popular names are often used: for example, walnut trees and hickory trees belong to the family Juglandaceae , but that family
65-1636: Is thought to be the basal condition of the family., with the stem/branch parasitic habit evolving ca. 28-40 million years ago. However, Grimsson et al. (2017) estimate this as occurring somewhat earlier (ca. 40-52 million years ago). Remaining Santalales Nuytsia Atkinsonia Gaiadendron Alepis Amylotheca Cyne Decaisnina Elytranthe Lampas Lepeostegeres Lepidaria Loxanthera Lysiana Macrosolen Peraxilla Trilepidea Thaumasianthes Tupeia Desmaria Notanthera Ligaria Tristerix Aetanthus Cladocolea Dendropemon Maracanthus Oryctanthus Oryctina Panamanthus Passovia Peristethium Phthirusa Psittacanthus Struthanthus Tripodanthus Ileostylus Muellerina Cecarria Loranthus Amyema Baratranthus Benthamina Dactyliophora Diplatia Family (biology) Family ( Latin : familia , pl. : familiae )
78-491: The Genera Plantarum of George Bentham and Joseph Dalton Hooker this word ordo was used for what now is given the rank of family. Families serve as valuable units for evolutionary, paleontological, and genetic studies due to their relatively greater stability compared to lower taxonomic levels like genera and species. Muellerina (plant) Muellerina is a genus of parasitic aerial shrubs in
91-653: The phloem , while Tristerix aphyllus is almost holoparasitic . For a more complete description of the Australian Loranthaceae, see Flora of Australia online Archived 2018-04-01 at the Wayback Machine ., for the Malesian Loranthaceae see Flora of Malesia . Originally, Loranthaceae contained all mistletoe species, but the mistletoes of Europe and North America ( Viscum , Arceuthobium , and Phoradendron ) belong to
104-492: The family Loranthaceae . This Loranthaceae genus is distinguished from others by having Species include: The larvae of the Australian butterflies Delias harpalyce and Ogyris genoveva feed on Muellerina . An inventory of host plants for Muellerina spp. is given by Downey Muellerina is a member of Santalales , the mistletoe order, and is placed within the family Loranthaceae . The name Muellerina
117-539: The family Santalaceae . The APG II system 2003 assigns the family to the order Santalales in the clade core eudicots . Molecular phylogenetics suggests the following relationships of tribes, subtribes and genera: Nuytsia is sister to the rest of the Loranthaceae, with many characters, including its pollen, its fruit (dry and three winged), and the number of its cotyledons , differing substantially from all other Loranthaceae genera. The root parasitic habit
130-540: The family as a rank intermediate between order and genus was introduced by Pierre André Latreille in his Précis des caractères génériques des insectes, disposés dans un ordre naturel (1796). He used families (some of them were not named) in some but not in all his orders of "insects" (which then included all arthropods ). In nineteenth-century works such as the Prodromus of Augustin Pyramus de Candolle and
143-575: The seventy-six groups of plants he recognised in his tables families ( familiae ). The concept of rank at that time was not yet settled, and in the preface to the Prodromus Magnol spoke of uniting his families into larger genera , which is far from how the term is used today. In his work Philosophia Botanica published in 1751, Carl Linnaeus employed the term familia to categorize significant plant groups such as trees , herbs , ferns , palms , and so on. Notably, he restricted
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#1732797786651156-549: The use of this term solely within the book's morphological section, where he delved into discussions regarding the vegetative and generative aspects of plants. Subsequently, in French botanical publications, from Michel Adanson 's Familles naturelles des plantes (1763) and until the end of the 19th century, the word famille was used as a French equivalent of the Latin ordo (or ordo naturalis ). In zoology ,
169-401: Was first published by Philippe Édouard Léon Van Tieghem in 1895, where one New Zealand species, Muellerina raoullii , and two Australian species ( Muellerina celastroides and M. eucalyptifolia - now M. eucalyptoides ) are given. Further Australian Muellerina species are listed in van Tieghem. A further article by van Tieghem further discussing the relationships of Loranthaceae genera
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