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34-551: Four pairs of statues designed by sculptor Henry Hering and architect Frank Walker , officially named the Guardians of Traffic , are sculpted onto opposite-facing ends of two pairs of pylons, a pair at each end of the viaduct . They symbolize progress in transportation. Each Guardian holds a different vehicle in its hands: a hay wagon, a covered wagon, a stagecoach, and a 1930s -era automobile, as well as four types of motorized trucks used for construction. A bond issue to pay for

68-525: A May Show here." The bridge was renovated in the early 1980s. On September 1, 1983, the Lorain–Carnegie bridge was officially renamed the "Hope Memorial Bridge". Press reports vary regarding whom the name honors: William Henry "Harry" Hope, a local stonemason who helped build the Guardians of Traffic sculptures, and the father of comedian and former Cleveland resident Bob Hope ; Bob Hope himself;

102-477: A building near the crash. At the time, newspaper coverage of the accident reported that, although the artist was not in his studio at the time, about $ 75,000 worth of his work was destroyed. He died in New York City in 1949. Hering's reputation as a sculptor decreased as International Modernism dispensed with architectural, figurative and allegorical work. As with many other such artists Hering's oeuvre

136-589: A full Academician in 1937. His work was also part of the sculpture event in the art competition at the 1932 Summer Olympics . Hering is further remembered in relation to the crash of an American B-25 military airplane into New York City's Empire State Building on July 28, 1945. The largest sections of the plane remained lodged in the building, or fell directly to the streets below. However, one engine ripped from its wing and traveled some distance away before landing in Hering's top floor penthouse studio, located in

170-577: A single bid, from Los Angeles’ Olympic Committee led by Billy May Garland , and as there were no bids from any other city, Los Angeles was selected by default to host the 1932 Games. Charles Curtis became the first and only U.S. Vice President to inaugurate the Olympic Games . An Olympic Village was built for the first time and became a model for future games, in Baldwin Hills , occupied by male athletes. Female athletes were housed at

204-567: Is now being reexamined in a more positive light. The National Sculpture Society gives out the Henry Hering Award for noteworthy collaboration between sculptor and architect. On July 23, 2021, Cleveland's Major League Baseball franchise announced plans to replace its "Indians" nickname with the "Guardians", taking inspiration from Hering's eight monumental Guardians of Traffic statues on Hope Memorial Bridge . 1932 Summer Olympics The 1932 Summer Olympics (officially

238-773: Is well known for his work as an architectural sculptor. Much of his work consists of allegorical figures done in the Beaux-Arts tradition , although a few of his later works, such as the detailing in Severance Hall and the Hope Memorial Bridge in Cleveland , Ohio , were done in the Art Deco style. In 1928, he was elected into the National Academy of Design as an Associate member and became

272-761: The 1984 Summer Olympics , the Coliseum and the Rose Bowl were used as venues . A total of 37 nations were represented at the 1932 Games. Colombia made its first appearance at the Olympic Games, and the Republic of China competed for the first time after its failed appearance at the 1924 Games . The nations that participated in the previous games in Amsterdam 1928 but was absent in Los Angeles 1932

306-487: The American Football League 's Chargers used the Coliseum as a venue in 1960 until their move to San Diego the following year. The Coliseum continues to host USC Trojans football games to this day, and also hosted UCLA Bruins football for a number of years. The Rams returned to the Coliseum for a span of four years from 2016 to 2019 while SoFi Stadium was being built. The track constructed in

340-490: The Art Students League of New York . He then went to Paris where he studied at the École des Beaux-Arts . Following his return from Paris Hering worked as an assistant to Augustus Saint-Gaudens until Saint-Gaudens' death in 1907. In 1910, Hering married another long time Saint-Gaudens' assistant, Elsie Ward , who gave up her independent career as a sculptor, to serve as her husband's assistant. Henry Hering

374-623: The Games of the X Olympiad and also known as Los Angeles 1932 ) were an international multi-sport event held from July 30 to August 14, 1932, in Los Angeles , California, United States. The Games were held during the worldwide Great Depression , with some nations not traveling to Los Angeles as a result; 37 countries competed, compared to the 46 at the 1928 Games in Amsterdam , and even then-U.S. President Herbert Hoover did not attend

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408-708: The Rose Bowl Game , and was the home of the Major League Soccer (MLS) Los Angeles Galaxy from 1996 to 2003. Elysian Park's shooting range was left intact for the LAPD to use. Sunset Fields Golf Club was renamed Brentwood Country Club in 1941 and is still in use as of 2010. All of the road courses were returned to public usage after the Olympics. The Olympic Auditorium continued to be of use for boxing and roller derby events until June 2005 when it

442-606: The Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI). The Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum , constructed in 1923, was used as the Olympic Stadium. The Olympic Auditorium was constructed in 1924 in preparation for Los Angeles being awarded the Games; it was modified to meet the specifications of the boxing, weightlifting, and wrestling federations. Long Beach Marine Stadium was created in 1925 when Alamitos Bay

476-454: The high jump where she was controversially denied gold, leaving her with silver. As women, unlike men, were only allowed to enter a maximum of three events, Didrikson could not compete in the discus throw, long jump, and relay where she would have likely medaled based on her prior results. Had the 200 meters and pentathlon been contested at these games (they debuted in 1964), Didrikson would have won them easily based on her performances prior to

510-640: The 1000 time trial . The Dunc Gray Velodrome , built for the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games , was named after him. 117 events in 20 disciplines, comprising 14 sports, were part of the Olympic program in 1932. In one of two Equestrian jumping events (team competitions) no medals were awarded. The number of events in each discipline is noted in parentheses. The Art competitions at the 1932 Summer Olympics awarded medals for works inspired by sport-related themes in five categories: architecture, literature, music, painting, and sculpture. Fifteen sports venues were used for

544-475: The 1932 Summer Olympics. In order to control costs in the wake of the Great Depression , existing venues were used. They included two golf courses , two city parks , three public highways, and a city road. The Swimming Stadium was the only new venue constructed for these games. The Rose Bowl , constructed in 1921, was made into a temporary velodrome for track cycling events under the auspices of

578-462: The 1932 games. Helene Madison won three gold medals in swimming, while the Japanese upset the men's events and took all but one title. Kusuo Kitamura won the gold medal in the men's 1500 meter freestyle swimming race. He was and continues to be the youngest ever male swimmer to win a gold medal at the Olympic Games. Takeichi Nishi (Baron Nishi) was the gold medalist with his horse Uranus in

612-484: The 2nd 1959 MLB All-Star Game and games 3, 4 & 5 of the 1959 World Series . When Dodger Stadium was completed in 1962 , the Dodgers moved there where they have been since. The National Football League (NFL) Los Angeles Rams used the Coliseum as its host stadium from 1946 to 1979 when it moved to Anaheim , located southeast of Los Angeles. It also hosted what became known as Super Bowl I in 1967. Even

646-654: The Chapman Park Hotel on Wilshire Boulevard . Tenth Street, a major thoroughfare in Los Angeles, was renamed Olympic Boulevard in honor of the Games of the Tenth Olympiad. The Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum was known in 1932 as Olympic Stadium . The victory podium was used for the first time at the summer games (a podium was also used earlier in the year at the 1932 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid). An Olympic mascot , Scottish Terrier Smoky ,

680-554: The Cleveland Indians of Major League Baseball changed their name to the Cleveland Guardians ; the choice was inspired by the Guardians of Traffic , which neighbor Progressive Field, the team's home ballpark. Henry Hering Henry Hering (February 15, 1874 – January 15, 1949) was an American sculptor. He was a student of Augustus Saint-Gaudens at Cooper Union and of Philip Martiny at

714-634: The Coliseum in 1932, was intended to be a temporary structure. Riverside Drive, Los Angeles Avenue, Vineyard Avenue, and the Pacific Coast Highway were common driving routes in California at the time of the 1932 Games. The Coliseum was the first (& temporary) Los Angeles home for the National League (NL) Dodgers baseball team when it moved from Brooklyn, New York before the 1958 season . The following year, it hosted

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748-454: The Games. The organizing committee did not report the financial details of the Games, although contemporary newspapers stated that the Games had made a profit of US$ 1 million (equivalent to US$ 18.19 million in 2023) . The selection of the host city for the 1932 Summer Olympics was made at the 23rd IOC Session in Rome , Italy, on April 9, 1923. Remarkably, the selection process consisted of

782-426: The Olympics. In field hockey , only three nations took part. The host nation lost both matches, 1–24 to India and 2–9 to Japan, but still won a bronze medal. Romeo Neri won three gold medals in gymnastics. Although women's team gymnastics debuted in the previous Olympics , the event was not held in these games; however, there were women gymnasts who traveled to Los Angeles and participated in exhibition events at

816-590: The Rose Bowl was given to the Tournament of Roses Association upon completion of the 1932 Games. The Bowl was expanded between 1932 and the 1984 Summer Olympics three times, increasing its capacity from 83,000 in 1931 to 104,594 in 1972. It hosted Super Bowl XI in 1977, where the Oakland Raiders defeated the Minnesota Vikings 32–14. It is the current home of UCLA Bruins football and

850-584: The Swedish officials had used devious tricks in their campaign against Nurmi's amateur status, and ceased all athletic relations with Sweden. A year earlier, controversies on the track and in the press had led Finland to withdraw from the Finland-Sweden athletics international . After Nurmi's suspension, Finland did not agree to return to the event until 1939. Eddie Tolan won both the 100 m and 200 m sprint events. Poland's Stanisława Walasiewicz won

884-475: The bridge was passed in 1921, but construction was delayed for years due to squabbles over how the money would be spent. The bridge was completed in 1932 at a cost of $ 4.75 million ($ 106,080,000 with inflation). It stands 93 feet (28 meters) above the river's waterline in order to allow shipping to pass unobstructed. A second, lower deck designed to carry truck and commercial traffic was never put into service. The bridge had originally been planned to go through

918-551: The entire Hope family; or Harry Hope along with the other workers who helped erect the Guardians of Traffic . On December 10, 2012, officials opened a 14.5-foot-wide (4.4 m) multi-use path on the north side of the bridge, part of a project which also added lighting to the Guardians of Traffic . The inaugural Guardian Mile road race was run across the bridge on August 11, 2018. The elite field boasts multiple Olympians and $ 14,000 up for grabs in prize money, as well as races for runners of all ages and levels. On November 19, 2021,

952-465: The equestrian show jumping individual event . Nishi's gold medal is Japan's only gold medal in the equestrian event to this day. Nishi died in 1945 as an officer stationed in the defense of the island of Iwo Jima , and as such is an important character in Clint Eastwood 's film, Letters from Iwo Jima . Dunc Gray won Australia's first cycling gold medal; he set a world record of 1m 13s in

986-485: The gold medal in the women's 100 m; she also won the silver medal in the event four years later. After her death in 1980, it was discovered that she was intersex and would have been ineligible to participate under modern rules. Due to an official's error, the 3,000 m steeplechase went for 3,460 m, or one extra lap. Several women's events debuted at these games, among them the 80 meters hurdles and javelin throw . Babe Didrikson won both events and also competed in

1020-586: The location of the Erie Street Cemetery on East 9th Street. The bridge was listed in the National Register of Historic Places on October 8, 1976, after a controversy in which Cuyahoga County engineer Albert S. Porter threatened to remove the historic pylons to widen the span, stating, "Those columns are monstrosities and should be torn down and forgotten. There is nothing particularly historic about any one of them. We're not running

1054-601: Was Bulgaria , Chile , Egypt , Lithuania , Luxembourg , Malta , Monaco , Panama , Rhodesia and Romania . At the time, Australia and New Zealand were dominions of the British Empire . India was also part of the British Empire, but was not a dominion. With the Statute of Westminster 1931 Ireland , Canada and South Africa are recognized as sovereign states in their own right. The whole statute

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1088-587: Was bought to be used as a megachurch. Los Angeles Harbor continues to be a major sea port in the Western United States, employing 919,000 people and generating US$ 39.1 billion in annual wages and tax revenues as of 2007. The Riveria Country Club continues to host golf events, hosting the 1948 U.S. Open and the PGA Championship in 1983 and 1995 . The Swim Stadium was renovated in 2003 and continues to be in use as of 2010. For

1122-615: Was dredged, then further dredged seven years later in time for the 1932 Games. Elysian Park , the oldest city park in Los Angeles, was founded in 1886, and has been part of the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) training academy since 1925. The Riviera Country Club opened in 1926 as the Los Angeles Athletic Club Golf Course and was renamed Riviera by the time of the 1932 Games. The Swimming Stadium, constructed adjacent to

1156-471: Was featured for the first time in history, albeit unofficially. Babe Didrikson won two gold medals in the javelin and the hurdles event. She also competed in a jump-off for a gold in the high jump. Her technique in the jump-off was ruled illegal, leaving Didrikson with second place. Finland's Paavo Nurmi was suspended from competition by the IAAF for alleged violation of amateur rules. Finns charged that

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