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49-608: Baron Fairhaven , of Anglesey Abbey in the County of Cambridge, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom . It was created in 1961 for Urban Huttleston Broughton, 1st Baron Fairhaven , with remainder to his younger brother, Henry Rogers Broughton (1900–1973). He had already been created Baron Fairhaven , of Lode in the County of Cambridge, in 1929, with remainder to the heirs male of his body. The first Baron Fairhaven

98-415: A country house , built on the remains of a priory , 98 acres (400,000 m ) of gardens and landscaped grounds, and a working mill. The priory was closed in 1536 during the dissolution of the monasteries and a Jacobean-style house was built on the site of the ruins in about 1600. Owners down the centuries included Thomas Hobson and his Parker descendants, and three local clergymen. The last private owner

147-576: A composting system to improve drainage and help retain water in a drought. Ten years later 95% of garden waste was composted. To the north-west of the house, a block of farm buildings was converted into a large bungalow, complete with a swimming pool, to serve as the Summer House for the Fairhaven family in the days when they used to occupy Anglesey Abbey house in the winter before they moved to Kirtling Tower in 2004. The grounds are bounded on

196-488: A crossing avenue at the far end. The trees used were London plane alternating with horse chestnut in four rows, copying those planted in Windsor Great Park . Storm damage in 1968 removed most of the plane trees leaving only the horse chestnut trees. The Temple Lawn was created in 1953 to commemorate the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II . In front of the house to the south there is a formal lawn and beyond it

245-400: A fortune from their maternal grandfather, an American oil baron Henry Huttleston Rogers , and could live a life of leisure devoting themselves to owning and breeding racehorses , collecting art and creating gardens. The brothers made several alterations to the house soon after they bought it, converting the monks' day room from an entrance hall into a dining room, moving the front porch, adding

294-578: A free entry. In 2018/19 there were 382,235 visitors to Anglesey Abbey, making it the eleventh most visited National Trust property open at a charge. In 1978 the mill was restored to working order by the Cambridgeshire Wind and Watermill Society and flour can be bought in the mill or the shop. A new visitor centre with a restaurant and shop was opened in 2008. Seasonal attractions include the winter lights festival, snowdrop and daffodil tours in spring, and summer outdoor cinema. In March 2020

343-482: A local style of architecture popular in Northeast England in the early to mid 17th century. Historians often classify this architecture as a subtype of colonial American architecture, called First Period architecture, however there is an enormous amount of overlap between the architecture of the commoner class in early 17th century England and colonial America architecture, where some of the key features of

392-535: A series of Tudor portrait panels. Lord Fairhaven collected over 750 paintings, prints and drawings of Windsor Castle. His interest in the castle dates from his youth when his parents had a country house near Windsor, and from when he was later stationed at the castle with his regiment. The Windsor collection was catalogued by art historian Cyril Bunt in 1949. Although most of the paintings in Anglesey Abbey are by British artists, foreign artists are represented in

441-410: A service wing and building a stable block from remaining medieval masonry. Several sketches he made of the house survive. He was also responsible for planting trees, including cedars , wellingtonia , weeping elm and silver lime , along the drive to the house. Reverend Hailstone lived in the house after his resignation as vicar of Bottisham in 1861 until he died in 1877. His widow sold it in 1888 to

490-419: A silver Shield of Achilles by John Flaxman . The library at Anglesey Abbey contains over 6000 books, mostly ordinary reading books in fine bindings with about a thousand collector's books. The 98 acres (400,000 m ) of Grade II* listed landscaped grounds at Anglesey Abbey are divided into several avenues, walks, vistas, and gardens, with classical statuary and flowerbeds. It was Lord Fairhaven who laid out

539-483: A stone newell staircase and putting in fireplaces and panelling. The work was done by architect Sidney Parvin from the London firm of interior designers Turner Lord, and featured in a 1930 edition of Country Life . Henry moved out when he married in 1932, leaving his older brother, by then Lord Fairhaven (having been given the barony that was about to be bestowed on his father, Urban H. Broughton , when he died) as

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588-452: Is a meadow where earthworks mark the position of fishponds from the original priory. In 1964 American landscape gardener Lanning Roper wrote a book, The Gardens of Anglesey Abbey , in which he described the careful planning of the garden with its many vistas, avenues, rare and common trees, pools, statues and river temples. He describes how huge areas of sky and mown grass were used to balance symmetrical planting and how Lord Fairhaven used

637-480: Is an example of the later extension of the Elizabethan prodigy house , with turreted Tudor-style wings at each end with their mullioned windows but the two wings linked by an Italianate Renaissance facade. This central facade, originally an open loggia , has been attributed to Inigo Jones himself; however, the central porch carries a heavier quasi-gatehouse emphasis, so the attribution is probably false. Inside

686-509: Is represented by paintings by Alfred Munnings , including a picture of a drum horse of the 1st Life Guards (Lord Fairhaven's old regiment), and a portrait by Oswald Birley of Lord Fairhaven in the ceremonial uniform of his regiment. There are paintings by John Constable , Thomas Gainsborough (a rare seascape), Richard Parkes Bonington , Edwin Landseer and the Pether family as well as

735-739: The third Baron . The title is unusual in referring to a town in the United States , Fairhaven in Massachusetts , which was the birthplace of the first Baron. The family seat is Anglesey Abbey, now in the care of the National Trust, near Lode , Cambridgeshire . Before becoming the 2nd Baron Fairhaven, Henry Rogers Broughton created the Fairhaven Woodland and Water Garden in South Walsham, Norfolk. This

784-484: The 13th century; the "oak room" with its oak panelling and plaster ceiling copied from that of the Reindeer Inn at Banbury ; the dining room formed from the monks' day room; the tapestry hall; the service wing; the library, where various royal visitors have engraved their names on a window; several first floor bedrooms; and the two-storey picture gallery. Furniture includes an Italian Renaissance refectory table in

833-473: The 24 directors of the East India Company from 1717 to 1721. Jacobean architecture Courtiers continued to build large prodigy houses , even though James spent less time on summer progresses around his realm than Elizabeth had. The influence of Flemish and German Northern Mannerism increased, now often executed by recruited craftsmen and artists, rather than obtained from books as in

882-436: The Fairhaven coat-of-arms. There are a large number of clocks in the house with pride of place going to a four-tier pagoda-shaped clock in the living room. The art collection at Anglesey Abbey reflects Lord Fairhaven's taste for British painting of the nineteenth century and earlier, with a particular fondness for views of Windsor Castle , landscapes, animal and bird paintings, and nudes by William Etty . The twentieth century

931-715: The Jacobean era often outlived James I and VI owing to less contact between the American colonists and the fashions of England. When the Puritans arrived in the winter of 1620 in New England, there was very little time to waste owing to the bitterly cold weather and the fact that many of the occupants of the ship that brought them, the Mayflower , were very ill and needed to get into housing before circumstances could allow

980-466: The New World, the men and women that built the homes and buildings that formed the infrastructure of these towns and the others that followed over the coming century often built edifices that were consistent with Jacobean vernacular architecture in the portion of England that they originated from: for example, the clapboard common to houses in New England and later Nova Scotia to this day are derived from

1029-603: The Reverend James George Clark, who lived there with his family until 1912, when he was given a living in Hertfordshire and tenants were found for Anglesey Abbey. Anglesey Abbey was sold in 1926 to two brothers, Urban Huttleston Broughton (later 1st Baron Fairhaven) and Henry Rogers Broughton, who purchased it for its proximity to the horse-racing town of Newmarket and their stud at Great Barton near Bury St Edmunds . The brothers had inherited

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1078-482: The Windsor collection and there are also flower pieces by Ambrosius Bosschaert and Jean-Baptiste de Fontenay , as well as three paintings by Claude Lorrain . Sculpture in the collection includes 18th-century marble horses, a 15th-century continental wooden figure of St Jerome, a bronze bull by Antoine-Louis Barye , and a collection of bronzes by R. Tait McKenzie , Frederic Leighton , Alfred Gilbert and others, and

1127-731: The author deemed it advisable to publish a letter from a canon of the Church, stating that there was nothing in his architectural designs that was contrary to religion. It is to publications of this kind that Jacobean architecture owes the perversion of its forms and the introduction of strap work and pierced crestings, which appear for the first time at Wollaton Hall (1580); at Bramshill House , Hampshire (1607–1612), and in Holland House , Kensington (1624), it receives its fullest development. Hatfield House , built in its entirety by Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury , between 1607 and 1611,

1176-405: The boundary of his property. The mill had been built in the 18th century but had been converted to grind cement rather than corn in 1900. Lord Fairhaven converted the grounds of Anglesey Abbey, which had been largely meadow and grazing land when the brothers bought the property, into an 18th-century style park with avenues of trees, flower gardens, statuary and ornaments. The final addition to

1225-464: The commencement of Wollaton Hall , a copybook of the orders was brought out in Antwerp by Hans Vredeman de Vries . Although nominally based on the description of the orders by Vitruvius , the author indulged freely not only in his rendering of them, but in suggestions of his own, showing how the orders might be employed in various buildings. Those suggestions were of a most decadent type, so that even

1274-557: The demolished priory into a Jacobean-style house. The walls of the chapter house were incorporated into the main part of the domestic dwelling, with the calefactory or monks' day room to the north left as an outbuilding. Subsequent owners included the Cambridge carrier Thomas Hobson (of "Hobson's Choice"), his son-in-law barrister Thomas Parker and descendants, Cambridgeshire MP Samuel Shepheard and his daughter Lady Irvine, and George Leonard Jenyns . Owners did not always occupy

1323-537: The dining room, chairs embroidered by Lord Fairhaven's mother in the living room, a white japanned Chippendale dressing table that once belonged to actor David Garrick in one of the bedrooms, and bookshelves made from the piles of John Rennie's Waterloo Bridge in the library. The tapestry collection includes, as well as seventeenth-century works, one commissioned by Lord Fairhaven from the Cambridge Tapestry Company depicting Anglesey Abbey and

1372-467: The diseases on board to spread further. Those that were still able bodied had to act quickly and as a result the first buildings of New England most resembled the wattle and daub cottages of the common people back home, especially of places like East Anglia and Devonshire , with the thatched roofs that remained common in England until the 1660s differing only in that the main material chosen for thatching

1421-466: The first Baron Fairhaven had no male heirs, in 1961 he was created Baron Fairhaven, of Anglesey Abbey in the County of Cambridge, with special remainder to his younger brother, Henry. On the Baron's death in 1966, the barony of 1929 became extinct. The barony of 1961 and title 2nd Baron Fairhaven passed to the younger brother Henry Rogers Broughton. Upon his death in 1973 the title then passed to his only son,

1470-405: The general lines of Elizabethan design remained, there was a more consistent and unified application of formal design, both in plan and elevation. Much use was made of columns and pilasters , round-arch arcades , and flat roofs with openwork parapets . These and other classical elements appeared in a free and fanciful vernacular rather than with any true classical purity. With them were mixed

1519-486: The grounds in the style of an eighteenth-century park. He was responsible for replanting the rose garden and creating the dahlia garden, the herbaceous garden, the hyacinth garden and the Narcissus garden (so called because it has a statue of Narcissus in it) for seasonal bedding. To commemorate the coronation of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth in 1937, Lord Fairhaven planted an extensive avenue of trees with

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1568-415: The house is also notable for its contents. Lord Fairhaven's collection includes furniture, paintings and sculptures, clocks, tapestries, books, and objets d'art and, according to the author of a guide to Anglesey Abbey, expresses "an eclectic taste and refreshing disregard for fashion". Rooms open to the public include the living room that initially formed the chapter house of the monastery and dates from

1617-446: The house themselves; it was leased out as a farmhouse at times. By the time Thomas Parker died in 1643 the property was known as Anglesey Abbey, rather than Priory. In 1848 Reverend John Hailstone, vicar of the neighbouring parish of Bottisham , son of botanist Samuel Hailstone and nephew of a geologist John Hailstone , purchased Anglesey Abbey and carried out restorations, converting the monks' day room into an entrance hall, adding

1666-513: The house, a two-storey picture gallery designed by Sir Albert Richardson , was completed in 1956. When Lord Fairhaven died in 1966, Anglesey Abbey was left to the National Trust together with an endowment of £300,000. Lord Fairhaven had stated in his will that the house should be preserved as "a complete and furnished entity so that it retains as far as possible the character of an English Home". In addition to its Grade I listing ,

1715-908: The house, the elaborately carved staircase demonstrates the Renaissance influence on English ornament. Other Jacobean buildings of note are Crewe Hall , Cheshire ; Knole House , near Sevenoaks in Kent ; Charlton House in Charlton, London ; Holland House by John Thorpe ; Plas Teg near Pontblyddyn , between Wrexham and Mold in Wales; Bank Hall in Bretherton; Castle Bromwich Hall near Solihull; Lilford Hall in Northamptonshire and Chastleton House in Oxfordshire. Although

1764-486: The last private owner of Anglesey Abbey. Lord Fairhaven made extensive additions to the house to provide room for his rapidly expanding collection of books, paintings, tapestries, clocks, furniture and objets d'art. The library wing, designed by Sidney Parvin, was added in 1937 and was followed by the Tapestry Hall, a staircase hall off the dining room, in 1939. In 1934 Lord Fairhaven bought and restored Lode Mill on

1813-593: The mid nineteenth and the mid twentieth century in Duxbury, Massachusetts, a town across the harbor from Plymouth, also settled by the original Pilgrim Fathers, and inhabited just eight years later, reveal that the original homes were very narrow and small, averaging approximately forty feet long by fifteen feet wide. This concurs with the dimensions of houses that would have been found amongst the English commoner classes (specifically yeoman and small farmers) as evidenced by

1862-419: The northwest by Bottisham Lode, with Lode Mill, bought and restored by Lord Fairhaven in 1934, at its head. To the south of the mill is the quarry pool, a large pool believed to be the site of a 19th-century coprolite mine . Anglesey Abbey, officially known as Anglesey Abbey, Gardens and Lode Mill, was until 2020 open to the public all year round. There is an admission charge, with National Trust members having

1911-479: The previous reign. There continued to be very little building of new churches, although there was a considerable amount of modifications to old ones and a great deal of secular building. The reign of James VI of Scotland (also James I of England from 1603 to 1625), a disciple of the new scholarship, saw the first decisive adoption of Renaissance motifs in a free form communicated to England through German and Flemish carvers rather than directly from Italy . Although

1960-565: The prismatic rustications and ornamental detail of scrolls, straps , and lozenges also characteristic of Elizabethan design. The style influenced furniture design and other decorative arts . Reproductions of the Classical orders had already found their way into English architecture during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I , frequently based upon John Shute 's The First and Chief Grounds of Architecture , published in 1563, with two other editions in 1579 and 1584. In 1577, three years before

2009-667: The property was closed to visitors due to the COVID-19 pandemic , with the gardens and park re-opening in June 2020. Anglesey Abbey was featured in the National Trust's 2020 Interim Report on the Connections between Colonialism and Properties now in the Care of the National Trust, Including Links with Historic Slavery since Samuel Shepheard, who bought the property in 1739 but did not live there or make any additions to it, had been one of

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2058-419: The reign of Henry I (i.e., between 1100 and 1135) and endowed as a priory by Richard de Clare in 1212. The priory was closed in 1536 during the dissolution of the monasteries . Three years later it was granted to a lawyer, John Hynde . The priory was largely demolished and materials used in the construction of Madingley Hall . The Fowkes family acquired the property in 1595 and converted what remained of

2107-645: The surviving tax rolls of the Jacobean era. Examples of original Jacobean architecture in the Americas include Drax Hall Great House and St. Nicholas Abbey , both located in Barbados , and Bacon's Castle in Surry County, Virginia . In the 19th century, the Jacobean Gothic or " Jacobethan " style was briefly popular. Excellent examples are Coxe Hall, Williams Hall, and Medbury Hall, which define

2156-578: The term is generally employed of the style which prevailed in England during the first quarter of the 17th century, its peculiar decadent detail will be found nearly twenty years earlier at Wollaton Hall, Nottingham , and in Oxford and Cambridge examples exist up to 1660, notwithstanding the introduction of the purer Italian style by Inigo Jones in 1619 at Whitehall . In 1607 and 1620, England founded her first successful colonies: Jamestown, Virginia and Plymouth, Massachusetts . As with other settlers in

2205-614: The trees and shrubs to make groups of contrasting colour and foliage. Three generations of the local Ayres family have worked in the gardens since 1921, with Noel and Richard becoming head gardeners. A Winter Garden was opened in 1998 in Lord Fairhaven's memory. In 2013 Richard Todd, head gardener at Anglesey Abbey since 1974, received the British Empire Medal for his years of service to the trust and national heritage. In 1999 he had been responsible for establishing

2254-428: Was Lord Fairhaven who lived in the house from 1926 until he died in 1966. He made extensive additions to the house to accommodate his collection of furniture, art, books and objets d'art and landscaped the grounds. On his death, he left the house and its contents to the National Trust. Anglesey Abbey was built on the remains of a priory of Augustinian Canons regular , which was founded as a hospital of St Mary during

2303-413: Was grass found in the local salt marshes. Most of these would have been hall and parlor dwellings with a simple central chimney, a feature of British architecture since the earlier Elizabethan era, a timber frame, a squat lower floor and an upper floor with bare beams and a space to be used for storage. Measurements of the archaeological remains of houses owned by Myles Standish and John Alden done in

2352-482: Was left in trust on his death in 1973 The heir apparent is the present holder's son, the Hon. James Henry Ailwyn Broughton (b. 1963) The next in line to the heir apparent is his son, George Ailwyn James Broughton (b. 1997) Anglesey Abbey Anglesey Abbey is a National Trust property in the village of Lode , 5 + 1 ⁄ 2 miles (8.9 km) northeast of Cambridge , England . The property includes

2401-502: Was the eldest son of Urban Hanlon Broughton , a civil engineer, businessman and Conservative Member of Parliament who died in January 1929 before his intended elevation to the peerage as Baron Fairhaven. At the same time, Lord Fairhaven's mother, Cara Leland Broughton, daughter of the American industrialist Henry Huttleston Rogers , was granted Royal warrant to the style and title as if her husband had been created Baron Fairhaven. As

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