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30-579: The Los Angeles Convention Center is a convention center in the southwest section of Downtown Los Angeles , California , United States. It hosts multiple annual conventions and has often been used as a filming location in TV shows and movies. The convention center, designed by architect Charles Luckman , opened in 1971 and expanded in 1981, 1993 and 1997. It was originally built as a rectangular building, between Pico Boulevard and 11th Street (now Chick Hearn Ct.) on Figueroa Street . The northeast portion of

60-454: A 1 inch (25 mm) layer of sandy concrete. Before this layer sets, terrazzo workers partially embed metal divider strips in the concrete wherever there is to be a joint or change of color in the terrazzo. For the final layer, terrazzo workers blend and place into each of the panels a fine marble chip mixture that may be color-pigmented. While the mixture is still wet, workers toss additional marble chips of various colors into each panel and roll

90-460: A 299-seat theater. The lobby floors in the north half of the building feature two large 140,000 sq ft (13,000 m) multicolor maps of inlaid terrazzo . The project was installed by artist Alexis Smith in 1993. A map of the world centered on the Pacific Rim covers the entire floor of the main lobby, while a map of the constellations around the north celestial pole covers

120-527: A convention center. In Francophone countries, the term is palais des congrès (such as the Palais des Congrès de Paris ) or centre des congrès (such as the Centre des congrès de Quebec). The original convention centers or halls were in castles and palaces . Originally a hall in a castle would be designed to allow a large group of lords, knights and government officials to attend important meetings with

150-405: A flexible membrane can be installed so that cracks do not appear on the surface. Unbonded includes the sand cushion method which uses wire reinforcing, an isolation sheet, and sand dusting that absorbs any movement from the concrete slab. Although terrazzo derives from the mosaic artform, it does not necessarily place individual pieces in a decorative pattern. Instead, small pieces are thrown into

180-560: A high input of energy. Gourdin and Kingery (1975) estimate that the production of any given amount of lime requires about five times that amount of wood. Recent experiments by Affonso and Pernicka have shown that only twice the amount is needed, but that would still amount to 4.5 metric tonnes of dry wood for the floors in Çayönü. Other sites with terrazzo floors include Nevalı Çori, Göbekli Tepe , Jericho , and Kastros ( Cyprus ). Terrazzo artisans create walls, floors, patios , and panels by exposing marble chips and other fine aggregates on

210-525: A later rejected NFL stadium proposal in Carson started to get off the ground. A new proposal was developed in 2015, approved by city hall and a design team was chosen. A new convention hall, called "LACOEX", would be built, with a connection to the south hall. Convention center A convention center ( American English ; or conference centre in British English ) is a large building that

240-699: A part of the Live Site Olympic Zone down Figueroa St. Boxing was originally included in the plans, however the IOC decided to drop the sport from the Olympic sport program. The convention center is one of the largest convention centers in the United States with over 720,000 sq ft (67,000 m) of exhibition space, 147,000 sq ft (13,700 m) of meeting space, 19.6 million sq ft (1,820,000 m) of parking, and

270-636: A weighted roller (100–125 pounds (45–57 kg)) over the entire surface. In the 1970s, polymer -based terrazzo was introduced and is called thin-set terrazzo. Initially polyester and vinyl ester resins were used as the binder resin. Today, most of the terrazzo installed is epoxy terrazzo. The advantages of this material over cementitious terrazzo include a wider selection of colors, 1 ⁄ 4 to 3 ⁄ 8 inch (6.4 to 9.5 mm) installation thickness, lighter weight, faster installation, impermeable finish, higher strength, and less susceptibility to cracking. The disadvantage of epoxy resin–based terrazzo

300-504: Is designed to hold a convention , where individuals and groups gather to promote and share common interests. Convention centers typically offer sufficient floor area to accommodate several thousand attendees. Very large venues, suitable for major trade shows , are sometimes known as exhibition halls . Convention centers typically have at least one auditorium and may also contain concert halls , lecture halls , meeting rooms , and conference rooms . Some large resort area hotels include

330-494: Is that it can only be used for interior, not exterior, applications. Epoxy-based terrazzo will lose its color and slightly peel when used outdoors, whereas cement-based terrazzo will not. In addition to marble aggregate blends, other aggregates have been used, such as mother of pearl and abalone shell. Recycled aggregates include: glass, porcelain, concrete, and metal. Shapes and medallions can be fabricated on site by bending divider strips, or off site by water-jet cutting . When

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360-628: The 2021 WNBA season at the convention center due to scheduling conflicts at their main home venue, the Staples Center , as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic 's delays in other league schedules. The convention center was configured with limited seating and drew an average of 1,144 spectators per game. The convention center will host five sports during the 2028 Summer Olympics . It will host Women's basketball preliminary games, Fencing , Taekwondo , Table Tennis and BMX racing . It will be

390-675: The Crypto.com Arena ) until 2013, when the pre-telecast was moved to the Nokia Theatre (now the Microsoft Theater). The 2021 awards were held in and around the convention center, owing to the COVID-19 pandemic . Following the annual Primetime Emmy Awards ceremony, the convention center hosts the Governors Ball, one of the major Emmy after-parties. The Los Angeles Sparks played 11 of their 16 home games during

420-495: The 1920s to 1940s favored terrazzo with the dividers allowing for straight or curved lines that increased the decorative potential. The popularity of terrazzo led to an increase in installers in the 1920s. The National Terrazzo and Mosaic Organization was formed in 1931 to further professionalize the practice of terrazzo installation. One of the best-known examples of terrazzo is the Hollywood Walk of Fame . Created in 1958,

450-708: The Abilities Expo, and the Anime Expo . During the week leading up to the annual Grammy Awards , the convention center typically hosts several Grammy week events. Since 2005, the convention center has hosted the MusiCares Person of the Year tribute, which takes place two days prior to the Grammy Awards. It also hosted the pre-telecast portion of the Grammy Awards (preceding the main telecast at

480-458: The Great 9th District" was unveiled in 1995. The drive between Figueroa Street and the convention center building is also named after Councilman Lindsay. On March 1, 1983, a tornado caused damages to the roof and upper-level panels. The building was repaired and new convention center lettering signs were installed at a total cost of $ 3 million. On September 15, 2008, the convention center became

510-592: The center was demolished in 1997 to make way for the Staples Center . The Convention Center Annex of green glass and white steel frames, mainly on the south side of Pico, was designed by architect James Ingo Freed . The area in front of the convention center is known as the Gilbert Lindsay Plaza , named for the late councilman who represented the Downtown area of Los Angeles for several years. A 10-foot (3.0 m)-high monument honoring "The Emperor of

540-403: The cheaper seminato. Pavimento alla Veneziana had workers place marble fragments next to each other in a mortar base. Terrazzo is also related to the technique seminato for which workers tossed larger marble chips into the cement that was then ground and polished. Together, these methods create the generic form of terrazzo that involves pieces of stone that are bonded to a cement bed. Terrazzo

570-540: The cracking of terrazzo by allowing the material greater space to expand and shrink after installation. This invention made terrazzo a durable and reliable material in addition to allowing for further design work within the floor. Installers use the dividing strips as guides when they work with different colored terrazzo. Additionally, the electric grinding machine and mechanization of the production process cut down on costs and installation time, making terrazzo an affordable flooring option. Art Deco and Moderne styles from

600-721: The first in the U.S. and first Los Angeles City building of its age and size in the U.S. to be Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certified for Existing Buildings from the United States Green Building Council . In 2013, the Los Angeles City Council voted to let Anschutz Entertainment Group manage the convention center. The convention center hosts annual events such as the Los Angeles Auto Show ,

630-595: The floor of the upstairs lobby. In 2010, the Anschutz Entertainment Group and businessman Casey Wasserman proposed construction of Farmers Field , a US$ 1 billion combination football stadium and convention center, meant to attract the return of a National Football League (NFL) team to the Los Angeles area. The development proposal was abandoned in March 2015 as plans for SoFi Stadium and

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660-605: The king. A more ancient tradition would have the king or lord decide disputes among his people. These administrative actions would be done in the great hall and would exhibit the wisdom of the king as judge to the general populace. One of the most famous convention center debacles happened in France on June 20, 1789. King Louis XVI locked a group known as the Third Estate out of the meeting hall in Versailles. This led to

690-414: The mortar base creating a more uniform surface appearance. Decorative patterns are often created by using dividers which creates lines between different colored terrazzo mixtures. Cracking is a common form of failure and is often caused by the structural system that supports the terrazzo rather than the material itself. Contact with alkalis or acids can deteriorate the bonding agents used in terrazzo. As

720-406: The most recent, thin set method ( epoxy resin). Bonded terrazzo is applied over a sand-cement mortar underbed which sits on top of a concrete slab. The sand-cement layer allows for variations in the finished concrete slab that it sits on. Monolithic terrazzo is applied directly over an extremely flat and high quality concrete sub-floor. Thin-set terrazzo does not require a concrete sub-floor. Instead,

750-602: The revolutionary group holding their meeting in an indoor tennis court. This was the first modern democratic conference center and lead to the Tennis Court Oath and the French Revolution . Terrazzo Although the history of terrazzo can be traced back to the ancient mosaics of Egypt, its more recent predecessors come from Italy. The form of terrazzo used today derives partly from the 18th century pavimento alla Veneziana ( Venetian pavement) and

780-402: The surface of finished concrete or epoxy -resin. Much of the preliminary work of terrazzo workers is similar to that of cement masons . Marble-chip, cementitious terrazzo requires three layers of materials. First, cement masons or terrazzo workers build a solid, level concrete foundation that is 3 to 4 inches (76 to 102 mm) deep. After the forms are removed from the foundation, workers add

810-461: The terrazzo is thoroughly cured, helpers grind it with a terrazzo grinder , which is somewhat like a floor polisher , only much heavier. Slight depressions left by the grinding are filled with a matching grout material and hand- troweled for a smooth, uniform surface; it is then cleaned, polished, and sealed. Terrazzo installation includes both bonded and unbonded methods. Bonded systems include: bonded underbed, monolithic, chemically bonded, and

840-500: The walk honors celebrities in the form of a terrazzo star that displays their name. Archaeologists have adopted the term terrazzo to describe the floors of early Neolithic buildings ( PPNA and PPNB , ca. 9,000–8,000 BC) in Western Asia constructed of burnt lime and clay, colored red with ochre and polished. The embedded crushed limestone gives it a slightly mottled appearance. The use of fire to produce burnt lime, which

870-579: Was also used for the hafting of implements, predates production of fired pottery by almost a thousand years. In the early Neolithic settlement of Çayönü in eastern Turkey about 90 m (970 sq ft) of terrazzo floors have been uncovered. The floors of the PPN B settlement of Nevalı Çori measure about 80 m (860 sq ft). They are 15 cm (5.9 in) thick, and contain about 10–15% lime. These floors are almost impenetrable to moisture and very durable, but their construction involved

900-483: Was first introduced in the United States in the late 1890s, but did not achieve popularity until the 1920s. Until then it was hand polished with a long handled tool called a galera . Due to its likelihood of cracking, terrazzo was used at a small scale in comparison to the large expanses we see today. Two inventions resulted in its rise in popularity: divider strips and the electric grinding machine. The invention of divider strips by L. Del Turco and Bros. in 1924 contained

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