61-759: El Pueblo de Nuestra Señora la Reina de los Ángeles del Río de Porciúncula , shortened to the Pueblo de los Ángeles , was the Spanish civilian pueblo settled in 1781, which became the American metropolis of Los Angeles . The pueblo was built using labor from the adjacent village of Yaanga and was totally dependent on local Indigenous labor for its survival. Official settlements in Alta California were of three types: presidio (military), mission (religious) and pueblo (civil). The Pueblo de los Ángeles
122-488: A Mestizo in 1790 census). In judicial affairs, both military and civil cases were appealed to the Audiencia of Guadalajara . On 18 August 1814 Father Luis Gíl y Taboada placed the cornerstone of a new Franciscan church amidst the ruins of the original asistencia . The completed structure was dedicated on 8 December 1822. A replacement chapel, named La Iglesia de Nuestra Señora de los Ángeles (The Church of Our Lady of
183-536: A high speed railway. The reality of the possibility that it could impact their neighborhood and their homes is being met with steadfast disapproval. When the California High-Speed Rail Authority recently met with the city councils and residents of San Gabriel, El Monte , Rosemead and Alhambra , to discuss the four proposed routes for phase two, the members of the three city councils expressed that residents were very concerned that
244-520: A mission. Instead, in 1781, King Charles III mandated that a pueblo be built on the site instead, which would be the second town in Alta California, after San José de Guadalupe in 1777. The monarch, disregarding the production and trade roles of the missions, saw a greater need for secular pueblos to be established as the centers of agriculture and commerce to supply the crown's ever-growing military presence in "Nueva California." The priests at
305-513: A mixture of Asian, European, and North American cultures. Second- and third-generation Chinese Americans patronize its diverse array of stores and eateries. There is the 12-acre (49,000 m ) "San Gabriel Square" mall, sometimes referred to as the "Chinese Disneyland". It was also nicknamed by the Los Angeles Times as "the great mall of China." This stretch of Chinese shops and bold architecture, with roofs of Spanish-style tile,
366-673: A river that flowed from the northwest, past their point and on southward. Crespí named the river El Río de Nuestra Señora la Reina de los Ángeles de Porciúncula , meaning, in Spanish, "the River of Our Lady Queen of the Angels of Porciuncula". The name derives from Santa Maria degli Angeli (Italian: "St. Mary of the Angels") which is the name of the small town in Italy housing the Porciuncula ,
427-569: A sailor. His book, Two Years Before the Mast , includes a brief depiction of the pueblo and area, then dependent on the export of cattle hides and tallow . In 1835 it was made a city by the Mexican Congress, and declared the capital, but the last provision was not enforced and was soon recalled. In 1836–1838, it was the headquarters of Carlos Antonio Carrillo , a legally named but never de facto governor of California, whose jurisdiction
488-661: A successful cattle enterprise. Across Olvera Street stands the 1887 Eloisa Martinez de Sepulveda House , that now is the Los Angeles Plaza Historic District Visitors Center . The 1939 construction of the significant transit hub and architectural landmark, the Los Angeles Union Station east of the old Plaza, added to the Pueblo area's reinvigoration. Of archaeological interest is the discovery of sections of
549-477: Is a city located in the San Gabriel Valley of Los Angeles County, California . At the 2010 census , the population was 39,718. San Gabriel was founded by the Spanish in 1771, when Mission San Gabriel Arcángel was established by Saint Junípero Serra . Through the Spanish and Mexican periods, San Gabriel played an important role in the development of Los Angeles and Californio society. Owing to
610-439: Is bordered on the north by San Marino , on the east by Temple City and Rosemead , to the south by Rosemead and to the west by Alhambra . The Parks and Recreation Department offers an after school sports program and a summer playground program for San Gabriel youth. Along with these programs, the department provides a variety of trips and special events throughout the year for youth of all ages. Parks include: According to
671-460: Is scheduled to be built first, at a cost of $ 43 billion, with a completion date in 2029. The second phase of the proposed railway, from Los Angeles to stations in San Diego will not begin construction until after phase one is completed. The California High-Speed Rail Authority is responsible for planning, designing, and building the system. Conceptually, the voters were very enthusiastic about
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#1732790810364732-648: Is the model for the new ethnoburbs recently recognized in places like Las Vegas and Houston . San Gabriel is currently served by the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority . In 2008, voters approved the measure, proposition 1A for the California High Speed Rail Project from San Diego to San Francisco. The project will be constructed in two segments. The San Francisco to Los Angeles / Anaheim project
793-466: The comandante (commander) of the Presidio of Santa Barbara , who was charged with making sure the alcalde and regidores carried out their duties correctly. The first commisionado was José Vicente Feliz , one of the soldiers who accompanied the original 44 settlers to the pueblo. The first recorded alcalde was José Vanegas, who served in 1786 and 1796. Vanegas was first listed as an Indian in
854-673: The Baja California Peninsula and Alta California. Both the dioceses of Sonora and the Two Californias were suffragan of the Archdiocese of Mexico . After Mexico's War of Independence (1810–1821) from Spain, life began to change in Los Angeles and Alta California . With the secularization of the missions , their land was distributed for the establishment of many more ranchos . The Native population
915-643: The Cathedral of Saint Vibiana . Saint Vibiana Cathedral became the English-speaking parish and La Placita became the Spanish-speaking parish. "The Plaza Church" still stands today, exhibiting Spanish Colonial and Carpenter Gothic architectural styles. The Los Angeles parish was under the Diocese of Sonora until 1840, when a new Diocese of the Two Californias was established to serve
976-826: The Köppen Climate Classification system, San Gabriel has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate , abbreviated "Csa" on climate maps. Summers are hot and very dry, and winters are mild. The 2010 United States Census reported that San Gabriel had a population of 39,718. The population density was 9,581.5 inhabitants per square mile (3,699.4/km ). The racial makeup of San Gabriel was 24,091 (60.7%) Asian , 10,076 (25.4%) White (11.4% Non-Hispanic White), 388 (1.0%) African American , 220 (0.6%) Native American , 43 (0.1%) Pacific Islander , 3,762 (9.5%) from other races , and 1,138 (2.9%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 10,189 persons (25.7%). The Census reported that 39,266 people (98.9% of
1037-600: The Laws of the Indies and Reglamento the new towns in Alta California were to have four square leagues of land; that is a distance marked by one league in each cardinal direction from the town center. The streets, however, were laid out at forty-five degrees from the cardinal directions, a plan which is still preserved in Downtown Los Angeles . The old town limits are still marked by Hoover and Indiana Streets in
1098-651: The San Gabriel Unified School District . It has five of the public elementary schools, Jefferson Middle School , Gabrielino High School, Del Mar High School , which opened in 2010, is an alternative high school. A portion of San Gabriel is in the Garvey School District and the Alhambra Unified School District . Two elementary schools that exist within the city limits are operated by
1159-905: The public domain : Chisholm, Hugh , ed. (1911). " Los Angeles ". Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 12–14. Spanish colonial pueblos and villas in North America Spanish colonial authorities in North America established misiones (churches with attached farms), presidios (military forts) and villas or pueblos (civilian settlements with residences, retail businesses, agricultural markets, etc.). Official pueblo establishments (as opposed to those that developed organically) were granted four square Spanish leagues of land and were required to be sited at least five Spanish leagues away from any other pueblo. According to one Arizona history, "Each organized pueblo
1220-400: The regidores (council members) and alcalde (municipal magistrate), were appointed by Governor de Neve. Subsequent ones were elected annually by the settlers, the vecinos pobladores . Since the government of Las Californias had a strong military orientation in this early phase of colonization, the civilian cabildo was originally supervised by a commisionado (commissioner) appointed by
1281-529: The 44 pobladores gathered at San Gabriel Mission and, escorted by a military detachment and two priests from the Mission, set out for the site that Crespí had chosen. In reality, several of the families were probably already working on their plots of land as early as late July. Governor de Neve gave the new town the name El Pueblo de la Reina de los Ángeles -The Town of the Queen of the Angels. In accordance with
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#17327908103641342-567: The Angels) was rebuilt utilizing materials of the original church in 1861. The term Reina (queen) was added later to reconcile the church's name with that of the town. The small chapel, also called " La Placita " and "the Plaza Church," served the total Californio and immigrant Roman Catholic community as the only church in the vicinity of the City of Los Angeles until the 1876 construction of
1403-854: The Garvey School District, in the southern portion of San Gabriel. San Gabriel High School is operated by Alhambra USD . A portion of San Gabriel is in the Rosemead Elementary School District and the El Monte Union High School District . San Gabriel Mission High School is a Catholic, all girls school. San Gabriel community news are covered by the San Gabriel Valley Tribune , a paid daily newspaper, as well as by Mid-Valley News and San Gabriel Sun , which are community weeklies. The city has
1464-613: The Natives on the mission. The mission encountered further trouble in 1776 when a flood damaged the mission, convincing the missionaries to move and rebuild the mission on a higher and more defensible location: its present site in San Gabriel . The first Spanish governor of Las Californias , Felipe de Neve had, as well, recommended to Viceroy Bucareli Father Crespí's location on the Río Porciúncula ( Los Angeles River ) for
1525-584: The Russians and French, Spain set plans in motion in the 1760s to establish a presence and defend its claim to the territory. The Spanish settlement did not reach Alta California until 1769, when explorer Gaspar de Portolà reached the San Diego area via the first land route from Mexico . Accompanying him were two Franciscan Padres , Junípero Serra and Juan Crespí , who recorded the expedition. As they came through today's Elysian Park , they were awed by
1586-680: The US occupying force back to the San Pedro Harbor. Los Angeles was not retaken until Commodore Stockton again captured the city on January 10, 1847, after the battles at the Siege of Los Angeles , Battle of Dominguez Rancho , Battle of San Pasqual , Battle of Rio San Gabriel and the Battle of La Mesa . These battles, in which the Californios were greatly outmanned and outgunned, represented
1647-636: The United States. A 1920s restoration drive led by Christine Sterling began a restoration of the historic area, starting with Olvera Street . Today the Pueblo's original outline is preserved by the El Pueblo de Los Angeles Historic Monument . Among its saved and restored buildings is the oldest standing residence in Los Angeles City, the 1818 Avila Adobe built by Francisco Avila who owned Rancho Las Cienegas - "mid Wilshire area" and
1708-480: The area's first Mexican settlers being baptized at the mission, including future governor Pio Pico , who was born in 1801 at the mission and baptized there the same year. He was appointed as California's governor twice, serving briefly in 1832 and again from 1845 through the Mexican–American War . Later in life, he was elected as a Los Angeles City councilman. The city of Pico Rivera was named to honor him as
1769-553: The church was still in use. Blake predicted, "I believe that when the adaptation of that portion of California to the culture of the grape and the manufacture of wine becomes known and appreciated, the state will become celebrated not only for its gold and grain, but (also) for its fruits and wines." In the first United States census made in California in 1860, 586 people lived in the San Gabriel township, an area encompassing
1830-566: The church where St. Francis of Assisi, founder of the Franciscan order, carried out his religious life. The river that was called the Porciuncula is today's Los Angeles River . Because the future town's name was a take on this " Queen of Heaven " Marian title, various versions of Crespí's formula would be used for the town, including the exceedingly long El Pueblo de Nuestra Señora la Reina de los Ángeles sobre el Río Porciúncula . During
1891-470: The city was $ 56,720, and the median income The per capita income for the city was $ 24,816. About 9.5% of families and 12.9% of the population were below the poverty line , including 17.4% of those under age 18 and 9.5% of those age 65 or over. These were the ten neighborhoods in Los Angeles County with the largest percentage of Asian residents , according to the 2000 census: According to
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1952-433: The city was 33.40% White , 1.06% African American , 0.83% Native American , 48.91% Asian , 0.10% Pacific Islander , 12.36% from other races , and 3.34% from two or more races. Those identifying as Hispanic or Latino (of any race) were 30.71% of the population. According to the Los Angeles Times , Chinese and Mexican were the most ancestries in 2000, with 52.6% of residents foreign born, Vietnam and China being
2013-613: The city's 2019 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city are: In the state legislature San Gabriel is located in the 21st Senate District, represented by Democrat Anthony Portantino , and in the 49th Assembly District, represented by Democrat Ed Chau . In the United States House of Representatives , San Gabriel is in California's 28th congressional district , represented by Democrat Judy Chu . Five councilmembers are elected by
2074-616: The expedition, Father Crespí observed a location along the river that would be good for a settlement or mission. However, in 1771, Father Serra instead commissioned two missionaries to establish the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel -San Gabriel Mission near the present day Whittier Narrows section of the San Gabriel River . The missionaries encountered resistance from the Tongva to their attempts to resettle
2135-675: The fields, the farms, and access to the river – the Instrucción and the Reglamento para el gobierno de la Provincia de Californias . But gathering the pobladores -settlers was a little more difficult. After failing to recruit the target number of families in Sonora , he had to go as far as Sinaloa to finally end up with 11 families, that is, 11 men, 11 women, and 22 children of various Spanish American castes : Criollo , Mulatto and Negro . As local lore tells it, on September 4, 1781
2196-794: The important overt resistance to the establishment of the American regime in the Los Angeles Basin . Lieutenant-Colonel Frémont and Governor of Alta California Andrés Pico signed the Treaty of Cahuenga , an informal agreement to cease fighting in California at the Campo de Cahuenga in the San Fernando Valley in January 1847. Under the later comprehensive 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo , Mexico formally ceded nearly half its nation's total territory, including Alta California, to
2257-455: The invading "conquest" complete. In Southern California , the Mexican citizens repelled American troops for five months, utilizing about 160 vaqueros , or cowboys, against about 700 American forces. Los Angeles initially surrendered to the surprise invasion by United States forces. The small Mexican forces of Los Angeles fled at the approach of US troops, and August 13, 1846 the American flag
2318-471: The last governor of California to be born in Mexico . In 1853, a company of Army Engineers, which included the geologist William P. Blake , passed by the mission in search of the best route for an intercontinental railroad . Blake observed that the once great vineyards had fallen into wild disarray. Fences were in disrepair and animals roamed freely through the property. But the mission bells were ringing and
2379-513: The mission by the Tongva, who were forced to labor at the mission, were common. After the Spanish missionaries banned converts to Christianity from dancing and participating in ceremony, a major rebellion of eight villages was staged against the mission in 1785 led by Toypurina and Nicolás Josè. The Mission San Gabriel Arcángel served a pivotal role in the Californio society, with many of
2440-489: The mission lands and several adjacent ranchos stretching north to what is now Pasadena . By 1870, the population had shrunk to 436. San Gabriel incorporated as a city April 24, 1913, with a population of 1,500. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 4.1 square miles (11 km ), virtually all of it land. The city is located in the San Gabriel Valley and
2501-403: The missions ignored the royal mandate and continued their ranching, trading and production of tallow, soap, hides, and beef, often in competition with new pueblo ventures. Governor de Neve took his assignment seriously and had a complete set of maps and plans drawn up by May 1780 for the layout and settlement of the new pueblo, including the placement of government houses, town houses, the church,
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2562-415: The most common places of birth. There were 12,587 households, out of which 35.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.1% were married couples living together, 15.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.0% were non-families. 18.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size
2623-404: The new center of the region's Chinese community. He died of cancer three months later. Mui was replaced by Albert Y. M. Huang, who served as mayor during his term. Huang submitted his resignation October 19, 2010, following a late-night domestic dispute with his girlfriend and subsequent arrest. Huang has since been cleared of all charges. The vast majority of the city of San Gabriel is served by
2684-407: The original 1781 padrón (register) but then as a Mestizo in the 1790 census. The next few alcaldes reflected the mixed population of the small settlement: José Sinova, a Criollo , 1789; Mariano de la Luz Verdugo , a Criollo, 1790; and Juan Francisco Reyes, a Mulatto , 1793. Among the first regidores were Felipe Santiago García (a Criollo) and Manuel Camero (a Mulatto in the 1781 padrón , and
2745-608: The original brick lined Zanja Madre -the Mother Ditch , which was a "surface and underground" gravity fed canal and aqueduct , that brought water from the Rio Porciuncula-Los Angeles River near the Arroyo Seco confluence, to the colonial pueblo and later the American city into the latter 19th century. [REDACTED] This article incorporates text from a publication now in
2806-645: The population) lived in households, 34 (0.1%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 418 (1.1%) were institutionalized. There were 12,542 households, out of which 4,542 (36.2%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 6,668 (53.2%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 1,961 (15.6%) had a female householder with no husband present, 965 (7.7%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 481 (3.8%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships , and 76 (0.6%) same-sex married couples or partnerships . 2,121 households (16.9%) were made up of individuals, and 800 (6.4%) had someone living alone who
2867-425: The population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 19,292 people (48.6%) lived in rental housing units. As of the census of 2000, there were 39,804 people, 12,587 households, and 9,566 families residing in the city. The population density was 9,639.3 inhabitants per square mile (3,721.8/km ). There were 12,909 housing units at an average density of 3,126.2 per square mile (1,207.0/km ). The racial makeup of
2928-523: The prominence of Mission San Gabriel in the region's history, it is often called the "birthplace of the Los Angeles region ". Prior to the arrival of the Spanish to Alta California , the area that is San Gabriel were inhabited by the Tongva , whom the Spanish called the Gabrieleño. The Tongva village of Shevaanga was located at the original site of Mission San Gabriel , before being moved to
2989-478: The site of another village, Toviscanga , in 1776 after being destroyed by a flood. These villages were part of an extensive trade network and were interconnected by a series of trails. Mission San Gabriel Arcángel , founded by Father Junípero Serra in 1771, is the fourth of twenty-one California Missions, and is known as the "Pride of the California Missions ." Dissidence and rebellions against
3050-658: The town and region grew. Manifest Destiny reached California at the time of the Mexican–American War (1846–1848). On June 18, 1846 a small group of Yankees raised the California Bear Flag and declared independence from Mexico in the Bear Flag Revolt on the Plaza in Sonoma, Northern California . United States troops then took control of the presidios at Monterey and San Francisco, and proclaimed
3111-568: The town became the principal urban center of southern Alta California, whose social and economic life revolved around the raising of livestock on the expansive ranchos . In 1542 Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo , with a commission from Viceroy Antonio de Mendoza , was the first European to sail along and explore the California coast. Although he claimed all he saw as territory of the Spanish Empire, no efforts at colonization were made for over two hundred years. Concerned about colonizing efforts by
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#17327908103643172-565: The voters to serve a four-year term. The Mayor is appointed annually by the Council in a rotation among its members. The City Council is also the Redevelopment Agency Board of Directors. As of July 2024, the members are Mayor John Wu, Vice Mayor Denise Menchaca, and Councilmembers Eric Chan, Tony Ding, and John R. Harrington. The city's first Chinese American mayor was Chi Mui in 2006. He symbolized San Gabriel's rise as
3233-684: The west and east respectively. In 1784 an asistencia or sub-mission of the San Gabriel Mission was established on the central plaza , to provide religious services to the settlers. The pueblo came under the jurisdiction of the Commandancy General of the Internal Provinces in the Viceroyalty of New Spain . As a pueblo, Los Angeles was granted a cabildo (town council). The first municipal officers,
3294-409: Was 3.10 and the average family size was 3.52. In the city, the population was spread out, with 23.5% under the age of 18, 8.6% from 18 to 24, 33.3% from 25 to 44, 21.1% from 45 to 64, and 13.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.5 males. The median income for a household in
3355-406: Was 40.3 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.6 males. There were 13,237 housing units at an average density of 3,193.3 per square mile (1,232.9/km ), of which 6,168 (49.2%) were owner-occupied, and 6,374 (50.8%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.0%; the rental vacancy rate was 5.7%. 19,974 people (50.3% of
3416-421: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.13. There were 9,594 families (76.5% of all households); the average family size was 3.47. The population was spread out, with 7,866 people (19.8%) under the age of 18, 3,555 people (9.0%) aged 18 to 24, 11,335 people (28.5%) aged 25 to 44, 11,388 people (28.7%) aged 45 to 64, and 5,574 people (14.0%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age
3477-470: Was displaced or absorbed into the Hispanic population. Beginning about 1827, Los Angeles, now the largest pueblo of the territory, became a rival of Monterey for the honor of being the capital of California; was the seat of conspiracies to overthrow the Mexican authority; and the stronghold of the South California party in the bickering and struggles that lasted down to the American occupation. In 1835, Richard Henry Dana Jr. visited San Pedro Harbor as
3538-433: Was never recognized in the north; and, in 1845–1847, it was the actual capital. In 1842, a sheep rancher, pausing under an oak tree, discovered gold in Placerita Canyon in Rancho San Francisco , just north of the city sparking a minor gold rush . In subsequent decades local mining employed hard rock and placer techniques. Land however turned out to be the more "profitable gold", as ranching and development expanded as
3599-476: Was raised over the city. A garrison of fifty US Marines under Archibald Gillespie was left in control. The city's population had been rent by factional quarrels when war broke out between Mexico and the United States, but the occupation caused both factions to unite against the invading Americans. Gillespie's garrison was compelled to withdraw in October when the residents, Californio Lancers, vaqueros on horseback without firearms, only lances, revolted and chased
3660-532: Was the second pueblo (town) created during the Spanish colonization of California (the first was San Jose , in 1777). El Pueblo de la Reina de los Ángeles —'The Town of the Queen of Angels' was founded twelve years after the first presidio and mission , the Presidio of San Diego and Mission San Diego de Alcalá (1769). The original settlement consisted of forty-four people in eleven families, recruited mostly from Estado de Occidente . As new settlers arrived and soldiers retired to civilian life in Los Angeles,
3721-504: Was to have at least thirty inhabitants, each one to have ten breeding cows, four oxen, one brood mare, one sow, twenty Castillian ewes, six hens and one cock. House lots and sowing lands were to be distributed among pueblo settlers." Among the leadership of a pueblo was an alcalde (preceded in the history of Spanish administration by the title corregidor ). Spanish colonial pueblos in North America included: San Gabriel, California San Gabriel ( Spanish for " St. Gabriel ")
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