142-549: Los Peñasquitos Marsh Natural Preserve and Lagoon is a coastal marsh in San Diego County , California , United States situated at the northern edge of the City of San Diego , forming the natural border with Del Mar, California . This bar-built estuary divides a colony of the endangered Torrey pine on a narrow coastal strip. Three streams empty into the lagoon: Carroll Creek, Carmel Creek, and Los Peñasquitos Creek, with
284-527: A California Southern Railroad link between National City and Oceanside passed through the eastern part of the area in 1881–1882, with a "Beach Shingle" spur line (also known as “Sea Wall Spur”) running on the north side to the beach in order to transport the construction materials used to pave the streets in San Diego. The new Santa Fe Railroad line went through the center of the lagoon in early 1900s, and Pacific Coast Highway in 1912-1915 (the latter
426-517: A National Hockey League (NHL) franchise, though it hosted the San Diego Mariners of the now-defunct World Hockey Association (WHA) from 1974 to 1977. Currently, there is no NFL, NBA, or NHL team in the county. San Diego is the largest American city not to have won a championship in a "Big Four" major professional league. The city does have one major league title to its name: the 1963 American Football League (AFL) Championship won by
568-452: A brackish marsh and by 2800 years BP became a salt marsh . Until the late 19th century, the lagoon went inland for as much as 1.75 miles, its salt marshes , salt flats , and mud flats /open water occupied approximately 380 acres, with salt marshes constituting about 72% of the area. The lagoon was almost separated from the ocean by the sand and dune barrier that was about 300 feet wide and up to 30 feet high. Few tidal channels merged into
710-427: A 5"–high extended font, and centered on the nose was the "Santa Fe" box logo (initially consisting of a blue cross, circle, and square painted on a solid bronze sheet, but subsequently changed to baked steel sheets painted bronze with the blue identifying elements applied on top). Three thin, pale yellow stripes (known as Cat Whiskers ) extended from the nose logo around the cab sides. In January, 1951, Santa Fe revised
852-572: A 6% decrease from 2017. 3,586 were sheltered, and 4,990 were not. 4,912 (75.3%) were in the city of San Diego. North County Inland had 1,153 (13.4%), North County Coastal with 822 homeless (9.6%), 602 (7%) were found in South County, and 1,087 (12.7%) in East County. According to a 2014 Pew Research Center survey, 68% of adults in the county were Christian , of whom 32% were Catholic . 27% were religiously unaffiliated , and 5% adhered to
994-709: A destination for trafficked minors from Mexico and the Philippines. In 2018, the United States Border Patrol caught an average of over a hundred individuals crossing the border illegally each day. San Diego County and Imperial County are part of the Southern Border Region , one of nine such regions. As a regional economy, the Southern Border Region is the smallest but most economically diverse region in
1136-410: A female householder with no husband present, and 33.3% were non-families. 24.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.73 and the average family size was 3.29. As of 2000, 25.7% of the population was under the age of 18, 11.30% was from 18 to 24, 32.0% from 25 to 44, 19.8% from 45 to 64, and 11.2%
1278-466: A few days after having had a picnic near Los Peñasquitos Lagoon, and needed to be hospitalized for WNV infection, presumably acquired by mosquito bite. Pickup trucks can sometimes be seen around the lagoon spraying for mosquitoes to prevent the spread of WNV. Rattlesnakes are found throughout San Diego County, and a warning sign along the Marsh Trail reminds hikers that rattlesnakes are also found in
1420-533: A half-interest to the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR). The TP&W cut straight east across Illinois from near Fort Madison, Iowa (Lomax, IL), to a connection with the PRR at Effner, Indiana (Illinois–Indiana border), forming a bypass around Chicago for traffic moving between the two lines. The TP&W route did not mesh with the traffic patterns Conrail developed after 1976, so AT&SF bought back
1562-684: A handful of which have either been restored to operating condition or are pending future restoration. Some of the more notable locomotives include: Santa Fe maintained and operated a fleet of three passenger ferry boats (the San Pablo , the San Pedro , and the Ocean Wave ) that connected Richmond, California , with San Francisco by water. The ships traveled the eight miles between the San Francisco Ferry Terminal and
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#17327974280321704-542: A merger between the parent companies of the Santa Fe and Southern Pacific (SP) railroads in 1984. The red, yellow, and black paint scheme with large yellow block letters on the sides and ends of the units of the proposed Southern Pacific Santa Fe Railroad (SPSF) has come to be somewhat derisively known among railfans as the Kodachrome livery, due to the similarity in colors to the boxes containing slide film sold by
1846-539: A new bridge was built over the mouth of the lagoon. The new bridge replaced the existing bridge's 72 pilings with just four that support a much longer span across a larger mouth opening. This new bridge is sometimes called North Torrey Pines Bridge, although that same name is sometimes applied to the taller arch bridge immediately to its north. This lower bridge over the lagoon inlet was built by Flatiron and cost $ 9,628,750. The City of San Diego's waste water treatment and pumping stations have been improved and replaced over
1988-474: A new unified paint scheme. While Southern Pacific (railroad) was sold off to Rio Grande Industries , all of the SP's real estate holdings were consolidated into a new company, Catellus Development Corporation , making it California's largest private landowner, of which Santa Fe remained the owner. In the early 1980s, gold was discovered on several properties west of Battle Mountain, Nevada along I-80, on ground owned by
2130-487: A non-Christian faith. According to the University of Southern California , in 2010, the largest faith in the county was Catholicism, followed by non-denominational Christians , and Mormons . In 2014, the county had 978 religious organizations, the seventh most out of all US counties. In 2014 according to Pew Research Center , there are about 170,000 undocumented immigrants living in the region. San Diego has been
2272-404: A nose emblem consisting of an elongated yellow "Circle and Cross" emblem with integral "tabs" on the nose and the sides, outlined and accented with black pinstripes, with variances according to the locomotive model. "SANTA FE" was displayed on the horizontal limb of the cross in black, Art Deco -style lettering. This emblem has come to be known as the " cigar band " due to its uncanny resemblance to
2414-416: A number of improvements and fixes made, with a new $ 23 million facility being completed in 1988. This helped considerably in keeping the lagoon much cleaner once the new station came on-line, however there are still spills, with the most recent being on September 9, 2011, when an estimated 1.9 million US gallons (7,200 m) of raw sewage was released due to a county-wide power outage . Pump Station 64
2556-416: A pair of blunt-nosed units ( EMC 1800 hp B-B ) designated as Nos. 1 and 1A. The upper portion of the sides and ends of the units were painted gold, while the lower section was a dark olive green color; an olive stripe also ran along the sides and widened as it crossed the front of the locomotive. Riveted to the sides of the units were metal plaques bearing a large "Indian Head" logo , which owed its origin to
2698-467: A short time, Pacific types 1369 and 1376 were semi-streamlined for " Valley Flyer " service, with a unique paint scheme in colors similar to those used on the new passenger diesels. Unique was the two-tone light blue over royal blue scheme of streamlined Hudson type 3460 . Santa Fe's first set of diesel-electric passenger locomotives was placed in service on the Super Chief in 1936, and consisted of
2840-408: A single large channel at the northern part of the beach. Historically, the mouth of the channel (inlet of the lagoon) was open and closed intermittently. A "high wall composed of small rocks" was located along the beach side of the lagoon (the route of the modern North Torrey Pines Road). This barrier was mined for cobbles that were used to pave the streets of San Diego. Most of the freshwater entering
2982-468: A thriving musical and theatrical scene, numerous notable special events, a varied cuisine, and a reputation as one of America's premier centers of craft brewing . Sports in San Diego County includes major professional league teams, other highest-level professional league teams, minor league teams, and college athletics . San Diego County hosts two teams of the major professional leagues,
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#17327974280323124-420: A total drainage basin area of 95 square miles. The name "Los Peñasquitos" is Spanish for "The Little Cliffs" or "crags". Previously the lagoon was also called Cordero Slough or Cordero Delta (named after late 18th century settlers), Soledad Lagoon , Torrey Pines Lagoon , and Sorrento Lagoon . The mouth of Carmel Creek is in the northern part of the lagoon, Los Peñasquitos and Carroll creeks flow through
3266-612: A two-track tunnel underneath Del Mar. When the Pacific Coast Highway ( U.S. Route 101 in California ) was expanded in the 1930s, the roadbed along the beach was heightened, and a bridge was built over the mouth the lagoon. This bridge had many wooden pilings that easily got clogged with sand and debris, impacting the water transfer between the ocean and lagoon. Over the years, at least three different waste water treatment plants have pumped their treating effluent into
3408-479: A variation of the "Warbonnet" scheme in which the black and yellow separating stripes disappeared. The "Santa Fe" name was emblazoned on the sides in large black letters, using the same stencils used on freight engines; these were soon repainted in red. In 1989, Santa Fe resurrected this version of the "Warbonnet" scheme and applied it to two SDFP45 units, #5992 and #5998. The units were re-designated as #101 and #102 and reentered service on July 4, 1989, as part of
3550-571: A varied topography. On its western side is more than 70 miles (113 km) of coastline. Most of San Diego between the coast and the Laguna Mountains consists of hills, mesas , and small canyons . Snow-capped (in winter) mountains rise to the east, with the Sonoran Desert farther to the east. The Cleveland National Forest is spread across the central portion of the county, while Anza-Borrego Desert State Park occupies most of
3692-469: A year. Most rainfall occurs from November to April. Winter temperatures are mild, with average high temperatures of 66–70 °F (19–21 °C) and lows of 50–56 °F (10–13 °C). The climate in the San Diego area, like much of California, often varies significantly over short geographical distances resulting in microclimates . In San Diego's case this is mainly due to the city's topography (the Bay, and
3834-500: Is a record of past tsunamis . In the 1847 census of San Diego County ordered by Richard Barnes Mason , it found that 2,287 people lived in the county, to include Native Americans, Pacific Islanders, and African Americans. Since at least 2014, San Diego County is the fifth most populous county in the United States. In 2000, only about 3% of San Diego County residents left the county for work while 40,000 people commuted into
3976-563: Is a triangle from a first point on the northern edge of Carlsbad, a second point southeast of Escondido , and a third point on the southern edge of La Jolla . It contains all or most of the cities of Carlsbad, Encinitas, Solana Beach , Del Mar , and Poway in addition to a substantial portion of northern San Diego. According to a point-in-time count taken for the San Diego Regional Task Force on Homelessness, there were 8,576 homeless individuals on January 6, 2018,
4118-478: Is being implemented since 1985 with input from Pacific Estuarine Research Laboratory and the Tijuana NERR . The closure of the mouth typically occurs due to strong waves in winter/spring time causing the sand deposits (in summer, the tidal flows usually provide effective protection against the smaller waves). The shallowness of the lagoon allows the sunlight to penetrate the whole depth of the water thus allowing
4260-610: Is bounded on three sides by the arch bridge at North Torrey Pines Road, the railroad causeway, and the lagoon's ocean inlet. Previous to the State Park, there had been a number of tourist beach houses in the area, called Sunken City, that had been moved from the open beach during the 1932 construction of the large causeway for North Torrey Pines Bridge. According to LPL Foundation and the State Coastal Conservancy, this fully paved parking lot significantly altered
4402-435: Is granted to only the rarest and most fragile of the state owned lands. The State Preserve covers the saltwater lagoon area of over 630 acres (2.5 km) adjacent to Torrey Pines State Beach and Torrey Pines State Natural Reserve . An additional 240 acres (0.97 km) of marshland was added to this California State Parkland in 1987, when it was purchased from SDG&E for $ 2.25 million. SDG&E has originally purchased
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4544-410: Is located at 10745 Roselle Street, San Diego, California, just east of Interstate 5. Pump Station 65 was rebuilt and relocated in 1996 to sit on the edge of the lagoon next to a now-closed portion of Sorrento Valley Road. Pump Station 65 is a modern building, and pumps an estimated 19 million US gallons (72,000 m) per day south to Pump Station 64. The sewage lines and pumping station located in
4686-681: Is one of the known breeding grounds in California of mosquitoes infected with the West Nile virus (WNV), a virus that originated in Uganda and arrived in California in 2003. The number of yearly incidents of WNV infection in San Diego County has been rising since 2008. The virus is often fatal to birds, which is the primary animal affected, but horses and humans have also died from it. One in five infected humans will show flu-like symptoms, and will sometimes require hospitalization for meningitis. In 2009 one boy developed flu-like symptoms and became delirious
4828-431: Is only a few miles away and connected to Los Peñasquitos Lagoon by Los Peñasquitos Creek. Mountain lion attacks have occurred on dogs and humans in San Diego County, and have sometimes resulted in human fatalities. Although public access is forbidden in the central parts of the lagoon and marsh, there are about four trails that are near the marsh area that do not explicitly bar public use. The official name of this trail
4970-446: Is reminiscent of a Native American ceremonial head-dress . The scheme consisted of a red "bonnet" that wrapped around the front of the unit and was bordered by a yellow stripe and black pinstripe. The extent of the bonnet varied according to the locomotive model and was largely determined by the shape and length of the car body. The remainder of the unit was either painted silver or was composed of stainless-steel panels. All units wore
5112-621: Is simply Marsh Trail. It is unpaved on its west end and paved on its east end. It is shown on Google maps. Dogs and bicycles are prohibited. It skirts the southern edge of the wetland for 1.5 miles from North Torrey Pines Road and becomes Flintkote Avenue in Sorrento Valley, San Diego . The trailhead is across from the South Beach parking lot at Torrey Pines State Beach . Paved. Motor vehicles are prohibited, but bicycles and pedestrians are permitted. Bicycles are very common. It skirts
5254-425: The photosynthesis . Coupled with the wind water-mixing action, this allows maintenance of the oxygen level in the lagoon for few weeks after a mouth closure. However, longer periods of closure cause hypoxia and thus trigger a mechanical breach with utilization of heavy construction equipment. Post-breach flushing causes the water levels to slightly recede and the salinity to drop briefly, but significantly. In 2005
5396-501: The Burlington Northern & Santa Fe Railway (BNSF). Some of the challenges resulting from the joining of the two companies included the establishment of a common dispatching system, the unionization of AT&SF's non-union dispatchers, and incorporating AT&SF's train identification codes throughout. The two lines maintained separate operations until December 31, 1996, when it officially became BNSF. AT&SF
5538-748: The Chicagoan and Kansas Cityan trains (both names referred to the same service, but the Chicagoan was the eastbound version, while the Kansas Cityan was the westbound version), and the Eastern Express and West Texas Express . All AT&SF trains that terminated in Chicago did so at Dearborn Station . Trains terminating in Los Angeles arrived at AT&SF's La Grande Station until May 1939, when Los Angeles Union Passenger Terminal
5680-453: The County of San Diego , is a county in the southwest corner of the U.S. state of California . As of the 2020 census , the population was 3,298,634; it is the second-most populous county in California and the fifth-most populous in the United States. Its county seat is San Diego , the second-most populous city in California and the eighth-most populous in the United States. It is
5822-544: The EMD GP60M and General Electric B40-8W which made the Santa Fe the only US Class I railroad to operate new 4-axle (B-B) freight locomotives equipped with the North American Safety Cab intended for high-speed intermodal service. Several experimental and commemorative paint schemes emerged during the Santa Fe's diesel era. One combination was developed and partially implemented in anticipation of
Los Peñasquitos Lagoon - Misplaced Pages Continue
5964-568: The Eastman Kodak Company under the same name. Santa Fe units repainted in this scheme were labeled "SF", Southern Pacific units "SP", and some (presumably new) units wore the letters "SPSF". After the ICC's denial of the merger, railfans joked that SPSF really stood for "Shouldn't Paint So Fast." While most of the Santa Fe's steam locomotives were retired and sold for scrap, over fifty were saved and donated to various parks and museums,
6106-474: The Kumeyaay tribe collected scallops , chione clams , and oysters in the area; few archeologic sites exist around the lagoon, including the village of Ystagua (existed since 1300 BP) in the modern-day Sorrento Valley . In the 19th century the valley was used for crops, with Rancho Los Peñasquitos being the first land grant (1823) within the limits of the modern San Diego County . First railroad line,
6248-593: The Los Peñasquitos Canyon and Carroll Canyon respectively, then merge in Sorrento Valley and drain into the lagoon from the south. Los Peñasquitos Creek has by far largest drainage area (about 70% of the total basin). Historically, the streams were seasonal, usually drying out in summer. After urbanization of the surrounding areas the streams became perennial due to the irrigation runoff with winter flows to summer flows ratio from 16:1 (Carmel Valley Creek) to 58:1 (Los Peñasquitos). The wetlands inside
6390-854: The National Football League (NFL)'s San Diego Chargers from 1961 to 2017, when the team relocated to the Greater Los Angeles area (now the Los Angeles Chargers ). The county also hosted the National Basketball Association (NBA)'s San Diego Rockets from 1967 to 1971 (now the Houston Rockets ) and San Diego Clippers from 1978 to 1984 (now the Los Angeles Clippers ). San Diego County has never hosted
6532-536: The Peninsular Ranges for hiking, biking, mountainboarding and trail riding . Surfing locations include Swami's , Stone Steps Beach, Torrey Pines State Beach , Cardiff State Beach , San Onofre State Beach and the southern portion of Black's Beach . The region is host to the second largest cruise ship industry in California which generates an estimated $ 2 million annually from purchases of food, fuel, supplies, and maintenance services. In 2008,
6674-508: The Port of San Diego hosted 252 ship calls and more than 800,000 passengers. The culture of San Diego is influenced heavily by American and Mexican cultures due to its position as a border town , its large Hispanic population, and its history as part of Spanish America and Mexico . The area's longtime association with the U.S. military also contributes to its culture. Present-day culture includes many historical and tourist attractions,
6816-532: The Royal Gorge Railroad War . Federal intervention prompted an out-of-court settlement on February 2, 1880, in the form of the so-called "Treaty of Boston", wherein the D&;RG was allowed to complete its line and lease it for use by the Santa Fe. Building across Kansas and eastern Colorado was simple, with few natural obstacles, but the railroad found it almost economically impossible because of
6958-601: The San Diego Padres of Major League Baseball (MLB) and San Diego FC of Major League Soccer (MLS). The county is home to several universities whose teams compete in various NCAA Division I sports, most notably the San Diego State Aztecs . The Farmers Insurance Open , a professional golf tournament on the PGA Tour , is played annually at Torrey Pines Golf Course . San Diego County hosted
7100-666: The Santa Fe or AT&SF , was one of the largest Class 1 railroads in the United States between 1859 and 1996. The Santa Fe was a pioneer in intermodal freight transport ; at various times, it operated an airline, the short-lived Santa Fe Skyway, and the Santa Fe Railroad tugboats . Its bus line extended passenger transportation to areas not accessible by rail, and ferryboats on the San Francisco Bay allowed travelers to complete their westward journeys to
7242-576: The South Bay or South County, including South San Diego , an exclave of the city of San Diego which has no land connection to the rest of the city. San Diego County is bordered on the northwest by Orange County , on the north by Riverside County ; on the east by Imperial County ; on the south by Mexico ; and on the west by the Pacific Ocean. Under the Köppen climate classification system,
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#17327974280327384-803: The Super Chief / El Capitan , the Texas Chief and the San Diegan (though Amtrak reduced the San Diegan from three daily round trips to two). Discontinued were the San Francisco Chief , the ex- Grand Canyon , the Tulsan , and a Denver–La Junta local. ATSF had been more than willing to retain the San Diegan and its famed Chiefs. However, any railroad that opted out of Amtrak would have been required to operate all of its passenger routes until at least 1976. The prospect of having to keep operating its less-successful routes, especially
7526-564: The 1860s. The original shops were relocated in 1878 to the south side of Seward Avenue and expanded in 1902 to double the repair capacity. The shops at Albuquerque , New Mexico, were built in 1880 and materially expanded in 1925. Another shop site was established at San Bernardino , California, in 1886. To maintain rolling stock in the state of Texas, a fourth major shop facility was built in Cleburne, Texas , in 1899. Physical confrontations led to two years of armed conflict that became known as
7668-647: The 18th most populous primary statistical area in the United States. San Diego County is also part of the San Diego–Tijuana region, the largest metropolitan area shared between the United States and Mexico. From north to south, San Diego County extends from the southern borders of Orange and Riverside Counties to the Mexico–U.S. border and the municipalities of Tijuana and Tecate in Baja California . From west to east, San Diego County stretches from
7810-459: The 1926 Chief " drumhead " logo. " Super Chief " was emblazoned on a plaque located on the front. The rooftop was light slate gray, rimmed by a red pinstripe. This unique combination of colors was called the Golden Olive paint scheme. Before entering service, Sterling McDonald 's General Motors Styling Department augmented the look with the addition of red and blue striping along both
7952-508: The 2-10-2, Santa Fe rostered virtually every type of steam locomotive imaginable, including 4-4-2 Atlantics , 2-6-0 Moguls, 2-8-0 Consolidations , 2-8-2 Mikados , 2-10-0 Decapods , 2-6-2 Prairies , 4-8-4 Heavy-Mountains , 4-6-4 Heavy-Pacifics , 4-6-2 Pacifics , 4-8-2 Mountains , 2-8-4 Berkshires , and 2-10-4 Texas . The railroad also operated a fleet of heavy articulated Mallet locomotives , including 1158 class 2-6-6-2s , 2-8-8-0s , 2-10-10-2s , 2-8-8-2s , and
8094-574: The BNSF era, the company adopted a new paint scheme often known among railfans as the "Freightbonnet" or "Yellowbonnet", which placed more yellow on the locomotives (reminiscent of the company's retired Warbonnet scheme); the goal again was to ensure higher visibility at grade crossings. The truck assemblies, previously colored black, now received silver paint. In 1965, the road took delivery of ten GE U28CG dual-service road switcher locomotives equally suited to passenger or fast freight service. These wore
8236-512: The Census Bureau estimates there were 3,343,364 people, 1,067,846 households, and 663,449 families residing in the county. The population density was 670 inhabitants per square mile (260/km ). There were 1,142,245 housing units at an average density of 248 per square mile (96/km ). In 2000, there were 994,677 households, out of which 33.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.7% were married couples living together, 11.6% had
8378-464: The Colorado Desert, has an average January low of 43 °F (6 °C) and August high of 106 °F (41 °C). Rainfall along the coast averages about 10 inches (25 cm) of precipitation annually, which occurs mainly during the cooler months of December through April. Though there are few wet days per month during the rainy period, rainfall can be heavy when it does occur. However,
8520-675: The DL109/110 locomotive set, and ATSF 1A after it was rebuilt and repainted. The sides of the units typically bore the words "SANTA FE" in black, 5"– or 9"–high extra extended Railroad Roman letters, as well as the "Indian Head" logo, with a few notable exceptions. Railway identity on diesel locomotives in passenger service: Source: Pelouze, Richard W. (1997). Trademarks of the Santa Fe Railway. The Santa Fe Railway Historical and Modeling Society, Inc., Highlands Ranch, Colorado, pp. 47–50. In later years, Santa Fe adapted
8662-587: The Los Peñasquitos Lagoon arrives from Los Peñasquitos Canyon via Los Peñasquitos Creek. For many years, the Los Peñasquitos Lagoon had evolved from a tidal estuary to a lagoon that was closed to tidal action for long periods of time. Since becoming a part of the State Park System, there have been a number of changes that have increased the tidal action within the lagoon. During the prehistoric period, as early as 6000–5000 years BP ,
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#17327974280328804-431: The Pacific Ocean to its boundary with Imperial County , which separated from it in 1907. San Diego County has more than 70 miles (113 km) of coastline. This forms the most densely populated region of the county, which has a mild Mediterranean to semiarid climate and extensive chaparral vegetation, similar to the rest of the western portion of Southern California. Precipitation and temperature extremes increase to
8946-500: The Pacific Ocean to the Colorado River , and it no longer covered the entire border between California and Mexico. According to the U.S. Census Bureau , the county has an area of 4,526 square miles (11,720 km ), of which 4,207 square miles (10,900 km ) is land and 319 square miles (830 km ) (7.0%) is water. The county is larger in area than the combined states of Rhode Island and Delaware. San Diego County has
9088-542: The Pacific Ocean. The AT&SF was the subject of a popular song, Harry Warren and Johnny Mercer 's " On the Atchison, Topeka and the Santa Fe ", written for the film The Harvey Girls (1946). The railroad officially ceased independent operations on December 31, 1996, when it merged with the Burlington Northern Railroad to form the Burlington Northern and Santa Fe Railway . The railroad
9230-595: The San Diego Chargers, when the AFL was an independent entity prior to the AFL–NFL merger in 1970. Due to its lackluster record on winning professional championships, and in some cases retaining professional teams, some San Diego sports fans believe there is a curse on professional sports in the city. Santa Fe Railroad The Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway ( reporting mark ATSF ), often referred to as
9372-799: The San Diego Museum of Art , Fleet Science Center , San Diego Natural History Museum , USS Midway Museum , and the San Diego Air & Space Museum . Historical places such as the Gaslamp Quarter , Balboa Park and Old Town San Diego State Historic Park . Wildlife refuges, zoos, and aquariums such as the San Diego Zoo , San Diego Zoo Safari Park , Birch Aquarium , and the San Diego-La Jolla Underwater Park . Outdoor destinations include
9514-718: The Santa Fe Railroad (formerly SP). The Santa Fe Pacific Corporation (a name correlation of Santa Fe and Southern Pacific) was to develop the properties. They were sold to Newmont during 1997 in preparation for the merger with Burlington Northern ). Sometime later, Catellus would purchase the Union Pacific Railroad 's interest in the Los Angeles Union Passenger Terminal (LAUPT). On September 22, 1995, AT&SF merged with Burlington Northern Railroad to form
9656-421: The Santa Fe as well–virtually every small town main street and a number of city streets had their crossings protected by these unique wigwags. Virtually all the wigwags were replaced with modern signals by the turn of the 21st century. The railroad was also known for its tall "T-2 style" upper quadrant semaphores which provided traffic control on its lines. Again, the vast majority of these had been replaced by
9798-572: The Santa Fe was an early user of wigwag signals from the Magnetic Signal Company, beginning in the 1920s. They had several distinct styles that were not commonly seen elsewhere. Model 10's, which had the wigwag motor and banner coming from halfway up the mast with the crossbucks on top, were almost unique to the Santa Fe–the Southern Pacific had a few as well. Upper quadrant Magnetic Flagmen were used extensively on
9940-419: The Southern Pacific Transportation Company were placed under the control of a holding company, the Santa Fe–Southern Pacific Corporation . The merger was subsequently denied by the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) on the basis that it would create too many duplicate routes. The companies were so confident the merger would be approved that they began repainting locomotives and non-revenue rolling stock in
10082-403: The Storm Water Division is therefore a necessity to ensure proper flood control. Despite the need for sufficient flood control through regular channel maintenance, the extensive permitting process involved requires selection and planning that extends nearly two years before any service activities. M.H.S. Elwany in 2011 named the following main threats to the ecosystem of the lagoon: Elwany named
10224-600: The area for Saint Didacus , a Spaniard more commonly known as San Diego. European settlement in what is now San Diego County began with the founding of the San Diego Presidio and Mission San Diego de Alcalá by Spanish soldiers and clerics in 1769. This county was part of Alta California under the Viceroyalty of New Spain until the Mexican declaration of independence . From 1821 through 1848, this area
10366-653: The area has been subject to wildfires that force thousands to evacuate. The most recent are the December 2017 Lilac Fire , the May 2014 San Diego County wildfires , the Witch Creek Fire in 2007, and the Cedar Fire in 2003. California defines a fire season in which fires are most likely to occur, usually between late July and late October (which are the driest months of the area). Signs posted in numerous spots of
10508-557: The beginning of the 21st century, with fewer than 10 still remaining in use in New Mexico as of 2023. The Santa Fe operated a large and varied fleet of steam locomotives . In 1899, the company owned 1,036 locomotives. Among them was the 2-10-2 "Santa Fe", originally built for the railroad by Baldwin Locomotive Works in 1903. The railroad would ultimately end up with the largest fleet of them, at over 300. Aside from
10650-483: The circle and cross emblem was applied to the tenders of a few passenger locomotives, but these were all later painted over. After World War II, "Santa Fe" appeared on tender sides of mainline road locomotives in white, above the unit number. Locomotives were delivered from Baldwin with white paint on the wheel rims, but the road did not repaint these "whitewalls" after shopping the locomotives. After World War II, side rods and valve gear were painted chrome yellow. For
10792-476: The city, the railroad chose to bypass Santa Fe, due to the engineering challenges of the mountainous terrain. Eventually a branch line from Lamy, New Mexico , brought the Santa Fe railroad the 20 miles to its namesake city. The system was eventually expanded with branch lines into California, Arizona, Texas, New Mexico, Colorado, Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, Louisiana, and Illinois. By 1887 the mainline had been completed from Chicago to Los Angeles, making it one of
10934-721: The country’s most important railroads and one of the few that directly connected the Midwest with the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific Ocean under one corporation. The principal lines consisted of Chicago to Kansas City to La Junta, Colorado, to Los Angeles; Emporia, Kansas, to Oklahoma City to Fort Worth to Houston; Emporia, Kansas, to Dalies, New Mexico; Barstow to Richmond, California; Temple to Farwell, Texas; Denver to La Junta, Colorado; Albuquerque, New Mexico, to El Paso, Texas; Dallas to Presidio, Texas; and Kansas City to Tulsa. The primary back shops at Topeka , Kansas, were first established in
11076-596: The county provide information on the level of threats from fires based on weather conditions. Northern San Diego County is known as North County ; the eastern suburbs are collectively known as East County ; the rural areas located further east and extending to the Imperial County line are known as the Mountain Empire ; and the southern suburbs, extending to the Mexican border, are collectively known as
11218-545: The early 20th century, San Diego County had a thriving wine industry ; however the 1916 Charles Hatfield flood was the beginning of the end of the industry which included the destruction of the Daneri winery in Otay Valley . As of October 2016 , there are roughly one hundred vineyards and wineries in San Diego County. By the 2019–2020 statistical survey, California Department of Food & Agriculture (cdfa) found that
11360-582: The east, with mountains that receive frost and snow in the winter. These lushly forested mountains receive more rainfall than the average in Southern California, while the desert region of the county lies in a rain shadow to the east, which extends into the Desert Southwest region of North America. The area which is now San Diego County has been inhabited for more than 12,000 years by the Kumeyaay (also known as 'Iipai-Tiipai or by
11502-467: The eastern edge of the wetland from near the Park & Ride parking lot to near Pump Station 65. Both ends outside of the closed section are regularly used by motor vehicles. Unpaved. Dogs are prohibited. Both trailheads are on Carmel Valley Road, one at the corner of McGonigle Road, and the other immediately west of Del Mar Car Service. The trail is relatively short, in a fairly dry area, and roughly follows
11644-588: The ends and cab sides to increase the visibility at grade crossings (typically referred to as the Zebra Stripe scheme). "A.T.& S.F." was now placed along the sides of the unit just above the accent stripe, with the blue and white "Santa Fe" box logo below. Due to the lack of abundant water sources in the American desert, the Santa Fe Railway was among the first railroads to receive large numbers of streamlined diesel locomotives for use in freight service, in
11786-492: The estuary. In addition to ecological impacts, sedimentation in the Los Peñasquitos watershed has led to significant issues within its storm water infrastructure. Specifically, sediment accumulation in flood control channels has greatly reduced original storm water conveyance capacity. This is primarily due to the vegetation that grows within the channels as a result of siltation. Regular maintenance of these channels by
11928-478: The film The Harvey Girls , a story about the waitresses of the Fred Harvey Company 's restaurants. It was sung in the film by Judy Garland and recorded by many other singers, including Bing Crosby . In the 1970s, the railroad used Crosby's version in a commercial. AT&SF ceased operating passenger trains on May 1, 1971, when it conveyed its remaining trains to Amtrak . These included
12070-511: The first time, and changed the tidal flow and current pattern. The four original wooden trestle bridges crossing the lagoon (three over the water and one over the McGonigle Road) were replaced between 2015 and 2017 with new concrete bridges to help modernize the railroad traffic to and from San Diego. Even though the bridges were replaced, this area was not double-tracked because it is possible that these tracks will eventually be bypassed by
12212-401: The following potential low-cost improvements: The California Division of Parks and Recreation has designated the status of Los Peñasquitos Lagoon as a State Preserve, which has much more restricted access than the State Park designation. There is very limited public use of Los Peñasquitos Marsh Natural Preserve, with most of the area signed as "Do Not Enter". The California State Preserve status
12354-446: The following website: lospenasquitos.org The mouth of the lagoon is a subject to periodical (1-3 times a year) managed breaches in order to improve water quality (to improve low oxygen levels) and regulate water level to reduce the disease vector for brain encephalitis and West Nile virus transmitted through Culex tarsalis mosquito. The management program is developed by Los Peñasquitos Lagoon Foundation and California State Parks
12496-504: The form of the EMD FT . For the first group of FTs, delivered between December 1940 and March 1943 (#100–#119), the railroad selected a color scheme consisting of dark blue accented by a pale yellow stripe up the nose, and pale yellow highlights around the cab and along the mesh and framing of openings in the sides of the engine compartment; a thin red stripe separated the blue areas from the yellow. The words SANTA FE were applied in yellow in
12638-636: The historical Spanish name Diegueño), Luiseño , Cupeño , Cahuilla , and the Acjachemen people and their local predecessors. In 1542, the explorer Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo , who may have been born in Portugal but sailed under the flag of Castile , claimed San Diego Bay for the Spanish Empire , and he named the site San Miguel. In November 1602, Sebastián Vizcaíno surveyed the harbor and what are now Mission Bay and Point Loma and named
12780-415: The image of a passenger carrier. Diesels used as switchers between 1935 and 1960 were painted black, with just a thin white or silver horizontal accent stripe (the sills were painted similarly). The letters "A.T.& S.F." were applied in a small font centered on the sides of the unit, as was the standard blue and white "Santa Fe" box logo. After World War II , diagonal white or silver stripes were added to
12922-412: The lagoon are spread over about 500 acres . Due to the fast rise of the sea level at the end of the last glacial period (6000 years BP ) the lagoon became a deep bay with the rocky shores. As the sea level rise slowed down, the sediment carried by the streams started to accumulate, and the sandy beaches appeared around 4000 years BP. With sea level stabilization, the lagoon by 3600 years BP turned into
13064-468: The lagoon area are slated for retirement. Pump Station 65 is planned to be relocated out of Los Peñasquitos Lagoon along with associated relocation and upgrading of major trunk sewers. Pump Station 65 is located at 12112 Sorrento Valley Road, San Diego, California. In 1996, the northernmost portion of Sorrento Valley Road skirting the very edge of the lagoon between Carmel Valley Road and Carmel Mountain Road
13206-590: The lagoon's hydrology. Due to the high rate of sediment deposition that surpasses the federally-mandated total maximum daily load , Los Peñasquitos Lagoon is listed as a category 5 impaired body of water under section 303(d) of the Clean Water Act . This is primarily due to the adverse effects of sedimentation in the lagoon itself and also within its vast watershed. These effects include drops in photosynthetic productivity, higher concentrations of heavy metals, and overall loss of ecosystem biodiversity within
13348-507: The lagoon. The Los Peñasquitos Lagoon Foundation, formed in 1983, is 501 3(c) non-profit and is the management entity charged with implementing the enhancement plan in coordination with State Parks and the State Coastal Conservancy. More information on Los Peñasquitos Lagoon and its watershed, the Los Peñasquitos Lagoon Foundation (LPLF) and resource management within the lagoon and its watershed can be found at
13490-597: The lagoon. The Callan Treatment plant pumped 50,000 US gallons (190,000 L) per day during the 1950s; the Sorrento plant produced 500,000 US gallons (1,900,000 L) per day starting in 1962; and the Pomerado Waste Water Treatment Plant pumped treated sewage into the lagoon from 1962 to 1972. The triangular North Beach Parking Lot was built in 1968. It is accessible via Carmel Valley Road at McGonigle Road / Del Mar Scenic Parkway, and
13632-671: The land in 1966 as a possible site for a new nuclear power plant that was never built. In 1985, the California Coastal Conservancy created the Los Peñasquitos Lagoon Enhancement Plan to deal with a number of human-caused problems. A lagoon management program is now in place to monitor water quality, manage the manual removal of sand and debris upon lagoon mouth closures, give oversight and recommendations for improved usage, and coordinate with other agencies to protect and restore
13774-812: The largest population center in the desert, averages only 5 inches (13 cm), with a high evaporation rate. There are seven official wilderness areas in San Diego County that are part of the National Wilderness Preservation System (NWPS). Four of these are integral parts of Cleveland National Forest, whereas three are managed by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM). Some of these extend into neighboring counties (as indicated below): There are 236 mountain summits and peaks in San Diego County including: More than 1,700 tons of radioactive waste are stored at San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station , which sits in an area where there
13916-419: The later part of the 19th century, there were numerous changes in the boundaries of San Diego County, when various areas were separated to make up the counties mentioned above. The most recent changes were the establishments of Riverside County in 1893 and Imperial County in 1907. Imperial County was also the last county to be established in California, and after this division, San Diego no longer extended from
14058-705: The marsh area. Although mountain lions ( Felis concolor ) are now rare in the Torrey Pines and Los Peñasquitos Lagoon area, likely as a result of habitat fragmentation, mountain lion tracks and scat were reported between Interstate 5 's bridge and Los Peñasquitos Lagoon in 2000 by the Conservation Biology Institute in Encinitas. Mountain lions are relatively common in Los Peñasquitos Canyon Preserve , which
14200-406: The median home price was $ 583,000; this is lower than the median home price in Los Angeles, and Orange counties. According to the 2000 census, the median income for a household in the county was $ 47,067, and the median income for a family was $ 53,438. Males had a median income of $ 36,952 versus $ 30,356 for females. The per capita income for the county was $ 22,926. About 8.9% of families and 12.4% of
14342-559: The metropolitan area. ' The 2010 United States census reported that San Diego County had a population of 3,095,313. The racial makeup of San Diego County was 1,981,442 (64.0%) White , 158,213 (5.1%) African American , 26,340 (0.9%) Native American , 336,091 (10.9%) Asian (4.7% Filipino, 1.6% Vietnamese, 1.4% Chinese, 3.2% Other Asian), 15,337 (0.5%) Pacific Islander , 419,465 (13.6%) from other races , and 158,425 (5.0%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 991,348 people (32.0%). Including those of mixed race,
14484-473: The money-bleeding 23/24 (the former Grand Canyon ) led ATSF to get out of passenger service altogether. Amtrak still runs the Super Chief and San Diegan today as the Southwest Chief and Pacific Surfliner , respectively, although the original routes and equipment have been modified by Amtrak. AT&SF operated the following named trains on regular schedules: Occasionally, a special train
14626-600: The most popular and durable, becoming to the Santa Fe what New York City - Philadelphia trains were to the Pennsylvania Railroad . But Santa Fe flyers also served Tulsa, Oklahoma , El Paso, Texas , Phoenix, Arizona (the Hassayampa Flyer ), and Denver, Colorado , among other cities not on their main line. To reach smaller communities, the railroad operated mixed (passenger and freight) trains or gas-electric doodlebug rail cars . The latter were later converted to diesel power, and one pair of Budd Rail Diesel Cars
14768-467: The mouth was much smaller than for the other lagoons nearby. However, in 1925, the Santa Fe Railroad built a single-track roadbed causeway embankment down the center of the lagoon for its Surf Line , which still is in use today on a daily basis by the Coaster and Pacific Surfliner as well as BNSF Railway freight trains. This embankment severely restricted the normal historical lagoon drainage for
14910-548: The new "Super Fleet" campaign (the first Santa Fe units to be so decorated for freight service). The six remaining FP45 units were thereafter similarly repainted and renumbered. From that point forward, most new locomotives wore red and silver, and many retained this scheme after the Burlington Northern Santa Fe merger, some with "BNSF" displayed across their sides. For the initial deliveries of factory-new "Super Fleet" equipment, Santa Fe took delivery of
15052-401: The northeast. Although the county's western third is primarily urban, the mountains and deserts in the eastern two-thirds are primarily undeveloped backcountry . Most of these backcountry areas are home to a native plant community known as chaparral . San Diego County contains more than 1,000,000 acres (4,000 km ) of chaparral, twice as much as any other California county. Periodically
15194-525: The numerous hills, mountains, and canyons). Frequently, particularly during the "May gray/ June gloom " period, a thick marine layer will keep the air cool and damp within a few miles of the coast, but will yield to bright cloudless sunshine approximately 5–10 miles (8.0–16.1 km) inland. This happens every year in May and June. Even in the absence of June gloom, inland areas tend to experience much more significant temperature variations than coastal areas, where
15336-549: The nursery trade dominated the county's agriculture by dollar value. Second place went to avocado production. The county has been called "the Craft Beer Capital of America". Brewing has been one of the fastest-growing business sectors with local breweries ranking among the 50 largest craft brewers in the United States and breweries that are consistently rated among the top breweries in the world. Commercial operations to grow, test, or sell cannabis are not allowed in
15478-496: The ocean serves as a moderating influence. Thus, for example, downtown San Diego averages January lows of 48 °F (9 °C) and August highs of 77 °F (25 °C). The city of El Cajon, just 10 miles (16 km) northeast of downtown San Diego, averages January lows of 42 °F (6 °C) and August highs of 89 °F (32 °C). Julian, in the mountains, has an average January low of 29 °F (−2 °C) and August high of 85 °F (29 °C). Borrego Springs, in
15620-535: The other half, merged the TP&;W in 1983, then sold it back into independence in 1989. AT&SF began merger talks in the 1980s. The Southern Pacific Santa Fe Railroad (SPSF) was a proposed merger between the parent companies of the Southern Pacific and AT&SF announced on December 23, 1983. As part of the joining of the two firms, all rail and non-rail assets owned by Santa Fe Industries and
15762-435: The population were below the poverty line, including 16.5% of those under age 18 and 6.8% of those age 65 or over. Much of the county's high-income residents are concentrated in the northern part of the city of San Diego. The San Diego metropolitan area has two places with both a population of over 50,000 and a per capita income of over $ 40,000: Carlsbad and Encinitas . The county's largest continuous high-income urban area
15904-512: The railroad causeway. Paved. It is shown on Google maps as "56 Bike Trail". This lies on the east side of Interstate 5. It follows Carmel Creek and California State Route 56 . Bicycles, horses, and pedestrians are permitted, but not motor vehicles. Bicycles are very common. 32°55′48″N 117°15′11″W / 32.92990°N 117.25309°W / 32.92990; -117.25309 San Diego County San Diego County ( / ˌ s æ n d i ˈ eɪ ɡ oʊ / ), officially
16046-674: The railroad's Point Richmond terminal across San Francisco Bay. The service was originally established as a continuation of the company's named passenger train runs such as the Angel and the Saint . The larger two ships (the San Pablo and the San Pedro ) carried Fred Harvey Company dining facilities. Rival SP owned the world's largest ferry fleet (which was subsidized by other railroad activities), at its peak carrying 40 million passengers and 60 million vehicles annually aboard 43 vessels. Santa Fe discontinued ferry service in 1933 due to
16188-505: The rainfall is greater in the higher elevations of San Diego. Some of the higher areas of San Diego, such as Palomar Mountain and the Laguna Mountains , receive 20–40 inches (51–102 cm) of rain per year, supporting lush forests similar to the Sierra Nevada and California Coast Range . The Colorado Desert portion of the county lies to the east of the mountains, which receives the least amount of precipitation; Borrego Springs,
16330-422: The rare 4-4-6-2 . The railroad retired its last steam locomotive in 1959. During the twentieth century, all but one of these was painted black, with white unit numbers on the sand domes and three sides of the tender. Cab sides were lettered "AT&SF", also in white. The subsidiary Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe often painted all or part of the smokebox (between the boiler and the headlight) white or silver. In 1940,
16472-451: The region for a well rounded experience, everything from shopping to surfing as well as its mild climate. Its numerous tourist destinations include Westfield UTC , Seaport Village , and Fashion Valley for shopping. SeaWorld San Diego and Legoland California as amusement parks. Golf courses such as Torrey Pines Golf Course and Balboa Park Golf Course. Museums such as the Museum of Us ,
16614-416: The same. On all but the " Erie-built " units (which were essentially run as a demonstrator set), GE U28CG , GE U30CG , and FP45 units, a three-part yellow and black stripe ran up the nose behind the band. A "Circle and Cross" motif (consisting of a yellow field, with red quadrants, outlined in black) was painted around the side windows on "as-delivered" E1 units. Similar designs were added to E3s , E6s ,
16756-433: The scheme to consist of three yellow stripes running up the nose, with the addition of a blue and yellow Cigar Band (similar in size and shape to that applied to passenger units); the blue background and elongated yellow "SANTA FE" lettering were retained. The years 1960 to 1972 saw non-streamlined freight locomotives sporting the "Billboard" color scheme (sometimes referred to as the "Bookends" or "Pinstripe" scheme), where
16898-553: The scheme to its gas-electric " doodlebug " units. The standard for all of Santa Fe's passenger locomotives, the Warbonnet is considered by many to be the most-recognized corporate logo in the railroad industry. Early after Amtrak's inception in 1971, Santa Fe embarked on a program to repaint the red bonnet on its F units that were still engaged in hauling passenger consists with yellow (also called Yellowbonnets ) or dark blue (nicknamed Bluebonnets ), as it no longer wanted to project
17040-539: The sides and ends of the units in order to enhance their appearance. In a little over a year, the EMC E1 (a new and improved streamlined locomotive) would be pulling the Super Chief and other passenger consists, resplendent in the now-famous Warbonnet paint scheme devised by Leland Knickerbocker of the GM Art and Color Section. Its design was protected under a U.S. design patent , granted on November 9, 1937. It
17182-524: The southwesternmost county in the 48 contiguous United States , and is a border county . It is home to 18 Indian reservations , the most of any county in the United States. There are 16 military installations of the U.S. Navy , Marine Corps , and Coast Guard in the county. San Diego County comprises the San Diego–Chula Vista–Carlsbad, CA metropolitan statistical area , which is the 17th most populous metropolitan statistical area and
17324-541: The sparse population. It set up real estate offices in the area and promoted settlement across Kansas on the land granted to it by Congress in 1863. On March 29, 1955 , the railway was one of many companies that sponsored attractions in Disneyland with its five-year sponsorship of all Disneyland trains and stations until 1974. In 1960, AT&SF bought the Toledo, Peoria & Western Railroad (TP&W); then sold
17466-413: The state. However, the two counties maintain weak relations and have little in common aside from their common border. The region has a high cost of living . This includes the highest cost of water in the United States. As of 2018 , San Diego County is within the top ten highest cost of rent in the United States; this has led to people moving out of the county. San Diego County's agriculture industry
17608-469: The summer months due to irrigation runoff ("urban drool"), the resulting changes in habitat were beneficial to mosquito Culex tarsalis , a carrier of the encephalitis and West Nile virus diseases. Originally, the railroad tracks travelled straight from Sorrento Valley on the eastern side of the Lagoon and ran parallel north of what is now Carmel Valley Road, therefore the impact on the tidal circulation and
17750-468: The total number of residents with Asian ancestry was 407,984. As of 2009, the racial makeup of the county was 79.4% White American , 5.6% Black or African American , 1% Native American , 10.4% Asian , 0.5% Pacific Islander , 10.3% from other races , and 3.6% from two or more races. 31.3% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 67.0% spoke only English at home; 21.9% spoke Spanish, 3.1% Tagalog and 1.2% Vietnamese . As of 2018,
17892-547: The tracks were laid directly over the wagon ruts of the Santa Fe Trail . In 1869, the first general office building of the company was built in Topeka. This building also served as a passenger station and freight depot. When the line was extended to Newton, Kansas in 1871, the railroad became a major cattle shipper to ensure a steady revenue stream, at the end of Texas cattle drive trails . Despite being chartered to serve
18034-426: The unincorporated areas of the county. Companies must be licensed by the local agency to operate and each city or county may authorize none or only some of these activities. Local governments may not prohibit adults, who are in compliance with state laws, from growing, using, or transporting marijuana for personal use. Tourism plays a large part in the economics of the San Diego metropolitan area. Tourists are drawn to
18176-439: The units were predominantly dark blue with yellow ends and trim, with a single yellow accent pinstripe. The words "Santa Fe" were applied in yellow in large bold serif letters (logotype) to the sides of the locomotive below the accent stripe (save for yard switchers which displayed the "SANTA FE" in small yellow letters above the accent stripe, somewhat akin to the Zebra Stripe arrangement). From 1972 to 1996, and even on into
18318-791: The urban and suburban San Diego area straddles areas of Mediterranean climate (Csa) to the north and hot semi-arid climate (BSh) to the south and east. As a result, it is often described as "arid Mediterranean" and "semi-arid steppe." Farther east, arid desert conditions prevail. Western San Diego's climate is characterized by warm, dry summers and mild winters with most of the annual precipitation falling between November and March. The city has mild, mostly dry weather, with an average of 201 days above 70 °F (21 °C) and low rainfall (9–13 inches (23–33 cm) annually). Summer temperatures are generally warm, with average highs of 70–78 °F (21–26 °C) and lows of 55–66 °F (13–19 °C). Temperatures exceed 90 °F (32 °C) only four days
18460-501: The years so that they do not pump treated effluent directly into the lagoon any more. Pump Station 64 is located in an industrial area at the very far upstream end of the lagoon, near the Sorrento Valley Coaster Station . Pump Station 64 has often malfunctioned and spilled millions of gallons of raw sewage directly into Los Penasquitos Lagoon, in fact between 1977 and 1986 there were 60 such spills. There were
18602-439: Was 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.7 males. In 2012, it was estimated that there were 198,000 unauthorized immigrants ; the origin of the plurality of them is Mexico . In 2018, the median household income was $ 70,824; most people spend more than 30% of their income on housing costs. In August of that year,
18744-517: Was among the first to add dining cars to its passenger trains, a move which began in 1891, following the examples of the Northern Pacific and Union Pacific railroads. The AT&SF offered food on board in a dining car or at one of the many Harvey House restaurants that were strategically located throughout the system. In general, the same train name was used for both directions of a particular train. The exceptions to this rule included
18886-535: Was chartered in February 1859 to serve the cities of Atchison and Topeka, Kansas , and Santa Fe, New Mexico . The railroad reached the Kansas – Colorado border in 1873 and Pueblo, Colorado , in 1876. To create a demand for its services, the railroad set up real estate offices and sold farmland from the land grants that it was awarded by Congress for laying track. As the railroad was first being built, many of
19028-403: Was chartered to make a high-profile run over the Santa Fe's track. These specials were not included in the railroad's regular revenue service lineup, but were intended as one-time (and usually one-way) traversals of the railroad. Some of the more notable specials include: The Santa Fe employed several distinctive wayside and crossing signal styles. In an effort to reduce grade crossing accidents,
19170-622: Was closed in order to build Pump Station 65. The road remained closed during the Interstate 5/805/56 interchange improvements, and on February 25, 2003, the San Diego City Council voted to permanently close it and convert the corridor to a bike path/multi-use trail. Closing the road has improved access to a wildlife corridor for deer, fox, coyote, bobcat and spotted skunk to enter and exit the Preserve. Los Peñasquitos Lagoon
19312-402: Was eventually added. After World War II, Santa Fe Trailways buses replaced most of these lesser trains. These smaller trains generally were not named; only the train numbers were used to differentiate services. The ubiquitous passenger service inspired the title of the 1946 Academy-Award -winning Harry Warren tune " On the Atchison, Topeka and the Santa Fe ." The song was written in 1945 for
19454-440: Was expanded in 1932–1933, with “Sorrento Overhead” providing a railroad overpass). In 1965–1967, Interstate 5 was built, North Beach parking lot followed in 1968. As a result, three transportation links intersect the lagoon: Highway 101 runs along the beach on the western side, Santa Fe Railroad line crosses in the center, Interstate 5 lies in the east. The urbanization of the surrounding area caused an inflow of fresh water in
19596-420: Was one of the original counties of California, created at the time of California statehood in 1850. At the time of its establishment in 1850, San Diego County was relatively large, and included all of southernmost California south and east of Los Angeles County . It included areas of what are now Inyo and San Bernardino Counties, as well as all of what are now Riverside and Imperial Counties. During
19738-537: Was opened. The Santa Fe was the only railroad to run trains from Chicago to California on its own tracks. The railway's extensive network was also home to a number of regional services. These generally couldn't boast of the size or panache of the transcontinental trains, but built up enviable reputations of their own nonetheless. Of these, the Chicago-Texas trains were the most famous and impressive. The San Diegans , which ran from Los Angeles to San Diego, were
19880-518: Was part of Mexico . San Diego County became part of the United States as a result of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848, ending the Mexican–American War . This treaty designated the border to pass through a point one marine league south of the southernmost point of the port of San Diego, ensuring that the United States received all of the natural harbor of San Diego Bay. San Diego County
20022-576: Was widely known for its passenger train service in the first half of the 20th century. AT&SF introduced many innovations in passenger rail travel, among these the " Pleasure Domes " of the Super Chief (billed as the " ...only dome car[s] between Chicago and Los Angeles " when they were introduced in 1951) and the " Big Dome " Lounge cars and double-decker Hi-Level cars of the El Capitan , which entered revenue service in 1954. The railroad
20164-499: Was worth $ 1.85 billion in 2013, and is one of the top five egg producing counties in the United States. In 2013, San Diego County also had the most small farms of any county in the United States, and had the 19th largest agricultural economy of any county in the United States. According to the San Diego Farm Bureau, San Diego County is the United States' leading producer of avocados and nursery crops . Until
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