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30-620: The region's economy is based on forestry, cattle farming, tourism, manufacturing, and services. Key industries include the Valdivia Pulp Mill , Valdivia's shipyards , and the dairy facilities located in La Unión . The population of the region was 380,181 according to the 2017 census. Approximately half of the population lives in the commune of Valdivia. The capital of Los Rios Region is Valdivia . The region's 12 communes are distributed between 2 provinces. These are: Valdivia

60-461: A period of decline started with the world wars. After the Great Chilean earthquake in 1960, Valdivia fell deeper into decline. Much of the city was destroyed and many people left the city. In 1974 the military junta reorganized the political divisions of Chile deciding that Valdivia was no longer adequate to be a "first class administrative territory" capital. Hence, it was reclassified into

90-502: A province within Los Lagos Region and Puerto Montt was designated capital. Valdivians greatly resented this decision because they felt they were better suited to be the capital than Puerto Montt, holding forth the following arguments: On October 19, 2005 Chilean President Ricardo Lagos signed a bill allowing for the creation of Los Ríos Region ("The Rivers Region"). The bill was approved by Congress on December 19, 2006; it

120-474: Is a Spanish geographical term for hills and mountains lying before a greater range, similar to foothills . The term is derived from cordillera (mountain range)—literally "pre-mountain range"—and applied usually to the Andes . Some places usually called precordillera are: This article related to topography is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about geography terminology

150-583: Is a narrow band characterized by hosting a large number of deep glacial piedmont lakes that are dammed by moraines . These lakes intersect forested granitic mountain massifs of up to 1500 m, such as Cordillera Negra and Cerros de Quimán. The Precordilleran hills and mountains have step slopes to the north and south as the main direction of the Quaternary glaciers where from east to west. Many lake shores are cleared lands where agriculture, settlements and resort areas develop. The proper Andes extends from

180-674: Is part of Northern Patagonia as its wild virgin forest embrace the Patagonian Cordillera following the river Calle Calle down to the Pacific Ocean. It is known in Patagonia the term " Bosque Valdiviano" referring to the primitive virgin forest found in the cordillera valleys of Valdivia which include dense masses of native trees. These Forest are present in some parts of Northern Patagonia both in Chile and Argentina. In

210-660: Is the Liquiñe-Ofqui Fault that crosses the whole region from north to south allowing numerous valleys to develop above it. The Liquiñe-Ofqui Fault is tectonically active causing minor tremors and is also believed responsible by geologists for the alignment of the volcanoes of the southern section of the Southern Volcanic Zone. Along Liquiñe-Ofqui Fault there are several hotsprings such as Liquiñe , Chihuío , Termas Geométricas , Termas Vergara and Termas de Coñaripe . The region owes its name to

240-495: Is well above the national average which is of 13.4%. The population of Los Ríos has a relatively high percentage of people who self-identify as indigenous of 11.3% it means 40,515 persons. To compare, the national average is of 4.58%. It has a large German presence alike the nearby Los Lagos Region . See also German colonization of Valdivia, Osorno and Llanquihue In the beginning of the Chilean Republic, Valdivia

270-800: The Intermediate Depression , the Precordillera and the Andes . These units are oriented parallel to the coast and the subduction zone there. An exception to this are the eastern hills in Mariquina and Máfil that despite belonging to the Coast Range system adrift eastwards and comes very close to the Precordillera cutting the Intermediate Depression in two. The Coastal Cordillera does not exceed

300-507: The 1000 m in height being Cerro Oncol (715 m) the highest point in the section north of Valdivia River . The Coast Range is cut by Valdivia and Bueno Rivers , deeply incised rivers that drains the inland. Most of the Coast is covered by native Valdivian temperate rain forest , although it has in some parts been substituted by plantations of exotic species , specially Douglas firs and eucalyptus . Two great agricultural flatlands exist in

330-580: The Los Ríos Region stand out, such as Maha Vial , Iván Espinoza Riesco, José Baroja , Aldo Astete Cuadra, Efraín Miranda Cárdenas, to name a few. The International Sculpture Symposium of Valdivia is cataloged as one of the most important events in Chile and one of the most prestigious in Latin America. The Valdivia International Jazz Festival was born in July 2000. Today it is considered

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360-548: The ability to build up cones and rise again after erosion and explosive eruptions makes many of them the highest mountains in the region and Zona Sur . The volcanoes of Los Ríos Regions belong to the Southern Volcanic Zone of Andes, whose current activity front is located about 200 km west from the main Andean cordillera, this makes volcanoes stand out as isolated snow-covered cones of more than 2000 m, above

390-610: The authorities. The plant was closed in 2005 after the company's lawyers reportedly produced a misleading environmental study regarding pollution on the Cruces River. The scandal prompted Celco's chief executive to resign in June 2005 and the company to pledge to adopt cleaner technologies. The plant reopened two months later at limited production capacity. Even in 2006 the Latin American water tribunal recommended to close down

420-488: The burning of volatiles and black liquor . The plant was built in 2004 and is owned by Celulosa Arauco y Constitución also called CELCO. In 2004 and 2005 thousands of black-necked swans in the Carlos Anwandter Nature Sanctuary in Chile died or migrated away following major contamination by a newly opened CELCO pulp mill located near the city of Mariquina and Cruces River which feeds

450-469: The coming three years to promote tourism. Also, a local resident group was formed named Accion por los Cisnes ("Action for the Swans"). This kept up a constant complaint to the government officials about the issue and looked for environmental reparation. In 2014 the state of defense council filed against CELCO in a lawsuit. The Civil Court of Valdivia ordered CELCO a series of measures to repair and mitigate

480-492: The damage to the wetland. The first was to conduct a biological and chemical study about the actual situation. They were also to create an artificial wetland upon the river from where the dumping was made. Then there was to be five years of environmental impact monitoring, and the creation of a wetland research with community engagement. 39°33′57″S 72°54′00″W  /  39.5657°S 72.8999°W  / -39.5657; -72.8999 Precordillera Precordillera

510-783: The eastern half of the Precordillean lakes to the border with Neuquén Province in Argentina . The Andes in this part of Chile, the Zona Sur , has almost escaped the Andean orogenesis . Here the Andes consist of old granitic plutons such as the Panguipulli Batholith and the North Patagonian Batholith together with volcanics and some minor areas of sediments and metasediments . As result of

540-504: The last census, of 2017, Los Ríos Region (then Valdivia Province) registered a population of 380,181 inhabitants. By this number the region is ranked 10th among Chile's 16 regions and has a share of 2.35% of the national total. The regions rural population represents 32% of the total, which is explained by the fact that almost half of the population lives in the city of Valdivia and that the cities of Río Bueno and La Unión have together 50,000 inhabitants. This percentage of rural population

570-749: The lower mountains that rarely pass the 1500 m. The main cordillera makes up the continental divide and are therefore according to the 1881 Argentina-Chile treaty the border between the two nations. Faults and glacier action have however made a gap at the site of Huahum Pass where waters from the eastern Argentine slopes drains westward to the Pacific Mountains at the cordillera may reach at most some 2000 m in height. Andean valleys of Los Ríos Region are deep and broad and either used for raising cattle or for wood lodging, as well as tourism and protection of biodiversity . These glacial valleys are placed above old Miocene rivers and faults. The chief fault

600-646: The main rivers. The Valdivia International Film Festival (FICV) is the most important film event in Chile, one of the most important worldwide and in Latin America. It has been held since 1994, generally during the month of October. The Valdivia Book Fair is organized annually by the Municipal Cultural Corporation of the city, with the support of the Government of Los Ríos, in the Saval Park. In this context, several authors born in

630-432: The mill. In July 2007 CELCO agreed to pay $ 614 million Chilean pesos to Valdivian tourism companies to avoid legal actions for supposed losses of the tourism sector of Valdivia due to contamination of Carlos Anwandter Nature Sanctuary. In a document signed the tourism company's CELCO was exempted from all responsibility involving the contamination of Cruces River. CELCO also promised to pay $ 2 million monthly each of

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660-465: The minimal Andean mountainbuilding the mountains shows little rejuvenation and are mostly shaped by erosive agents, specially glaciers. An exception to this are the several volcanoes that rises east of the piedmont lakes, this volcanoes are among the most active in Chile and as result their form are influenced by the eruptions; either in constructive manner such as Villarrica Volcano or more destructive like Quetrupillán . The fact that these volcanoes have

690-465: The new region, instead of remaining the fourth province of Los Lagos Region , however, in a referendum held in 2006 the residents of that province rejected the idea. Los Ríos Region lies in the southern temperate zone and in a tectonically active milieu. Four distinct landscape types, or morphological units, can be distinguished in the region. These are from west to east; the Coastal Range ,

720-527: The oldest festival in Chile and one of the most important in this musical genre in the Southern Cone. Valdivia Pulp Mill The Valdivia Pulp Mill or Planta Valdivia is a pulp mill and biomass -fueled electrical generating station in San José de la Mariquina , Los Ríos Region , Chile . Although the main activity is wood pulp production, it also generates 61 MW of electricity from

750-423: The region, the Mariquina valley and Los Llanos of La Unión and Río Bueno . The first one is a tectonic depression in the Coast Range connected to Valdivia by Cruces River and the second is the continuation of the Intermediate Depression that re-opens south of Máfil. The flatlands and mayor river valleys form large, open, cultural landscapes used as grassing meadows or for growing crops. The Precordillera

780-527: The river network that converge in Valdivia River at the city of Valdivia . These rivers drain most of northern Los Ríos Region as well as parts of Araucanía Region and Neuquén Province in Argentina . A second large river, Bueno River is responsible for the draining of the southern parts of the region including Ranco Lake , Chile's 4th largest lake. Bueno River and its tributary Pilmaiquén River also drain large areas of Osorno Province and form

810-526: The southern boundary of the region. These two big river systems receive a continuous inflow of water due to being fed by lakes and lake chains in the Andes. Valdivia River is provided by the Seven Lakes chain plus Lácar Lake and Bueno River from Ranco , Maihue and Puyehue Lake . The large lakes in the interior are fed by rainwater and snow melt from the higher mountains. Glaciers and semipermanent snow patches have relatively low share flow volume of

840-403: The wetlands. By August 2005, the birds in the sanctuary had been "wiped out"; only four birds could be observed from a population formerly estimated at 5,000 birds. Autopsies on dead swans attributed the deaths to high levels of iron and other metals polluting the water. The company had been dumping dioxins and heavy metals into the river illegally from a wastetube that had not been approved by

870-427: Was one of the original eight provinces established. The reason for the incorporation was not so much the value of Valdivia, per se , but to minimize the threat to Chilean independence posed by Spaniards in the territory. As German Chilean immigrants arrived in the city during the mid 19th century, the local economy started to develop industries. By 1900, Valdivia was the third most industrialized city in Chile, however,

900-463: Was signed into law on March 16, 2007 and published on April 5, 2007. According to the Roman numeral designation, currently used in Chile, this region is number XIV (fourteenth). However, steps are being taken to no longer refer to the regions by numbers. When the new region was considered by Congress, Osorno made several proposals: It was proposed that Osorno Province join as the third province of

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