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33-578: The hilltop includes the Latrun Abbey , Mini Israel (a park with scale models of historic buildings around Israel), The International Center for the Study of Bird Migration (ICSBM), the Yad La-Shiryon memorial to armored corps soldiers killed in action, and military tank museum. Neve Shalom (Oasis of Peace) is a joint Israeli-Palestinian community on a hilltop south of Latrun. Canada Park

66-689: A census taker of the same religion as the occupants. The uncooperative Bedouin of the Southern District were counted approximately using counts of households and tithe records, leading to an estimate of 72,898 persons for that sector. A number of villages in the northern border area were not enumerated as they were still under French control, despite being in Palestine according to the Franco-British boundary agreement (1920) . The census did not cover Transjordan at all. A summary of

99-582: A child. The permanent exhibition shows the main sites and structures in Israel of importance to Judaism , Christianity , and Islam . The sites are of historical, archeological, cultural, religious, and ethnic importance, depicting the sites and the ethnic groups associated with them, such as different Muslim cultural groups, Jews and Christians living in the country, but also Druze , Bedouin and others. The signs are in Hebrew, Arabic, and English. 95% of

132-602: A makeshift camouflaged road through the seemingly impassable mountains towards Jerusalem was constructed under the command of Mickey (David) Marcus . This bypassed the main routes overlooked by Latrun and was named the Burma Road after its emergency supply-line namesake between Kunming (China) and Lashio (Burma), improvised by the Allies in World War II . By 10 June 1948, the road was fully operational, putting an end to

165-575: A small village established in the late 19th century by villagers from nearby Emmaus . In 1883, the PEF 's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described Latrun as a few adobe huts among the ruins of a medieval fortress. In December 1890, a monastery was established at Latrun by French, German and Flemish monks of the Trappist order , from Sept-Fons Abbey in France, at the request of Monseigneur Poyet of

198-569: A total of 16 "houses". During WWI the monastery sustained significant damage. Latrun and its environs saw heavy fighting during the Sinai and Palestine campaign , an offensive launched in the fall of 1917 by the Entente powers against the Ottoman Empire and its allies. The monastery's interior furnishings, as well as all of its windows and doors, were either looted or destroyed as a result of

231-456: A total of 8,376 dunams of land. Of this, a total of 6,705 dunams were used for cereals , 439 dunams were irrigated or used for orchards, 7 for citrus and bananas, while 4 dunams were classified as built-up public areas. The road from the coastal plain to Jerusalem was blocked after the British withdrew and handed the fort of Latrun over to Jordan 's Arab Legion . The Arab Legionnaires used

264-529: A wide variety of wines that are sold in the Abbey shop and elsewhere. In the 1922 census of Palestine , conducted by the British Mandate authorities , Latrun had a population of 59, all Muslims . In addition, Dair Latrun ("The monastery of Latrun") had a population of 37 Christian males. In the 1931 census they were counted together, and Latrun had a population 120; 76 Muslims and 44 Christians, in

297-712: Is loosely shaped like a star of David, with each of the six triangles representing an area or city: Jerusalem; Tel Aviv; Haifa; Galil; Negev; Center. Models were created in workshops spread throughout Israel using sophisticated computerized evaluations, based on research prepared by Mini Israel staff. Most of the buildings were built in the scale of 1:25. Exceptions are Nahalal - 1:250; Orot Rabin power station - 1:50; walls of Jerusalem and Acre reduced to 1:50 leaving their height at 1:25; Knesset Menorah - 1:15 The models are made of polyurethane or similar polymeric materials, and small stones. They were painted with waterproof paint for resistance to weather conditions. Many of

330-665: Is nearby to the east. The name Latrun is derived from the ruins of a medieval Crusader castle . There are two theories regarding the origin of the name. One is that it is a corruption of the Old French La toron des chevaliers , or of the Castilian La torón de los caballeros (The Castle of the Knights), so named by the Knights Templar , or by its Castilian founder, Rodrigo Gonzales de Lara (see below). The other

363-868: Is that it is from the Latin, Domus boni Latronis (The House of the Good Thief ), a name given by 14th-century Christian pilgrims after the penitent thief who was crucified by the Romans alongside Jesus ( Luke 23:40–43 ). In the Hebrew Bible , the Ayalon Valley was the site of a battle in which the Israelites , led by Joshua , defeated the Amorites ( Joshua 10:1–11 ). Later, Judah Maccabee established his camp here in preparation for battle with

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396-859: The Jesus-Bruderschaft  [ de ] , to be established on its land. The Tegart fort became the Yad La-Shiryon memorial for the fallen soldiers of the Israeli Armored Corps and a museum was established there. Mini Israel Mini Israel ( Hebrew : מיני ישראל ) is a miniature park located near Latrun , Israel in the Ayalon Valley . Opened in November 2002, the site contains miniature replicas of hundreds of buildings and landmarks in Israel. The tourist attraction consists of about 350 miniaturize models of notable buildings. The scale of 1:25 produces skyscrapers that tower over an adult and historic churches taller than

429-659: The Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem . The monastery( fr ) is dedicated to Our Lady of the Seven Sorrows . The liturgy is in French. The monks bought the 'Maccabee Hotel', formerly called 'The Howard' from the Batato brothers together with two-hundred hectares of land and started the community in a building which still stands in the monastic domain. The old monastery complex was built between 1891 and 1897. In 1909 it

462-779: The Ottoman Empire , most recently in 1914, had been for the purpose of imposing taxation or locating men for military service. For this reason, the announcement of a census was unpopular and effort was made in advance to reassure the population. This was believed to be successful except in the case of the Bedouins of the Beersheva Subdistrict , who refused to cooperate. Many census gatherers, supervised by 296 Revising Operators and Enumerators, visited each dwelling, with special arrangements made for persons having no fixed address. Where possible, houses were visited by

495-641: The Seleucid Greeks, who had invaded Judea and were camped at Emmaus ; this site is today identified by archaeologists as Hurvat Eked. According to the Book of Maccabees , Judah Maccabee learned that the Greeks were planning to march on his position, and successfully ambushed the invaders. The Jewish victory in what was later called the Battle of Emmaus led to greater Jewish autonomy under Hasmonean rule over

528-751: The United Nations General Assembly 's Resolution 181 and the Arab assaults against Israel which followed, the Jordanian Legion's fort was assaulted by combined forces of Israel's newly created 7th Armored Brigade , and a battalion of the Alexandroni Brigade . Ariel Sharon , then a platoon commander, was wounded at Latrun along with many of his soldiers. The assault, codenamed Operation Bin Nun Alef (24–25 May) ,

561-554: The Jewish Agency and kept his troops at Latrun. In the 1949 Armistice Agreements , the fort remained a salient under Jordanian control , which was in turn surrounded by a perimeter of no man's land . Under the cease-fire agreement, Jordan was not to disrupt Israeli travelers using this road; in practice, constant sniper attacks led Israel to build a bypass road around the bulge. In the Six-Day War of 1967, Latrun

594-528: The Latrun pumping station made it impossible for water in adequate quantities to flow to West Jerusalem, but the Israelis built an auxiliary small-capacity water pipeline along the "Burma Road", which provided a minimum amount of water. After Operation Danny , Israeli forces anticipated a Jordanian counterattack, possibly from Latrun, but King Abdullah remained within the bounds of the tacit agreement made with

627-608: The Tel-Aviv-Jerusalem road. Many members of the Yishuv who had resisted the British administration were imprisoned in a detention camp at Latrun. Moshe Sharett , later Israel's second Prime Minister, and several other members of the Jewish Agency 's Executive Committee, were held at Latrun for several months in 1946. As of the 1945 statistics , the population of the Latrun village had grown to 190 Christians, with

660-499: The conflict. After the war, a new monastery was built at Latrun in 1926, and the crypt was completed in 1933. However the church was again damaged during the Arab-Israeli war of 1948, and required further restoration. This work was completed, and the church officially consecrated, on 21 November 1953. The monastery was designed by the community's first abbot, Dom Paul Couvreur, and is an example of Cistercian architecture . Many of

693-595: The former USSR. The park was the brainchild of Israeli entrepreneur Eiran Gazit who conceived the idea after visiting the famous miniature town of Madurodam in the Netherlands in 1986. Delayed by the First Intifada , Gazit began plans to build the park in 1994. The park was created by Gazit and his partners, with Yoni Shapira serving as creative and marketing director, Mike Madeson in charge of international projects, and Koby Plashkes as technical director. It

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726-688: The fort to shell Israeli vehicles traveling on the road below, effectively imposing a military siege on Jerusalem and the Jewish residents there, despite that the United Nations plan was to keep Jerusalem as an international zone with neither Jordan, Israel, nor the Palestinian Arab Higher Committee having sovereignty over it. On 24 May 1948, ten days after the Israeli Declaration of Independence per

759-411: The models include kinetic moving parts such as trains, planes, a soccer game, heavy equipment, boats, etc. On the grounds of the park is the unmarked mass grave of about 80 Egyptian commandos who were killed nearby during the 1967 Six-Day War . The commanders included 25 who burnt to death in a wild fire. An attempt to publish this information in the 1990s was forbidden by the military censor , but

792-592: The month-old Arab blockade. On 2 August, the Truce Commission drew the attention of the Security Council to the Arabs' refusal to allow water and food supplies to reach Jewish West Jerusalem . After much negotiation, it was agreed that United Nations convoys would transport supplies, but the convoys often came under sniper fire. Towards the end of August, the situation improved. The destruction of

825-461: The next century. Little remains of the castle, which was reputedly built in 1130s by a Castilian nobleman Rodrigo González de Lara who later gave it to the Templars . The main tower was later surrounded with a rectangular enclosure with vaulted chambers. This in turn was enclosed by an outer court, of which one tower survives. Walid Khalidi in his book All That Remains describes al-Latrun as

858-519: The stained-glass windows were produced by a monk of the community. A Juniorate, a school for young boys, ran from 1931 until 1963 and provided many vocations for the community, especially of Lebanese monks. Following the 1936–39 Arab revolt , the British authorities built a number of police forts (named Tegart forts after their designer) at various locations; Latrun was chosen due to its strategic significance, particularly its dominant position above

891-572: The suppression order was lifted in 2022. After publication in Israeli newspapers , Yedioth Ahronoth and Haaretz , Egyptian president Abdel Fattah al-Sisi raised the issue with Israeli prime minister Yair Lapid , who directed his military secretary , "to examine the issue in-depth and to update Egyptian officials". 31°50′32.97″N 34°58′2.1″E  /  31.8424917°N 34.967250°E  / 31.8424917; 34.967250 1922 census of Palestine The 1922 census of Palestine

924-594: The visitors are Israeli. The complex covers 60,000 square metres (14.8 acres), with the models displayed over 35,000 sq m (8.6 acres). The park also includes a souvenir shop, a few restaurants and rest areas, and a hall for lectures and meetings in which a film about the creation of the park is displayed. An audio guide and motorised buggies are available. The slogan since its inception has been "See it all - small". The designers, architects and model builder team consisted of over 100 people from all parts of Israeli society and religions, including many new immigrants from

957-652: Was captured by the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF), and the main road to Jerusalem was reopened and made safe for travel. The village of Latrun, our first objective, was built around the ruins of an old Crusader castle on the crest of a hill overlooking the Jerusalem road. On the southern slopes of the olive groves stretched down the road, while at the bottom of the western slope sat a big Trappist monastery. The Latrun monastic community allowed two communities, Neve Shalom/Wahat as-Salam and an affiliate of

990-854: Was funded mainly by two large investing groups: Granite HaCarmel and Secom of the Shikun Ubinui Group. It cost $ 20 million USD, with 15% of the funding coming from the Israel Tourism Office . The park was built on land owned by Kibbutz Nachshon . It had 350,000 visitors in its first nine months of opening. A Google Street View of Mini Israel was completed in November 2011, becoming active on April 19, 2012. The park consists of about 350 buildings and landmarks, 30,000 figures, 500 animals, plants and 15,000 real trees, 4,700 cars, 100 motorbikes, 14 trains, 3 helicopters, 32 aircraft, 175 ships and 230 trucks. All trees are real bonsai cultivated and planted by Agronomy nursery. The park

1023-553: Was given the status of a priory and that of an abbey in 1937. The community was expelled by the Ottoman Turks between 1914–1918 and the buildings pillaged, a new monastery being built during the next three decades. The monks established a vineyard using knowledge gained in France and advice from an expert in the employ of Baron Edmond James de Rothschild from the Carmel-Mizrahi Winery . Today they produce

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1056-414: Was the first census carried out by the authorities of the British Mandate of Palestine , on 23 October 1922. The reported population was 757,182, including the military and persons of foreign nationality. The division into religious groups was 590,890 Muslims , 83,794 Jews , 73,024 Christians , 7,028 Druze , 408 Sikhs , 265 Baháʼís , 156 Metawalis , and 163 Samaritans . Censuses carried out by

1089-525: Was unsuccessful, sustaining heavy casualties. On 31 May 1948, a second attack against the fort, codenamed Operation Bin Nun Bet , also failed, although the outer defenses had been breached. Many of the Israeli fighters were young Holocaust survivors who had just arrived in the country and had minimal military training. The official casualty figure for both battles was 139. To circumvent the blocked road,

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