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58-455: In the early years of animation , the studio was home to many of the pioneers of animation, brought there by Walt Disney . It was the site of inspiration for Disney and Ub Iwerks to create Mickey Mouse . Laugh-O-Gram is the subject of two feature films: As Dreamers Do and Walt Before Mickey . In 1921, Walt Disney was contracted by Milton Feld to animate twelve cartoons, which he called Newman's Laugh-O-Grams. On May 23, 1922, when Disney

116-495: A "slash and tear" technique to not have to draw the complete background or other motionless parts for every frame. The parts where something needed to be changed for the next frame were carefully cut away from the drawing and filled in with the required change on the sheet below. After Barré had started his career in animation at Edison Studios , he founded one of the first film studios dedicated to animation in 1914 (initially together with Bill Nolan ). Barré Studio had success with

174-508: A CD player, tilt and telescoping steering column, power locks/mirrors/windows, and remote keyless entry. Additional features and trims were available, including the Charger R/T with a 5.7 L Hemi V8 mated to a five-speed automatic transmission. A multiple-displacement system that allowed it to save fuel by running on only four cylinders when cruising was also featured in the V8. Performance

232-452: A GPS navigation system, a 322-watt audio system, a sunroof, and a rear-seat DVD entertainment system and radio. The Charger received an improved interior and new exterior styling for 2011. This included new side scoops along both front and rear doors, more angular headlights, aggressive new grille styling, and a more defined and aerodynamic shape overall. Most notably, the back end adopted a more modern wrap-around LED tail light spanning nearly

290-399: A black Dodge Charger struck the building and caused significant damage to the exterior. The incident occurred early in the morning, the driver fleeing the scene, though authorities subsequently found a woman's driving license and a margarita within the vehicle. Butch Rigby, who launched the campaign to save and restore the building, described the incident optimistically: "The bottom line, it's

348-473: A bump in the road, but it could have been worse". Disney told interviewers that the inspiration to draw Mickey came from a tame mouse at his desk at Laugh-O-Gram Studio in Kansas City, Missouri . They used to fight for little pieces of cheese in my waste-basket when I worked alone late at night. I lifted them out and kept them in wire cages on my desk. I grew particularly fond of one brown house mouse. He

406-421: A center console that went to the back seats and had "race-inspired" instrument gauges. The front fascia introduced hidden headlights behind a full-width grille and a "wall-to-wall" taillamp design. The base engine was a 318 cu in (5.2 L) V8 with a three-speed manual transmission, while automatic and floor-mounted manual transmissions were optional. Larger and more powerful engines were available up to

464-460: A clown, evolving into a character that would become known as Ko-Ko the Clown . Newspaper tycoon William Randolph Hearst founded International Film Service in 1916. Hearst lured away most of Barré Studio's animators, with Gregory La Cava becoming the head of the studio. They produced adaptations of many comic strips from Heart's newspapers in a rather limited fashion, giving just a little motion to

522-470: A ducktail spoiler. The 1973 and 1974 Chargers were similar to the 1971s, with minor differences in the grille and headlamps. The 1973 and 1974 Chargers also featured new quarter windows, which were larger and shaped differently than the quarter windows seen on the 1971 and 1972 models. The increase in sales was primarily due to the elimination of the Dodge Coronet two-door, which meant Dodge offered

580-466: A horizontal trim to the grille. The powertrains were carried over from 1967, with the 225 cu in (3.7 L) slant-6 available in mid-1968. The 1968 Charger was unsuccessful in stock car racing, such as NASCAR . A more aerodynamic shape formed the Charger 500 model, later followed by the 1969 Charger Daytona . The 1970 Charger did win the most NASCAR races in 1970, helping Bobby Isaac win

638-435: A one-way train ticket, moving to Hollywood, California ; he brought along an unfinished reel of Alice's Wonderland . The bankruptcy trustee was able to force LOGF's erstwhile distributor and debtor, Pictorial Films, Inc., to pay LOGF's agents the sum owed while agreeing that Pictorial could exercise its contractual distribution rights for LOGF works and to purchase several of LOGF's films: The Four Musicians of Bremen , Jack

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696-651: A series was taken over by other filmmakers, not all filmmakers will be listed. Significant distributors of animated films: Margaret J. Winkler , Charles Mintz , Educational Pictures , Red Seal Pictures, Bijou Films Three films by Winsor McCay ( Little Nemo , Gertie the Dinosaur , The Sinking of the Lusitania ) were each inducted into the National Film Registry Dodge Charger The Dodge Charger

754-475: A turbocharged 2.2 L SOHC. Unlike in the Dodge Daytona, the turbo was available only with the manual transmission. A Shelby Charger was marketed starting in 1983, with a turbo version available in 1984 producing 142 hp (106 kW; 144 PS) @ 5600 rpm and 160 lb⋅ft (217 N⋅m) of torque @ 3200 rpm. The engine was not intercooled , and used a small t3 Garrett turbo. In 1985,

812-536: A two-piece intake manifold, larger injectors and throttle body, and Shelby-tuned ECM. After a twenty-year absence, Dodge reintroduced the Charger in 2005 for the 2006 model year as a Chrysler LX platform -based four-door sedan. Although the 1999 Charger concept car featured four doors, it shared little else with the 2006 production model. Initially, the Charger was available in SE, SXT, R/T, R/T with Road/Track Performance Group, Police, and Daytona R/T versions. A V6 engine

870-527: A very similar vehicle in 1965, the Rambler Marlin , which was positioned as a personal car , an emerging market niche. Demand for larger specialty cars was rapidly increasing. Mercury was successful in its execution when it introduced the upscale Cougar , a larger and more refined version of the Ford Mustang that pioneered the pony car concept when it was introduced in 1964. General Motors

928-584: Is a model of automobile marketed by Dodge in various forms over eight generations since 1966. The first Charger was a show car in 1964. A 1965 Charger II concept car resembled the 1966 production version. In the United States, the Charger nameplate has been used on mid-size cars , personal luxury coupes , subcompact hatchbacks , and full-size sedans . The 1966 Charger was an effort by Dodge to produce an upscale, upsized pony car . American Motors Corporation (AMC) had already introduced

986-530: The Alice's Wonderland film's receipts. Looking for a distributor for Alice's Wonderland on May 14, Disney wrote to Margaret Winkler , a New York film distributor. After finishing the raw edits of Alice's Wonderland , the studio filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in July 1923. Disney finally made some money by shooting a film of a 6-month-old girl named Kathalee Viley and selling his movie camera , earning enough for

1044-527: The Magnum to that segment. A Daytona model fourth-generation Charger featured stripes that ran along the length of the car. The Charger returned in 1981½ as a front-wheel drive subcompact hatchback coupe with a five-speed manual or three-speed automatic transmission. This economy-type model was similar to the Dodge Omni 024 , but slightly larger. The Charger was available with a 2.2 L SOHC engine or

1102-695: The cel technique. This involved animating moving objects on transparent celluloid sheets. Animators photographed the sheets over a stationary background image to generate the sequence of images. This, as well as Bray's innovative use of the assembly line method, allowed John Bray Studios to create Colonel Heeza Liar , the first animated series. Many aspiring cartoonists started their careers at Bray, including Walt Disney (later of Mickey Mouse fame), Paul Terry (later of Heckle and Jeckle fame), Max Fleischer (later of Betty Boop and Popeye fame), and Walter Lantz (later of Woody Woodpecker fame). The cartoon studio operated from circa 1914 until 1928. Some of

1160-508: The comic strip . Later, they were distributed along with newsreels . Early animation films, like their live-action silent cousins, would come with a musical score to be played by an organist or even an orchestra in larger theatres. Silent cartoons became almost entirely obsolete after 1928, when sound synchronized cartoons were introduced with the debut of Walt Disney 's Mickey Mouse in Steamboat Willie , thus ushering in

1218-493: The golden age of American animation . British-American filmmaker J. Stuart Blackton was possibly the first to use animation techniques in the US for film versions of his "lightning artist" routine. The Enchanted Drawing (1900) utilized the stop trick to make drawings appear to change magically. In Humorous Phases of Funny Faces (1906) he had blackboard drawings go through series of changes and used animated cutout drawings in

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1276-470: The 1960s and 1970s muscle car. These included a 6.4 L engine rated at 470 hp (350 kW; 477 PS) and had four-piston Brembo calipers, slotted rotors, paddle shifters, SRT launch features (such as 0-60 timing, Live G-Force readings, and ¼ and ⅛ mile drag timers), custom seat embroidery as well as other features. The 2014 Pursuit model no longer included chrome exhaust tip extensions, as they often scraped during maneuvers over medians. For 2015,

1334-403: The 426 cu in (7.0 L) Hemi V8. Positioned as a sports-type luxury model, sales of the 1966 and 1967 Chargers were low. The cars' front and rear overhang made the fastback design look tall, especially given its relatively narrow track dimensions (the distance between the centerline of two wheels on the same axle). Adapting a pony car-sized fastback roofline to intermediate-sized cars

1392-580: The Beast . Tommy Tucker's Tooth (1922) and Alice's Wonderland (1923) are also available on DVD, and Alice's Wonderland eventually became a bonus feature for the 60th Anniversary Blu-ray Edition of Alice in Wonderland . The original piece of filming and animation known as Newman Laugh-O-Grams (originally released theatrically on March 20, 1921) is available on some DVDs too. In accordance with United States copyright law, all 11 shorts produced by

1450-584: The Charger has the options to add racing stripes to differ from the Challenger. Users have the option of changing the color of the car, brake calipers, wheels, badges, exhaust tips, and an option of adding the SRT spoiler. In January 2022, Dodge announced that the Hemi V8 Charger (5.7L, 6.4L, and 6.2L) would be retired at the end of the 2023 model year. The Charger Daytona SRT Banshee is a coupe that

1508-490: The Charger received significant exterior styling updates. Most notably, the new front end featured new LED lights and a more aerodynamic nose that was less angled and featured a noticeable curve around the headlight housing. Suspensions, interiors, and brakes were also redesigned. The 2017 model had an upgrade to the 8.4-inch navigation/display system and was restyled due to issues with the previous system. Except for Charger Pursuit (through 2020), all models came standard with

1566-659: The Giant Killer , the Lafflets series, and Alice's Wonderland . The studio building fell to ruin and efforts were made to restore it by a non-profit group called "Thank You, Walt Disney". The Disney family promised $ 450,000 in matching funds for the rights to other Disney memorabilia and to tell the history of Walt Disney's life in Kansas City, a movie house to exhibit original and restored Laugh-O-Grams, and an education center for animation workshops. On July 30, 2021,

1624-513: The Street and Racing Technology team produced the "Jailbreak Edition", based on the 2020 Hellcat Redeye Widebody. SRT added ten extra horsepower from the stock Hellcat Redeye, which totals 807. The idea behind it was for the user to be able to customize the Charger through the factory as if there was a "Jailbreak". The interior offers different options for the floor mats, the color of the leather seats, logos, sound system, and headliner. The exterior of

1682-595: The United States during the silent era The silent age of American animation dates back to at least 1906 when Vitagraph released Humorous Phases of Funny Faces . Although early animations were rudimentary, they rapidly became more sophisticated with such classics as Gertie the Dinosaur in 1914, Felix the Cat , Oswald the Lucky Rabbit , and Koko the Clown . Originally a novelty, some early animated silents depicted magic acts or were strongly influenced by

1740-417: The cartoons, which were supposed to be shown at schools and other non-theatrical places, but only paid $ 100 in advance. The rest of the payment would have to wait until January 1, 1924, when all the shorts had been delivered. When Pictorial went bankrupt only a few months later, the studio never received the rest of the payment, its financial problems became even more serious, and the staff ended up leaving. When

1798-471: The championship that year. The Dukes of Hazzard television series made the second-generation Dodge Chargers familiar to the American public. The third generation Charger was introduced for the 1971 model year. Chrysler's B platform was modified to meet new emissions and safety regulations. Available in six different packages with cosmetic changes, including a split grill, semi-fastback rear window, and

Laugh-O-Gram Studio - Misplaced Pages Continue

1856-408: The characters while mainly using the dialog balloons to deliver the story. The most notable series was Krazy Kat , with an early anthropomorphic cartoon cat character. Before the studio stopped in 1918 it had employed some new talents, including Vernon Stallings , Ben Sharpsteen , Jack King , John Foster , Grim Natwick , Burt Gillett and Isadore Klein. The most popular cartoon series during

1914-482: The chassis and much of the two-door Coronet's front body with a fastback roofline following the pattern set by AMC's 1965 Marlin. Similar to the positioning of the Marlin, the Charger was a more substantial car focused on more mature buyers because " Pony cars , the implication ran, were for kids." The fastback styling was popular with Corvette and Mustang buyers. The Charger's interior featured four bucket seats with

1972-615: The drawing to his wife Lillian Marie Bounds and said he was going to call it "Mortimer Mouse". She replied that the name sounded "too pompous" and suggested Mickey Mouse instead. Of the original seven Laugh-O-Grams fairy tales, four were long known to have survived, and have been restored for DVD: Newman Laugh-O-Grams (1921), Little Red Riding Hood (1922), The Four Musicians of Bremen (1922), Puss in Boots (1922), and Cinderella (1922). These shorts later became available on Blu-ray Disc as bonus features for Disney's Beauty and

2030-795: The eight-speed automatic transmission. In December 2014, the AWD Charger Pursuit appeared, and the V8 R/T AWD model disappeared. Sales of the AWD Pursuit increased. For 2020, the Charger Hellcat comes standard with the "widebody" to accommodate an improved tire/suspension package. Dodge also added a new trim for 2020 called the SRT Hellcat Redeye. The Hellcat Redeye comes standard with the 797 hp (594 kW; 808 PS) V8 engine. The 2020 Charger Pursuit

2088-481: The electronics were updated allowing for an increase in boost pressure. Result; output was bumped up to 146 hp. In 1987 the intercooler-equipped 2.2L Turbo II engine was included with the Shelby-built Charger GLHS, these were the last 1000 L-body Chargers built and power was again bumped, this time to 175 hp and 175 lb.ft. of torque by way of the aforementioned intercooler as well as

2146-494: The entire trunk width. Driver visibility was improved by more than 15%, addressing complaints from previous years. The side and rear styling cues are reminiscent of the 1968 through 1970 models. Base performance was increased, with the 3.5 L 250 hp (186 kW; 253 PS) V6 engine replaced with a Pentastar 3.6 L producing 292 hp (218 kW; 296 PS) @ 6350 rpm and 260 pound force-feet (350 N⋅m) of torque @ 4800 rpm. The 4-speed automatic transmission

2204-703: The first cartoon stars from the Bray studios were Farmer Alfalfa (by Paul Terry) and Bobby Bumps (by Earl Hurd). In 1915, Max Fleischer applied for a patent for a technique that would become known as rotoscoping : the process of using live-action film recordings as a reference point to more easily create realistic animated movements. The technique was often used in the Out of the Inkwell series (1918-1929) for John Bray Productions (and others). The series resulted from experimental rotoscoped images of Dave Fleischer performing as

2262-448: The industrial norm and artists such as McCay faded from the public eye. The production of animated short films, typically referred to as "cartoons", became an industry of its own during the 1910s, and cartoon shorts were produced to be shown in movie theaters . Around 1913 Raoul Barré developed the peg system that made it easier to align drawings by perforating two holes below each drawing and placing them on two fixed pins. He also used

2320-593: The local Kansas City dentist Thomas B. McCrum, from the Deener Dental Institute, contacted Disney and offered him the job of producing a short subject about dental hygiene intended for the Missouri school system, he brought together some of his staff again and made Tommy Tucker's Tooth , which earned the studio $ 500. Instead of paying off his creditors, the money was invested in the live-action/animation demonstration film Alice's Wonderland , starring

2378-399: The production of the adaptation of the comic strip Mutt and Jeff (1916–1926). The studio employed several animators who would have notable careers in animation, including Frank Moser , Gregory La Cava , Vernon Stallings , and Pat Sullivan . In 1914, John Bray opened John Bray Studios , which revolutionized the way animation was created. Earl Hurd , one of Bray's employees patented

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2436-559: The same style for more fluent motion. It is regarded as the oldest known theatrically released animation on standard film (lithographed film loops for home use and Charles-Émile Reynaud 's Théâtre Optique films had already been popular in Europe for years). Following the successes of Blackton and of French animator Émile Cohl (whose Fantasmagorie (1908) is regarded as the first traditional animation on standard film), many other artists began experimenting with animation. One such artist

2494-618: The series were several pioneers of animation: Ub Iwerks , Hugh Harman , Friz Freleng , and Carman Maxwell . The company had financial problems and by the end of 1922, Disney was living in the office and taking baths once a week at Union Station . During the studio's sales manager Leslie Mace's stay in New York, where he was looking for distributors, he ended up signing a contract for six animated shorts with Pictorial Clubs, Inc. of Tennessee on Sunday, September 16, 1922. Pictorial agreed to pay US$ 11,000 (equivalent to $ 200,231 in 2023) for

2552-586: The silent era was Australian-American film producer Pat Sullivan 's Felix the Cat . Felix the Cat (Originally named Master Tom ) first appeared in Feline Follies (1919) and became hugely successful throughout the 1920s. The studio later came into trouble during the advent of sound cartoons in the early 1930s when the popularity of Walt Disney's Mickey Mouse was rising above Sullivan's Felix. Sullivan tried to adapt Felix by creating Felix sound cartoons, but they failed to please audiences and Sullivan closed

2610-629: The studio have entered into the public domain as of 2019. The missing fairy tale cartoons were Jack and the Beanstalk , Jack the Giant Killer , and Goldie Locks and the Three Bears (all 1922). In October 2010, copies of all three cartoons had been found according to animation historian David Gerstein . For many years the two Jack cartoons were believed to be one, until researcher John Kenworthy located old studio assets sheets confirming that they were separate shorts. Animation in

2668-512: The studio in 1930. He died three years later due to health problems related to alcoholism . Charles Bowers was a comedian and animator who made many bizarre films in the 1920s combining stop-motion animation and comedy. Many of them have been lost, but some have been released on DVD. Very incomplete list (most of the early films in general are lost, many were not documented, forgotten and/or insignificant). Listed filmmakers can be creators, directors, producers, animators or complete studios. If

2726-575: The two-door intermediate-size body style only as the Charger (although the Coronet two-door would reappear in 1975). The name Charger was also used in Brazil as a performance model based on the Dart (A-Body) (1971–80). The 1975 model year Charger continued as a B-body car and was restyled in an effort by Dodge to move the model into the growing personal luxury car market segment. In 1978, Dodge added

2784-483: The youthful Virginia Davis . Disney had noted how popular the Out of the Inkwell series from the Fleischer Studios was, which had animated characters interacting with the real world. By reversing this gimmick and using a real-life character in a cartoon universe instead, he hoped for a hit. Virginia Davis's contract with Laugh-O-Gram was signed by her parents on April 23, 1923, with terms giving her 5% of

2842-399: Was Winsor McCay , who created detailed animation with painstaking attention to detail. Each frame was drawn on paper; which invariably required backgrounds and characters to be redrawn and animated. Among McCay's most noted films are Little Nemo (1911), Gertie the Dinosaur (1914) and The Sinking of the Lusitania (1918). During the 1910s larger scale animation studios were becoming

2900-480: Was 20 years old, Laugh-O-Gram Films (LOGF) was incorporated by him using the remaining assets of the defunct Iwerks-Disney Commercial Artists from local investors. LOGF produced nine of the requested 12 films with little income. Encouraged and inspired by his shorts' popularity at the theatre, Disney decided he wanted to make his own animated versions of fairy tales too, and invested six months on his first attempt at Little Red Riding Hood . Among Disney's employees on

2958-402: Was a timid little guy. By tapping him on the nose with my pencil, I trained him to run inside a black circle I drew on my drawing board. When I left Kansas City to try my luck at Hollywood, I hated to leave him behind. So I carefully carried him to a backyard, making sure it was a nice neighborhood, and the tame little fellow scampered to freedom. In 1928 during a train trip to New York, he showed

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3016-538: Was available for the first time, as was all-wheel drive (AWD). All-wheel drive was first only available on the R/T package. However, from 2009 onwards, all-wheel drive was also an option for the SE and SXT versions. The basic SE model included a 2.7 L V6 engine and a four-speed automatic transmission. The 3.5 L V6 included an "AutoStick" manual shifting feature, 17-inch wheels, air conditioning, all-speed traction control, as well as ABS and electronic stability control,

3074-583: Was fielding specialty models across all its nameplates. The first generation Charger included high-trim and comfort features positioned as a luxurious fastback hardtop . It was aimed at the segment that included the Oldsmobile Toronado and Ford Thunderbird rather than as a muscle car . The Charger was introduced mid-1966 model year. Derived from the Chrysler B-body intermediate-sized Dodge Coronet , it shared major components like

3132-625: Was introduced as a concept in August 2022. Now in production Dodge will offer two models to begin with as 2024 model years, the Charger Daytona R/T and Dodge Charger Daytona Scat Pack, both as EV’s. Later will come the 4- door versions of the cars and an ICE version using the 3.0 litre Hurricane I-6. According to Dodge, the EV’s will go on sale in Q4 2024. On January 12, 2024, Dodge posted photos of

3190-507: Was not attractive "with pundits pointing to the similar fate of AMC's Marlin to support the theory." The Charger was redesigned for 1968, and 35,000 units were slated for production. The demand was high, and 96,100 Chargers were produced. Based on the Chrysler B platform , the 1968 through 1970 model years had cosmetic changes to the exterior and interior. These included going from twin round tail lights to broad horizontal units and adding

3248-805: Was only available in the RWD V6 and AWD V8 models. Beginning in 2021, the roles reversed, with the V6 Pursuit now equipped with AWD and the 850RE 8-spd auto. The V8 Pursuit was RWD with the 8HP70. In 2022, several police models were dropped, including the V8-RWD Charger Pursuit, the V6-AWD Durango Pursuit, and both Durango SSV models. That leaves police with the V6-AWD Charger and V8-AWD Durango Pursuit models, and 4×4 1500/2500/3500 Ram SSV models, through 2023. In 2022,

3306-651: Was replaced with the 5-speed A580 auto. The SRT-8 was not produced for the 2011 model year. The 2012 year featured a new eight-speed automatic transmission to the V6 model. The SRT-8 returned to the model lineup. AWD was also added to the V6, making AWD available on all but the SRT-8 model. For the 2012 through 2018 model years, the Super Bee platform (later called Scat Pack 15+) was available, using features seen in regular SRT-8 models with accessories and badges reminiscent of

3364-589: Was the focus of the Charger SRT8 equipped with a 6.1 L Hemi engine mated to a five-speed automatic, as well as conveniences such as an eight-way power front passenger seat, automatic climate control, unique grille and rear spoiler, body-color interior trim, special front fascia and engine cover, larger exhaust tips, performance steering gear, heated front seats with perforated suede inserts, power-adjustable pedals, and unique colors and exterior trim. An optional Road/Track package offered ten additional horsepower,

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