116-462: Lausanne Collegiate School ( / l ɑː z æ n / ; previously Lausanne School for Girls ) is an independent , coeducational college-placement school in Memphis, Tennessee . With grades for pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade , the school has a sizable international population, with foreign nationals comprising 1 ⁄ 3 of the student body, representing 68 different countries. With
232-522: A 98-year history beginning in 1926, the previously single-sex boarding school has become a co-educational day school with grades Pre-K – 12. An International Baccalaureate (IB) school since 2009, Lausanne adopted the program for all grades in 2018. In 2017 it partnered with Fujian 's Xiamen #1 School to open another fully-IB school in Xiamen , China . The international school has adopted contemporarily-new methods and attitudes throughout
348-579: A "benefactress whose name was almost synonymous with the school", had friends in Little Rock, Arkansas , who wanted their children enrolled at Lausanne. After putting up the girls in her attic, similar demand led the school to construct a dormitory . Lausanne's co-educational transition was also the heyday of its boarding program, whose numbers hovered around 100. The 1970s saw a decline in demand for boarding schools, and when Lausanne's number dropped, some dormitories were transformed into classrooms. By
464-663: A Japanese school and a German school. Chinese schools were being founded by the ethnic Chinese in Malaysia as early as the 19th century. They provide secondary education in the Chinese language as the continuation of the primary education in Chinese national-type primary schools. The main medium of instruction in these schools is Mandarin Chinese using simplified Chinese characters . Being private schools, Chinese independent high schools do not receive consistent funding from
580-412: A board of governors and have a system of governance that ensures their independent operation. Private schools retain the right to select their students and are funded in whole or in part by charging their students for tuition , rather than relying on taxation through public (government) funding; at some private schools students may be eligible for a scholarship, lowering this tuition fee, dependent on
696-709: A certain minimum education; Irish state subsidised fee-charging schools must still work towards the Junior Certificate and the Leaving Certificate , for example. The single fee-charging secondary school in Ireland which receives no state funding, the Nord Anglia International School Dublin , does not have to undergo the state supervision which all the other fee-charging schools undergo. Students there also sit
812-457: A certain percentage, and make it through an interview process. In 1992, annual tuition could run as high as $ 5,500 (equivalent to $ 11,942 in 2023). Stuart McCathie is the tenth headmaster of Lausanne, having taken the position in July 2005. An English native, McCathie has a bachelor's degree in education from Lancaster University and a master's degree in school administration from
928-413: A fee-charging school wishes to employ extra teachers they are paid for with school fees, which tend to be relatively low in Ireland compared to the rest of the world. Because state funding plays a fundamental role in the finances of all but one fee-charging school, they must undergo similar state inspection to non-fee-charging schools. This is due to the requirement that the state ensure that children receive
1044-412: A household in the county was $ 39,593, and the median income for a family was $ 47,386. Males had a median income of $ 36,932 versus $ 26,776 for females. The per capita income for the county was $ 20,856. About 12.90% of families and 16.00% of the population were below the poverty line , including 22.90% of those under age 18 and 13.30% of those age 65 or over. The first county government was established as
1160-403: A more accurate distinction is between fee-charging schools and non-fee-charging schools. This is because approximately 85% of all schools are private schools ( Irish : scoil phríobháideach ) by virtue of not being owned by the state. The Roman Catholic Church is the largest owner of schools in Ireland, with other religious institutions owning the remaining private schools. Nevertheless, despite
1276-450: A permanent trust fund that would address the needs of the private education sector in the country. In Portugal, private schools were traditionally set up by foreign expatriates and diplomats in order to cater for their educational needs. Portuguese-speaking private schools are widespread across Portugal's main cities. International private schools are mainly concentrated in and around Lisbon , Porto , Braga , Coimbra and Covilhã , across
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#17327918802741392-907: A public school refers to membership of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference , and this includes many independent grammar schools . The term 'public school' historically meant that the school was open to the public (as opposed to private tutors or the school being in private ownership). Many private schools actively compete with prestigious state schools (including state grammar schools and single sex schools ) in academic achievements. There are many old, world-renowned institutions in England that served as inspiration for most schools of their type abroad. These schools include Winchester College , Eton College , St Paul's School , Harrow School , Westminster School , and Rugby School . The Independent Schools Inspectorate regularly publishes reports on
1508-638: A quarterly court in 1820. During Reconstruction following the American Civil War , Governor William G. Brownlow appointed a five-member commission to govern the county. When the state drafted a new constitution in 1870, it required county officials to be elected by the people or the Quarterly Court. By 1910 the Shelby County Quarterly Court had 50 members, making it inefficient; some prominent people complained it
1624-469: A religious affiliation, the precise use of the term excludes parochial (and other) schools if there is a financial dependence upon, or governance subordinate to, outside organizations. These definitions generally apply equally to both primary and secondary education . In the United Kingdom and several other Commonwealth countries including Australia, Canada and New Zealand the use of the term
1740-511: A report by Geeta Gandhi Kingdon entitled: The Emptying of Public Schools and Growth of Private Schools in India , it is said that for sensible education-policy making, it is vital to take account of the various changing trends in the size of the private and public schooling sectors in India. Ignoring these trends involves the risk of poor policies/legislation, with adverse effects on children's education. A lot of criticism towards Iranian government
1856-447: A revenue of US$ 450 million in 2008, but is projected to be a US$ 40 billion market. Although there are private schools in India, they are highly regulated in terms of what they can teach, in what form they can operate (must be a non-profit to run any accredited educational institution) and all the other aspects of the operation. Hence, the differentiation between government schools and private schools can be misleading. However, in
1972-461: A science high school. The Fund for Assistance to Private Education (FAPE) is a perpetual trust fund for private education created by Executive Order № 156 s. 1968 and amended by Executive Order № 150 s. 1994. FAPE was created on November 5, 1968 by Executive Order No. 156, in implementation of the project agreement between the Philippine and United States governments to establish
2088-609: A specific area (which is unconstitutional). The Tennessee state legislature passed the law again, to include all of the state. All six suburbs voted again for the municipal districts and started classes on August 4, 2014. Public transportation is provided by the Memphis Area Transit Authority , also known as MATA for short. In addition to MATA buses , the MATA operates the MATA Trolley . The city also has
2204-512: A state school, e.g. they must teach the state curriculum, they must employ registered teachers, and they can not charge tuition fees (they can charge "attendance dues" for the upkeep on the still-private school land and buildings). The largest decline in private school numbers occurred between 1979 and 1984, when the nation's then-private Catholic school system integrated. As a result, private schools in New Zealand are now largely restricted to
2320-497: A student's talents or abilities (e.g., sports scholarship, art scholarship, academic scholarship), need for financial aid, or tax credit scholarships that might be available. Roughly one in 10 U.S. families have chosen to enroll their children in private school for the past century. Some private schools are associated with a particular religious denomination or religion , such as Roman Catholicism , various branches of Protestantism or Judaism . Although private schools may have
2436-659: Is The King’s School , founded in 1831. Catholic schools form the second-largest sector after government schools, with around 21% of secondary enrolments. Catholic schools, typically have a strong religious focus and usually most of the staff and students are Catholic. In 1999, 5.6% of Canadian students were enrolled in private schools, some of which are religious or faith-based schools, including Christian, Jewish, and Islamic schools. Some private schools in Canada are considered world-class, especially some boarding schools. Private schools have sometimes been controversial, with some in
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#17327918802742552-476: Is any for which the facilities and funding are not provided by the federal, state or local government, as opposed to a public school, which is operated by the government - or in the case of charter schools , independently with government funding and regulation. A majority of private schools in the United States are operated by religious institutions and organizations. In practice, the term "private school"
2668-412: Is because of large gap of University entrance Exam success between public and private school students, number private school growth has seen a 15% growth dominating Iranian education sector. there is a rise of "luxury" schools. Studying for one year term in private schools may cost 50 million as of July 2023. In Ireland, the internationally recognised definition of "private school" is misleading and
2784-477: Is commonly used to denote a non-sectarian school, whereas "church school", "Christian school", and (for Catholic institutions) "parochial school" are used to denote sectarian ones. Independent schools in the United States educate a tiny fraction of the school-age population (slightly over 1% of the entire school-age population). The essential distinction between independent schools and other private schools
2900-818: Is generally free, schools that offer instruction in languages other than the official languages of Finland (for example in English) may charge modest fees. There are also unlicensed private schools that do not follow any national curriculum and do not receive public funding. Certificates obtained from such institutions are not recognized as valid proof of education. In 2018, private schools accounted for 3% of basic education institutions and 9% of upper secondary education institutions. All Universities of Applied Sciences are either privately owned or municipality-owned companies or foundations. Some private Universities in Finland operate without legal mandate and are not overseen by
3016-737: Is generally restricted to primary and secondary educational levels, and it is almost never used of universities or other tertiary institutions. Private education in North America covers the whole gamut of educational activity, ranging from pre-school to tertiary level institutions. Annual tuition fees at K–12 schools range from nothing at so called 'tuition-free' schools to more than $ 45,000 at several New England University-preparatory schools . The secondary level includes university-preparatory schools, boarding schools , and day schools . Tuition at private secondary schools varies from school to school and depends on many factors, including
3132-479: Is on a sliding scale and still has a "capacity to pay" element; however, on average, funding granted to the private school sector is 40 percent of that required to operate government schools, the remainder being made up by tuition fees and donations from parents. The majority of the funding comes from the Commonwealth Government, while the state and territory governments provide about one-third of
3248-695: Is one of only two remaining counties in Tennessee with a majority African American population, along with Haywood County . Shelby County is part of the Memphis, TN– MS – AR Metropolitan Statistical Area . It is bordered on the west by the Mississippi River . Located within the Mississippi Delta , the county was developed as a center of cotton plantations in the antebellum era, and cotton continued as an important commodity crop well into
3364-564: Is self-governance and financial independence. In contrast, public schools are funded and governed by local and state governments, and most parochial schools are owned, governed, and financed by religious institutions such as a diocese or parish. Independent schools may be affiliated with a particular religion or denomination; however, unlike parochial schools, independent schools are self-owned and governed by independent boards of trustees. While independent schools are not subject to significant government oversight or regulation, they are accredited by
3480-491: Is the unique characteristic of this segment of the education industry, offering schools four freedoms that contribute to their success: the freedom to define their own unique missions; the freedom to admit and keep only those students well-matched to the mission; the freedom to define the qualifications for high quality teachers; and the freedom to determine on their own what to teach and how to assess student achievement and progress. Shelby County, Tennessee Shelby County
3596-470: Is the westernmost county in the U.S. state of Tennessee . As of the 2020 census , the population was 929,744. It is the largest of the state's 95 counties , both in terms of population and geographic area. Its county seat is Memphis , a port on the Mississippi River and the second most populous city in the state. The county was named for Governor Isaac Shelby (1750–1826) of Kentucky. It
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3712-617: Is their decision whether to engage tutors". Some of the oldest schools in South Africa are private church schools that were established by missionaries in the early nineteenth century. The private sector has grown ever since. After the abolition of apartheid, the laws governing private education in South Africa changed significantly. The South African Schools Act of 1996 recognizes two categories of schools: "public" (state-controlled) and "independent" (which includes traditional private schools and schools which are privately governed). In
3828-530: The Shin Min Daily News estimated that there were around 540 tuition centres offering private tuition in Singapore. Due to their high demand, tuition centres are able to charge high fees for their services; they have an annual turnover of SGD$ 110.6 million in 2005. The official government stance on private tuition is that "it understands parents want the best for their children and that it
3944-580: The Confucius Institute . According to Lausanne headmaster Stuart McCathie, "[Xiamen #1 School] were looking for a school that had an international population, an enviable college placement record, the IB program and that was located in the U.S. And through that metric they found us". Facing a maximized enrollment, and looking for additional revenue streams, Lausanne agreed to the partnership. Announced by Lausanne chairwoman Noma Anderson in 2016,
4060-601: The International Baccalaureate rather than the Irish Leaving Certificate which every other Irish secondary school student sits. In exchange, however, Nord Anglia students pay some €25,000 per annum in fees, compared to c. €4,000 – €8,000 per annum fees by students in all other fee-charging Irish schools. Many fee-charging schools in Ireland also double as boarding schools. The fees for these may then rise up to €25,000 per year. All
4176-706: The International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme (IBDP), a curriculum where, instead of focusing on students regurgitating correct answers, "the teacher's role is about helping the students come up with the right question". Compared with college-level work, Lausanne's admissions director—Laura Trott—said that the IBDP is "not about just one class or checking off one box [...] It's really understanding that all those strong reading and writing skills tie in with all those mathematical skills and critical-thinking skills." Starting
4292-727: The Scottish Council of Independent Schools (SCIS). All schools are still inspected by the state inspectorate, Education Scotland , and the Care Inspectorate . Independent schools in Scotland that are charities are subject to a specific test from the Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator , designed to demonstrate the public benefit the schools provide. In the United States, a private school
4408-639: The Shelby County School Board . This system was changed to comply with interpretation by the state that its constitution required that county officials, including school board members, should be elected by all residents of the county, and provisions of the state Education Improvement Act. In 1996 under what was known as Plan C, the Shelby County Commission established seven single-member special election districts for election of county school board members by all residents of
4524-506: The University of Memphis . Cordova is home to Mid-America Baptist Theological Seminary . Germantown is home to a satellite campus of Union University . Shelby County Schools (SCS) is a school district serving all of Memphis and most unincorporated areas. Suburban school districts: Shelby County Schools was previously a school district that operated almost all public schools in non-Memphis areas of Shelby County, Tennessee, until
4640-627: The University of North Carolina at Wilmington . As of April 2016, McCathie was the fifth-highest-paid private school administrator in Memphis, Tennessee with a salary of $ 326,606 (equivalent to $ 414,643 in 2023), according to the Memphis Business Journal . As of April 2008, Barry Gilmore taught English and international studies . A published author with Heinemann , Gilmore has written on engaging students in discussing English literature ( How to Get Students Discussing Books—And Much More , January 2006), which
4756-505: The academic year to allow for a school assembly with cast and crew; the film's producer agreed to meet with students and bring a cast member with him. Independent school A private school is a school not administered or funded by the government , unlike a public school . Private schools (also known as 'independent schools') are schools that are not dependent upon national or local government to finance their financial endowment . Unless privately owned they typically have
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4872-499: The census of 2000, there were 897,472 people, 338,366 households, and 228,735 families living in the county. The population density was 1,189 inhabitants per square mile (459/km ). There were 362,954 housing units at an average density of 481 per square mile (186/km ). The racial makeup of the county was 48.56% Black , or African American , 47.34% White , 0.20% Native American , 1.64% Asian , 0.04% Pacific Islander , 1.20% from other races , and 1.02% from two or more races. 2.60% of
4988-605: The (first) Gonski Report , the funding formula was changed to compute individual school funding compared to a School Resourcing Standard (SRS). The SRS uses exam results from the National Assessment Program – Literacy and Numeracy tests, calculates the SRS from a cohort of well-performing schools, and applies this formula to other schools on the assumption that they should be able to achieve similar results from similar funding. The funding provided to private schools
5104-428: The 1960s. In 2008, Lausanne was a recipient of an American Academy of Dermatology grant for the construction of " shade structures" to protect students from damaging ultraviolet radiation. When planning to replace an existing playground for its lower school students (pre-kindergarten through fourth grade ) in the campus' front, Lausanne desired not only a globally-themed installation, but also an enhancement to
5220-532: The 1990–91 academic year, Lausanne had 285 students and only 18 boarders—four of whom were from East Asia ; in early 1992, it was the only girls' boarding program in Shelby County, Tennessee . Six months later, with only eight boarders, Lausanne ended its history of boarding; four seniors were diverted to private homes for their last year of school. Though it was estimated that 18 boarders would be financially sufficient to re-board students, Headmaster Elder
5336-651: The 1992–93 academic year . By July 29, 16 boys had already applied for the new team. The team won their seasons in 2013 and 2014, and made their inaugural visit to the playoffs in 2015, losing to state champ St. George's Independent School "in the Division 2-A quarterfinals to finish 8-4." In 2016, Lausanne had three players being scouted by the United States Military Academy and Naval Academy . Lausanne's Memphis campus has 30 acres (12 ha) of land, and its first buildings were built in
5452-423: The 2012–13 academic year , middle school students aged 10–14 were offered the opportunity to meditate during their 10–15 minute recess break . Middle school head teacher Greg Graber started the program—called "mental recess"—to help students relieve stress , perform better on standardized tests , and disconnect from their mobile computing devices. Prospective students must take an exam and score within
5568-456: The 20th century. The economy has become more diversified. This area along the Mississippi River valley was long occupied by varying cultures of indigenous peoples. In historic times, the Chickasaw controlled much of this area. They are believed to be descendants of the important Mississippian culture , which established fortified and complex cities. The largest of these was Cahokia , which
5684-726: The Catholic schismatic group , the Society of St Pius X in Wanganui operates three private schools (including the secondary school, St Dominic's College ). A recent group of private schools run as a business has been formed by Academic Colleges Group ; with schools throughout Auckland, including ACG Senior College in Auckland's CBD, ACG Parnell College in Parnell , and international school ACG New Zealand International College . In
5800-532: The Commonwealth amount. The Turnbull government commissioned Gonski in 2017 to chair the independent Review to Achieve Educational Excellence in Australian Schools, commonly called Gonski 2.0. The government published the report on 30 April 2018. Following negotiation, bilateral agreements between the Commonwealth of Australia with each state and territory commenced on 1 January 2019, with
5916-573: The Fourteenth Amendment of the US Constitution, as their vote would be diluted. Although Memphis City had its own school system, the Memphis population made up 74.8% of the county's population in the 1990 census, so its representatives would dominate an elected county school board, with six of seven positions. Thus Memphis representatives would dominate a system intended to serve only county residents and students who lived outside
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#17327918802746032-625: The IODC after its opening, expecting the space to last at least 20 years. The playground replaced by the IODC was reinstalled at Promise Academy . After an "extensive search across the U.S." for schools using the IB Diploma Programme (IBDP), Fujian 's Xiamen #1 School approached Lausanne in September 2014 about partnering to open another IBDP school in Xiamen , China . The partnership was facilitated by Lausanne's relationship with
6148-605: The International Outdoor Discovery Center (IODC) has 14 different structures representing international locales laid out on a surface designed after a Rand McNally world map . Lausanne told the Memphis Business Journal that "the playground structures provide 61 individual play events with 95 themed custom elements, 70 of which are unique to the site at Lausanne". Director of operations at Lausanne, Stewart Crais, praised
6264-545: The Malaysian government, although they did receive some funding from some state governments as well as in the 2019 and 2020 budgets under the Pakatan Harapan government. However, in accordance with their aim of providing affordable education to all in the Chinese language, their school fees are substantially lower than those of most other private schools. The schools are kept alive almost exclusively by donations from
6380-625: The Ministry of Education and Culture. Graduates from these universities must undergo the same verification process as those holding foreign degrees. The right to create private schools in Germany is in Article 7, Paragraph 4 of the Grundgesetz and cannot be suspended even in a state of emergency . It is also not possible to abolish these rights. This unusual protection of private schools
6496-515: The Mississippi Delta, closest to the Mississippi River, were developed before the war for large cotton plantations; their laborers were overwhelmingly enslaved African Americans, whom planters transported from the east or purchased in the domestic slave trade . Well before the American Civil War , the population of the county was majority black, most of whom were slaves. Memphis developed as a major cotton market, with many brokers. After
6612-612: The Philippines, the private sector has been a major provider of educational services. Private schools are generally free to determine their curriculum in accordance with existing laws and regulations. Science high schools are special schools for the more intellectually promising students to foster the problem-solving approach of critical thinking. As separate high schools, they have specific characteristics not found in regular high schools. However, any private or public high school can aspire to meet these minimum standards and be considered
6728-665: The Portuguese region of Algarve , and in the autonomous region of Madeira . The Ministério da Educação acts as the supervisory and regulatory body for all schools, including international schools. In Singapore, after Primary School Leaving Examination (PSLE), students can choose to enter a private high school. Private tuition is a lucrative industry in Singapore, since many parents send their children for private tuition after school. A straw poll by The Straits Times newspaper in 2008 found that out of 100 students interviewed, only 3 students did not have any form of tuition. In 2010,
6844-559: The Quarterly Court. These have been redistricted as needed based on decennial census population changes. In 1975, the people voted to ratify the Shelby County Restructure Act, creating a single elected executive, with the title of mayor, and an eleven-member legislative body (now called the County Commission). The commission has been expanded to thirteen members. The mayor is elected at-large and all
6960-476: The Unified System and formed their own municipal districts. Their residents had previously voted in favor of creating municipal school districts, and all voted to pass the related sales tax hike except for Millington, which narrowly rejected the sales tax hike by three votes. On November 27, 2012, U.S. district court Judge Samuel Mays voided this vote since the state law passed at the time applied only to
7076-565: The adoption of the Right to Education (RTE) Act 2009, private schools were required to be 'government-recognised'. A private school would be eligible for government recognition when it met certain conditions. At the primary and secondary level, India has a large private school system complementing the government run schools, with 29% of students receiving private education in the 6 to 14 age group. Certain post-secondary technical schools are also private. The private education market in India had
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#17327918802747192-489: The city of Memphis. According to the U.S. Census Bureau , the county has a total area of 785 square miles (2,030 km ), of which 763 square miles (1,980 km ) is land and 22 square miles (57 km ) (2.8%) is water. It is the largest county in Tennessee by area. The lowest point in the state of Tennessee is located on the Mississippi River in Shelby County (just outside the Memphis city limits), where
7308-570: The city. The US district court found in this case: As a result, the County Commissioners established seven single-member special election districts in the county outside the limits of Memphis, for the purpose of electing school board members to the Shelby County School Board. Shelby County's first elected mayor was Roy Nixon, who served from 1976 to 1978. The current Shelby County mayor is Lee Harris , who
7424-431: The county commissioners are elected from 13 districts. The members of the county commission serve four-year terms. Other elected officials in Shelby County include the sheriff , the chief law enforcement officer; trustee, chief tax collector, and assessor, the chief property appraiser. The government has an annual budget of $ 1.1 billion and 6,000 employees. Until 1996, the Shelby County Commission appointed members to
7540-474: The county. This was challenged in the case known as Board of County Commissioners of Shelby County Tennessee v. Burson . Shelby County and its Board of Commissioners as plaintiffs, joined by mayors of the six suburban municipalities, filed suit in 1996 against Plan C, arguing that their rights were violated under the "one person, one vote" principle embodied in the Equal Protection Clause of
7656-817: The eastern suburbs are some of the most Republican areas in Tennessee and the South. In 2020 , Joe Biden received 64.42% of the vote, which has been the highest share for a Democrat since 1944 . Shelby County is home to fourteen institutions of higher learning and satellite campuses of institutions whose main campus is in another county. Memphis is home to Baptist College of Health Sciences , Christian Brothers University , Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University, Worldwide (Memphis Campus), Harding School of Theology , LeMoyne–Owen College , Memphis College of Art , Memphis Theological Seminary , Rhodes College , Southern College of Optometry , Southwest Tennessee Community College , University of Tennessee Health Science Center , and
7772-650: The education system has always been separate from the rest of Great Britain , the term 'public school' was used historically to refer to state schools for the general public. According to The Good Schools Guide about 7% of children being educated in the United Kingdom are at fee-charging schools at GCSE level and 13% at A-level. Some independent schools are single-sex, although this is becoming less common. In 2011, fees range from under £3,000 to £21,000 and above per year for day pupils, rising to over £27,000 per year for boarders. Costs differ in Scotland. One in four independently educated children come from postcodes with
7888-526: The end of the 2012–2013 school year; almost all areas in Shelby County that were outside the city of Memphis were zoned to schools operated by SCS. Schools in Memphis were operated by Memphis City Schools . On June 30, 2013, Memphis city and Shelby County schools consolidated, forming a unified county school system (still called Shelby County Schools), this lasted one year. In 2014, the incorporated suburbs of Arlington, Bartlett, Collierville, Germantown, Lakeland, and Millington (other than Memphis) broke away from
8004-401: The entire student population. Private school numbers have been in decline since the mid-1970s as a result of many private schools opting to become state-integrated schools , mostly due to financial difficulties stemming from changes in student numbers or the economy. State-integrated schools keep their private school special character and receives state funds in return for having to operate like
8120-449: The exception of Victoria, whose bilateral agreement commenced on 1 February 2019. The funding agreements provide states with funding for government schools (20 percent) and non-government schools (80 percent) taking into consideration annual changes in enrolment numbers, indexation and student or school characteristics. A National School Resourcing Board was charged with the responsibility of independently reviewing each state's compliance with
8236-572: The executive commission of the county was abolished. In 1964, the US Supreme Court ruled in Baker v. Carr that legislative districts had to be apportioned by population under the Equal Protection Clause , a principle known as one man, one vote . This change was incorporated in Shelby County, which had been biased toward geographic representation. In 1965, there were nine districts established, of roughly equal population, to elect members to
8352-473: The expense of enrolments in government schools, which have seen their enrolment share reduce from 78.1 percent to 65 percent since 1970, although the rate of growth of private schools has slowed in the later years. Australian private schools differ from those in other OECD nations as the Australian Government provides funding to all schools including private schools. In 2013, after release of
8468-528: The final years of the apartheid era, parents at white government schools were given the option to convert to a "semi-private" form called Model C , and many of these schools changed their admissions policies to accept children classified to be of other races. These schools tend to produce better academic results than government schools formerly reserved for other "race groups". Former "Model C" schools are state-controlled, not private. All schools in South Africa (including both independent and public schools) have
8584-559: The former governor of Kentucky who had helped negotiate the land acquisition. From 1827 to 1868, the county seat was located in then called Raleigh, Tennessee (now part of Memphis), on the Wolf River . After the American Civil War, in recognition of the growth of Memphis and its importance to the state economy, the seat was moved there. (Raleigh has now been absorbed within the city limits of Memphis.) The lowlands in
8700-760: The funding agreement(s). Private school fees can vary from under $ 100 per month to $ 2,000 and upwards, depending on the student's year level, the school's size, and the socio-economics of the school community. In late 2018 it was reported the most expensive private schools (such as AAGPS and CAS schools in New South Wales , GPS and QGSSSA schools in Queensland , AGSV and APS schools in Victoria ) charge fees of up to $ 500,000 for thirteen years of education. The oldest private school in Australia
8816-495: The government, it can be an aided or an unaided school. Demand for private schools has been growing over the years. While a consensus over what is the most significant driver of this growth in private schooling has not yet emerged, some authors have attributed this to a higher demand for English-medium education, a dissatisfaction with the quality of public schools, greater affordability of private schools, and non-availability of preferred field of study in government schools. After
8932-418: The highest number of any county in the state. Most blacks were disenfranchised around the turn of the century when the state passed laws raising barriers to voter registration; the legislature also imposed Jim Crow laws, including racial segregation of public facilities. Blacks were mostly closed out of the political system for more than six decades. In the 20th century, mechanization of agriculture reduced
9048-1362: The largest cities (Auckland, Hamilton, Wellington and Christchurch) and niche markets. Private schools are almost fully funded by tuition fees paid by students' parents, but they do receive some government subsidies. Private schools are popular for academic and sporting performance, prestige, exclusivity and old boys/girls networks; however, many state-integrated schools and some prestigious single-sex state schools, such as Auckland Grammar School and Wellington College , are actively competitive with private schools in academic and sporting achievement, history and character. Private schools are often Anglican, such as King's College and Diocesan School for Girls in Auckland, St Paul's Collegiate School in Hamilton, St Peter's School in Cambridge , Samuel Marsden Collegiate School in Wellington, and Christ's College and St Margaret's College in Christchurch; or Presbyterian, such as Saint Kentigern College and St Cuthbert's College in Auckland, Scots College and Queen Margaret College in Wellington, and St Andrew's College and Rangi Ruru Girls' School in Christchurch. However,
9164-575: The learning of disabled children. In Australia, private schools are mostly operated by an independently elected school council or board of governors and range broadly in the type of school-education provided and the socio-economics of the school community served. Most private schools are run by religious institutes while others have no religious affiliation and are driven by a national philosophy (such as international schools ), pedogogical philosophy (such as Waldorf-Steiner schools ), or specific needs (such as special schools ). Australia has one of
9280-524: The media and in Ontario's Provincial Ministry of Education asserting that students may buy inflated grades from private schools. In Finland, education takes place in state-run, municipality-run, and private schools. To qualify for public funding, all schools must receive a license from the Ministry of Education and Culture and align with the national curriculum and educational standards. While education
9396-570: The most privatised education systems in the world with 30 per cent of primary students and more than 40 per cent of secondary students attending private schools. In contrast the OECD average is 18 per cent. Catholic schools make up a sizeable proportion of total enrolment (nearly 15%) and are usually regarded as a school sector of their own within the broad category of private schools, often charging lower fees than Protestant private schools. Enrolment in non-government schools have been growing steadily at
9512-429: The name of educational quality, most comply with regulations relating to the educational content of classes. Religious private schools often add religious instruction to the courses provided by local public schools. Special assistance schools aim to improve the lives of their students by providing services tailored to the particular needs of individual students. Such schools include tutoring schools and schools to assist
9628-433: The national average income or below, and one in three receive assistance with school fees. Evidence from a major longitudinal study suggests that British independent schools provide advantages in educational attainment and access to top universities. In England and Wales, the more prestigious independent schools are known as ' public schools ', sometimes subdivided into major and minor public schools. A modern definition of
9744-464: The need for farm workers at a time when industries and railroads in the North were recruiting workers. The Great Migration resulted in many African Americans moving from rural areas into Memphis or out of state to northern cities for work and social and political opportunities. After World War II, highways were constructed that led to development of much new housing on the outskirts of Memphis where land
9860-498: The new "Xiamen #1 Lausanne International School" had a construction budget of US$ 50 million (equivalent to about $ 63.5M in 2023), was scheduled to open in August 2017, and was expected to eventually support 1200 students. Once open, the new international school would offer teacher and student exchange programs between the Memphis and Fujian institutions, as well as five- and seven-day boarding . In 2022, Niche ranked Lausanne
9976-609: The opportunity to choose the school they prefer. For instance, the biggest school chain, Kunskapsskolan ("The Knowledge School"), offers 30 schools and a web-based environment, has 700 employees and teaches nearly 10,000 pupils. Private schools are also known as independent schools, because of their freedom to operate outside government and local government control. Elite institutions for older pupils, which charge high fees, are typically described as public schools . Preparatory schools in England and Wales prepare pupils up to 13 years old to enter public schools. In Scotland, where
10092-445: The pediment groups, Canon Law , Roman Law , Statutory Law , Civil Law and Criminal Law . Female allegorical figures can be found on the north facade cornice representing Integrity, Courage, Mercy, Temperance, Prudence and Learning. Flanking the main entrances are over-life-sized seated figures embodying Wisdom, Justice, Liberty, Authority, Peace and Prosperity. It is by far the state's largest courthouse. The courthouse
10208-443: The population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 338,366 households, out of which 34.20% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.80% were married couples living together, 20.10% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.40% were non-families. 27.00% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.70% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size
10324-589: The public. In the Netherlands over two-thirds of state-funded schools operate autonomously, with many of these schools being linked to faith groups. The Programme for International Student Assessment , coordinated by the OECD , ranks the education in the Netherlands as the 9th best in the world as of 2008, being significantly higher than the OECD average. As of April 2014, there were 88 private schools in New Zealand, catering for around 28,000 students or 3.7% of
10440-442: The quality of education in all independent schools. In Scotland, schools not state -funded are known as independent or private schools. Independent schools may also be specialist or special schools – such as some music schools, Steiner Waldorf Education schools, or special education schools. Scottish independent schools currently educate over 31,000 students and employ approximately 3,500 teachers. Schools are represented by
10556-437: The right to set compulsory school fees, and formerly model C schools tend to set much higher school fees than other public schools. In Sweden, pupils are free to choose a private school and the private school gets paid the same amount as municipal schools. Over 10% of Swedish pupils were enrolled in private schools in 2008. Sweden is internationally known for this innovative school voucher model that provides Swedish pupils with
10672-481: The river flows out of Tennessee and into Mississippi . As of the 2020 United States census , there were 929,744 people, 353,950 households, and 215,446 families residing in the county. As of the 2010 United States Census , there were 927,644 people living in the county. 52.1% were Black or African American , 40.6% White , 2.3% Asian , 0.2% Native American , 3.3% of some other race and 1.4 of two or more races . 5.6% were Hispanic or Latino (of any race). As of
10788-404: The same six regional accreditation agencies that accredit public schools . The National Association of Independent Schools (NAIS) is a membership organization of American pre-college independent schools. The NAIS provides this definition of an independent school: Independent schools are 501(c)(3) nonprofit corporate entities, independent in governance and finance, meaning: Independence
10904-573: The school's curb appeal . Lausanne contracted with Landscape Structures after that company best-translated Lausanne's themes into a real-world proposal. The final design was partly the contribution of the Lausanne graduating-class of 2024. Groundbreaking happened in early summer 2015, and was finished by that August. Featuring replicas of Big Ben , the Eiffel Tower , and the Taj Mahal ,
11020-470: The school's location, the willingness of parents to pay, peer tuitions, and the school's financial endowment . Some private schools are boarding schools, and many military academies are privately owned or operated as well. Religiously affiliated and denominational schools form a subcategory of private schools. Some such schools teach religious education , together with the usual academic subjects, to impress their particular faith's beliefs and traditions in
11136-487: The staff), and needed to only contract with similarly inclusive vendors. Lausanne's National Science Bowl team won state in 2015, and came in second to Knoxville, Tennessee 's Cedar Springs Homeschool in 2016. As of 1992, Lausanne fielded boys' athletic teams in basketball , golf , track and field , and tennis . The school also had several girls' teams. Capitalizing on its still-increasing numbers of male students, Lausanne started its American football program with
11252-406: The state-subsidised fee-charging schools are run by a religious order, e.g., the Society of Jesus or Congregation of Christian Brothers , etc. The major private schools being Blackrock College , Clongowes Wood College , Castleknock College , Belvedere College , Gonzaga College and Terenure College . There are also a few fee-charging international schools in Ireland, including a French school,
11368-641: The students who attend. Others use the denomination as a general label to describe what the founders based their belief, while still maintaining a fine distinction between academics and religion. They include parochial schools , a term which is often used to denote Roman Catholic schools. Other religious groups represented in the K–12 private education sector include Protestants, Jews, Muslims, and Orthodox Christians. Many educational alternatives , such as private schools or online schools , are privately financed. Private schools often avoid some state regulations, although in
11484-413: The theater. He just has it all." Elder's first year at Lausanne saw 64% increased enrollment. A private school in Memphis, Tennessee , as of 2016 Lausanne was the number one college placement school in Shelby County, Tennessee . Lausanne has been an International Baccalaureate school since December 7, 2009. Beginning in 2018, all Lausanne students from pre-kindergarten up began participating in
11600-556: The third-best private high school in Tennessee. In October 2023, it moved to first place. Nationally, it ranked 248th. Several scenes of 1993's The Firm were filmed at Lausanne, which stood in for the private school at which character Abby McDeere teaches. Production crews fenced-off the school's playground prior to Christmas 1992, and semi-trailer trucks began arriving at West Massey Road on January 5. Actors Jeanne Tripplehorn and Gene Hackman were on-campus for shooting. Headmaster Elder asked for filming to take place during
11716-401: The top spot at Lausanne. Elder expressed interest in broadening awareness of Lausanne, shedding its "school for girls" image, and increasing enrollment. The Lausanne board of directors expressed excitement about Elder's experience (headmastering four previous schools), "his fund-raising ability, which is always a consideration for a private school; his attitude; his interest in athletics and
11832-486: The twenty-first century, the county has become reliably Democratic, due mainly to the influence of Memphis and being majority African American. Barack Obama twice won the county with more than 60 percent of the vote. In 2024 , the county was carried by the Democratic nominee Kamala Harris , who won 61.8 percent of the vote to Donald Trump 's 36.4 percent. Democratic strength is concentrated in Memphis itself, while
11948-471: The vast majority of schools being under the ownership of private institutions, a large majority of all their costs, including teachers' salaries, are paid for by the Irish state. Of these private schools, only a very small minority actually charge fees. In 2007, 'The number of schools permitted to charge fees represents 7.6% of the 723 post primary level schools and they cater for 7.1% of the total enrolment.' If
12064-594: The war and emancipation, many freedmen stayed on these lands by working as sharecroppers . Tennessee continued to have competitive politics after the freedmen were enfranchised. The eastern part of the state retained its Unionist leanings and supported the Republican Party. Blacks in the west also supported the Republican Party. Most conservative whites supported the Democrats. From 1877 to 1950, there were 20 lynchings of blacks by whites in Shelby County,
12180-483: The widespread Black Lives Matter movement, concerns about inequity, and the 2020–21 United States racial unrest , Lausanne formed a task force with the purpose of creating an inclusive environment at the school. Lausanne, whose "student population was nearly 50% people of color — and among the highest percentages for a Memphis independent school", was spurred by alumni who felt the school wasn't doing enough to hire non-whites (who by February 2021 only amounted to 11% of
12296-490: The years. The current campus has specially-designed playground equipment, supports several academic and athletic teams, and was a filming location for 1993's The Firm . Originally a single-sex school , the Lausanne School for Girls first opened its doors in 1926. At its outset, the school was jointly managed by Emma DeSaussure Jett, Sophia Alexander Gardner, Bessie Statler, and Florence Goyer Taylor. The school
12412-452: Was "too democratic." E. H. Crump , the political boss of Memphis who was also influential in the county and state, gained a 1911 legislative act creating a three-member executive commission for the Shelby County Commission, which could override the court on all issues except setting property taxes, which was protected by the state constitution. He also had the number of districts reduced to nineteen and then seven. After Crump's death in 1954,
12528-400: Was 2.60 and the average family size was 3.18. In the county, the population was spread out, with 28.20% under the age of 18, 9.70% from 18 to 24, 31.10% from 25 to 44, 21.00% from 45 to 64, and 10.00% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females there were 91.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.80 males. The median income for
12644-579: Was active from about 950CE into the 15th century. It was developed on the east side of the Mississippi in present-day southern Illinois, roughly on the same latitude as present-day St. Louis, Missouri. The Shelby County area was part of the lands acquired by the United States government from the Chickasaw as part of the Jackson Purchase of 1818 . Shelby County was established by European-American migrants in 1819 and named for Isaac Shelby ,
12760-407: Was cheap. Suburbanization, with retail businesses following new residents, took place in the county, drawing population out of the city. With continued residential and suburban development, the population of the metropolitan area became majority white. Six towns in the county have become incorporated; other communities are unincorporated. Residents enjoy many parks in the area as well as attractions in
12876-564: Was doubtful of the program's odds for resurrection. † = interim In July 1991, Lausanne headmaster Logan Malone resigned his position to join the Mid-South Foundation for Medical Care . For the 1991–92 academic year, board member Toni Watson served in Malone's stead while a full-time headmaster was headhunted . On July 1, 1992, New Orleans native George B. Elder (born 1946 or 1947) took
12992-509: Was elected in 2018 after having served as the minority leader of the Tennessee Senate . Notes : The Shelby County Courthouse, in Memphis on Adams Avenue between North 2nd and North 3rd streets, was designed by James Gamble Rogers and completed in 1909. This neoclassical pile features a long portico topped by a cornice supported by massive Ionic columns . The ambitious sculptural program designed by J. Massey Rhind includes
13108-539: Was favorably-reviewed by the Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy . For the 2021–2022 academic year , Lausanne had 875 students enrolled (280 in the lower school, 230 in the middle school, and 365 in the upper school). Discounting parents, Lausanne students are from 68 different nations: In summer 2006, Lausane developed its own house system for middle-schoolers ; the sub-units were named Cottingham, Lendenwood, Massey, and Monmouth. In 2020, arising from
13224-759: Was featured in the movie The Silence of the Lambs as the place where Dr. Hannibal Lecter was held and escapes custody. The courthouse is included in the Adams Avenue Historic District , listed on the National Register of Historic Places. During the mid-to-late twentieth century, Shelby County was competitive, voting for the Democratic candidate six times and the Republican candidate five times between 1952 and 1992. In
13340-401: Was first located at 1649 Central Avenue, in a home previously called the "Cary House"; The Commercial Appeal called the building especially suited to schooling with the possibility of expanding it in the future. Lausanne began accepting both sexes of students for the 1966–67 academic year . Lausanne credited a Mrs. L. K. Thompson for the school's history of boarding students. Thompson,
13456-477: Was implemented to protect these schools from a second Gleichschaltung or similar event in the future. In Italy education is predominantly public; about one-fifth of schools are private, attended by about one out of 10 Italian schoolchildren. The Italian constitution states that education is to be public, free, and compulsory for at least eight years. In India, private schools are called independent schools, but since some private schools receive financial aid from
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