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43-622: The former Lauwerszee and the present-day Lauwersmeer are both named after the river, which as a small stream has its source southeast of the village of Surhuisterveen . Near Gerkesklooster / Stroobos , it crosses the Prinsesmargrietkanaal / van Starkenborghkanaal . The Lauwers achieves the width of a true river at the place that it gains its tributary, the Oude Vaart , near the Schalkendam . Further along its course,

86-541: A cemetery and other communal institutions. Land for 'The Jodenkerkhof' (Jews' cemetery) was purchased in 1679, near the Oldehove tower. The first synagogue in the city was built in the 17th century, and was also used by the city's Catholics who were not allowed to build a house of worship of their own because of the Protestant city authorities. The Jewish community enjoyed generally good relations with authorities in

129-506: A historic city centre, many historically relevant buildings, and a large shopping centre with squares and restaurants. Leeuwarden was awarded the title European Capital of Culture for 2018. Also, Leeuwarden has been a UNESCO City of Literature since 2019. The Elfstedentocht (Eleven Cities Tour), an ice skating tour passing the eleven cities of Friesland, starts and finishes in Leeuwarden. The following towns and villages within

172-457: A large flower market (held on Ascension Day ). There is also a weekly cattle market. Leeuwarden railway station (opened on 27 October 1863) is the main railway station of Leeuwarden. It is a terminus station of the NS railway line from Zwolle . Regional trains, served by Arriva , operate to Groningen in the east, Harlingen in the west and Stavoren in the southwest. The other stations in

215-490: A population of 127,073 (2023). It is the provincial capital and seat of the Provincial Council of Friesland . The region has been continuously inhabited since the 10th century. It came to be known as Leeuwarden in the early 9th century AD and was granted city privileges in 1435. It is the main economic hub of Friesland, situated in a green and water-rich environment. Leeuwarden is a former royal residence and has

258-573: A provincial mint operated in the city, minting gold, silver and copper coins of Friesland. The Jewish community of Leeuwarden was one of the earliest in the Netherlands aside from Amsterdam , and was first mentioned in 1645. By 1670, the city council granted a man referred to as "Jacob the Jew" (in Dutch) permission to build a Jewish cemetery, meaning that there were enough Jews living there to require

301-529: A river in the Netherlands is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Lauwerszee Lauwersmeer ( Dutch pronunciation: [ˌlʌu.ərsˈmeːr] ) is a man-made lake in the north of the Netherlands , on the border of the provinces of Groningen and Friesland . The lake was formed on 23 May 1969, when the dike between the bay called Lauwers Sea and the Wadden Sea was closed. It

344-542: A total population of 124,084. Museums in the city of Leeuwarden: There are over 800 Rijksmonuments (national heritage sites) in the municipality of Leeuwarden. The Oldehove , a leaning unfinished church tower, is a symbol of the city. Other well-known buildings in the city centre include the Kanselarij (former chancellery), the Stadhouderlijk Hof (former residence of the stadtholders of Friesland),

387-582: Is IJshockeyclub Capitals Leeuwarden (IJCCL). Leeuwarden is the starting and finishing point for the celebrated Elfstedentocht , a 200 km (120 mi) speed skating race over the Frisian waterways that is held when winter conditions in the province allow. As of 2018, it last took place in January 1997, preceded by the races of 1986 and 1985. In 1986, the Dutch king Willem-Alexander participated in

430-476: Is a lack of agreement about whether to spell the former name as "Lauwersee" or "Lauwerszee". Some older maps show it as "Lauwerzee". Leeuwarden Leeuwarden ( Dutch: [ˈleːu.ɑrdə(n)] ; West Frisian : Ljouwert [ˈljɔu(ə)t] ; Stadsfries Dutch : Liwwadden ; Leeuwarder dialect: Leewarden ) is a city and municipality in Friesland , Netherlands , with

473-538: Is a public broadcaster with radio and TV programs mainly in Frisian. In the Netherlands, a municipality is governed by the college of mayor and aldermen and the municipal council . Sybrand van Haersma Buma of the CDA has been mayor of Leeuwarden since 26 August 2019. Since the 2014 municipal elections , the Labour Party (3 aldermen), Christian Democratic Appeal (2 aldermen), PAL GroenLinks (1 alderman) form

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516-691: Is noted for birdwatching . On the eastern shores of the Lauwersmeer is the Marnewaard , an exercise area of the Royal Netherlands Army . The central and eastern parts of the lake became Lauwersmeer National Park on 12 November 2003. The Lauwers Sea (in Dutch : Lauwerszee ) was formed by a flood in 1280, and named after the river Lauwers , which flows along the border between the provinces of Groningen and Friesland . During

559-582: Is seven metres high and consists of two white heads of a boy and a girl, their eyes closed and dreaming. Annual music festivals are Cityrock , Dancetour , Welcome To The Village , Into the Grave , Explore the North and Fries straatfestival . Other festivals are Noordelijk Film Festival (an event for film makers), photofestival Noorderlicht and the Media Art festival . Other events are Racing Expo and

602-571: Is the Cambuurstadion , which has a capacity of 10,500. The city's basketball team, Aris Leeuwarden , has played in the Dutch Basketball League since 2004. The Elfstedenhal is a sport venue. The stadium is used for long track speed skating , short track speed skating , ice hockey , figure skating and curling . The 400m indoor speed skating oval is named after speed skater Atje Keulen-Deelstra . The ice hockey club

645-406: Is the oldest building in the city. The 15th century was the period of the two opposing Frisian factional parties Vetkopers and Schieringers . The bastions and a moat were built in the period 1481–1494. In 1747 William IV, Prince of Orange was the last stadtholder residing in the Stadhouderlijk Hof . In the first half of the 19th century the fortifications were demolished. From 1580 to 1752,

688-557: The Cammingha-Buurstermolen were demolished in 2000. The Slauerhoffbrug is a fully automatic bascule bridge named after the poet Jan Jacob Slauerhoff . It uses two arms to swing a section of road in and out of place within the road itself. This movable bridge is also known as the 'Flying' Drawbridge. The tallest building in the city is the 114-metre (374 ft) Achmeatoren ( Achmea insurance tower), built in 2001 and designed by Abe Bonnema – who also designed

731-523: The Academie voor Popkultuur ( Hanze University of Applied Sciences Groningen ) Technological Top Institute Wetsus does research into water-related technologies. Centre of Expertise Water Technology (CEW) is the knowledge and innovation centre for applied research and product development in the field of water technology and the Wadden Academy to study and research the Wadden Sea . Among

774-648: The Afsluitdijk connects to Alkmaar in North Holland . The motorway A31 passes Leeuwarden and the A32 connects Leeuwarden to Meppel . The Van Harinxmakanaal is a major canal and connects Harlingen to Leeuwarden. Leeuwarden has a number of respected schools of applied science ( HBO in Dutch), (21,480 students in 2017), such as the Van Hall Instituut (agricultural and life sciences) and

817-461: The Middle Ages , when the city was called Lintarwrde . Some scholars argue that the name of the city is derived from leeu- , a corruption of luw- (Dutch for 'sheltered from the wind', cf. the maritime term leeward ) or from lee- (a Dutch word for waterway). 'Sheltered landing place or harbour' could be the original meaning. This suits the watery province of Friesland and the position of

860-665: The NHL Stenden University of Applied Sciences (hotel management, economical and media management). In addition to higher education, the city is also home to three regional vocational schools (MBO): the Friese Poort, Friesland College, and Nordwin College. Although the city has no university of its own, several satellite campuses are located here, including Campus Fryslân ( University of Groningen ), Dairy Campus ( Wageningen University and Research ) and

903-493: The 10 largest employers in Leeuwarden are Medical Center Leeuwarden (MCL), ING , The Central Judicial Collection Agency (CJIB), Achmea , NHL Stenden University of Applied Sciences , Leeuwarden Air Base and FrieslandCampina . WTC Expo is the largest events complex in the Northern Netherlands. The city's local football team, SC Cambuur , are playing in the second tier Eerste Divisie . Their home ground

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946-574: The 18th century and continued to expand throughout the 18th and 19th centuries, reaching a peak population of 1,236 in 1860. In 1901 the city's population was 32,203. Leeuwarden, like the rest of the Netherlands, was occupied by German forces in 1940–1945. This ended when elements of the Royal Canadian Dragoons seized the initiative and advanced into the heavily-defended city on 15 April 1945, ignoring direct orders to wait for supporting infantry. German forces had been driven out by

989-549: The Eleven cities tour, with the pseudonym W.A. van Buren , which is the pseudonym of the royal family of the Netherlands. Loop Leeuwarden is an annual road running competition (5 km, 10 km and half marathon races). The race was first held in 1985 and takes place in May. It attracts amateur runners. The city of Leeuwarden has two sailing boats ( skûtsje ) racing in the yearly sailing competition Skûtsjesilen . Leeuwarden

1032-535: The Lauwers Sea (32 km of dikes) or to make a 13 km dam separating the Lauwers Sea and the Wadden Sea. After a study found that the 13 km dike plan was more expensive than the 32 km plan, the government decided on the cheaper option. The people living in the area resisted and a committee was formed ( actiecomité "Lauwerszee" ). They collected 135,000 signatures of people who wanted to close

1075-537: The Lauwers Sea were from 1849. In the 1930s a commission came up with several plans but all were shelved and were never accomplished. The flood disaster of 1953 and the Christmas flood of 1954 made clear that something had to be done. In 1958 the New Delta Law ordered a reinforcement of the dikes in the north of the Netherlands. At the Lauwers Sea there were two options: to reinforce the existing dikes around

1118-498: The Lauwers Sea. In Leeuwarden a large gathering was organised to show the government that local people did not agree with the decision. On 10 June 1960 Kabinet-De Quay decided to enclose the Lauwers Sea, agreeing to share the cost with the Provinces of Groningen and Friesland , which also agreed to maintain the dike upon completion. The 13-kilometer-long dike has sluices and a canal lock . A new harbour called Lauwersoog

1161-688: The Lauwers splits into two branches, the Frisian Oude Lauwers and the Zijldiep , in Groningen province. The Lauwers meets the sea at the Wadden Sea , emptying into a channel between the islands of Schiermonnikoog and Rottumerplaat/Rottumeroog, which can be viewed as the continuation of the river. 53°15′24″N 6°14′0″E  /  53.25667°N 6.23333°E  / 53.25667; 6.23333 This article related to

1204-720: The Roman era and were discovered during an excavation near the Oldehove . Inhabited continuously since the 10th century, the city's first reference as a population centre is in German sources from 1285, and records exist of city privileges granted in 1435. Situated along the Middelzee , it was an active centre of maritime trade. The waterway silted-up in the 13th century. The Grote of Jacobijnerkerk (English: Great, or Jacobin Church )

1247-513: The city conceals an indication of water rather than an animal, and some sources suggest that the lion may have only been added after the name became official. It is also possible the coat of arms was a gift to the city from the powerful Minnema family. Leeuwarden is located centrally in Friesland. The military Leeuwarden Air Base lies northwest of the city. East of the city lies recreational area and nature reserve De Groene Ster . It contains

1290-667: The city hall (1715), the Waag (old weigh house), the Saint Boniface church (an important part of the neogothic movement) and the Centraal Apotheek , a pharmacy in the Art Nouveau style. The Blokhuispoort is a former prison that has been transformed into a public library, hostel and restaurant. The Froskepôlemolen (built in 1896), is the last surviving windmill to have stood in Leeuwarden . The remains of

1333-426: The courts. A committee of inquiry recommended that the Frisian language should receive legal status as a minority language. On 19 October 2013, a fire broke out in a clothes shop on a busy pedestrian street. The fire started late in the afternoon and burned through the night, destroying five shops and eleven flats. The only casualty was a 24-year-old man who was living in one of the flats. The birthplace of Mata Hari

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1376-459: The end of the next day. (The anniversary is marked by both the Dragoons and the city, by flying each other's flags every 15 April.) Kneppelfreed (English: Baton Friday ) was an incident on 16 November 1951 in front of the courthouse at Wilhelminaplein (Wilhelmina Square), when the police used batons against Frisian language activists during a protest against the exclusive use of Dutch in

1419-610: The flood the mouth of the river Lauwers disappeared, and its tributaries the Reitdiep , the Dokkumerdiep , and the Ee flowed directly into the new bay. Many plans were made after this disaster to shut it off from the sea but none was ever put into effect. However, parts of it were empoldered piecemeal, slowly reducing it from a large two-forked estuary to the nearly square inlet seen on recent maps. The first serious plans for draining

1462-431: The municipality are Leeuwarden Camminghaburen , and Grou-Jirnsum . A fourth station Leeuwarden Werpsterhoeke was planned to be opened after 2018. Near the train station is the bus station. Arriva runs several city, regional and national buses. Route 66 Leeuwarden- Holwerd connects with the ferry to Ameland , bus route 50 to Lauwersoog connects with the departures of the ferry to Schiermonnikoog and route 350 via

1505-470: The municipality have populations in excess of 1,000 people: Leeuwarden, Stiens , Grou , Goutum , Wergea , Jirnsum , Reduzum , and Wirdum . The municipality is governed by the mayor Sybrand van Haersma Buma and a coalition of the Labour Party , Christian Democratic Appeal , and GreenLeft . The name "Leeuwarden" (or older variants of it) first came into use for Nijehove , the most important of

1548-420: The name is easily explained: Warden , West Frisian/Dutch/Low German for an artificial dwelling-hill, is a designation of terps , reflecting the historical situation. The first part of the name, leeuw , means lion in modern standard Dutch. This interpretation corresponds with the coat of arms adopted by the city, which features a heraldic lion . However, modern standard Dutch was not used in this region in

1591-526: The original three villages at the end of an important estuary called Middelzee . The name is also similar to that of the French commune Lewarde , located in the Nord Department , an originally Flemish-speaking area annexed to France in the 17th century. Western Flemish was related to Frisian and also to Saxon up to the 11th century. The oldest remains of houses date back to the 2nd century AD in

1634-410: The second-tallest building, Averotoren at 77 m (253 ft). On 6 September 2013 Leeuwarden was voted European Capital of Culture for the year 2018. Many events were organised throughout the year. The largest art project was the 11Fountains , fountains in the Frisian eleven cities. The Love Fountain , located in front of the train station, was designed by artist Jaume Plensa . The fountain

1677-449: The three villages (the other two being Oldehove and Hoek ) which in the early 9th century merged into Leeuwarden (Villa Lintarwrde c.  825). There is much uncertainty about the origin of the city's name. Historian and archivist Wopke Eekhoff summed up a total of over 200 different spelling variants, of which Leeuwarden ( Dutch ), Liwwadden ( Stadsfries ), and Ljouwert ( West Frisian ) are still in use. The second part of

1720-886: The windmill Himriksmole , a golf course and AquaZoo Friesland . On 1 January 2014 parts of the neighbouring Boarnsterhim municipality were added to Leeuwarden. On 1 January 2018 it was enlarged by Leeuwarderadeel and parts of former municipality of Littenseradiel . The hamlets within the municipality are: Abbenwier , Angwier , Baarderbuorren , Bartlehiem (partially), De Him , De Hoek , De Trije Romers , Domwier , Finsterbuorren , Fûns , Groote Bontekoe , Goatum , Hesens , Hoarne , Hoptille , It Hoflân , It Wiel , Marwert , Midsbuorren , Narderbuorren , Noardein , Oude Schouw (partially), Poelhuzen , Rewert (partially), Skillaerd , Skrins , Suderbuorren , Suorein , Tichelwurk , Truerd , Tsienzerbuorren , Tsjaard , Tsjeintgum , Vierhuis , Vrouwbuurtstermolen (partially), Wammert and Wieuwens As of 2020, Leeuwarden had

1763-414: Was at first thought to be destroyed, but survived, albeit with considerable smoke and water damage. The coat of arms of Leeuwarden is the official symbol of the municipality. It consists of a blue escutcheon , a golden lion , and a crown . The fact that Leeuwarden carries a lion in its seal seems logical, considering that "Leeuw" is Dutch for "Lion". However, it is very plausible the oldest name of

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1806-552: Was built part-way along the dike. Final enclosure and separation from the Wadden Sea took place on 25 May 1969; since then it has been called the Lauwersmeer. New flora and fauna appeared as the Lauwerszee gradually became a freshwater lake, and to protect this new and young nature area, it was decided (12 November 2003) to designate the Lauwersmeer as a national park . The ferry to Schiermonnikoog that had previously left from Oostmahorn now leaves from Lauwersoog . There

1849-544: Was to be the host of the World Flying Disc Federation 2020 World Ultimate and Guts Championships from the 11th to the 18th of July. The event was expected to have over 2500 athletes from 40 countries. The event was cancelled ( COVID-19 pandemic ). The Leeuwarder Courant and Friesch Dagblad are daily newspapers mainly written in Dutch (published by the NDC Mediagroep ). Omrop Fryslân

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