Lavrio , Lavrion or Laurium ( Greek : Λαύριο ; Ancient Greek : Λαύρειον (later Λαύριον ); from Middle Ages until 1908: Εργαστήρια Ergastiria ) is a town in southeastern part of Attica , Greece . It is part of Athens metropolitan area and the seat of the municipality of Lavreotiki . Laurium was famous in Classical antiquity for its silver mines , which was one of the chief sources of revenue of the Athenian state . The metallic silver was mainly used for coinage . The Archaeological Museum of Lavrion shows much of the story of these mines.
28-485: It is located about 60 km SE of Athens city center, SE of Keratea and N of Cape Sounio . Laurium is situated on a bay overlooking the island of Makronisos (ancient times: Helena) in the east. The port is in the middle and gridded streets cover the residential area of Lavrio. GR-89 runs through Lavrio and ends south in Sounio . The modern town of Lavrio is at the site of the ancient village of Thoricus ; its name
56-511: A TrainOSE spokesperson, the interruption is due to technical problems; however no information on the progress of any work was given, services were rerouted via SKA . The following table lists the routes and the stations for the Athens Suburban Railway since 15 May 2022. Line numbers were introduced on 1 August 2023. The suburban railway connects with other rail services at the following stations: The suburban train, in
84-600: A hot-summer mediterranean ( Csa ) climate. It has mild winters and hot summers, with particularly warm summer nights. The summer highs are 2 °C lower than in Piraeus and 4 °C lower than in downtown Athens . The driest months are July and August while the rainiest period is during December and January. According to the station of the National Observatory of Athens , Lavrio has not recorded an air frost since 2008. The Eleftherios Venizelos International Airport
112-573: A company independent of OSE , still using the Proastiakos emblem . In 2009, with the Greek debt crisis unfolding OSE 's Management was forced to reduce services across the network. Timetables were cut back, and routes closed as the government-run entity attempted to reduce overheads. Services from Athens Airport & Athens were cut back, with some ticket offices closing, reducing the reliability of services and passenger numbers. However, from 2010,
140-567: Is 35 km away from Lavrio or about 30 minutes drive. Lavrio is connected to Athens by car using the Lavrio/Sounio Leoforos (Highway) and then Attiki Odos . This trip takes about an hour. A quite convenient solution to go to Athens is to "park and drive". Drive from Lavrio to Koropi Train Station and there take the suburban railway or metro that goes straight to Athens center. (30 minutes drive + 30 minutes train) Lavrio
168-583: Is a town in East Attica , Greece . Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Lavreotiki , of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 129.864 km . It is part of Athens metropolitan area. Keratea is situated in the hills in the southeastern part of the Attica peninsula, 6 km west of the Aegean Sea coast, at about 200 m elevation. It lies at
196-669: Is permitted, as the right of photographers to photograph within the Suburban Railway is covered by the Constitution . The issue was mediated by the Ombudsman between 2004 and 2008 on the occasion of the attempt to temporarily ban photography during the Olympic Games . The court ruled that "the requirement of a 'photography permit' is tantamount to a ban" and that "there is no legal authority to impose restrictions on
224-582: Is taken from that of the entire region of the Mines of Laurium . The earliest evidence for mining dates to the beginning of the Bronze Age, ca. 3200 BC. Systematic exploitation of mineral resources seem to have begun in the 6th century BC under Peisistratus . After the battle of Marathon , Themistocles persuaded the Athenians to devote the anticipated revenue derived from a major silver vein strike in
252-651: The Athens Suburban and Regional Railway , is a commuter rail service that connects the city of Athens and its metropolitan area with other places in Attica , Boeotia , Corinthia and the city of Chalcis in Euboea . The first section of the Suburban Railway, linking the main Athens railway station with the Athens International Airport , opened on 30 July 2004 – two weeks before
280-482: The Airport and Ano Liosia . Line A3 runs between Athens and Chalcis , and Line A4 runs between Piraeus and Kiato . The train service between Kiato and Aigio is a local Peloponnese service. The Athens Suburban Railway operates from 4:30 am to midnight daily, and there are 45 stations in the network. On 18 January 2012, services were "temporarily" suspended on routes from Piraeus - Ano Liossia . According to
308-467: The completion of the extension. In February 2019, OSE accepted a bid for the €12 million project to convert the former metre-gauge line between Isthmos and Loutraki to standard gauge , connect it to the Athens Airport–Patras railway and reopen it to passenger traffic by November 2021. Mytilineos–Xanthakis was selected as the contractor of the project. Due to an appeal by a rival bidder,
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#1732782562407336-672: The electrification works of the lines with 25 kV AC, 50 Hz began to be completed, allowing the use of the Siemens Desiro 460 trains. The electrification projects were completed in the SKA department. - Kiato in 2010, on the Oinoi–Chalcis line in 2013, in the sections SKA-Oinoi and Treis Gefyres – SKA in 2015, and finally in the section Three Bridges – Piraeus in 2018. In fact, the advent of electrification in SS. Athenson July 30, 2017 led to
364-484: The height of the mining. A silver mint ( Argyrocopeum ) was at Laurion. Towards the end of the 5th century, the output fell, partly owing to the Spartan occupation of Decelea . But the mines continued to be worked, though Strabo records that in his time the tailings were being worked over, and Pausanias speaks of the mines as a thing of the past. The ancient workings, consisting of shafts and galleries for excavating
392-403: The miners was violently confronted by the mining company's guards resulting in the death of two workers. The miners responded by destroying the company's offices and killing the guards. The government then sent police forces to support the company's interests against the strikers. Further clashes between workers and the police occurred to which the government replied by sending the military against
420-494: The mines of Laurion circa 483 BC to expanding the Athenian fleet to 200 triremes , and thus laid the foundation of the Athenian naval power. The mines, which were the property of the state, were usually farmed out for a certain fixed sum and a percentage on the working; slave labour was exclusively employed. An unrecorded number were children. It was a miserable, dangerous, and brief life. As many as 20,000 slaves were employed at
448-499: The modification of the lines of the Suburban Railway to have as a starting point the central station of the capital. In 2017 OSE 's passenger transport sector was privatised as TrainOSE , currently, a wholly owned subsidiary of Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane infrastructure, including stations, remained under the control of OSE. On 1 February 2018, the electrification of the Piraeus-Athens Central station section of
476-514: The network was completed. During the COVID-19 pandemic , TrainOSE provide free antiseptic gel to the passenger public in order to disinfect those who use the commuter train. Since 1 August 2023 , the Athens Suburban Railway consists of four lines. Line A1 runs between Piraeus and Athens Airport , while Line A2 reinforces the preceding service along the median of the A6 motorway between
504-515: The northern foot of Mount Paneion [ el ] . It is 5 km southeast of Kalyvia Thorikou , 12 km northwest of Lavrio and 29 km southeast of Athens city centre. Greek National Road 89 (Gerakas - Koropi - Lavrio - Sounio) passes through Keratea. In antiquity, the area of present Keratea was part of the deme Cephale , of the phyle Acamantis in Mesogeia area of Ancient Athens. The municipal unit Keratea consists of
532-412: The ore, and washing tables for concentrating the ore, may still be seen at many locations. There were well engineered tanks and reservoirs to collect rainwater for washing the ore since abundant supplies from streams or rivers was impossible at the site. The mines were reworked in the late 19th century by French and Greek companies, but mainly for lead , manganese and cadmium . In 1896 a strike from
560-510: The public on 27 September that same year. Also in 2005 Proastiakos was absorbed by the company TRAINOSE SA., which was now responsible for providing all rail passenger and commercial transport. In 2007, with the completion of the works of the Airport-Patras line to Kiato , Proastiakos expanded services on what is now Line 5 while in 2009 services where expanded to Chalkida forming Line 3 . TrainOSE has been operating since 2008 as
588-557: The right to photograph spaces and slides by definition accessible to the public". A nine-station, 32 km extension of the Athens Suburban Railway from Koropi to Lavrio was announced in 2016, potentially connecting 300,000 more people to the rail network at a cost of €160 million. The project involves the construction of two new stations at Markopoulo and Lavrio Port, and five intermediate stops at Kalyvia , Keratea , Daskaleio, Thorikos and Kyprianos. The Athens-Lavrio distance will be 55 minutes and Koropi-Lavrio 28 minutes with
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#1732782562407616-511: The sections Magoula - Koropi and Piraeus - Dhekelia are part of the urban zone of OASA, therefore the single ticket that is used and combined with all means of transport in Athens is valid. Outside the urban area, a different ticket is valid, which is priced in stages and issued by Hellenic Train . The photography in the publicly accessible areas of both OSE and the Athens Suburban Railway (defined as passenger space on trains and at stations)
644-490: The sport teams Keravnos Keratea F.C. , one of the most successful East Attica football clubs, and the multi-sport G.S. Kerateas (Gymnastikos Syllogos Kerateas), the women's volleyball team has represent the town in Greek A1 Division for several years. Athens Suburban Railway The Athens Suburban Railway ( Greek : Προαστιακός Αθήνας , romanized : Proastiakós Athínas ), officially
672-463: The start of the 2004 Summer Olympics in the Greek capital. From 2005 to 2018, the network was gradually electrified and expanded to serve Piraeus to the south, Corinth and Kiato to the west, and Chalcis to the north. The Athens Suburban Railway is currently operated by Hellenic Train (formerly TrainOSE). "Proastiakos SA" was founded in 2003 as a subsidiary of OSE to serve the operation of
700-545: The striking workers resulting in more workers' deaths. The strike ended violently with most of the strikers' demands not being fulfilled and with a military force being permanently established to patrol the miners. The Mineralogical Museum of Lavrion comprises samples of minerals from the region of Lavrion. Lavrio, owing to its location in the southern tip of the Athens Riviera , has a hot semi-arid climate ( Köppen climate classification : BSh ), closely bordering
728-399: The suburban network in the urban complex of Athens during the 2004 Olympic Games . The first line, linking central Athens with Athens International Airport , was inaugurated on 30 July 2004, two weeks before the 2004 Olympic Games . This first section was not electrified and operated DMU 'S every half hour. In January 2005 the test routes to Corinth started and the line was delivered to
756-573: The town Keratea proper and 62 other settlements, including Kaki Thalassa and Pefka . The town has historically been an Arvanite settlement. The church of St. Athanasius (Kronizes). A wall painting monument (1744) of George Markou the Argus, the great and prolific post-Byzantine ecclesiastic iconographer of the 18th century ( ".... Il Santo Athanasio, che si trova alla Regione Cronizes di Kerateas dell 'Attica...." Evangelos Andreou http://ketlib.lib.unipi.gr/xmlui/handle/ket/849 ) Keratea hosts
784-654: Was the terminal station of the Athens-Lavrion Railway , which was abandoned in 1957. The mining town of Laurium, Michigan was named after the famous Greek Laurium. Laurium hosts the football club Olympiacos Laurium , which played in the Gamma Ethniki in the past, and the basketball club Lavrio B.C. , which plays in the Basket League . *Not included the most parts of Athens urban area Keratea Keratea ( Greek : Κερατέα )
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