120-817: The Lawrenceville School is a coeducational preparatory school for boarding and day students located in the Lawrenceville section of Lawrence Township , in Mercer County , in the U.S. state of New Jersey . Lawrenceville is a member of the Eight Schools Association and the Ten Schools Admission Organization . Lawrenceville School was founded in 1810 as the Maidenhead Academy by Presbyterian clergyman Isaac Van Arsdale Brown . One of
240-740: A house system , similar to many British schools. Students reside in four distinct groups of Houses—the Lower School, the Crescent (girls), the Circle (boys), and the Fifth Form (Senior) Houses. Faculty members are associated with each House. The Circle Houses were designed by Peabody and Stearns , as part of the original campus plan, and are part of Lawrenceville's National Historic Landmark. Four Crescent House dorms designed by Short and Ford Architects of Princeton, New Jersey, were opened in 1986;
360-734: A need-blind basis and provide financial aid covering 100% of students' demonstrated financial need. 45% of Andover students receive financial aid. Phillips Academy is the oldest incorporated academy in the United States. It was established in 1778 by Samuel Phillips Jr. , a local businessman who hoped to educate Calvinist students for the ministry. The American Revolutionary War had caused significant upheaval to education in New England, and Phillips Academy filled part of that gap. (For example, Boston Latin School shut down during
480-404: A parent who attended Andover , and at least one out of every five Andover students has a sibling who attended Andover. Andover enrolls a student body that is more racially diverse than Massachusetts, although the numbers vary significantly depending on whether respondents are permitted to identify as two or more races. The academy reports that 59% of students identify as people of color. For
600-468: A solar farm , which consists of a nearly 30-acre, net-metered, 6.1-megawatt solar facility. The school operates the Big Red Farm, a working agricultural facility with three greenhouses, 4 acres (1.6 ha) of farmland, 20 acres (8.1 ha) of pastureland for the school's sheep, chickens and pigs, and several honey-producing beehives. Lawrenceville is a member of the Eight Schools Association ,
720-497: A trimester program , where a school year is divided into three terms lasting around ten weeks each. With 232 teaching faculty, a 7:1 student-faculty ratio, and an average class size of 13, Andover is able to offer 300 courses and a faculty-guided independent research option. Courses may last one, two, or three terms. Although Andover helped create the Advanced Placement program, the academy de-emphasized AP classes in
840-733: A Prep State A championship, or the MAPL championship since 2006. In winter 2014, the 4x55 Shuttle Hurdle Relay team was ranked number 2 in New Jersey and number 3 in the nation. On November 6, 2005, the Lawrenceville girls' varsity field hockey team defeated Stuart Country Day School 2–1 to capture their third straight Prep A state championship. On November 5, 2006, the varsity field hockey team defeated Stuart Country Day School 1–0 to capture their fourth straight Prep A state championship. In 2007 they tied rival Stuart Country Day School for
960-624: A U.S. National Historic Landmark District . The 1883 reorganization of Lawrenceville successfully elevated the school's profile and turned it into nearby Princeton University 's most reliable feeder school. Princeton president James McCosh had been searching for a Mid-Atlantic alternative to New England boarding schools, which he thought funneled their best students to New England schools such as Harvard. He used John Cleve Green's fortune to fill this gap. Green had been one of Princeton's most important donors; his great-great-great-grandfather Jonathan Dickinson had founded Princeton in 1746. Accordingly,
1080-505: A class with boys, but other research suggests that when the previous attainment is taken into account, that difference falls away. According to advocates of coeducation, without classmates of the opposite sex, students have social issues that may impact adolescent development. They argue that the absence of the opposite sex creates an unrealistic environment not duplicated in the real world. Some studies show that in classes that are separated by gender, male and female students work and learn on
1200-572: A collection of colonial model ships. The gallery also features rotating exhibitions. The Robert S. Peabody Institute of Archaeology was founded in 1901. The academy bills it as "one of the nation's major repositories of Native American archaeological collections." Unlike the Addison Gallery, the Peabody Institute is accessible to researchers, public schools, and visitors only by appointment. The collection includes materials from
1320-401: A debate club. Andover's weekly student newspaper, The Phillipian , claims to have been publishing since 1857. If true, it would be the nation's oldest secondary school newspaper, ahead of Exeter's The Exonian . However, the official school history questioned the 1857 date, noting that no further issues were published until 1878, the same year The Exonian began publishing. According to
SECTION 10
#17327660065531440-486: A fifth opened in 2010. There are 38 major buildings on Lawrenceville's campus, including the Bunn Library, which has space for 100,000 volumes. Lawrenceville has 18 athletics fields, a nine-hole golf course which is currently closed due to construction, 12 outdoor tennis courts, 1 ⁄ 4 -mile (400 m) all-weather and indoor tracks, a boathouse, a hockey arena, and a ropes and mountaineering course. During
1560-607: A group of leading American secondary schools informally founded during the 1973–74 school year and formally established in 2006. Lawrenceville is also a member of the Ten Schools Admissions Organization . The school was formerly part of G20 Schools , an international group of secondary schools. Lawrenceville is affiliated with The Island School in Cape Eleuthera , The Bahamas , to which it sends students for semesters abroad. Island School
1680-612: A large fortune investing in railroads, importing tea and textiles, and exporting opium to China . With no surviving children, much of his estate went to charitable causes. The trustees of the Green Foundation, including Green's widow Sarah, brother Caleb, nephew Charles, and friend John T. Nixon , aimed to turn Lawrenceville into a college-preparatory institution "with a more elite student body." With $ 1.25 million to spend (approximately $ 40 million in 2024 dollars), they hired Presbyterian minister James Cameron Mackenzie to study
1800-476: A mixed-sex secondary school. Its first enrollment class consisted of 78 male and 36 female students. Among the latter was Rebecca Gratz who would become an educator and philanthropist. However, the school soon began having financial problems and it reopened as an all-male institution. Westford Academy in Westford, Massachusetts has operated as mixed-sex secondary school since its founding in 1792, making it
1920-963: A need for advanced education for women at a time when they were not admitted to most institutions of higher education." Notable examples include the Seven Sisters colleges, of which Vassar College is now coeducational and Radcliffe College has merged with Harvard University . Other notable women's colleges that have become coeducational include Wheaton College in Massachusetts, Ohio Wesleyan Female College in Ohio , Skidmore College , Wells College , and Sarah Lawrence College in New York state, Pitzer College in California, Goucher College in Maryland and Connecticut College . By 1900
2040-512: A positive impact of single-sex schooling on education achievement [...] but others finding average null effects"; they concluded that after controlling for "individual, parental and school-level factors [...] on average, there is no significant difference in performance for girls or boys who attend single-sex schools compared to their mixed-school peers in science, mathematics or reading." Phillips Academy Phillips Academy (also known as PA , Phillips Academy Andover , or simply Andover )
2160-558: A semesterly fashion magazine; In the Margins , a Diversity magazine; The Contour , a newspaper on global issues; The Lawrenceville Historical Review, the school's annual history periodical; El Artículo , a Spanish publication, and The Lit , a literary magazine published three times a year. The Lit was founded in 1895 by author Owen Johnson , who went on to write the Lawrenceville Stories . Also published annually are
2280-614: A shared victory in their fifth straight Prep A state championship with a 2–2 tie on a late Lawrenceville goal. On February 12, 2006, the Lawrenceville varsity boys' squash team won the National Championship for the third year in a row. In May 2006, the boys' varsity baseball team won the New Jersey Prep A championship over Peddie School in a doubleheader (14-0 and 6–1), earning their second state championship in three years. Lawrenceville defeated Peddie again in
2400-433: A significant increase from 2021, when 10.4% of students identified as black and 6.8% as African American. Andover enrolls a large international student population, representing approximately 15% of the student body. In March 2024, Andover enrolled 184 international students, of whom 55 were U.S. citizens living abroad. Conversely, a quarter of the student body lives off campus in neighboring communities. The student body
2520-399: A single-sex setting could be less prepared, nervous, or uneasy. However, some argue that at certain ages, students may be more distracted by the opposite sex in a coeducational setting, but others point to this being based on an assumption that all students are heterosexual. There is evidence that girls may perform less well in traditionally male-dominated subjects such as the sciences when in
SECTION 20
#17327660065532640-461: Is a co-educational college-preparatory school for boarding and day students located in Andover, Massachusetts , a suburb of Boston . The academy enrolls approximately 1,150 students in grades 9 through 12, including postgraduate students. It is part of the Eight Schools Association and the Ten Schools Admission Organization . Founded in 1778, Andover is one of the oldest high schools in
2760-652: Is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as part of the Academy Hill Historic District . It includes the historic campuses of Phillips Academy, Abbot Academy, and Andover Theological Seminary, the latter of which sold its buildings to Phillips Academy when it left Andover in 1907. In the 1920s and 1930s, Andover added new buildings around this campus core, including the administrative building, library, dining hall, art gallery, chapel, math building, and dormitories. Many of
2880-447: Is now known as American football was played in 1869 , and resembled soccer more than gridiron football. ) Andover participated in the first-ever high school football game, playing Adams Academy in 1875. The school organized an athletics department in 1903 with the objective of "Athletics for All." Today, Andover is an athletic powerhouse among New England private schools. Andover athletes have won over 110 New England championships in
3000-474: Is one of the many Muslim countries where most schools and colleges are single-gender although some schools and colleges, and most universities are coeducational. In schools that offer O levels and A levels, co-education is quite prevalent. After the independence of Pakistan in 1947, most universities were coeducational but the proportion of women was less than 5%. After the Islamization policies in
3120-478: Is one of the most selective boarding schools in the United States, especially in light of its size. In 2016, four boarding schools had an acceptance rate lower than 15%, and Andover was larger than the other three put together. The acceptance rate normally hovers around 13%, but during the COVID-19 pandemic , it fell to 9% in 2022. Andover has practiced need-blind admission since 2007. Andover and Exeter are
3240-857: Is relatively affluent and politically liberal. As of March 2023, 95.4% of Andover students have at least one parent who graduated from college, and 46.8% of students have family household incomes over $ 250,000/year, compared to the 11.3% of students with family household incomes under $ 100,000/year (another 22.9% do not know their family income). 38.8% of students identified as liberal, 13.3% as independent, 8.6% as conservative, and 8.0% as either communist or socialist (another 26.5% were unsure as to their political affiliation). 21.6% of students identified as agnostic and 21.1% as atheist, compared to 22.5% who identified as "Christian," 16.9% as Catholic, and 5.4% as Protestant (students could select multiple choices). In addition, 6.4% of students identified as ethnically Jewish and 5.3% as religiously Jewish. Phillips Academy follows
3360-403: Is used to refer to a mixed school. The word is also often used to describe a situation in which both sexes are integrated in any form (e.g., "The team is coed"). Less common in the 21st century is the noun use of word "coed", which traditionally referred to a female student in a mixed gender school. The noun use is considered by many to be sexist and unprofessional, the argument being that applying
3480-647: The Andover Theological Seminary , which was founded by orthodox Calvinists who had fled Harvard University after it appointed a liberal Unitarian theology professor. The Phillips family financially backed the seminary, and the two institutions shared a board of directors. Andover's commitment to orthodox theology helped fuel the Exeter rivalry. Exeter was more welcoming to Unitarians or at least less religious; for example, unlike Andover, its academy constitution did not compel Exeter to teach
3600-668: The Hui and Salars , find coeducation to be controversial, owing to Islamic ideas on gender roles. On the other hand, the Muslim Uyghurs have not historically objected to coeducation. Admission to the Sorbonne was opened to girls in 1860. The baccalauréat became gender-blind in 1924, giving equal chances to all girls in applying to any universities. Mixed-sex education became mandatory for primary schools in 1957 and for all universities in 1975. St. Paul's Co-educational College
3720-623: The Mid-Atlantic Prep League . In addition, through the Eight Schools Athletic Council, the members of the Eight Schools Association organize sports events and tournaments among ESA schools. Lawrenceville competes with other schools in baseball, basketball, crew, cross-country, fencing, field hockey, football, golf, hockey, indoor and outdoor track, lacrosse, soccer, softball, squash, swimming, tennis, volleyball, water polo, and wrestling. In addition,
Lawrenceville School - Misplaced Pages Continue
3840-614: The Ming dynasty and Yuan Mei 's school during the Qing Dynasty , enrolled both male and female students. In the 1910s, women's universities were established, such as Ginling Women's University and Peking Girls' Higher Normal School, but there was no coeducation in higher learning schools. Tao Xingzhi , the Chinese advocator of mixed-sex education, proposed The Audit Law for Women Students (規定女子旁聽法案, Guī Dìng Nǚ Zi Páng Tīng Fǎ Àn) at
3960-591: The Olla Podrida , the yearbook; Lawrencium , the science research journal; and Prize Papers , a compilation of the best academic work in the English Department by that year's IV Form (junior) class. There is also a WLSR radio club. The school's weekly, The Lawrence , is the third oldest secondary school newspaper in the United States, after The Phillipian and The Exonian . The Lawrence has been published regularly since 1881. Students make up
4080-604: The Phillipian website, the newspaper is "entirely uncensored and student run." The Philomathean Society is the nation's second-oldest high school debating society, after Exeter's Daniel Webster Debate Society. Andover students operate the Phillips Academy Poll, the first public opinion poll to be conducted by high school students. In 2022, the poll was featured by Boston Channel 7 News and The New Yorker , among others, after releasing polling results for
4200-409: The Ten Schools Admission Organization began coordinating outreach to potential applicants and streamlining the admissions process. After Kemper's retirement, Andover became a founding member of the Eight Schools Association , an informal group of headmasters of large boarding schools that began meeting in the 1970s and formalized in 2006. Raynard S. Kington has been Head of School since 2019. He
4320-575: The United Kingdom , which admitted boys and girls from its opening onwards. This has always been a day school only. The world's oldest co-educational both day and boarding school is Dollar Academy , a junior and senior school for males and females from ages 5 to 18 in Scotland , United Kingdom. From its opening in 1818, the school admitted both boys and girls of the parish of Dollar and the surrounding area. The school continues in existence to
4440-605: The public schools of the United Kingdom, and later appointed him Head of School. Mackenzie's British-inspired innovations included Lawrenceville's house system, "the [first] small-unit housing plan ... in America." He argued that a "home-like atmosphere was better for an adolescent boy and made him a better student." Upon his return to the United States, the trustees commissioned a new campus from Frederick Law Olmsted and Peabody and Stearns , which has since been designated
4560-465: The 1880s, the bulk of Andover students came from Congregationalist (mainly Calvinist) and Presbyterian households, and the academy enrolled "almost no" Unitarians or Methodists. However, by the 1900s, Calvinism was no longer popular in New England, and Andover Theological Seminary was facing declining enrollment. In 1907, the seminary reconciled with Harvard and returned to Cambridge . Today, Andover and Exeter are now both nonsectarian institutions, and
4680-416: The 19th century. The world's oldest co-educational school is thought to be Archbishop Tenison's Church of England High School, Croydon , established in 1714 in the United Kingdom, which admitted 10 boys and 10 girls from its opening, and remained co-educational thereafter. This is a day school only and still in existence. The Scottish Dollar Academy was the first mixed-sex both day and boarding school in
4800-787: The 2010 finals to win its second consecutive Prep A title. In May 2023, the boys' varsity lacrosse team won the Prep Nationals championship game over Brunswick School by a score of 14-13 in double overtime. They finished the season on an 18-game winning streak, to end with a record of 19-1. Lawrentians in the arts include writers Owen Johnson , James Merrill , Frederick Buechner , and Bill Berkson ; musicians Huey Lewis and Dierks Bentley ; and screenwriter Merian C. Cooper . Those active in media and entertainment include author and ecologist Aldo Leopold (1904–1905), socialite and Real Housewife of New York Tinsley Mortimer , and athletes Joakim Noah and Bobby Sanguinetti . Lawrenceville
4920-816: The 2021–2022 school year, Andover reported that 36.5% of its students were white, 33.0% were Asian, 10.2% were black, 10.5% were Hispanic, 0.5% were Native American/Alaska Native, and 9.3% were multiracial. The survey in question did not allow Andover to identify one student in multiple categories. By contrast, a March 2023 survey conducted by Andover's student newspaper (to which 81.0% of the student body responded) found that 50.2% of Andover students identified as white, 42.9% as Asian (including 25.8% as Asian Americans), 13.4% as black (including 8.6% as African American), 10.9% as Hispanic or Latino, 1.4% as Native American/Alaska Native, and 1.3% as Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander. This survey allowed students to identify with multiple categories. The percentage of black students represents
Lawrenceville School - Misplaced Pages Continue
5040-518: The 2022 midterm elections. The original pollsters graduated in 2023, and the current status of the poll is unknown. Athletic competition has long been a part of the Phillips Academy tradition. As early as 1805, some form of "football" was being played on campus; that year, Eliphalet Pearson 's son Henry wrote that "I cannot write a long letter as I am very tired after having played at football all this afternoon." (The first game of what
5160-652: The 21st century, citing a desire to maintain curricular flexibility and independence. Andover does not rank students. It calculates GPA using a 6.0 scale instead of the usual 4.0 scale, where a 6 is considered outstanding, a 5 is an honors grade, and a 2 is a passing grade. A March 2023 student survey found that the average GPA was 5.41; it was 5.18 in 2018. Andover also runs a five-week summer session for approximately 600 students entering grades 8-12, which dates back to 1942. Andover does not publicly report its students' standardized test scores, explaining that many colleges have adopted test-optional admission policies during
5280-506: The 21st century. In 2017, Alibaba founder Joseph C. Tsai '82 and his wife Clara contributed the largest gift in school history. The exact size of the gift was undisclosed, but it was larger than the $ 60 million donation from Janie and Henry Woods in 2007. Lawrenceville has a self-contained campus, separated from central Lawrenceville by U.S. Route 206 (Main Street). The campus is a 15-minute drive from Princeton, New Jersey . In 1986,
5400-485: The Briton Frederic Harrison said after visiting the United States that "The whole educational machinery of America ... open to women must be at least twentyfold greater than with us, and it is rapidly advancing to meet that of men both in numbers and quality". Where most of the history of coeducation in this period is a list of those moving toward the accommodation of both men and women at one campus,
5520-499: The COVID-19 pandemic. The Class of 2019's average combined SAT score was 1460 (720 reading, 740 math), and its average combined ACT score was 31.1. In the 2022–23 school year, Andover enrolled 214 freshmen (in academy jargon, "juniors"), 276 sophomores ("lowers"), 311 juniors ("uppers"), and 348 seniors and postgraduates ("seniors" and "PGs"), for a total enrollment of 1,149 students. The old core of Phillips Academy's campus
5640-578: The English public schools to learn about best practices in Europe. Aided by a "sink-or-swim" policy of expelling underperforming or undisciplined students, the academy was able to place a majority of its students at Yale, Harvard, or Princeton (64% in 1931 and 74% in 1937). Enrollment, which had fallen from 396 students in 1855 to 177 in 1877, rebounded to roughly 400 by 1901 and passed 700 in 1937. To compete with newer, fully residential boarding schools,
5760-643: The Northeast, Southeast, Midwest, Southwest, Mexico and the Arctic, and range from Paleo Indian (more than 10,000 years ago) to the present day. Since the early 1990s, the museum has been at the forefront of compliance with the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act . Phillips Academy's extracurricular activities include music ensembles, a campus newspaper, an Internet radio station (formerly broadcasting as WPAA ), and
5880-728: The Reformation, coeducation was introduced in Western Europe, when certain Protestant groups urged that boys and girls should be taught to read the Bible. The practice became very popular in northern England, Scotland, and colonial New England, where young children, both male and female, attended dame schools . In the late 18th century, girls gradually were admitted to town schools. The Society of Friends in England, as well as in
6000-576: The School offers a variety of intramural sports, including Ultimate Disc for the girls' Crescent Houses and 8-man flag football for the boys' Circle Houses. Lawrenceville's rival is The Hill School of Pottstown, Pennsylvania , another member of the Mid-Atlantic Prep League. On the first or second weekend of November during "Hill Weekend," the two schools celebrate the nation's eighth-oldest high school football rivalry and fifth-oldest private school rivalry, dating back to 1887. In
6120-627: The UK. Founded in 1818, it is the oldest both boarding and day mixed-sex educational institution in the world still in existence. In England, the first non-Quaker mixed-sex public boarding school was Bedales School , founded in 1893 by John Haden Badley and becoming mixed in 1898. Ruckleigh School in Solihull was founded by Cathleen Cartland in 1909 as a non-denominational co-educational preparatory school many decades before others followed. Many previously single-sex schools have begun to accept both sexes in
SECTION 50
#17327660065536240-768: The United States Jr. National Team or row at D1 universities such as Cal, Wisconsin, Yale, Georgetown, and Northeastern, or the United States Jr. National Development Team. In the fall of 2010, the Lawrenceville boys' varsity crew team won the Head of the Christina Regatta in Delaware, then placed 14th in a field of 75 at the Head of the Charles Regatta in Boston, Massachusetts, later in the season. In
6360-536: The United States were single-sex. Examples include Collegiate School , a boys' school operating in New York by 1638 (which remains a single-sex institution); and Boston Latin School , founded in 1635 (which did not become coeducational until 1972). Nonetheless, mixed-sex education existed at the lower levels in the U.S. long before it extended to colleges. For example, in 1787, the predecessor to Franklin & Marshall College in Lancaster, Pennsylvania , opened as
6480-578: The United States, pioneered coeducation as they did universal education, and in Quaker settlements in the British colonies, boys and girls commonly attended school together. The new free public elementary, or common schools , which after the American Revolution supplanted church institutions, were almost always coeducational, and by 1900 most public high schools were coeducational as well. In
6600-416: The United States. It has educated a long list of notable alumni through its history, including American presidents George H. W. Bush and George W. Bush , foreign heads of state, members of Congress, five Nobel laureates and six Medal of Honor recipients. Along with its athletic rival Phillips Exeter Academy , Andover is one of only two co-ed high schools in the United States to both admit students on
6720-469: The academy, including George Washington (who personally visited the academy while president in 1789; eight of his nephews and grandnephews attended Andover ), John Hancock (who signed the academy's articles of incorporation), and Paul Revere (who designed the academy seal). Revere's design of the academy seal incorporated a beehive, crops, the sun, and the academy's two mottos: Non Sibi ("not for oneself") and Finis Origine Pendet ("the end depends upon
6840-501: The arrangement in 1939 at the State Department 's request. Following America's entry into World War II, over 3,000 Andover graduates participated in the war effort in some capacity, with 142 deaths. John Kemper (h. 1948–71) updated the curriculum and improved salaries and benefits for faculty members. Under his leadership, Andover co-authored a study on high school students' preparation for college coursework, which led to
6960-441: The beginning"). Other mottos include Youth from Every Quarter and Knowledge and Goodness , two paraphrases from the academy constitution. In 1828, all-boys Phillips Academy was joined by a sister school, Abbot Academy . Abbot was one of the first secondary schools for girls in New England. Although the academies had neighboring campuses in the town of Andover, their administrations sought to limit and regulate contact between
7080-586: The buildings were named after notable Americans, some (but not all) of whom attended Andover. Portions of Andover's campus were laid out by Andover alumnus Frederick Law Olmsted , designer of Central Park . Beginning in 1891, Olmsted and his architectural firm advised Andover on campus design; this relationship would continue for the next five decades. The academy's dormitories vary in size from as few as four to as many as 40 students, and are organized into five "clusters" of roughly 220 students and 40 faculty affiliates each. Many social events are organized through
7200-461: The campus serving black students at the site of what is now Florida A&M University . Florida did not return to coeducation at UF and FSU until after World War II, prompted by the drastically increased demands placed on the higher education system by veterans studying via GI Bill programs following World War II. The Buckman arrangements officially ended with new legislation guidelines passed in 1947. Several early primary and secondary schools in
7320-543: The campus. Andover began to admit more black students in the 1950s and 1960s, but progress was slow; by 1978, 6% of the student body was black or Hispanic. Andover abolished secret societies in 1949, although one society still exists. It also abolished mandatory attendance at religious services in the early 1970s. Phillips Academy became co-educational in 1973, when it merged with its sister school Abbot Academy. During this period, Andover also began coordinating policy with other large and wealthy secondary schools. In 1952,
SECTION 60
#17327660065537440-527: The cluster system, including orientation, study breaks, and snacks. None of the original dormitory buildings remain; the oldest dorm is Blanchard House, built in 1789. Two dormitory names carry on the Andover Theological Seminary tradition: America House, where the song America was penned by a seminarian, and Stowe House, where American writer Harriet Beecher Stowe (author of Uncle Tom's Cabin ) lived while her husband taught at
7560-475: The country. However, for quite a while, women sometimes were treated rudely by their male classmates. The prejudice of some male professors proved more unsettling. Many professors disapproved of the admission of women into their classes, citing studies that claimed that women were mentally unsuited for higher education, and because most would "just get married", they were using resources that, they believed, male students would use better. Some professors simply ignored
7680-543: The creation of the Advanced Placement program. Although tightening academic standards at elite universities and increased competition from public schools caused Andover's college placement record to decline significantly during Kemper's administration—the proportion of graduates attending Yale, Harvard, or Princeton fell to 55% in 1953 and 33% in 1967—nearly every major boarding school endured similar declines during this period. Like many other boarding school administrators, Kemper and his successors also sought to democratize
7800-651: The decorative details." The campus core also includes a gymnasium, the headmaster's house, the Circle House dormitories, and a chapel. The landmark covers 17.74 acres; the present-day campus includes over 700 acres. In 1972, the village of Lawrenceville, including parts of the school campus, was placed on the National Register of Historic Places , as part of the Lawrence Township Historic District . Lawrenceville utilizes
7920-691: The doctrine of justification by faith alone . As such, Exeter tended to send its students to Unitarian Harvard. Andover steered its students to Yale , which was more hospitable to Calvinists. This was due in part to the conservative influence of the seminary (whose endowment and facilities were superior to the academy's ), and in other part to the fact that Andover's constitution explicitly required Andover to profess and teach Calvinist theology. The constitution also required all teachers and trustees to be Protestants, although Andover no longer enforces this restriction. Certain New England families were drawn to Andover's reputation for theological conservatism. In
8040-440: The early 1980s, the government established Women's colleges and Women's universities to promote education among women who were hesitant to study in mixed-sex environment. Today, however, most universities and a large number of schools in urban areas are co-educational. In the United Kingdom the official term is mixed , and today most schools are mixed. A number of Quaker co-educational boarding schools were established before
8160-512: The editorial board and all decisions for the paper, consulting with two faculty advisors at their discretion. The Lawrence has won numerous awards, including the Columbia Journalism Award in consecutive years. In 2019, The Lawrence also won an editorial award from Youth Journalism International. Notable contributors include sportswriter Bob Ryan in 1964 and businessman Joseph Tsai . Lawrenceville athletics compete in
8280-665: The first coeducational public or state university in the United States in 1855, and for much of the next century, public universities, and land grant universities in particular, would lead the way in mixed-sex higher education. There were also many private coeducational universities founded in the 19th century, especially west of the Mississippi River. East of the Mississippi, Wheaton College (Illinois) graduated its first female student in 1862. Bates College in Maine
8400-608: The freshman class and more than the next two schools ( Phillips Exeter and Mercersburg ) put together. In the 1950s, the College Entrance Examination Board tested an early version of today's Advanced Placement program at Lawrenceville, Exeter, and Andover , with input from Princeton as well as Harvard and Yale . In 1936, Lawrenceville adopted the Harkness system of seminar-based classes. Time magazine reported that Edward Harkness offered
8520-432: The headmasters built new on-campus housing and modernized the academic facilities, a process that took over a generation to complete. Shortly after taking over, Bancroft recognized that Andover's historical reliance on local families for student housing was hurting its reputation. By 1901 Andover provided housing for approximately one-third of boarders; by 1929 all boarders could finally live on campus. Much of this expansion
8640-496: The household. As time progressed, education became more structured and formal. Women often had very few rights when education started to become a more important aspect of civilization. Efforts of the ancient Greek and Chinese societies focused primarily on the education of males. In ancient Rome, the availability of education was gradually extended to women, but they were taught separately from men. The early Christians and medieval Europeans continued this trend, and single-sex schools for
8760-437: The keynote address at Andover's 150th anniversary celebration, a speech that Cochran had arranged. During this period, Andover was a primarily white and Protestant institution, although its expanding scholarship program and occasional steps toward racial integration made it relatively diverse by New England boarding school standards. The share of scholarship boys steadily increased from 10% in 1901 to roughly 25% in 1944. Andover
8880-630: The lack of strong Christian principles among the settlers of the American West. They decided to establish a college and a colony based on their religious beliefs, "where they would train teachers and other Christian leaders for the boundless most desolate fields in the West". Oberlin College and the surrounding community were dedicated to progressive causes and social justice. Though it did reluctantly what every other college refused to do at all, it
9000-492: The late 19th and early 20th centuries, coeducation grew much more widely accepted. In Great Britain, Germany, and the Soviet Union, the education of girls and boys in the same classes became an approved practice. In Australia, there is a trend towards increased coeducational schooling with new coeducational schools opening, few new single-sex schools opening and existing single-sex schools combining or opening their doors to
9120-401: The longtime president of the board of trustees (an opponent of integration) stepped down. Upon their admission, the new board president remarked that Lawrenceville was the last major American boarding school to admit students of color. In 2024, the school renamed the atrium of the school gym (previously named for the earlier board president) to honor its first two black students. That year, 55% of
9240-484: The meeting of Nanjing Higher Normal School held on December seventh, 1919. He also proposed that the university recruit female students. The idea was supported by the president Kuo Ping-Wen , academic director Liu Boming , and such famous professors as Lu Zhiwei and Yang Xingfo, but opposed by many famous men of the time. The meeting passed the law and decided to recruit women students next year. Nanjing Higher Normal School enrolled eight Chinese female students in 1920. In
9360-683: The new Lawrenceville School was established "for the express purpose of preparing students for Princeton." Lawrenceville was a large success; the school sent 20 students to Princeton in 1886 alone, and enrollment leaped from 112 students in 1883 to 362 by 1898. The school's successful relaunch marked the start of a large boom in the American boarding school industry, which also included Groton (founded 1884), Taft (1890), Hotchkiss (1891), Choate (1896), St. George's (1896), Middlesex (1901), Kent (1906), and Loomis (1914). In 1932, Lawrenceville sent 62 students to Princeton, nearly ten percent of
9480-541: The old campus core of Lawrenceville School (built in 1884–85) was declared a National Historic Landmark . The landscape designer Frederick Law Olmsted planned the campus and grounds, and the Peabody & Stearns architectural firm designed the buildings, including Memorial Hall (now Woods Memorial Hall), which the National Park Service cited for the "richness of [its] materials" and "the high quality of
9600-562: The oldest preparatory schools in the United States, it has had several names, including Lawrenceville Classical and Commercial High School and Lawrenceville Academy . In 1883, the John Cleve Green Foundation purchased the school from its aging headmaster Samuel Hamill and renamed it The Lawrenceville School . Green, who had died in 1875, was born in the village of Lawrenceville and was one of Maidenhead Academy's original students. A successful merchant, he amassed
9720-439: The oldest continuously operating coed school in America. The oldest continuously operating coed boarding school in the United States is Westtown School , founded in 1799. A minister and a missionary founded Oberlin in 1833. Rev. John Jay Shipherd (minister) and Philo P. Stewart (missionary) became friends while spending the summer of 1832 together in nearby Elyria . They discovered a mutual disenchantment with what they saw as
9840-476: The only two co-educational prep schools in the United States that both admit students on a need-blind basis and offer financial aid that covers 100% of demonstrated financial need for every admitted student. To recruit U.S. students from "historically underrepresented" backgrounds, Andover pays for certain prospective financial aid applicants and their guardians to visit the campus during the admissions process. About one of every eight Andover students (12.9%) has
9960-633: The opposite gender. The first mixed-sex institution of higher learning in China was the Nanjing Higher Normal Institute , which was renamed National Central University and Nanjing University . For millennia in China, public schools, especially public higher learning schools, were for men. Generally, only schools established by zōng zú (宗族, gens) were for both male and female students. Some schools, such as Li Zhi 's school during
10080-602: The past few decades: for example, Clifton College began to accept girls in 1987. The first higher-education institution in the United Kingdom to allow women and men to enter on equal terms, and hence be admitted to academic degrees, was the University of Bristol (then established as University College, Bristol ) in 1876. Given their dual role as both boarding house and educational establishment, individual colleges at Oxford and Cambridge remained segregated for much longer. The first Oxford college to house both men and women
10200-472: The preparatory department at Oberlin in 1833 and the college department in 1837. The first four women to receive bachelor's degrees in the United States earned them at Oberlin in 1841. Later, in 1862, the first black woman to receive a bachelor's degree ( Mary Jane Patterson ) also earned it from Oberlin College. Beginning in 1844, Hillsdale College became the next college to admit mixed-sex classes to four-year degree programs. The University of Iowa became
10320-704: The present day with around 1,250 pupils. The first co-educational college to be founded was Oberlin Collegiate Institute in Oberlin, Ohio . It opened on 3 December 1833, with 44 students, including 29 men and 15 women. Fully equal status for women did not arrive until 1837, and the first three women to graduate with bachelor's degrees did so in 1840. By the late 20th century, many institutions of higher learning that had been exclusively for men or women had become coeducational. In early civilizations, people were typically educated informally: primarily within
10440-595: The privileged classes prevailed through the Reformation period. The early periods of this century included many religious schools and the first major public schools in the country had been established for males and females. In the 16th century, at the Council of Trent , the Roman Catholic church reinforced the establishment of free elementary schools for children of all classes. The concept of universal elementary education, regardless of sex, had been created. After
10560-445: The rivalry no longer carries religious overtones. After a period of decline, Cecil Bancroft (h. 1873–1901), Alfred Stearns (h. 1903–33), and Claude Fuess (h. 1933–48) led Andover through a long era of expansion that transformed Andover into one of the largest and richest prep schools in the United States. Bancroft improved Andover's academic reputation; he reformed the curriculum to the expectations of college presidents and visited
10680-557: The same level as their peers, the stereotypical mentality of the teacher is removed, and girls are likely to have more confidence in the classroom than they would in a coeducational class. In a 2022 study published in the British Educational Research Journal which examined the Irish educational system, the authors stated that the existing "empirical evidence is somewhat ambiguous, with some studies finding
10800-427: The same time,' women were considered to be the physical manifestations of the coeducation movement. While men were called students, women were called coeds. The message was that women . . . were not really students." Numerous professional organizations require that the gender-neutral term "student" be used instead of "coed" or, when gender is relevant to the context, that the term "female student" be substituted. If
10920-619: The same year Peking University also began to allow women students to audit classes. One of the most notable female students of that time was Chien-Shiung Wu . In 1949, the People's Republic of China was founded. The Chinese government pursued a policy of moving towards co-education and nearly all schools and universities have become mixed-sex. In recent years, some female or single-sex schools have again emerged for special vocational training needs, but equal rights for education still applies to all citizens. Indigenous Muslim populations in China,
11040-417: The school "a blank check" to adopt his preferred system, which Exeter had previously adopted in 1930. When Ivy League schools refocused their admissions practices on academic excellence in the 1950s and 1960s, the admissions director at Yale University was R. Inslee Clark Jr. , a former Lawrenceville faculty member. Lawrenceville admitted its first two African-American students in 1964, one year after
11160-728: The school commits to provide need-based financial aid covering 100% of an admitted student's demonstrated financial need. In the 2023-24 school year, 34% of the student body was on financial aid, with an average boarding aid grant over $ 60,000 and an average day grant over $ 44,000. In the 2024-25 school year, Lawrenceville reported 189 families with boarding students on scholarship. 64 of these families had household incomes under $ 125,000/year; after financial aid, they paid an average contribution of $ 703. 36 families had household incomes over $ 350,000/year, with an average contribution around $ 36,000. The school did not provide corresponding statistics for day students. Lawrenceville does not publicly report
11280-960: The seminary. The academy also operates the Andover Inn , which has 30 guest rooms and various event spaces. It was built in 1930 and renovated in 2009–2010 and 2023. The Addison Gallery of American Art is an art museum donated by Thomas Cochran in memory of Keturah Addison Cobb, the mother of his friend Zaidee Cobb Bliss. It is open to the public, and underwent a $ 30 million renovation and expansion from 2008 to 2010. The gallery's permanent collection includes Winslow Homer 's Eight Bells , along with work by John Singleton Copley , Benjamin West , Thomas Eakins , James McNeill Whistler , Frederic Remington , George Bellows , Edward Hopper , Georgia O'Keeffe , Jackson Pollock , Frank Stella , and Andrew Wyeth . The museum also features collections in American photography and decorative arts, with silver and furniture dating back to precolonial America and
11400-612: The sexes were educated together, we should have the healthy, moral and intellectual stimulus of sex ever quickening and refining all the faculties, without the undue excitement of senses that results from novelty in the present system of isolation. For years, a question many educators, parents, and researchers have been asking is whether it is academically beneficial to teach boys and girls together or separately at school. Some argue that coeducation has primarily social benefits by allowing males and females of all ages to become more prepared for real-world situations and that students familiar with
11520-524: The size of its financial endowment . However, from 2016 to 2021, its endowment increased from $ 381.1 million to $ 632.9 million. In its IRS filings for the 2021-22 school year, Lawrenceville reported total assets of $ 1.06 billion, net assets of $ 937.7 million, investment holdings of $ 631.0 million, and cash holdings of $ 78.0 million. The school also reported $ 65.0 million in program service expenses and $ 15.5 million in grants (primarily student financial aid ). Lawrenceville has attracted several major donors in
11640-466: The spring of 2008, the Lawrenceville boys' and girls' varsity track and field team completed its season undefeated, placing first in the NJISSAA and MAPL. In the winter of 2011, the 4x200 team was the fastest in the nation, earning each one of them the status of All-American. By January 2014, the Lawrenceville boys' varsity track team had won 103 dual meets in a row; the boys' team has not lost a dual meet,
11760-904: The spring of 2015, the Lawrenceville Boys' varsity crew team won the MAPL League Championship, beating out Peddie, Hun, and Blair; placed first at the US Rowing Mid-Atlantic Youth Championship; and then went on to place 4th at the US Rowing Youth Nationals held in Camden, NJ. The crew was selected for the Henley Royal Regatta and is widely regarded as the greatest crew in the school's history. Multiple members of this crew either went on to race for
11880-462: The state of Florida was an exception. In 1905, the Buckman Act was one of consolidation in governance and funding but separation in race and gender, with Florida State College for Women (since 1947, Florida State University ) established to serve white females during this era, the campus that became what is now the University of Florida serving white males, and coeducation stipulated only for
12000-565: The student bodies. The two academies merged in 1973. Phillips Academy's traditional rival is Phillips Exeter Academy , which was established three years later in Exeter , New Hampshire , by Samuel Phillips' uncle John Phillips . Andover and Exeter's sports teams have played each other since 1861, and the football teams have met nearly every year since 1878, making Andover-Exeter one of the nation's oldest high school football rivalries . From 1808 to 1907, Phillips Academy shared its campus with
12120-501: The student body were classified as non-white. In the 2021-22 school year, the school reported that of its 818 students, 371 (45.4%) were white, 159 (19.4%) were Asian, 79 (9.7%) were Black, 50 (6.1%) were Hispanic, and 159 (19.4%) were multiracial. The survey did not permit the school to classify its students in multiple categories. Lawrenceville began admitting girls in 1987. In 1999, the student body elected its first female student body president, Alexandra Petrone; in 2003, Elizabeth Duffy
12240-579: The summer, Lawrenceville is a popular site for youth sports camps and several academic programs for students and teachers, including the New Jersey Scholars Program . The school recently finished building the Tsai Commons and Field House, which comprises a new dining hall and additions to existing athletic facilities; this was opened for the 2024-25 school year. In the spring of 2012, the school began to draw its energy needs from
12360-485: The term solely to women implies that "normal" education is exclusively male: technically both male and female students at a coeducational institution should be considered "coeds". Writing for the Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development in 2017, author and educator Barbara Boroson described the noun use as "unfortunate", observing that "Although coeducation means 'the education of both sexes together at
12480-644: The war because its headmaster John Lovell, a Loyalist , fled to British Canada after the fall of Boston in 1776. ) The founders of Phillips Academy were strongly associated with the Patriot cause. Samuel Phillips and Eliphalet Pearson (later Andover's first head of school) manufactured gunpowder for the Continental Army, and the founders attempted to stock Andover's library with books confiscated from Loyalist families who had fled New England. Several prominent Revolutionary figures maintained links with
12600-492: The women students. By the end of the 19th century 70% of American colleges were coeducational, although the state of Florida was a notable exception; the Buckman Act of 1905 imposed gender-separated white higher education at the University of Florida (men) and Florida State College for Women . (As there was only one state college for blacks, the future Florida A&M University , it admitted both men and women.) The white Florida campuses returned to coeducation in 1947, when
12720-484: The women's college became Florida State University and the University of Florida became coeducational. In the late 20th century, many institutions of higher learning that had been exclusively for people of one sex became coeducational. A number of Greek-letter student societies have either been established (locally or nationally) or expanded as co-ed fraternities. In American colloquial language, "coed" or "co-ed"
12840-530: Was 20.5% in the 2017-18 school year. Applications increased nearly 20% during the COVID-19 pandemic, "with part of the increase driven by Black applicants and families seeking financial aid." In 2010, Lawrenceville set the world record for the largest custard pie fight. Heads of school include: Tuition and fees for the 2024-25 school year are $ 79,500 for boarding students and $ 65,420 for day students. From 2010 to 2014, Business Insider ranked Lawrenceville as America's most expensive private high school. However,
12960-621: Was also one of the first American schools to educate Chinese students, participating in the 1872–1881 Chinese Educational Mission ; one student, Liang Cheng , later became the Chinese ambassador to the United States . In the 1930s, Andover participated in the International Schoolboy Fellowship, a cultural exchange program between U.S. boarding schools, British public schools , and Nazi boarding schools . As U.S.-Germany relations deteriorated, Andover terminated
13080-526: Was appointed the School's first female headmaster; and in 2005, Sasha-Mae Eccleston '02 became Lawrenceville's first alumna to win a Rhodes Scholarship . In 2001, The New York Times wrote that Lawrenceville was "[o]nce - and perhaps still - as much a symbol of the establishment as Far Hills or the Social Register ," but was currently trying "to reinvent itself as an instrument of meritocracy rather than aristocracy." The school's admissions rate
13200-475: Was featured in several novels by Owen Johnson , who graduated from Lawrenceville in 1895: From 1987 to 1989, PBS ran the miniseries The Lawrenceville Stories , also based on Johnson's Lawrenceville tales. Coeducational Mixed-sex education , also known as mixed-gender education , co-education , or coeducation (abbreviated to co-ed or coed ), is a system of education where males and females are educated together. Whereas single-sex education
13320-515: Was founded by a former Lawrenceville teacher. The school is accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools . In the fall of 2014, L10 News, the school's weekly ten-minute newscast, was founded on Lawrenceville's YouTube channel and Facebook page. Other student-run publications include The First Amendment , a monthly political magazine founded in 2010; The Ledger, a semesterly business magazine; LMAG ,
13440-543: Was funded by banker Thomas Cochran '90, a partner at J. P. Morgan who had no children and wanted to make Andover "the most beautiful school in America." Cochran donated roughly $ 10 million to Andover (approximately $ 181 million in February 2024 dollars); for reference, when he died his estate was probated at $ 3 million. In 1928, as many as 15,000 people visited Andover's campus to hear President Calvin Coolidge deliver
13560-420: Was more common up to the 19th century, mixed-sex education has since become standard in many cultures, particularly in western countries. Single-sex education remains prevalent in many Muslim countries. The relative merits of both systems have been the subject of debate. The world's oldest co-educational school is thought to be Archbishop Tenison's Church of England High School, Croydon , established in 1714 in
13680-421: Was one of the first New England boarding schools to accept black students, starting in the 1850s. However, it had just five black students when Bancroft died in 1901, and black representation actually declined under Bancroft's successors: only four African-Americans attended Andover between 1911 and 1934. The academy admitted more Jewish students but capped their numbers at roughly 5% of the student body. Andover
13800-425: Was open to women from its founding in 1855, and graduated its first female student in 1869. Cornell University and the University of Michigan each admitted their first female students in 1870. Around the same time, single-sex women's colleges were also appearing. According to Irene Harwarth, Mindi Maline, and Elizabeth DeBra: " women's colleges were founded during the mid- and late-19th century in response to
13920-604: Was previously the president of Grinnell College in Iowa. The previous Head of School was law professor (and 1990 Exeter graduate) John Palfrey , who left Andover to take over the MacArthur Foundation . The academy is supervised by a board of trustees, all of whom are alumni except the Head of School. It is accredited by the New England Association of Schools and Colleges . Phillips Academy
14040-579: Was the first college to admit both women and African Americans as students. Women were not admitted to the baccalaureate program, which granted bachelor's degrees, until 1837; prior to that, they received diplomas from what was called the Ladies' Course. The initial 1837 students were Caroline Mary Rudd, Elizabeth Prall, Mary Hosford, and Mary Fletcher Kellogg. The early success and achievement of women at Oberlin College persuaded many early women's rights leaders that coeducation would soon be accepted throughout
14160-1039: Was the first mixed-sex secondary school in Hong Kong . It was founded in 1915 as St. Paul's Girls' College. At the end of World War II , it was temporarily merged with St. Paul's College , which is a boys' school. When classes at the campus of St. Paul's College were resumed, it continued to be mixed and changed to its present name. Some other renowned mixed-sex secondary schools in town include Hong Kong Pui Ching Middle School, Queen Elizabeth School , and Tsuen Wan Government Secondary School . Most Hong Kong primary and secondary schools are mixed-sex, including government public schools, charter schools, and private schools. Mongolia's first co-educational school, named Third School, opened in Ulaanbaatar on November 2, 1921. Subsequent schools have been co-educational and there are no longer any single-sex schools in Mongolia. Pakistan
14280-442: Was the graduate-only Nuffield College in 1937; the first five undergraduate colleges ( Brasenose , Hertford , Jesus , St Catherine's , and Wadham ) became mixed in 1974. The first mixed Cambridge college was the graduate-only Darwin from its foundation in 1964. Churchill , Clare , and King's Colleges were the first previously all-male colleges of the University of Cambridge to admit female undergraduates in 1972. Magdalene
14400-492: Was the last all-male college to become mixed in 1988. The last women's college in Oxford, St Hilda's , became mixed as of Michaelmas term 2008. Two colleges remain single-sex (women-only) at Cambridge: Murray Edwards (New Hall) and Newnham . The oldest extant mixed-sex institute of higher education in the United States is Oberlin College in Oberlin, Ohio , which was established in 1833. Mixed-sex classes were admitted to
#552447