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76-423: La Batalla (English: The Battle ) is the second studio album by Dominican singer Antony Santos . It was released in 1992 by Platano Records and RM Records. This album included famous songs like the merengues "El Baile Del Perrito" and "Yo Me Muero Por Ti". Also, bachatas like "Florecita Blanca", Vengo De Alla, and "Antologia De Caricias", which is a cover of a song from Altamira Banda Show, and Ay Mujer, which

152-501: A 2017 estimate from the Dominican government, Dominican Republic had a population of 10,189,895, of which 847,979 were immigrants or descendants of recent immigrants and 9,341,916 were ethnic Dominicans . In the twentieth century, many Chinese , Arabs (primarily from Lebanon and Syria ), Japanese and to a lesser degree Koreans settled in the country, working as agricultural laborers and merchants. Waves of Chinese immigrants,

228-558: A Catholic. The name Enriquillo, "little Enrique," was probably due to his age at the time of the baptism. The salt water lake Lake Enriquillo in the Dominican province of Baoruco was named after him. Looking out over it is the Trono de Enriquillo , where he is said to have camped during the rebellion. The highest rank of the Asociación de Scouts Dominicanos was formerly named after him. A new genus of lizard , Guarocuyus ,

304-475: A Spanish educational model, with English and French being taught as secondary languages in both private and public schools. Haitian Creole is spoken by the population of Haitian descent. There is a community of about 8,000 speakers of Samaná English in the Samaná Peninsula. They are the descendants of formerly-enslaved African Americans who arrived in the 19th century. Tourism, American pop culture,

380-519: A blend of cultures—Spanish, African, and indigenous—which would form the basis of national identity for Dominicans. It is estimated that the population of the colony in 1777 was 400,000, of which 100,000 were European, 70,000 African, 100,000 European/indigenous mestizo , 60,000 African/indigenous mestizo, and 70,000 African/European . Dominican privateers in the service of the Spanish Crown captured British, Dutch, French and Danish ships in

456-554: A great deal of popularity in the country. During the late 1960s Dominican musicians like Johnny Pacheco , creator of the Fania All Stars played a significant role in the development and popularization of the genre. Historically, the painting of this time were centered around images connected to national independence, historical scenes, portraits but also landscapes and images of still life. Styles of painting ranged between neoclassicism and romanticism . Between 1920 and 1940

532-476: A relative or parent. For example, a child would say "Bless me, mother", and the mother would reply "May God bless you". The nation has two patroness saints: Nuestra Señora de la Altagracia (Our Lady Of High Grace) is the patroness of the Dominican people, and Nuestra Señora de las Mercedes (Our Lady Of Mercy) is the patroness of the Dominican Republic. The Catholic Church began to lose popularity in

608-528: A time on the island. Within a few years after the 1492 arrival, the population of Taínos had declined drastically, due to smallpox, measles, and other diseases that arrived with the Europeans. Census records from 1514 reveal that at least 40% of Spanish men in Santo Domingo were married to Taino women, and many present-day Dominicans have significant Taíno ancestry. Christopher Columbus arrived on

684-510: Is a cover of Juan Luis Guerra 's song from his 1987 album, Mientras Más Lo Pienso...Tú . All tracks are written by Antony Santos, except where noted This Latin music album-related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . People of the Dominican Republic The Dominican ethnic group was born out of a fusion of European (mainly Spanish), native Taino, and African elements, this

760-508: Is a fusion that goes as far back as the 1500s. Due to this fusion, all Dominicans are of mixed-race heritage, tracing roots mainly to these three sources, the vast majority being evenly mixed, and smaller numbers being predominantly European or African. The demonym Dominican is derived from Santo Domingo (Spanish equivalent Saint Dominic ) and directly inherited from the name of the Captaincy General of Santo Domingo , which

836-751: Is a main ingredient in quipes or tipili (bulgur salad). Other favorite Dominican dishes include chicharrón , yuca , casabe , and pastelitos ( empanadas ), batata , pasteles en hoja , (ground-roots pockets) chimichurris , plátanos maduros (ripe plantain), and tostones . Some treats Dominicans enjoy are arroz con dulce (or arroz con leche ), bizcocho dominicano (lit. Dominican cake), habichuelas con dulce (sweet creamed beans), flan , frío frío (snow cones), dulce de leche , and caña ( sugarcane ). The beverages Dominicans enjoy include Morir Soñando , rum , beer , Mama Juana , batida (smoothie), jugos naturales (freshly squeezed fruit juices), mabí , and coffee. Musically,

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912-447: Is generally the largest and most important meal of the day. Lunch usually consists of rice, some type of meat (chicken, beef, pork, or fish), beans, plantains, and a side portion of salad. "La Bandera" (literally, The Flag), the most popular lunch dish, consists of meat and red beans on white rice. There is a famous soup "Sancocho" a typical national soup made with seven kinds of variety of meats. Dominican cuisine usually accommodates all

988-636: The Captaincy General of Santo Domingo , the site of the first Spanish settlement in the Western Hemisphere . Majority of Dominicans primarily trace their origin to the Captaincy General's European settlers , with native Taino and African influences. The majority of Dominicans reside in the Dominican Republic, while there is also a large Dominican diaspora, mainly in the United States and Spain . The total population of

1064-651: The Caribbean Sea throughout the 18th century. Santo Domingo attained independence as the Dominican Republic in 1844 from the Haitian government, who tried to turn a Latin American country into becoming a pure black Caribbean country for 22 years of annexation by trying to force Dominicans to surrender their spanish language and the rest of their latin cultures. In 1861, the Dominicans voluntarily returned to

1140-537: The Spanish Empire , but two years later they launched a war that restored independence in 1865. A legacy of unsettled, mostly non-representative rule followed, capped by the dictatorship of Rafael Trujillo from 1930 to 1961. Trujillo's regime carried out killings of thousands of Haitians and committed crimes in the United States, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Venezuela, Guatemala, Costa Rica, and Mexico. Raids on

1216-445: The 1996 electoral roll, 82.5% of the adult population were Indio , 7.55% white, 4.13% black, and 2.3% mulatto. Other estimates puts the Dominican population at 60% mixed, 35% black, and 5% white. Other groups in the country include the descendants of West Asians —mostly Lebanese , Syrians and Palestinians . A smaller, yet significant presence of East Asians (primarily ethnic Chinese and Japanese ) can also be found throughout

1292-566: The Dominican Republic and 81,590 Dominicans with a Haitian parent. Other main sources of foreign-born population were Venezuela (25,872), the United States (10,016), Spain (7,592), Italy (3,713), China (3,069), Colombia (2,642), Puerto Rico (2,356), and Cuba (2,024). The first recorded person of Dominican descent to migrate to what is now known as the United States was sailor-turned-merchant Juan Rodriguez . He arrived on Manhattan in 1613 from his home in Santo Domingo , which makes him

1368-459: The Dominican Republic has moved steadily toward representative democracy. According to recent genealogical DNA studies of the Dominican population, the genetic makeup is predominantly European and Sub-Saharan African , with a lesser degree of Native American ancestry. The average DNA admixture of the founder Dominican population was 73% European, 10% Native, and 17% African, but due to the migration from Haiti and other Afro-Caribbean countries,

1444-643: The Dominican Republic in 2016 was estimated by the National Bureau of Statistics of the Dominican Republic at 10.2 million, with 9.3 million of those being natives of the country, and the rest being of foreign origin. Historically the Dominican Republic was known as Santo Domingo , the name of its present capital and its patron saint, Saint Dominic . Hence the residents were called "Dominicanos" (Dominicans). The revolutionaries named their newly independent country "La República Dominicana". It

1520-607: The Dominican Republic is known for the creation of the musical style called merengue , a type of lively, fast-paced rhythm and dance music consisting of a tempo of about 120 to 160 beats per minute (it varies wildly) based on musical elements like drums, brass, and chorded instruments, as well as some elements unique to the music style of the DR. It includes the use of the tambora (Dominican drum), accordion, and güira . Its syncopated beats use Latin percussion , brass instruments , bass , and piano or keyboard . Between 1937 and 1950

1596-506: The Dominican Republic's fashion week has become the most important event of its kind in all of the Caribbean and one of the fastest-growing fashion events in the entire Latin American fashion world. The country boasts one of the ten most important design schools in the region, La Escuela de Diseño de Altos de Chavón, which is making the country a key player in the world of fashion and design. World-famous fashion designer Oscar de la Renta

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1672-414: The Dominican Republic. Some of the Dominican Republic's important symbols are the flag , the coat of arms , and the national anthem, titled Himno Nacional . The flag has a large white cross that divides it into four quarters. Two quarters are red and two are blue. Red represents the blood shed by the liberators. Blue expresses God's protection over the nation. The white cross symbolizes the struggle of

1748-401: The Dominican government made a survey of immigrants in the country and found that there were: 329,281 Haitian-born ; 25,814 U. S. -born (excluding Puerto Rican-born); 7,062 Spanish -born; 6,083 Puerto Rican -born; 5,417 Venezuelan -born; 3,841 Cuban -born; 3,795 Italian -born; 3,606 Colombian -born; 2,043 French -born; 1,661 German -born; 1,484 Chinese-born ; among others. In

1824-554: The Juan Pablo Duarte Order of Merit and the Order of Cristóbal Colón. Baseball is by far the most popular sport in the Dominican Republic. After the United States, the Dominican Republic has the second-highest number of Major League Baseball (MLB) players. Some of these players have been regarded among the best in the game. Historically, the Dominican Republic has been linked to MLB since Ozzie Virgil Sr. became

1900-540: The King of Spain to commission Francisco de Barrionuevo to put an end, by means of negotiation or force, to the long conflict that unsettled the colony. Enrique del Bahoruco, as he was originally known, received Barrionuevo, in his first interview, bearing a letter from Carlos and, on Cabritos Island. Those agreements were never fully executed; the Cacique assumed a peaceful attitude from that moment on. He never came down from

1976-585: The Liberator became a place of pilgrimage by the natives and for this reason the Spaniards decided to build the church of Agua Santa in the community of Boya in the Province of Monte Plata over his tomb, to dislocate the true place of the sanctuary of such a leader. It is also stated that the Cacique died around 1536 of about 40 years of age. Most historians agree (see Sued Badillo and others) that Enriquillo

2052-582: The Native population was rapidly declining due to European diseases. Thirteen years of insurrection of the Bahoruco chieftain cost the Spanish monarchy more than 40,000 gold pesos. Assaults, fires, raids, death of Spaniards and a dangerous example for the slaves, who by the end of the 1520s numbered thousands in the southern part of the island, dedicated to the production of sugar cane. His style of fighting and

2128-503: The Spaniards. She was raped by a Spaniard named Valenzuela. When Enriquillo tried to take the issue to the Spanish courts, nothing could be done, since it was Doña Mencia's word against the Spaniard's word. This, according to some writers, was the tipping point for Enriquillo which led to his revolt in the Bahoruco mountains. Several revolts followed in the first half of the 16th century; the most famous began in 1519. Enriquillo, one of

2204-492: The Spanish in Jaragua. During the talks, Spanish soldiers ambushed the chieftains, also known as caciques, set the meeting house on fire, and then proceeded to kill anyone who fled the flames (causing his father's death). Enriquillo, an orphan, was later raised in a Santo Domingo monastery and given the name of "Enrico". One of his mentors was Bartolomé de las Casas . De las Casas was a Spanish Roman Catholic Priest focused on

2280-511: The United States, mostly on the East Coast , during the 1980s and 90s, when many Dominican artists, among them Victor Roque y La Gran Manzana, Henry Hierro, Zacarias Ferraira, Aventura, Milly, and Jocelyn Y Los Vecinos, residing in the U.S. (particularly New York City ) started performing in the Latin club scene and gained radio airplay. The emergence of bachata , c along with an increase in

2356-616: The aborigines of the Canary Islands (commonly called Guanches ). These types of genes have also been detected in Puerto Rico . Dominican Republic employs the jus sanguinis nationality law principle, unlike majority of other countries in the Americas. Therefore, citizenship is inherited through at least one parent or legal guardian who is a Dominican citizens or alternatively by invoking and proving one's ancestral link to

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2432-405: The art scene was influenced by styles of realism and impressionism . Dominican artists were focused on breaking from previous, academic styles in order to develop more independent and individual styles. The artists of the times were Celeste Woss y Gil (1890–1985), Jaime Colson (1901–1975), Yoryi O. Morel (1906–1979) and Darío Suro (1917–1997). Between 1950 and 1970 Dominican art expressed

2508-644: The cities of San Pedro de Macorís and Puerto Plata , they have a population of 28,000. There is an increasing number of Puerto Rican immigrants in and around Santo Domingo ; they are believed to number at about 10,000. Before and during World War II 800 Jewish refugees moved to the Dominican Republic, and many of their descendants live in the town of Sosúa . Nationwide, there are an estimated 100 Jews left. 82,000 Americans (in 1999), 40,000 Italians, 1,900 French, and 800 Germans. The 2010 Census registered 311,969 Haitians; 24,457 Americans; 6,691 Spaniards; 5,763 Puerto Ricans; and 5,132 Venezuelans. In 2012,

2584-627: The city of Sosúa . It has remained the center of the Jewish population since. Dominican cuisine is predominantly made up of a combination of Spanish, Native American, and African influences over the last few centuries. The typical cuisine is quite similar to what can be found in other Latin American countries, but many of the names of dishes are different. One breakfast dish consists of eggs and mangú (mashed, boiled plantain ). For heartier versions, these are accompanied by deep-fried meat (typically Dominican salami) and/or cheese. Similarly to Spain, lunch

2660-439: The country, but more importantly have family roots in the country going back several generations and descend from a mix of varying degrees of Spanish, Taino, and African, the three principal foundational roots of Dominican Republic. Nearly all Dominicans are mixed race, with 75% being "visibly" and "evenly" mixed , and the remaining 25% being predominantly of African or European blood but still with notable admixture. According to

2736-440: The country. This means that being a Dominican citizen and being an ethnic Dominican is not always interchangeable, as the former implies citizenship that one can receive moving from any country in the world to Dominican Republic, while the latter implies a people tied by ancestry and culture. Ethnic Dominicans are people who are not only born in Dominican Republic (and have legal status) or born abroad with ancestral roots in

2812-429: The current overall admixture is 50%-60% European, 8%-12% Native and 30%-40% African. Responses for the 2022 census population of 12 years old and above. National Statistics Office . A previous survey published in 2021, shows similar results with 74% of Dominicans self-identified as mixed ( Indio 45%, mulatto / moreno 25%, mestizo / jabao 2%), 18% as white , 8% black , and 0.5% as "other". Previously, in

2888-513: The early 1980s, unemployment, inflation, and the rise in the value of the dollar all contributed to the third and largest wave of emigration from the island nation, this time mostly from the lower-class. Today, emigration from the Dominican Republic remains high, facilitated by the social networks of now-established Dominican communities in the United States. Besides the United States, significant numbers of Dominicans have also settled in Spain and in

2964-514: The few remaining caciques, or indigenous chiefs, started the revolt with a large number of Taínos from the mountain range of Bahoruco . The Tainos were able to continue the rebellion because of their better knowledge of the region. As the Spaniards were not able to control the rebellion, a treaty was signed granting to the Native population among others the right of Freedom and of Possession . It had little consequences, however, as by this time

3040-715: The first Dominican to play in the league. Juan Marichal is the first Dominican-born player in the Baseball Hall of Fame . Olympic gold medalist and world champion over 400 m hurdles Félix Sánchez hails from the Dominican Republic, as does current defensive end for the San Diego Chargers ( National Football League [NFL]), Luis Castillo . Castillo was the cover athlete for the Spanish language version of Madden NFL 08 . Notes : Enriquillo Enrique (1498-1535), best known as Enriquillo ,

3116-638: The first non- Native American person to spend substantial time in the island. He also became the first Dominican, the first Latino , first Caribbean and the first person with European (specifically Portuguese ) and African ancestry to settle in what is present day New York City . Dominican emigration to the United States continued throughout the centuries. Recent research from the CUNY Dominican Studies Institute has documented some 5,000 Dominican emigrants who were processed through Ellis Island between 1892 and 1924. During

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3192-589: The first recorded Europeans to encounter the Taíno people. Columbus described the native Taínos as a physically tall and well-proportioned people, with a noble character. After initially amicable relationships, the Taínos fought against the conquest, led by the female Chief Anacaona of Xaragua and her ex-husband Chief Caonabo of Maguana, as well as Chiefs Guacanagaríx , Guamá , Hatuey , and Enriquillo . The latter's successes gained his people an autonomous enclave for

3268-699: The flags in the world, the depiction of a Bible is unique to the Dominican flag. The national flower is the Bayahibe Rose and the national tree is the West Indian Mahogany . The national bird is the Cigua Palmera or Palmchat ("Dulus dominicus"). Spanish is the predominant language in the Dominican Republic ; the local dialect is called Dominican Spanish , it closely resembles Canarian Spanish , Andalusian Spanish , and has influences from Arawak languages. Schools are based on

3344-420: The food groups, incorporating meat or seafood; rice, potatoes, or plantains; and is accompanied by some other type of vegetable or salad. However, meals usually heavily favor starches and meats over dairy products and vegetables. Many dishes are made with sofrito , which is a mix of local herbs and spices sautéed to bring out all of the dish's flavors. Throughout the south-central coast, bulgur , or whole wheat,

3420-399: The indigenous Taíno of the large island Columbus called Hispaniola did not last more than a few days. The Taínos were forced into terrible conditions as laborers in gold mining operations, badly housed in the mountains, poorly fed, extremely overworked, and forced to live in close quarters with the Spaniards. Additionally, due to taking men away from the villages, the cycle of food production

3496-563: The influence of Dominican Americans, and the country's economic ties with the United States motivate other Dominicans to learn English. The Dominican Republic is 80% Christian, including 57% Roman Catholic and 23% Protestant . Recent but small scale immigration, as well as proselytizing, has brought other religions, with the following shares of the population: Spiritist : 1.2%, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints : 1.1%, Buddhist: 0.10%, Baháʼí : 0.1%, Islam: 0.02%, Judaism: 0.01%, Chinese folk religion : 0.1%. Roman Catholicism

3572-468: The island in December 5, 1492, during the first of his four voyages to the Americas. He claimed the land for Spain and named it La Española due to its diverse climate and terrain which reminded him of the Spanish landscape . In 1496, Bartholomew Columbus , Christopher's brother, built the city of Santo Domingo , Western Europe's first permanent colonization in the " New World ." The colony thus became

3648-403: The island. In 1965, the United States began a military occupation of the Dominican Republic and eased travel restrictions, making it easier for Dominicans to obtain American visas. From 1966 to 1978, the exodus continued, fueled by high unemployment and political repression. Communities established by the first wave of immigrants to the U.S. created a network that assisted subsequent arrivals. In

3724-507: The late nineteenth century. This was due to a lack of funding, of priests, and of support programs. During the same time, the Protestant evangelical movement began to gain support. Religious tension between Catholics and Protestants in the country has been rare. There have always been religious freedom throughout the entire country. Not until the 1950s were restrictions placed upon churches by Trujillo. Letters of protest were sent against

3800-655: The latter ones fleeing the Chinese Communist People's Liberation Army (PLA), arrived and worked in mines and building railroads. The current Chinese Dominican population totals 50,000 (2010 year). The Arab community is also rising at an increasing rate. In addition, there are descendants of immigrants who came from other Caribbean islands, including Saint Kitts and Nevis , Dominica , Antigua , St. Vincent , Montserrat , Tortola , St. Croix , St. Thomas , Martinique , and Guadeloupe . They worked on sugarcane plantations and docks and settled mainly in

3876-419: The liberators to bequeath future generations a free nation. An alternative interpretation is that blue represents the ideals of progress and liberty, whereas white symbolizes peace and unity among Dominicans. In the center of the cross is the Dominican coat of arms, in the same colors as the national flag. The coat of arms pictures a red, white, and blue flag-draped shield with a Bible, a gold cross, and arrows;

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3952-414: The mass arrests of government adversaries. Trujillo began a campaign against the church and planned to arrest priests and bishops who preached against the government. This campaign ended before it was even put into place, with his assassination. Judaism appeared in the Dominican Republic in the late 1930s. During World War II, a group of Jews escaping Nazi Germany fled to the Dominican Republic and founded

4028-487: The merengue music was promoted internationally, by some Dominicans groups like, Billo's Caracas Boys, Chapuseaux and Damiron Los Reyes del Merengue, Joseito Mateo and others. Later on it was more popularized via television, radio and international media, well-known merengue singers include singer/songwriter Juan Luis Guerra , Fernando Villalona , Eddy Herrera , Sergio Vargas , Toño Rosario , Johnny Ventura , and Milly Quezada and Chichí Peralta . Merengue became popular in

4104-463: The method that he applied of irregular warfare and his cunning, patience and prudence; the efficient information and supply service that he organized in the region, in the high mountains of the Sierra, made him feared by the Spaniards . A true military leader, a great captain, capable of facing and defeating the representatives of the most powerful nation in the world at that time. Their resistance forced

4180-567: The middle of the 18th century, the population was bolstered by European emigration from the Canary Islands , resettling the northern part of the colony and planting tobacco in the Cibao Valley , and importation of slaves was renewed. After 1700, with the arrival of new Spanish colonists, the African holocaust resumed. However, as industry moved from sugar to cattle ranching, racial and caste divisions became less important, eventually leading to

4256-533: The modern day Dominican Republic for his resistance in favor of the indigenous peoples. Dominican friar Bartolomé de las Casas , who documented and rallied against Spanish abuse of the native peoples, wrote sympathetically of Enriquillo. Enriquillo was born on the shores of Lake Jaragua (currently Lake Enriquillo in Dominican Republic ), around 1500. He was a part of the Taíno people, who had an advanced government, cultural traditions, and agricultural practices. Good relations between Christopher Columbus and

4332-469: The mountains and although there is talk of a visit to Santo Domingo accompanied by his wife, nothing confirms that fact. By the success of his negotiations, he became the “Liberator of the Quisqueyanos”. According to sources, the chief Enriquillo settled in the area that is today the province of Monte Plata , and lived in the town of Boya, now known as Sabana Grande de Boya, where he died. The tomb of

4408-424: The national treasury enabled Trujillo to amass a net worth of 800 million dollars (5.3 billion dollars today). It has been estimated that Trujillo's tyrannical rule was responsible for the death of more than 50,000 Dominicans. The Dominican Civil War of 1965 was ended by a United States-led intervention , and was followed by the authoritarian rule of Joaquín Balaguer , the leader from 1966 to 1978. Since that time,

4484-620: The nearby U.S. territory of Puerto Rico . The culture of the Dominican Republic, like its Caribbean neighbors, is a blend of the cultures of the European settlers, African slaves and settlers, and Taíno natives. Spanish is the official language. Other languages, such as English, French, German, Italian, and Chinese are also spoken to varying degrees. European, African, and Taíno cultural elements are most prominent in food, family structure, religion, and music. Many Arawak/Taíno names and words are used in daily conversation and for many foods native to

4560-501: The number of Dominicans living among other Latino groups in New York, New Jersey , and Florida have contributed to Dominican music's overall growth in popularity. Bachata , a form of music and dance that originated in the countryside and rural marginal neighborhoods of the Dominican Republic, has become quite popular in recent years. Its subjects are often romantic; especially prevalent are tales of heartbreak and sadness. In fact,

4636-403: The original name for the genre was amargue ("bitterness", or "bitter music", or blues music), until the rather ambiguous (and mood-neutral) term bachata became popular. Bachata grew out of and is still closely related to, the pan-Latin American romantic style called bolero . Over time, it has been influenced by merengue and by a variety of Latin American guitar styles. Salsa music has had

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4712-531: The population. Dominicans are also composed of Sephardic Jews that were exiled from Spain and the Mediterranean area in 1492 and 1497, coupled with other migrations dating to the 1700s and during the Second World War contribute to Dominican ancestry. In recent times, Dominican and Puerto Rican researchers identified in the current Dominican population the presence of genes belonging to

4788-431: The rights of Native Americans. Enriquillo owned a steed and could read and write Castilian. He was aware of his privileges or rights as a subject of the colony and was still recognized as a chief or nitaíno by the other indigenous people. For this reason, he served as a foreman for the encomendero. Enriquillo also had a wife, called Mencía, later with the noble title Doña due to Enriquillo's high standing and relations with

4864-517: The second half of 2017, a second survey of foreign population was conducted in the Dominican Republic. The total population in the Dominican Republic was estimated at 10,189,895, of which 9,341,916 were Dominicans with no foreign background. According to the survey, the majority of the people with foreign background were of Haitian origin (751,080 out of 847,979, or 88.6%), breaking down as follows: 497,825 were Haitians born in Haiti, 171,859 Haitians born in

4940-474: The second half of the twentieth century, there were three significant waves of immigration to the United States . The first period began in 1961, when a coalition of high-ranking Dominicans, with assistance from the CIA , assassinated General Rafael Trujillo , the nation's military dictator. In the wake of his death, fear of retaliation by Trujillo's allies, and political uncertainty in general, spurred migration from

5016-480: The shield is surrounded by an olive branch (on the left) and a palm branch (on the right). The Bible traditionally represents the truth and the light. The gold cross symbolizes the redemption from slavery, and the arrows symbolize the noble soldiers and their proud military. A blue ribbon above the shield reads, "Dios, Patria, Libertad" (meaning "God, Fatherland, Liberty"). A red ribbon under the shield reads, "República Dominicana" (meaning "Dominican Republic"). Out of all

5092-563: The social and political conditions of the time. A need for a renewal of the image language emerged and, as a result, paintings were created in non-figurative, abstract, geometric and cubistic styles. The most notable artists included Paul Giudicelli (1921–1965), Clara Ledesma (1924–1999), Gilberto Hernandez Ortega (1924–1979), Gaspar Mario Cruz (1925–2006), Luichy M. Richiez (1928–2000), Eligio Pichardo (1929–1984), Domingo Liz (b. 1931), Silvano Lora (1934–2003), Cándido Bidó (1936–2011) and José Ramírez Conde (1940–1987). In only seven years,

5168-573: The springboard for the further Spanish conquest of America and for decades the headquarters of Spanish colonial power in the hemisphere. In 1501, the colony began to import African slaves. In 1697, after decades of armed struggles with the French, Spain ceded the western coast of the island to France with the Treaty of Ryswick , whilst the Central Plateau remained under Spanish domain. By

5244-402: Was a Taíno cacique who rebelled against the Spaniards between 1519 and 1533. Enriquillo's rebellion is the best known rebellion of the early Caribbean period. He was born on the shores of Lake Jaragua (today Lake Enriquillo ) and was part of the royal family of Jaragua. Enriquillo's aunt Anacaona was Queen of Jaragua, and his father Magiocatex was the crown prince. He is considered a hero in

5320-817: Was born in the Dominican Republic in 1932 and became a US citizen in 1971. He studied under the leading Spaniard designer Cristóbal Balenciaga and then worked with the house of Lanvin in Paris. Then by 1963, de la Renta had designs carrying his own label. After establishing himself in the US, de la Renta opened boutiques across the country. His work blends French and Spaniard fashion with American styles. Although he settled in New York, de la Renta also marketed his work in Latin America, where it became very popular, and remained active in his native Dominican Republic, where his charitable activities and personal achievements earned him

5396-445: Was captured and hanged, while Enriquillo succeeded in his revolt. Most historians believe both rebels were the same person, arguing that the tales of Guarocuya's demise are identical to the more verifiable accounts of the capture and execution of his aunt Anacaona. It is also well documented that the character of Enriquillo was married to Mencía, the mestiza granddaughter of Anacaona. His name, Enriquillo, would come after his baptism as

5472-481: Was disrupted, causing widespread malnutrition. This malnutrition further aided the Taínos' vulnerability to deadly new types of diseases introduced by the foreigners. After Columbus tortured and killed many in his quest for gold, he turned to slavery and sugar cane plantations as a way to profit from his voyages. Enriquillo's father, his aunt Anacaona , and eighty other regional chieftains were killed by Nicolás de Ovando while attending supposed "peace talks" with

5548-557: Was introduced by Columbus and Spanish missionaries. Religion was not really the foundation of their entire society, as it was in other parts of the world at the time, and most of the population did not attend church on a regular basis. Nonetheless, most of the education in the country was based upon the Catholic religion, as the Bible was required in the curricula of all public schools. Children would use religious-based dialogue when greeting

5624-658: Was often referred to as the "Republic of San Domingo" in English language 19th century publications. Prior to European colonization, the inhabitants of the island were the Arawakan-speaking Taíno , a seafaring people who moved into Hispaniola from the north-east region of South America, displacing earlier inhabitants, c. AD 650. The native Tainos divided the island into several chiefdoms and engaged in farming, fishing, as well as hunting, and gathering. The Spaniards arrived in 1492. Columbus and his crew were

5700-410: Was synonymous with the island of Hispaniola as a whole and centered in the city of Santo Domingo , the capital of modern Dominican Republic. Recent immigrants and their children, who are legal citizens of the Dominican Republic, can be considered "Dominican" by nationality but not ethnicity due to not having ancestral roots in the country. "Dominican" was historically the name for the inhabitants of

5776-420: Was the same person as the cacique Guarocuya which would mean that Enriquillo belonged to the highest house of the Jaragua cacicazgo . Guarocuya was the nephew of Anacaona , sister to the cacique of Jaragua Bohechío and his eventual successor once Bohechío was killed. Anacaona was married to Caonabo , who was the cacique of the neighboring Maguana kingdom. A minority of historians, however, claim that Guarocuya

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