The subarctic climate (also called subpolar climate , or boreal climate ) is a continental climate with long, cold (often very cold) winters, and short, warm to cool summers. It is found on large landmasses, often away from the moderating effects of an ocean, generally at latitudes from 50°N to 70°N, poleward of the humid continental climates . Like other Class D climates, they are rare in the Southern Hemisphere, only found at some isolated highland elevations. Subarctic or boreal climates are the source regions for the cold air that affects temperate latitudes to the south in winter. These climates represent Köppen climate classification Dfc , Dwc , Dsc , Dfd , Dwd and Dsd .
53-631: La Ronge is a northern town in the boreal forest of Saskatchewan , Canada. The town is also the namesake of the larger La Ronge population centre, the largest in northern Saskatchewan, comprising the Northern Village of Air Ronge , and the Kitsakie 156B and Lac La Ronge 156 reserves of the Lac La Ronge First Nation . The town is located approximately 250 km (160 mi) north of Prince Albert and lies on
106-470: A borderline (warm-summer) humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb ; Trewartha Dc )—prior to the 1991–2020 normals, it experienced a continental subarctic climate (Köppen Dfc ; Trewartha Ec ). Winters are long, dry and very cold while summer is short, warm and wetter. Precipitation is fairly low, with an annual average of 513.6 millimetres (20.22 in). The highest temperature ever recorded in La Ronge
159-625: A city in accordance with section 39 of The Cities Act . Should a town's population decline to less than 500, its council may request its status be reverted to village or resort village status. Saskatchewan has 147 towns that had a cumulative population of 145,995 in the 2021 Census. Saskatchewan's largest and smallest towns are Nipawin and Fleming with populations of 4,570 and 70. The largest and smallest town by land area are Battleford and Francis with 23.26 km (8.98 sq mi) and 0.62 km (0.24 sq mi). Towns, villages, and resort villages are all governed by
212-412: A council of six councillors and a mayor, although the council may vary the number of councillors to any even number that is at least two. A council may designate a person under the age of 18 years a "youth member" to participate in its session, but such a member is not a councillor and may not vote. A city may by bylaw be divided into wards to elect its council. The mayor presides over the council as
265-399: A council with a mayor and two councillors, although they may vary that number to any even number at least two unless they are divided into wards. A village can be created from an organized hamlet by Saskatchewan's Minister of Municipal Relations by ministerial order via section 51 of The Municipalities Act if it meets four requirements. It must have: Upon reaching a population of 500,
318-624: A cumulative population of 6,578 in the 2021 Census. Saskatchewan's largest resort village by population is Candle Lake with 1,160 inhabitants while the smallest is Sunset Cove with a population of 21. The largest and smallest resort municipalities by land area are Candle Lake and Greig Lake with 62.93 km (24.30 sq mi) and 0.010 km (0.0039 sq mi). A rural municipality (RM) can be created by Saskatchewan's Minister of Municipal Relations by ministerial order via section 49 of The Municipalities Act . Saskatchewan has 296 rural municipalities, which are located in
371-619: A dry winter, are found in parts of East Asia, like China, where the Siberian High makes the winters colder than places like Scandinavia or Alaska interior but extremely dry (typically with around 5 millimeters (0.20 in) of rainfall equivalent per month), meaning that winter snow cover is very limited. The Dwc climate can be found in: In the Southern Hemisphere, small pockets of the Lesotho Highlands and
424-444: A major tourist fishing area. The highway between La Ronge and Prince Albert expanded the community further in the 1970s after it was paved. In the early 1950s and 1960s, the mineral resources in the La Ronge area began to be explored and developed. La Ronge's status changed from northern village to industrial town in 1965 and then to town on 1 November 1976 before finally becoming a northern town on 1 October 1983. In May 1999,
477-431: A member and is ex officio a member of every committee of the council unless the council determines otherwise. A town can be created from a village or resort village by Saskatchewan's Minister of Municipal Relations by ministerial order via section 52 of The Municipalities Act if it has a population of 500 or more. Upon reaching a population of 5,000, a town's council may request the minister to change its status to
530-633: A population density of 150.9/km (390.7/sq mi) in 2021. The La Ronge population centre, the fourteenth largest population centre in the province, comprises four adjoining census subdivisions including the Northern Town of La Ronge, the Northern Village of Air Ronge and the Kitsakie 156B and Lac La Ronge 156 Indian reserves of the Lac La Ronge First Nation. In the 2016 Census, Statistics Canada reported that
583-438: A population of 5,000 or more and the change in status is requested by the town council. A city does not automatically revert to town status if the population drops below 5,000; this only occurs if the city council requests it, the majority of electors vote to revert to town status, or the minister is of the opinion that the reversion to town status is in the public interest. Melville retains its city status despite dropping below
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#1732801803540636-483: A quarrel with his associate Peter Pond . La Ronge began in 1904 as a fur trading post and meeting place, but with the decline of hunting and the fur market, La Ronge has diversified into other areas. Many of the Dene , Cree , and white trappers used La Ronge as their central service point. It incorporated as a northern village on 3 May 1905. With the extension of Highway 2 from Prince Albert in 1947, La Ronge became
689-469: A subarctic climate, receives an average rain-equivalent of 101.91 inches (2,588.5 mm) of precipitation per year. Coastal areas of Khabarovsk Krai also have much higher precipitation in summer due to orographic influences (up to 175 millimetres (6.9 in) in July in some areas), whilst the mountainous Kamchatka peninsula and Sakhalin island are even wetter, since orographic moisture isn't confined to
742-654: A third term after a failed bid to land himself a seat as a Saskatchewan MLA with the Saskatchewan Party in the April 2016 election. There are two high schools and three elementary schools in La Ronge and Air Ronge. High schools include Churchill Community High School and / Senator Myles Venne High School . Elementary schools in La Ronge and Air Ronge include Pre-cam Community School, Gordon Denny Community School, and Bells Point Elementary School. Northlands College maintains its main campus in La Ronge and took over
795-602: A village's council may request the minister to change its status to a town in accordance with section 52 of The Municipalities Act . Saskatchewan has 250 villages that had a cumulative population of 40,447 in the 2021 Census. Saskatchewan's largest village is Caronport with a population of 1,033, while Krydor , and Waldron are all tied as the province's smallest villages with populations of 15 each. The largest and smallest villages by land area are Christopher Lake and Minton with 4.59 km (1.77 sq mi) and 0.25 km (0.097 sq mi). Like
848-426: A village, a resort village can be created from an organized hamlet by Saskatchewan's Minister of Municipal Relations by ministerial order via section 51 of The Municipalities Act if it has: Upon reaching a population of 500, a resort village's council may request the minister to change its status to a town in accordance with section 52 of The Municipalities Act . Saskatchewan has 41 resort villages that had
901-668: Is also home to the La Ronge Ice Wolves ice hockey team of the Saskatchewan Junior Hockey League , La Ronge minor hockey association and the La Ronge Crushers men's hockey league and the La Ronge women's hockey league. La Ronge also has a minor baseball program with many teams and age groups. La Ronge is home to an 8 team Ladies Slopitch League - JRMCC Ladies Slopitch ( slow-pitch softball ). The Churchill Community High School and
954-507: Is excessive. The frost-free season is very short, varying from about 45 to 100 days at most, and a freeze can occur anytime outside the summer months in many areas. The first D indicates continentality, with the coldest month below 0 °C (32 °F) (or −3 °C (27 °F)). The second letter denotes precipitation patterns: The third letter denotes temperature: Most subarctic climates have little precipitation, typically no more than 380 mm (15 in) over an entire year due to
1007-676: Is found in the following areas: Further north and east in Siberia, continentality increases so much that winters can be exceptionally severe, averaging below −38 °C (−36 °F), even though the hottest month still averages more than 10 °C (50 °F). This creates Dfd climates, which are mostly found in the Sakha Republic : In the Southern Hemisphere , the Dfc climate is found only in small, isolated pockets in
1060-522: Is responsible for providing provincial programs and services to municipalities. In 2021, just over 43% of Saskatchewan's population resided in its two largest cities. Saskatoon , the largest city, is home to 24% of the province's population (266,141 residents), while Regina , Saskatchewan's capital city, is home to 20% (226,404 residents). The resort villages of Krydor and Waldron are tied as Saskatchewan's smallest municipalities by population with 15 people each. The largest municipality by land area
1113-633: Is the Rural Municipality of Hudson Bay No. 394 at 12,399.12 km (4,787.33 sq mi), while the smallest by land area is the Resort Village of Greig Lake at 0.10 km (0.039 sq mi). As of 2020, Saskatchewan has 454 urban municipalities, which includes the sub-types of cities, towns, villages and resort villages. A city can be created from a town by Saskatchewan's Minister of Municipal Relations by ministerial order via section 39 of The Cities Act if it has
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#17328018035401166-453: Is the fifth-largest in land area at 588,244 km (227,122 sq mi). In 2021, Saskatchewan's 774 municipalities covered 52.1% of the province's land mass and were home to 94.9% of its population. These 774 municipalities are local government "creatures of provincial jurisdiction" with natural persons power. One of the key purposes of Saskatchewan's municipalities are "to provide services, facilities and other things that, in
1219-542: The Lieutenant Governor . Of Saskatchewan's 774 municipalities, 454 of them are urban municipalities (16 cities, 147 towns, 250 villages and 41 resort villages), 296 are rural municipalities and 24 are northern municipalities (2 northern towns, 11 northern villages and 11 northern hamlets). The Cities Act , The Municipalities Act and The Northern Municipalities Act stipulate governance of these municipalities. Saskatchewan's Ministry of Municipal Relations
1272-781: The Pacific Ocean , resulting in increased precipitation, especially during the winter months. This climate zone supports the presence of temperate rainforests, mostly on highest areas of the Valdivian rainforest in Chile and the subantarctic forest in Argentina. Climates classified as Dsc or Dsd , with a dry summer, are rare, occurring in very small areas at high elevation around the Mediterranean Basin , Iran , Kyrgyzstan , Tajikistan , Alaska and other parts of
1325-713: The Snowy Mountains of Australia , the Southern Alps of New Zealand , and the Lesotho Highlands . In South America , this climate occurs on the western slope of the central Andes in Chile and Argentina , where climatic conditions are notably more humid compared to the eastern slope. The presence of the Andes mountain range contributes to a wetter climate on the western slope by capturing moisture from
1378-667: The northwestern United States ( Eastern Washington , Eastern Oregon , Southern Idaho , California's Eastern Sierra ), the Russian Far East , Akureyri, Iceland , Seneca, Oregon , and Atlin, British Columbia . Turkey and Afghanistan are exceptions; Dsc climates are common in Northeast Anatolia , in the Taurus and Köroğlu Mountains , and the Central Afghan highlands . In the Southern Hemisphere,
1431-416: The subpolar oceanic climate , as the sea is approached where winter temperatures average near or above freezing despite maintaining the short, cool summers. In China and Mongolia, as one moves southwestwards or towards lower elevations, temperatures increase but precipitation is so low that the subarctic climate grades into a cold semi-arid climate . The Dfc climate, by far the most common subarctic type,
1484-732: The 5,000 population threshold in the 1990s. Saskatchewan has 16 cities including Lloydminster , which traverses the provincial border with Alberta . Unlike Lloydminster, Flin Flon , which traverses the provincial border with Manitoba , is not officially recognized as a city. Saskatchewan's 16 cities had a cumulative population of 689,475 in the 2021 Census . Saskatchewan's largest and smallest cities are Saskatoon and Melville with populations of 266,141 and 4,493. The largest and smallest city by land area are Saskatoon and Meadow Lake with 226.56 km (87.48 sq mi) and 12.37 km (4.78 sq mi). Cities are governed by
1537-823: The Dsc climate is present in South America as a subarctic climate influenced by Mediterranean characteristics, often considered a high-altitude variant of the Mediterranean climate. It is located on the eastern slopes of the central Argentine Andes and in some sections on the Chilean side. While there are no major settlements exhibiting this climate, several localities in the vicinity experience it, such as San Carlos de Bariloche , Villa La Angostura , San Martín de los Andes , Balmaceda , Punta de Vacas , and Termas del Flaco . Climates classified as Dwc or Dwd , with
1590-541: The La Ronge Airport making it difficult to fight the fire from air with smokey conditions and unreliable weather making the fight against the fires very difficult. In total there were over a hundred fires burning in Northern Saskatchewan at once which forced over 13,000 residents to flee their homes, resulting in the province's largest evacuation ever. The fires were caused by low precipitation in
1643-475: The La Ronge population centre had a population of 5,671 living in 1,704 of its 1,927 total dwellings, a +6.6% change from its 2011 population of 5,318. With a land area of 8.57 km (3.31 sq mi), it had a population density of 661.7/km (1,713.9/sq mi) in 2016. The following is a population breakdown of the La Ronge population centre by census subdivision. Several mining companies, government agencies, and airlines now keep offices in La Ronge, and
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1696-844: The Nortep / Norpac program after the Saskatchewan provincial government cut funding to the program in March 2017. La Ronge is connected to southern Saskatchewan by Highway 2, which continues north as Highway 102. La Ronge is served by the La Ronge (Barber Field) Airport and the La Ronge Water Aerodrome . List of municipalities in Saskatchewan Saskatchewan is the sixth-most populous Canadian province with 1,132,505 residents as of 2021 and
1749-759: The Senator Myles Venne High School both have many sports programs and partake in the Saskatchewan High School Athletic Association. There are many other sports available in the community including volleyball , broomball , curling and a women's hockey program. In 2009, La Ronge elected 21-year-old councillor Thomas Sierzycki as its mayor. This established La Ronge as having one of the youngest mayors in Canada. Sierzycki stayed in office for two terms up until October 2016 when he decided not to run for
1802-544: The central and southern portions of the province. The largest and smallest rural municipalities by population are the RM of Corman Park No. 344 and the RM of Glen McPherson No. 46 with 8,909 and 76. The largest and smallest rural municipalities by land area are the RM of Hudson Bay No. 394 and the RM of Hillsborough No. 132 with 12,399.12 km (4,787.33 sq mi) and 434.18 km (167.64 sq mi). Saskatchewan has 24 northern municipalities, which includes
1855-403: The chewed ) due to the abundant beaver population along the lake’s shoreline. Undoubtedly, many of the trees along the water’s edge would have been visibly chewed, or completely gnawed to the ground and taken away by the rodents for their dam construction . In 1782, Swiss born fur trader Jean-Étienne Waddens had a fur trade post on Lac La Ronge. In March 1782, Waddens was fatally wounded in
1908-430: The coldest month should average below 0 °C (32 °F) (or −3 °C (27 °F)). Record low temperatures can approach −70 °C (−94 °F). With 5–7 consecutive months when the average temperature is below freezing, all moisture in the soil and subsoil freezes solidly to depths of many feet. Summer warmth is insufficient to thaw more than a few surface feet, so permafrost prevails under most areas not near
1961-485: The community of La Ronge was evacuated after a fire burned through the far north of the town. The wildfire burned multiple houses before conditions pushed the fire away from the town and crews were able to extinguish it. Once again in July 2015, La Ronge was threatened by dangerous forest fires that combined forcing approximately 7,000 people to evacuate from their homes. Many cabins and homes were burnt. The fire came within 2 km of La Ronge and burned completely around
2014-559: The local Chamber of Commerce has many other retail and service businesses amongst its members. La Ronge Wild Rice Corporation processes freshly harvested wild rice (in August to October) from Northern Saskatchewan farmers. Tourism also brings in many of people to the La Ronge area. In the summer time, many people visit the Lac La Ronge Provincial Park which is Saskatchewan's largest Provincial Park. The community
2067-406: The long summer days at such latitudes do permit some agriculture. In some areas, ice has scoured rock surfaces bare, entirely stripping off the overburden. Elsewhere, rock basins have been formed and stream courses dammed, creating countless lakes. Should one go northward or even toward a polar sea, one finds that the warmest month has an average temperature of less than 10 °C (50 °F), and
2120-423: The long winters and make use of the short summers. Trees are mostly limited to conifers , as few broadleaved trees are able to survive the very low temperatures in winter. This type of forest is also known as taiga , a term which is sometimes applied to the climate found therein as well. Even though the diversity may be low, the area and numbers are high, and the taiga (boreal) forest is the largest forest biome on
2173-425: The low temperatures and evapotranspiration . Away from the coasts, precipitation occurs mostly in the summer months, while in coastal areas with subarctic climates the heaviest precipitation is usually during the autumn months when the relative warmth of sea vis-à-vis land is greatest. Low precipitation, by the standards of more temperate regions with longer summers and warmer winters, is typically sufficient in view of
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2226-418: The most extreme seasonal temperature variations found on the planet: in winter, temperatures can drop to below −50 °C (−58 °F) and in summer, the temperature may exceed 26 °C (79 °F). However, the summers are short; no more than three months of the year (but at least one month) must have a 24-hour average temperature of at least 10 °C (50 °F) to fall into this category of climate, and
2279-646: The opinion of council, are necessary or desirable for all or a part of the municipality". Other purposes are to: "provide good government"; "develop and maintain a safe and viable community"; "foster economic, social and environmental well-being" and "provide wise stewardship of public assets." The Government of Saskatchewan's Ministry of Municipal Relations recognizes three general types of municipalities and seven sub-types – urban municipalities (cities, towns, villages and resort villages ), rural municipalities and northern municipalities (northern towns, northern villages and northern hamlets). Cities are formed under
2332-460: The planet, with most of the forests located in Russia and Canada . The process by which plants become acclimated to cold temperatures is called hardening . Agricultural potential is generally poor, due to the natural infertility of soils and the prevalence of swamps and lakes left by departing ice sheets , and short growing seasons prohibit all but the hardiest of crops. Despite the short season,
2385-540: The provincial authority of The Cities Act , which was enacted in 2002. Towns, villages, resort villages and rural municipalities are formed under the authority of The Municipalities Act , enacted in 2005. The three sub-types of northern municipalities are formed under the authority of The Northern Municipalities Act , enacted in 2010. As provincial laws, these three acts were passed by the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan with royal assent granted by
2438-453: The southern boundary of this climate zone. Seasonal thaw penetrates from 2 to 14 ft (0.6 to 4.3 m), depending on latitude, aspect, and type of ground. Some northern areas with subarctic climates located near oceans (southern Alaska , northern Norway , Sakhalin Oblast and Kamchatka Oblast ), have milder winters and no permafrost, and are more suited for farming unless precipitation
2491-894: The sub-types of northern towns, northern villages and northern hamlets, that are located within the Northern Saskatchewan Administration District (NSAD). Administration of northern towns, northern villages and northern hamlets is regulated by The Northern Municipalities Act . Under this act: Saskatchewan has 2 northern towns, 11 northern villages and 11 northern hamlets. The largest and smallest northern municipalities by population are La Ronge (a northern town) and Michel Village (a northern hamlet) with 2,521 and 37. The largest and smallest northern municipalities by land area are Green Lake and Black Point with 121.18 km (46.79 sq mi) and 0.69 km (0.27 sq mi). Subarctic climate This type of climate offers some of
2544-403: The subarctic climate grades into a tundra climate not at all suitable for trees. Southward, this climate grades into the humid continental climates with longer summers (and usually less-severe winters) allowing broadleaf trees ; in a few locations close to a temperate sea (as in northern Norway and southern Alaska ), this climate can grade into a short-summer version of an oceanic climate ,
2597-428: The very low evapotranspiration to allow a water-logged terrain in many areas of subarctic climate and to permit snow cover during winter, which is generally persistent for an extended period. A notable exception to this pattern is that subarctic climates occurring at high elevations in otherwise temperate regions have extremely high precipitation due to orographic lift . Mount Washington , with temperatures typical of
2650-519: The warmer months and creates large glaciers in Kamchatka. Labrador , in eastern Canada, is similarly wet throughout the year due to the semi-permanent Icelandic Low and can receive up to 1,300 millimetres (51 in) of rainfall equivalent per year, creating a snow cover of up to 1.5 metres (59 in) that does not melt until June. Vegetation in regions with subarctic climates is generally of low diversity, as only hardy tree species can survive
2703-484: The western shore of Lac la Ronge , is adjacent to Lac La Ronge Provincial Park , and is on the edge of the Canadian Shield . The name “La Ronge” comes from the lake itself, although the actual origin of the name is uncertain. The French verb ronger translates as “to gnaw”, with at least one explanation theorising that 17th- and 18th-century French fur traders referred to the lake as la ronge (literally,
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#17328018035402756-539: The winter and summer months and also high temperatures. La Ronge is surrounded by several First Nations reserves, with the Northern Village of Air Ronge located just south of the community on Highway 2. With access to all other points north, east and west, and transportation linkage to the south, La Ronge is also the northern hub for the Saskatchewan provincial government. According to the Köppen–Geiger and Trewartha climate classification systems , La Ronge experiences
2809-428: Was 37.2 °C (99.0 °F) on 23 August 1929. The coldest temperature ever recorded was −52.2 °C (−62.0 °F) on 15 February 1936. In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada , La Ronge had a population of 2,521 living in 915 of its 1,034 total private dwellings, a change of -6.2% from its 2016 population of 2,688 . With a land area of 16.71 km (6.45 sq mi), it had
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