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142-587: La Repubblica ( Italian: [la reˈpubblika] ; English: "the Republic") is an Italian daily general-interest newspaper with an average circulation of 151,309 copies in May 2023. It was founded in 1976 in Rome by Gruppo Editoriale L'Espresso (now known as GEDI Gruppo Editoriale ) and led by Eugenio Scalfari , Carlo Caracciolo , and Arnoldo Mondadori Editore as a leftist newspaper, which proclaimed itself
284-596: A "cum laude" commendation for his school final exams, Pansa enrolled at the University of Turin , where he studied for a degree in political sciences . One of his teachers at the university was Alessandro Galante Garrone : it was Garrone who encouraged him to study the history of the Second World War and of the Italian Resistance. Pansa completed his university studies on 16 July 1959 with
426-399: A literary allusion referencing the party's ability to survive a thousand battles. He described the irrepressible loyalists surrounding the politician Clemente Mastella as "truppe mastellate" ( "mastellated troops" ), in a conscious echo of the term "truppe cammellate" ( "camel-mounted troops" ). The Communist Party was the "red elephant" while the right-wing politician Arnaldo Forlani
568-400: A "newspaper-party" ( giornale-partito ). During the early years of la Repubblica , its political views and readership ranged from the reformist left to the extraparliamentary left. Into the 21st century, it is identified with centre-left politics , and was known for its anti- Berlusconism , and Silvio Berlusconi 's personal scorn for the paper. In April 2020, the paper was acquired by
710-448: A 50% decline in the number of regional journalists. A 2016 study by King's College, London, found that the towns that lost their local newspapers receded from democratic values and experienced the loss of public faith in the authorities. A new trend in newspaper publishing is the introduction of personalization through on-demand printing technologies or with online news aggregator websites like Google news . Customized newspapers allow
852-527: A Korean monk claimed to have discovered an extant copy of the Jobo . The history of Middle Eastern newspapers goes back to the 19th century. Many editors were not only journalists but also writers, philosophers and politicians. With unofficial journals, these intellectuals encouraged public discourse on politics in the Ottoman and Persian Empires. Literary works of all genres were serialized and published in
994-482: A close relationship with his grandmother, born Caterina Zaffiro in 1869 in the little village of Caresana , which is located north of the Po river. The Pansas were casual farm workers, but one generation earlier, they all transferred to industrial work. As Giampaolo grew up there were three obvious career options on the horizon. Work in the local Marl quarries was the least appealing. Another possibility would have been
1136-685: A daily newspaper from its founding in 1791 until it was acquired by The Guardian in 1993. Usually, it is a specially expanded edition, often several times the thickness and weight of the weekday editions and containing generally special sections not found in the weekday editions, such as Sunday comics and Sunday magazines (such as The New York Times Magazine and The Sunday Times Magazine ). In some countries daily newspapers are not published on Christmas Day , but weekly newspapers would change their day e.g. Sunday newspapers are published on Saturday December 24, Christmas Eve when Christmas Day falls on Sunday. Some newspapers are published two times
1278-532: A degree in Political Sciences , submitting a dissertation on "The Resistance in the Province of Alessandria (1943–1945)". The work was supervised by Guido Quazza . An expanded version appeared as a book in 1967, entitled for publication, "Guerra partigiana tra Genova e il Po" ( "The Partisan War between Genoa and the Po" ) . The novelist's work on the wartime antifascist resistance also earned him
1420-554: A device intended to attract further editorial commissions from the Berlusconi media empire , while others asserted that the author had merely recycled and embellished incidents and events that had already been identified and recorded by others. Other detractors said that almost all the sources he had used were revisionist ones representing only the fascist viewpoint. That was one accusation that Pansa always rejected with particular vigour, insisting that he had used sources from across
1562-515: A job at one of the many cement factories in the town. The third, and as it seemed at the time "cleanest", option would have involved following his father's example and working at the Eternit asbestos plant. He attended school locally at the "Istituto Balbo" (secondary school) , where he received a "classical education" , opening the way for university admission and a chance to move away. Graduating from school with top marks, complemented by
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#17327823424411704-446: A journalist, publications produced by the press conglomerate known today as GEDI Gruppo Editoriale predominated. He worked without any significant break, between 1977 and 2008, for two of the group's most successful titles, la Repubblica and then L'Espresso . During his years on la Repubblica his political perspective generally reflected that of the center-left parties, which for most of the period meant that he would be supportive of
1846-422: A large distribution system to deliver their papers to these different distributors, which typically involves delivery trucks and delivery people. In recent years, newspapers and other media have adapted to the changing technology environment by starting to offer online editions to cater to the needs of the public. In the future, the trend towards more electronic delivery of the news will continue with more emphasis on
1988-684: A large revenue center (because of other ways to buy and sell online) and ad impressions now being dispersed across many media are inputs. Newspapers are typically published daily or weekly . News magazines are also weekly, but they have a magazine format. General-interest newspapers typically publish news articles and feature articles on national and international news as well as local news . The news includes political events and politicians." , business and finance , crime, weather, and natural disasters; health and medicine , science , and computers and technology; sports ; and entertainment , society , food and cooking, clothing and home fashion, and
2130-580: A larger part of the population. In 1830, the first inexpensive " penny press " newspaper came to the market: Lynde M. Walter's Boston Transcript . Penny press papers cost about one sixth the price of other newspapers and appealed to a wider audience, including less educated and lower-income people. In France, Émile de Girardin started La Presse in 1836, introducing cheap, advertising-supported dailies to France. In 1848, August Zang , an Austrian who knew Girardin in Paris, returned to Vienna to introduce
2272-502: A lie, Silvio Berlusconi has decided to bring the ten questions of [la] Repubblica to court, thus covering up – at least in Italy – the public shame of private behavior which is at the centre of an international scandal and persecutes him politically. It is the first time, in the memory of a free country, that a politician sues the questions that are addressed to him." In September 2011, Rome's civil court rejected Berlusconi's damage claims on
2414-653: A local and international English-speaking public, and for tourists. The advent of the Internet has also allowed non-English-language newspapers to put out a scaled-down English version to give their newspaper a global outreach. Similarly, in many countries with a large foreign-language-speaking population or many tourists, newspapers in languages other than the national language are both published locally and imported. For example, newspapers and magazines from many countries, and locally published newspapers in many languages , are ready to be found on news-stands in central London. In
2556-483: A mixture of subscription revenue, newsstand sales , and advertising revenue. The journalism organizations that publish newspapers are themselves often metonymically called newspapers. Newspapers have traditionally been published in print (usually on cheap, low-grade paper called newsprint ). However, today most newspapers are also published on websites as online newspapers , and some have even abandoned their print versions entirely. Newspapers developed in
2698-420: A mixture of subscription revenue, newsstand sales , and advertising revenue (other businesses or individuals pay to place advertisements in the pages, including display ads , classified ads , and their online equivalents ). Some newspapers are government-run or at least government-funded; their reliance on advertising revenue and profitability is less critical to their survival. The editorial independence of
2840-407: A move that saw several changes of position that were criticized, and that saw Molinari of La Stampa , which is also owned by Elkann's GEDI group, replacing Carlo Verdelli [ it ] . Scalfari warned the paper not to move away from its liberal-socialist positions, which he described thusly: "I have always believed in a liberal socialism, capable of uniting equality and reformism ... at
2982-558: A newspaper is thus always subject to the interests of someone, whether owners, advertisers or a government. Some newspapers with high editorial independence, high journalism quality, and large circulation are viewed as newspapers of record . Many newspapers, besides employing journalists on their own payrolls, also subscribe to news agencies (wire services) (such as the Associated Press , Reuters , or Agence France-Presse ), which employ journalists to find, assemble, and report
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#17327823424413124-651: A newspaper of the modern type in South Asia was by William Bolts , a Dutchman in the employ of the British East India Company in September 1768 in Calcutta. However, before he could begin his newspaper, he was deported back to Europe. In 1780 the first newsprint from this region, Hicky's Bengal Gazette , was published by an Irishman, James Augustus Hicky . He used it as a means to criticize
3266-408: A number of prestigious commentators, such as Enzo Biagi and Alberto Ronchey from Corriere della Sera . Aiming to gain top circulation in Italy, chief editor Scalfari launched new reader-friendly initiatives. There were now 40 pages, including news sections, entertainment, and sport. The newspaper was pitched as an omnibus newspaper, namely a paper catering to all types of readers. Politically, while
3408-453: A prize competition called Portfolio , a type of stock market-based lottery. Readers were encouraged to buy the newspaper daily in order to check share value. The prize turned out to cost more than the supplements earned, the latter increasing sales for one or two days a week only. la Repubblica expanded by almost 200,000 copies within three months, stretching to a total daily average of nearly 700,000. At that point, la Repubblica became
3550-415: A project, Repubblica – lavori in corso ("Repubblica – work in progress"), with the objective of testing an on-line edition. The project was coordinated by Vittorio Zambardino , Gualtiero Pierce , and Ernesto Assante , with technical direction by Alessandro Canepa . On 14 January 1997, the online version of the newspaper, Repubblica.it, was launched. In May 2007, the paper's website was listed 11th among
3692-459: A related name; e.g., The Times and The Sunday Times are distinct newspapers owned by the same company, and an article published in the latter would never be credited to The Times . In some cases a Sunday edition is an expanded version of a newspaper from the same publisher; in other cases, particularly in Britain, it may be a separate enterprise, e.g., The Observer , not affiliated with
3834-498: A rising need for information which was met by concise handwritten news-sheets. In 1556, the government of Venice first published the monthly notizie scritte , which cost one gazetta , a small coin. These avvisi were handwritten newsletters and used to convey political, military, and economic news quickly and efficiently to Italian cities (1500–1700)—sharing some characteristics of newspapers though usually not considered true newspapers. However, none of these publications fully met
3976-539: A short series of books on the violence committed by partisans against fascists during and after the war . Despite appearing more than half a century after the events described, there was an element of uneasy shock discernible beneath even in the positive critical reaction which came primarily from representatives of mainstream intellectual centre-left. Pansa had turned for his sources to authorities such as Giorgio Pisanò as Antonio Serena : there were also many personal stories from those who might be identified, in terms of
4118-440: A small newspaper's print run might require less than an hour of operation, meaning that if the newspaper had its own press it would sit idle most of the time. If the newspaper offers information online, webmasters and web designers may be employed to upload stories to the newspaper's website. The staff of the circulation department liaise with retailers who sell the newspaper; sell subscriptions; and supervise distribution of
4260-399: A small town in the hills beyond Siena . It is at San Casciano that his physical remains were interred following a funerary mass attended by townsfolk and journalist colleagues on 14 January 2020. He had died in Rome on 12 January 2020 after several months of suffering with serious Colitis . Giampaolo Pansa married firstly, in 1960, Lidia "Lillina" Casalone from Mortara . The marriage
4402-409: A subject area, called a beat , such as sports, religion, or science. Columnists are journalists who write regular articles recounting their personal opinions and experiences. Printers and press operators physically print the newspaper. Printing is outsourced by many newspapers, partly because of the cost of an offset web press (the most common kind of press used to print newspapers), and also because
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4544-450: A top position with the CGIL . She describes herself as a passionate Juventus supporter . She contributed extensively to the "Blood of the vanquished" cycle . They met, originally, on 23 November 1989, when she cautiously approached him and asked a question – probably about politics – as they found themselves travelling together on the train from Rome to Florence . They moved in together
4686-469: A week and are known as semi-weekly publications. As the name suggests, a triweekly publishes three times a week. The Meridian Star is an example of such a publication. Weekly newspapers are published once a week, and tend to be smaller than daily papers. Some publications are published, for example, fortnightly (or biweekly in American parlance). They may have a change from normal weekly day of
4828-484: Is available in early editions from before midnight on the night before its cover date , further editions being printed and distributed during the night. The later editions can include breaking news which was first revealed that day, after the morning edition was already printed. Previews of tomorrow's newspapers are often a feature of late night news programs, such as Newsnight in the United Kingdom. In 1650,
4970-441: Is available throughout the country. There is also a small group of newspapers which may be characterized as international newspapers . Some, such as The New York Times International Edition , (formerly The International Herald Tribune) have always had that focus, while others are repackaged national newspapers or "international editions" of national or large metropolitan newspapers. In some cases, articles that might not interest
5112-562: Is considered a leading light among journalists of the Italian "first" republic . He was an attentive observer of facts and of personalities, always among the first to arrive in the press gallery at party political conferences which he attended assiduously, armed with his notebook and opera glasses . After the Piazza Fontana bombing , Pansa created a valuable " counterinformation " dossier which helped to identify untruths supplied by
5254-470: Is holding the same newspaper but in the meantime he worked his way up to an important managerial position in a large company. The same year saw the launch of weekly financial supplement, Affari & finanza , edited by Giuseppe Turani . la Repubblica continued the game of catch up with Corriere della Sera , and in December 1986 managed to overtake their rivals. In 1987, la Repubblica launched
5396-442: Is often typed in black ink with a white or gray background. Newspapers can cover a wide variety of fields such as politics , business , sports , art, and science. They often include materials such as opinion columns , weather forecasts , reviews of local services, obituaries , birth notices, crosswords , editorial cartoons , comic strips , and advice columns . Most newspapers are businesses, and they pay their expenses with
5538-572: Is one of the main national newspapers in Italy. la Repubblica was founded by Eugenio Scalfari , previously director of the weekly magazine L'Espresso . The publisher Carlo Caracciolo and Mondadori had invested 2.3 billion lire (half each) and a break-even point was calculated at 150,000 copies. Scalfari invited a few trusted colleagues like Gianni Rocca, then Giorgio Bocca , Sandro Viola [ it ] , Mario Pirani , Miriam Mafai , Barbara Spinelli , Natalia Aspesi , and Giuseppe Turani [ it ] . The cartoons were
5680-483: Is supervised by a designated editor. Most newspaper editors copy edit the stories for their part of the newspaper, but they may share their workload with proofreaders and fact checkers . Reporters are journalists who primarily report facts that they have gathered, and those who write longer, less news-oriented articles may be called feature writers. Photographers and graphic artists provide images and illustrations to support articles. Journalists often specialize in
5822-447: Is usually referred to as the editor. Variations on this title such as editor-in-chief, executive editor, and so on are common. For small newspapers, a single editor may be responsible for all content areas. At large newspapers, the most senior editor is in overall charge of the publication, while less senior editors may each focus on one subject area, such as local news or sports. These divisions are called news bureaus or "desks", and each
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5964-665: The Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation , is often recognized as the first newspaper. The second newspaper, the German Avisa , was published from 1609 in Wolfenbüttel . Both newspapers distinguished themselves from other printed material by being published on a regular basis. They reported on a variety of current events to a broad public audience. Within a few decades, newspapers could be found in all
6106-499: The Industrial Revolution enabled newspapers to become an even more widely circulated means of communication, as new printing technologies made printing less expensive and more efficient. In 1814, The Times (London) acquired a printing press capable of making 1,100 impressions per hour. Soon, this press was adapted to print on both sides of a page at once. This innovation made newspapers cheaper and thus available to
6248-724: The Italian Resistance and the Benito Mussolini years. Giampaolo Pansa was born and raised in Casale Monferrato , an industrial town by the Po river and located in the province of Alessandria , in Piedmont . His father Ernesto, the fifth of six children, grew up in poverty. Since Ernesto Pansa was the last child to leave home and marry, his widowed mother moved to his home. The young Giampaolo developed
6390-700: The Lodo Mondadori [ it ] ("Mondadori arbitration award "). A verdict on 3 October 2009 by the Causa Civile ( Civil Court of Milan ) pronounced that Berlusconi's Fininvest had to compensate the De Benedetti's CIR €750 million for financial losses due to perdita di chance ("lost opportunities") from the Lodo Mondadori decision. In the following years, new publishing projects were added. la Repubblica , which up to then
6532-654: The Quebec Chronicle-Telegraph . It is currently published as an English-language weekly from its offices at 1040 Belvédère, suite 218, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. In 1808, the Gazeta do Rio de Janeiro had its first edition, printed in devices brought from England, publishing news favourable for the government of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves since it was produced by
6674-722: The Socialist Party and another representative of opposition to the government in the Chamber of Deputies . He was never slow to criticize the Communist Party – widely perceived by opponents as being "too close to Moscow" – through his political investigations and commentaries, however. His political perspectives were also on display in a book he published under the title "La Repubblica di Barbapapà. Storia irriverente di un potere invisibile" ( "The Republic of Daddy Beard. Irreverent history of an invisible power" ). By
6816-486: The "Einaudi Prize", worth 500,000 lire and, of perhaps greater significance for his future career, drew him to the attention of the editors and owners at the prestigious Turin-based daily newspaper, La Stampa . In 1961 Giampaolo Pansa joined La Stampaand over the next thirty years he contributed to all of Italy's' leading papers. In parallel with his newspaper work, during the 1980s Pansa also worked regularly for several weekly news magazines. Through Pansa's career as
6958-514: The 17th century as information sheets for merchants . By the early 19th century, many cities in Europe, as well as North and South America, published newspapers. Some newspapers with high editorial independence, high journalism quality, and large circulation are viewed as newspapers of record . With the popularity of the Internet , many newspapers are now digital, with their news presented online as
7100-639: The British rule through journalism. The Jobo , discussed in the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty , was published in 1577 by King Seonjo 's ministers. As the King had not given permission to print the news bulletins, Jobo was discontinued, and 30 ministers were sentenced "to a severe punishment". It was printed daily, and covered a range of topics, including weather, constellations, and current affairs. In 2017,
7242-665: The Espresso group together with the Milan publisher, with the goal of becoming the main shareholder, buying the stock of Arnoldo Mondadori 's heirs. Silvio Berlusconi prevented it, starting the Segrate War (from the town of Segrate , near Milan, where the Mondadori main office is located. In 1991, after more than two years of legal and financial battles, the struggle was ended by the entrepreneur Giuseppe Ciarrapico on behalf of
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#17327823424417384-547: The GEDI Gruppo Editoriale of John Elkann and the Agnelli family , who is also the founder and owner of La Stampa . Maurizio Molinari , the then editor of La Stampa , was appointed as la Repubblica 's editor in place of Carlo Verdelli [ it ] ; this prompted the resignation of several journalists opposed to this change. Under Molinari, it took a moderate line, and tried to go beyond
7526-492: The Internet, social media and other electronic delivery methods. However, while the method of delivery is changing, the newspaper and the industry still have a niche in the world. As of 2007, virtually all major printed newspapers produced online editions distributed over the Internet, which, depending on the country, may be regulated by journalism organizations such as the Press Complaints Commission in
7668-507: The Italians that people were generally content to ignore many historical crimes for years on end, only taking an interest and providing opinions when a high-profile intellectual from the political left, such as Giampaolo Pansa, placed some such matters on the public agenda. Even the historian Sergio Luzzatto , whose initial bemusement over Blood of the vanquished had translated into a harsh negativity, later came round to an acceptance that
7810-656: The UK. But as some publishers find their print-based models increasingly unsustainable, Web-based "newspapers" have also started to appear, such as the Southport Reporter in the UK and the Seattle Post-Intelligencer , which stopped publishing in print after 149 years in March 2009 and became an online-only paper. Since 2005 in the UK more than 200 regional newspapers have closed down resulting in
7952-956: The US state of Florida , so many tourists from the French-speaking Canadian province of Quebec visit for long stays during the winter (" snowbirds ") that some newsstands and stores sell French-language newspapers such as Le Droit . General newspapers cover all topics, with different emphasis. While at least mentioning all topics, some might have good coverage of international events of importance; others might concentrate more on national or local entertainment or sports. Specialised newspapers might concentrate more specifically on, for example, financial matters. There are publications covering exclusively sports, or certain sports, horse-racing, theatre, and so on, although they may no longer be called newspapers. For centuries newspapers were printed on paper and supplied physically to readers either by
8094-470: The activist daily ( quotidiano-attivista ) like Il Foglio , Libero , and l'Unità . Compared to one of its competitors, Corriere della Sera , a representative of the moderate bourgeoisie, la Repubblica maintains a centre-left , progressive orientation. After the acquisition of the paper by John Elkann in April 2020, Maurizio Molinari was appointed as the new paper's editor, in
8236-677: The administration's flaws. The first newspaper in Peru was El Peruano , established in October 1825 and still published today, but with several name changes. During the Tang dynasty in China (618–906), the Kaiyuan Za Bao published the government news; it was block-printed onto paper. It is sometimes considered one of the earliest newspapers to be published. The first recorded attempt to found
8378-450: The advertising department may include graphic designers , who design ads according to the customers' specifications and the department's policies. In an advertising-free newspaper , there is no advertising department. Giampaolo Pansa Giampaolo Pansa (1 October 1935 – 12 January 2020) was an Italian journalist-commentator and novelist . Most of his writings were rooted in recent or contemporary history, notably with regard to
8520-878: The aforementioned news, information and opinions, they include weather forecasts; criticism and reviews of the arts (including literature , film , television , theater , fine arts , and architecture ) and of local services such as restaurants; obituaries , birth notices and graduation announcements; entertainment features such as crosswords, horoscopes, editorial cartoons , gag cartoons , and comic strips ; advice columns, food , and other columns; and radio and television listings (program schedules). Newspapers have classified ad sections where people and businesses can buy small advertisements to sell goods or services; as of 2013, an increase in Internet websites for selling goods, such as Craigslist and eBay has led to significantly less classified ad sales for newspapers. Most newspapers are businesses, and they pay their expenses with
8662-495: The alleged bomb suspect Giuseppe Pinelli while detained police custody and the associated cover-up. Pansa was also among the first of the habitually left-wing journalists to assert without qualification, in response to the terrorism of the 1970s and 1980s that, as he put it, "the Red Brigades were red" – as in genuinely left-wing killers and not, as many with longer memories had assumed, fascist revivalists trying discredit
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#17327823424418804-470: The arts . Usually, the paper is divided into sections for each of those major groupings (labelled A, B, C, and so on, with pagination prefixes yielding page numbers A1-A20, B1-B20, C1-C20, and so on). Most traditional papers also feature an editorial page containing editorials written by an editor (or by the paper's editorial board) and expressing an opinion on a public issue, opinion articles called " op-eds " written by guest writers (which are typically in
8946-419: The authorities in connection with the aftermath of the bomb massacre. He nevertheless refused to join in with the more virulent aspects of the campaign that ensued: he refused, for example, to be join the 757 politicians, journalists and "intellectuals" who signed the angry Open letter of June 1971 , targeting (the subsequently assassinated) Police Commissioner Calabresi following the (never explained) death of
9088-492: The best-selling Italian newspaper. The 1988 circulation of the paper was 730,000 copies, making it the most read newspaper in Italy. At the end of the 1980s, the paper reached a circulation of 800,000 copies; by 2015, the paper had the country's second highest circulation, after Corriere della Sera , at about 275,000 copies. Corriere della Sera hit back with a free Saturday magazine and la Repubblica reciprocated with their own magazine, Venerdì , launched on 16 October 1987,
9230-429: The classical criteria for proper newspapers, as they were typically not intended for the general public and restricted to a certain range of topics. The first mechanical, movable type printing that allowed the mass production of printed books was invented by Johann Gutenberg around 1450. In the 50 years after Gutenberg started printing, an estimated 500,000 books were in circulation, printed on about 1,000 presses across
9372-435: The consistency of its behaviour". Following the purchase of GEDI group by John Elkann , Carlo Verdelli [ it ] was removed from his post as editor and replaced by Maurizio Molinari in April 2020. Maurizio Scanavino [ it ] was put at the executive role, among other changes of roles. The appointment of Molinari and the role of Elkann were criticized, and led to several journalists to resign, and
9514-610: The continent. Gutenberg's invention was a simple device, but it launched a revolution marked by repeated advances in technology and, as a result, a popularization of the ideals of liberty and freedom of information exchange. The emergence of the new media in the 17th century has to be seen in close connection with the spread of the printing press from which the publishing press derives its name. The German-language Relation aller Fürnemmen und gedenckwürdigen Historien , printed from 1605 onwards by Johann Carolus in Strasbourg in
9656-463: The country, ahead of Google , Yahoo! , Facebook , YouTube , and MSN . In 2004, through a gradual process, the newspaper introduced colour in every page. This decision forced the whole Italian newspaper market to adopt similar measures. On 19 October 2007, the newspaper's graphics and layout were renovated. la Repubblica split in two newspapers: one dedicated to the news and the other (called R2) to analysis of current events. On 20 November 2007,
9798-476: The critical period between 1919 and 1922, covering the birth of the Squadrismo movement, Mussolini's March on Rome and the inauguration of Fascism . He followed through, in 2002, with "I figli dell'Aquila" ( "Children of the eagle" ), the story of a volunteer soldier in the army of the so-called "Italian Social Republic ( "Repubblica Sociale Italiana" ) . Then came the "Blood of the vanquished" cycle ,
9940-472: The crucial issues of this time. No longer dividing the world into the old right–left categories, but debating the environment, social inequalities, digital rights. [la] Repubblica is the gymnasium of ideas where it is possible to address these topics. It must do so by hosting multiple opinions, even if they are conflicting." Into the 2022 Italian general election , the paper under Molinari was opposed to Giorgia Meloni 's politics. Elkann asked Molinari to moderate
10082-493: The development not by pointing out that the move came the day before his seventy-third birthday, but by quoting his justification that he found himself opposed to the magazine's editorial line. While it is true that during his final twelve years, Giampaolo Pansa found more time to publish novels and historical essays, he still contributed to political magazines and newspapers, principally as listed below: He later attributed his decision to leave La Verità in 2018 to what he saw as
10224-416: The distinction between paper copy and digital copy, which has been replaced by the distinction between "individual sales" (copies paid for by the buyer) and "multiple sales" (copies paid for by third parties). With the new calculation method, circulation always exceeds print run. Newspaper#Daily A newspaper is a periodical publication containing written information about current events and
10366-674: The first American daily. In 1752, John Bushell published the Halifax Gazette , which claims to be "Canada's first newspaper". However, its official descendant, the Royal Gazette , is a government publication for legal notices and proclamations rather than a proper newspaper; In 1764, the Quebec Gazette was first printed 21 June 1764 and remains the oldest continuously published newspaper in North America as
10508-472: The first daily newspaper appeared, Einkommende Zeitung , published by Timotheus Ritzsch in Leipzig , Germany. In the United Kingdom and some other Commonwealth countries, unlike most other countries, daily newspapers do not publish on Sundays. In the past there were independent Sunday newspapers; nowadays the same publisher often produces a Sunday newspaper, distinct in many ways from the daily, usually with
10650-509: The forefront in guiding the country and Europe in this direction." Critics described the Molinari appointment as the de-Scalfarization of the paper. This prompted journalists like Enrico Deaglio , Pino Corrias [ it ] , and Gad Lerner to end their cooperation with the paper. Carlo De Benedetti , a former editor of the paper, also protested the decision to appoint Molinari as the paper's editor. In May 2020, De Benedetti announced
10792-492: The foundation of a new newspaper called Domani . Under Molinari, the paper took a moderate line. In his first editorial published on 25 April 2020, Molinari indicated the way to enhance both the paper and online versions of the paper, which was suffering losses in readership. He proclaimed the need to fight populism and the old and new inequalities caused by the COVID-19 pandemic . In July 2020, he said: "We claim to address
10934-571: The goal. The decline in advertising revenues affected both the print and online media as well as all other mediums; print advertising was once lucrative but has greatly declined, and the prices of online advertising are often lower than those of their print precursors. Besides remodelling advertising, the internet (especially the web ) has also challenged the business models of the print-only era by crowdsourcing both publishing in general (sharing information with others) and, more specifically, journalism (the work of finding, assembling, and reporting
11076-569: The governor allowed The Boston News-Letter to be published and it became the first continuously published newspaper in the colonies. Soon after, weekly papers began being published in New York and Philadelphia. These early newspapers followed the British format and were usually four pages long. They mostly carried news from Britain and content depended on the editor's interests. In 1783, the Pennsylvania Evening Post became
11218-527: The grounds that the ten questions "constitute the legitimate exercise of the right to criticize and lawful manifestation of the freedom of thought and opinion guaranteed by Article 21 of the Constitution". Berlusconi had insulted the paper's journalists and invited industrialists to boycott advertising in la Repubblica . The paper described it as an "unprecedented case of a political leader denouncing questions because he cannot answer". The sentence judged
11360-604: The late Han dynasty (second and third centuries AD). Between 713 and 734, the Kaiyuan Za Bao ("Bulletin of the Court") of the Chinese Tang dynasty published government news; it was handwritten on silk and read by government officials. In 1582, there was the first reference to privately published newssheets in Beijing, during the late Ming dynasty . In early modern Europe , the increased cross-border interaction created
11502-485: The lawsuit also cited a 6 August 2009 article in which the paper described him as blackmailable, and was not limited to Italy, as his lawyer sued British, French, and Spanish outlets for publishing news about his personal life. In turn, the then opposition led by the Democratic Party asked Berlusconi to sue all of them. Mauro, one of the authors of the contested articles, commented: "Unable to answer, except with
11644-426: The local gay community or indie rock enthusiasts within a city or region. A daily newspaper is printed every day, sometimes with the exception of Sundays and occasionally Saturdays (and some major holidays). Saturday and, where they exist, Sunday editions of daily newspapers tend to be larger, include more specialized sections (e.g., on arts, films, entertainment) and advertising inserts, and cost more. Typically,
11786-467: The local distribution or in some cases by mail, for example for British expatriates living in India or Hong Kong who subscribed to British newspapers. Newspapers can be delivered to subscribers homes and/or businesses by a paper's own delivery people, sent via the mail , sold at newsstands , grocery stores , and convenience stores , and delivered to libraries and bookstores . Newspaper organizations need
11928-526: The main medium that most of the readers use, with the print edition being secondary (for the minority of customers that choose to pay for it) or, in some cases, retired. The decline of newspapers in the early 21st century was at first largely interpreted as a mere print-versus-digital contest in which digital beats print. The reality is different and multivariate, as newspapers now routinely have online presence; anyone willing to subscribe can read them digitally online. Factors such as classified ads no longer being
12070-439: The major cities of Europe, from Venice to London. The Dutch Courante uyt Italien, Duytslandt, &c. ("Courant from Italy, Germany, etc.") of 1618 was the first to appear in folio- rather than quarto-size . Amsterdam, a center of world trade, quickly became home to newspapers in many languages, often before they were published in their own country. The first English-language newspaper, Corrant out of Italy, Germany, etc. ,
12212-461: The majority of these newspapers' staff members work Monday to Friday, so the Sunday and Monday editions largely depend on content made in advance or content that is syndicated. Most daily newspapers are sold in the morning. Afternoon or evening papers, once common but now scarce, are aimed more at commuters and office workers. In practice (though this may vary according to country), a morning newspaper
12354-800: The news). Besides, the rise of news aggregators , which bundle linked articles from many online newspapers and other sources, influences the flow of web traffic . Increasing paywalling of online newspapers may be counteracting those effects. The oldest newspaper still published is the Ordinari Post Tijdender , which was established in Stockholm in 1645. Newspapers typically meet four criteria: In Ancient Rome , Acta Diurna , or government announcement bulletins, were produced. They were carved in metal or stone and posted in public places. In China, early government-produced news-sheets, called Dibao , circulated among court officials during
12496-399: The news, then sell the content to the various newspapers. This is a way to avoid duplicating the expense of reporting from around the world. c. 2005 , there were approximately 6,580 daily newspaper titles in the world selling 395 million print copies a day (in the U.S., 1,450 titles selling 55 million copies). The late 2000s–early 2010s global recession , combined with
12638-408: The newspaper had an average circulation of 660,000 copies. 1995, besides being the year of the introduction of the supplements Musica! Rock & altro and Salute , was the year of a graphical change as colour was introduced on the first page and in advertisements. In May 1996, after twenty years, Eugenio Scalfari resigned as editor-in-chief but remained an important contributor to the newspaper. He
12780-470: The newspaper has published The New York Times International Weekly on Mondays. This English-language supplement features articles selected from The New York Times and can be downloaded free of charge from la Repubblica ' s website. The circulation of a newspaper is obtained, according to the criteria of Press Circulation Assessments (ADS), from the sum of: Total Paid + Total Free + Foreign Circulation + Bulk Sales. Since 2021, ADS has abandoned
12922-476: The newspaper itself—editorial, production/printing, circulation, and advertising, although they are frequently referred to by a variety of other names. Most papers also have the non-newspaper-specific departments found in other businesses of comparable size, such as accounting, marketing, human resources, and IT. Throughout the English-speaking world, the person who selects the content for the newspaper
13064-483: The newspaper lay particularly in the editorial comments section, which was always incisive and thought-provoking. In the meantime, Giampaolo Pansa from Corriere della Sera became the deputy director, alongside Rocca and Pirani. In early 1978, average sales amounted to 114,000 copies. During the 55 days of the Aldo Moro kidnapping, la Repubblica backed the policy of hardline non-negotiation while reporting on
13206-572: The newspaper revealed wiretapping transcripts between certain RAI and Mediaset directors, aimed at modifying some parts of the TV scheduling of 2005 regarding the death of Pope John Paul II and the 2005 Italian regional elections . In August 2009, Berlusconi sued the newspaper, after it published ten questions addressed to him, which he refused to answer on the grounds that they were "rhetorical, defamatory, and discrediting". Asking for €1 million in damages,
13348-426: The newspaper's tenth birthday. A special issue was released in celebration, Dieci anni 1976/1985 ("Ten Years 1976/1985"), consisting of ten files in coated paper, one per each year, with the re-issuing of many original articles. The launch was backed by a successful advertising campaign featuring a young university student seen purchasing la Repubblica . Ten years later, the same student was pictured as an adult; he
13490-607: The official press service of the Portuguese crown. In 1821, after the ending of the ban of private newspaper circulation, appears the first non-imperial printed publication, Diário do Rio de Janeiro , though there existed already the Correio Braziliense , published by Hipólito José da Costa at the same time as the Gazeta , but from London and with forcefully advocated political and critical ideas, aiming to expose
13632-548: The origins of his fortune. The paper also used to be known for its critical stand vis-à-vis the Catholic Church , a position that changed after the onset of the papacy of Pope Francis , who remembered Scalfari upon his death as a "laical friend". In 2004, Angelo Agostini [ it ] categorized it as the agenda daily ( quotidiano-agenda ), in contrast to the institution daily ( quotidiano-istituzione ) like Corriere della Sera and La Stampa , and
13774-469: The paper kept backing the progressive left, its approach to governmental parties changed; its traditional opposition to Craxi's line was coupled with overtures to Ciriaco De Mita , one of the leading figures of the left wing of the Christian Democracy party. This seemed to pay off as in 1985 la Repubblica sold an average of 372,940 copies, about 150,000 more than in 1981. 1986 marked
13916-406: The paper's "Northern League" drift , while insisting that he had himself always enjoyed complete freedom from the editor to write what he wished. The focus to which Pansa would return most frequently in his books and essays was on the wartime resistance , the topic that he had studied for his university degree. In "Le notti dei fuochi" ( "Nights of fire" ), published in 2001, Pansa explored
14058-462: The paper's anti-Melonism to keep in line with the Agnelli family 's tradition of supporting the Italian government, whether from the political left or right; Meloni's party and coalition were widely seen as the favourite to lead the next Italian government. He referenced a quote from his grandfather, Gianni Agnelli , who used to say: "We are governmental and institutional by definition." Since 2004,
14200-486: The paper's former editor Carlo De Benedetti to found the Domani newspaper. Under Molinari, la Repubblica underwent several and significant changes, particularly on digital. In November 2021, both la Repubblica and La Stampa , which is also owned by Elkann's group, underwent readership losses despite Elkann's ambition plans to turn around the paper's deficits. In July 2022, Scalfari died. In July 2023, there
14342-546: The political left and right, and against populism . At the same time, because "information is essential to support and animate a widespread laboratory of ideas on what economic justice means today", it was concerned about economic and social inequalities. Under Molinari, it equated work on paper to digital work and followed the digital first theory. La Repubblica and Corriere della Sera are known for their fact-checking . Alongside Corriere della Sera , La Stampa , Il Sole 24 Ore , and Il Messaggero , it
14484-487: The political left by allowing the Red Brigades to be blamed for atrocities committed by others. Pansa's early and persistent rejection of this widely shared conspiracy theory served to discredit him in the eyes of many "progressive intellectuals". His dogged and revealing investigations of the Red Brigades led to his being targeted, along with his friend and colleague Walter Tobagi . As matters turned out, however, it
14626-537: The political spectrum and shed new light on a part of history that deserved to be better known than it was. He had certainly done nothing to detract from the meritoriousness and importance of wartime antifascist resistance . He pointed to the various descriptions included of atrocities committed by certain fascist fighters against resistance partisans before being killed themselves. Not all the critics were persuaded. There are reports of book launches at which Pansa found himself engaged in savage discussions about his Blood of
14768-420: The prerogative of Giorgio Forattini until 1999. The newspaper first went on sale on 14 January 1976. It was presented as the first Italian tabloid , with some sections such as sports and business intentionally left out. When it was founded, it was intended to be a second newspaper, with only major news at the national level, to an audience that has already read a local newspaper. It was composed of 20 pages and
14910-636: The press as well. The first newspapers in the Ottoman Empire were owned by foreigners living there who wanted to make propaganda about the Western world. The earliest was printed in 1795 by the Palais de France in Pera . Indigenous Middle Eastern journalism started in 1828, when Muhammad Ali , Khedive of Egypt, ordered the local establishment of the gazette Vekayi-i Misriye ( Egyptian Affairs ). It
15052-497: The prime minister of the time, Giulio Andreotti , who persuaded De Benedetti and Berlusconi to split the Grande Mondadori. De Benedetti received la Repubblica , L'Espresso , and some local newspapers, while Berlusconi received Mondadori minus the newspapers. The controversial operation was the main point of a lawsuit in which Berlusconi was charged with corruption of legal proceedings. This lawsuit became famous as
15194-430: The printed newspapers through the mail, by newspaper carriers , at retailers, and through vending machines. Free newspapers do not sell subscriptions, but they still have a circulation department responsible for distributing the newspapers. Sales staff in the advertising department not only sell ad space to clients such as local businesses, but also help clients design and plan their advertising campaigns. Other members of
15336-521: The pro-negotiation approach led by Bettino Craxi of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI). The paper's stance proved popular, and by the end of the year its daily sales reached 140,000 copies. In 1979, with an average print run of 180,000 copies, it achieved a break-even point. The size of the newspaper increased with page count growing from 20 to 24. The newspaper decided to cover sports for the first time and veteran reporter Gianni Brera
15478-433: The rapid growth of free web-based alternatives, has helped cause a decline in advertising and circulation, as many papers had to retrench operations to stanch the losses. Worldwide annual revenue approached $ 100 billion in 2005–7, then plunged during the worldwide financial crisis of 2008–9. Revenue in 2016 fell to only $ 53 billion, hurting every major publisher as their efforts to gain online income fell far short of
15620-416: The reader can select how much of each section (politics, sports, arts, etc.) they wish to see in their news. In the U.S., the overall manager or chief executive of the newspaper is the publisher. In small newspapers, the owner of the publication (or the largest shareholder in the corporation that owns the publication) is usually the publisher. Most newspapers have four main departments devoted to publishing
15762-462: The reader to create their individual newspaper through the selection of individual pages from multiple publications. This "Best of" approach allows revival of the print-based model and opens up a new distribution channel to increase coverage beneath the usual boundaries of distribution. Customized newspapers online have been offered by MyYahoo , I-Google , CRAYON, ICurrent.com, Kibboko.com, Twitter . times and many others. With these online newspapers ,
15904-421: The same day as Affari & Finanza . The via Solferino publishing group did not reclaim the top spot for two years. At the end of the 1980s, believing that a stronger financial support was needed for the growth of the group, Carlo Caracciolo and Eugenio Scalfari (main shareholders of the Espresso group) sold all their shares to Carlo De Benedetti . Already a major shareholder of Mondadori , Benedetti took
16046-609: The same methods with Die Presse (which was named for and frankly copied Girardin's publication). While most newspapers are aimed at a broad spectrum of readers, usually geographically defined, some focus on groups of readers defined more by their interests than their location: for example, there are daily and weekly business newspapers (e.g., The Wall Street Journal and India Today ) and sports newspapers. More specialist still are some weekly newspapers, usually free and distributed within limited regional areas; these may serve communities as specific as certain immigrant populations,
16188-450: The same section as the editorial), and columns that express the personal opinions of columnists , usually offering analysis and synthesis that attempts to translate the raw data of the news into information telling the reader "what it all means" and persuading them to concur. Papers also include articles that have no byline ; these articles are written by staff writers. A wide variety of material has been published in newspapers. Besides
16330-599: The series contained "nothing made up" and demonstrated a reassuring "respect for history". Italian journalist Massimo Fini reviewed Pansa's work positively, but criticized him for relying too heavily on the History of the Civil War in Italy , a 3-volume history of the Italian Civil War published by fascist essayist Giorgio Pisanò in 1966. During his final years Pansa lived with his wife at San Casciano ,
16472-521: The series title, as the "vanquished". Pansa's historiographical approach with the six volume cycle was in aggregate unconventional, described by one source as a mixture of "historical novel", serious "Feuilleton commentary" and political polemic. Its overall style and structure were more recently analyzed in some depth by Nicola Gallerano . In 2011 the publication of "Poco o niente. Eravamo poveri. Torneremo poveri" ( "Little or nothing. We were poor. We will always be poor" ) marked an abrupt change. The book
16614-400: The ten questions to be "founded on a solid core of truthfulness ... civil and correct". The sentence concluded that "in a democratic country it is the right and duty of the press to ask those who hold political and government offices to account and explain their behavior" so that citizens can judge the public figure "not only on the carried out, but also with reference to its ethical heritage and
16756-418: The time the book appeared, in 2014, Pansa had become critical of "Barbapapà's" approach. In his biography Pansa presents a case for the creator of Repubblica demonstrating political bias and, on occasion, heightened self-regard; but he also pays tribute to the sheer genius and total dedication to work which he sees as among of his old boss's formidable array of qualities. A skillful political reporter, Pansa
16898-425: The top 30 brands of the month in Italy, with almost 5 million unique visitors, and being the first daily newspaper ahead of Corriere della Sera ; during the same month, the paper had sold about 566,000 copies compared to the circa 594,000 copies of Corriere della Sera . By October 2007, it had become the main Italian information website, with over 10.6 million visitors, and in 2010 was the tenth most visited website in
17040-500: The vanquished cycle, not just with members of the far-left but also by "academics" who charged him with the crime of "revisionism" . At one event in Reggio Emilia , attended by angry groups both from the left of the arguments and from the right, fighting broke out. The episode came to the attention of President Giorgio Napolitano and Senate President Franco Marini , who condemned "the attack on Gaimpaolo Pansa" and "deplored
17182-501: The violence suffered": "We cannot accept what happened – in this case serious – to an intellectual who produces a work of historical reflection which I believe is worthwhile ... of course some share the opinions and some refute them, but there must be freedom for all works of history and literature". There were also more thoughtful or nuanced, reactions such as that of Ernesto Galli della Loggia , who reacted positively to Pansa's contributions, but still wondered in print what it said about
17324-412: The wartime resistance , and that he had been motivated not by virtuous idealism, but by the lure of personal economic gain. The attacks came from many sides: Giorgio Bocca , a long-standing antagonist among Pansa's fellow journalists, was particularly withering with his references to "[journalist]-skinheads of the left". There were allegations that Blood of the vanquished represented little more than
17466-535: The week during the Christmas period depending the day of the week Christmas Day is falling on. A local newspaper serves a region such as a city, or part of a large city. Almost every market has one or two newspapers that dominate the area. Large metropolitan newspapers often have large distribution networks, and can be found outside their normal area, sometimes widely, sometimes from fewer sources. Most nations have at least one newspaper that circulates throughout
17608-583: The whole country: a national newspaper . Some national newspapers, such as the Financial Times and The Wall Street Journal , are specialised (in these examples, on financial matters). There are many national newspapers in the United Kingdom , but only a few in the United States and Canada . In Canada, The Globe and Mail is sold throughout the country. In the United States, in addition to national newspapers as such, The New York Times
17750-408: The wider range of readers are omitted from international editions; in others, of interest to expatriates , significant national news is retained. As English became the international language of business and technology, many newspapers formerly published only in non-English languages have also developed English-language editions. In places as varied as Jerusalem and Mumbai , newspapers are printed for
17892-412: Was Tobagi who was gunned down on a Milan street rather than Pansa. Pansa also became known as an enthusiastic creator of neologisms and sarcastic "definitions", frequently untranslatable, and generally involving politicians and political parties. He cast Fausto Bertinotti as "il parolaio rosso" ( loosely, the "Red Word" ) while he identified Italy's Christian Democratic Party as the "White Whale",
18034-479: Was "the were rabbit ". Nor should it be thought that Pansa always spared his fellow journalists: in 1980 he published as article in la Repubblica under the headline "Il giornalista dimezzato" ( loosely, "journalism trashed" ), in which he castigated the conduct, which he found hypocritical, of colleagues who in his words, "surrendered half of their own professionalism to the party". Reports of Pansa's retirement from L'Espresso on 30 September 2008 tend to explain
18176-513: Was a classist controversy about an article written for the paper by Elkann's father, Alain Elkann , who compared the behavior of young people in a travel to that of Landsknecht . Further controversy was caused by the young Elkann's article for La Stampa . Molinari refused to publish a letter in which the paper's journalists distanced themselves from the elder Elkann but said that he understood their reasoning. In September 2024 Maurizio Molinari
18318-454: Was a portrait of the poor in northern Italy at the cusp of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It was the story of Pansa's grandmother and of his own parents. As the first volume in the Blood of the vanquished ("Il sangue dei vinti") cycle became more widely read, Pansa found himself in receipt of mounting criticism. There were complaints that he had tarnished the still iconic narrative of
18460-549: Was added. From 1979 to 1994, Glauco Benigni was the International Media Editor further reaffirming the expansion and popularity of the paper overseas, covering international Film Festivals and major events like U.S. Mission rocket launches. In 1981, Corriere della Sera was hit by a scandal when chief editor Franco Di Bella was outed as a member of the secret masonic lodge Propaganda Due (P2). This allowed la Repubblica to win extra readers and recruit
18602-521: Was first paper written in Ottoman Turkish and Arabic on opposite pages, and later in Arabic only, under the title " al-Waqa'i'a al-Masriya ". The first non-official Turkish newspaper, Ceride-i Havadis (Register of Events), was published by an Englishman, William Churchill, in 1840. The first private newspaper to be published by Turkish journalists, Tercüman-ı Ahvâl (Interpreter of Events),
18744-655: Was first published in Sweden in 1645, and is the oldest newspaper still in existence, though it now publishes solely online. Opregte Haarlemsche Courant from Haarlem , first published in 1656, is the oldest paper still printed. It was forced to merge with the newspaper Haarlems Dagblad in 1942 when Germany occupied the Netherlands. Since then the Haarlems Dagblad has appeared with the subtitle Oprechte Haerlemse Courant 1656 . Merkuriusz Polski Ordynaryjny
18886-494: Was followed by the birth, in 1962, of the couple's son, Alessandro . In 1993 Pansa also acquired a nephew called Giacomo through his marriage to "Lillina". Giampaolo Pansa married secondly Adele Grisendi, a party member originally from Montecchio Emilia ( RE ). They lived as a "de facto couple" between 1989 and 2020, latterly in Tuscany . Adele Grisendi is a writer and former trades union organiser who for many years worked in
19028-632: Was founded by İbrahim Şinasi and Agah Efendi and issued in 1860. The first newspaper in Iran, Kaghaz-e Akhbar (The Newspaper), was created for the government by Mirza Saleh Shirazi in 1837. The first journals in the Arabian Peninsula appeared in Hijaz , once it had become independent of Ottoman rule, towards the end of World War I. One of the earliest women to sign her articles in the Arab press
19170-423: Was not published on Monday, bought Lunedì di Repubblica for 50 million lire. This was a satirical magazine and the first real fake newspaper; it was published by Vincenzo Sparagna , author of Frigidaire . Gruppo Editoriale L'Espresso at first sued Sparagna for plagiarism but lost when the court acknowledged Lunedì di Repubblica as an original masthead . The launch occurred on 10 January 1994; in this period,
19312-475: Was published from Tuesday to Sunday. The paper defined itself as a "newspaper-party" ( giornale-partito ) in its initial stage. During the first two years, it built up a core-audience identified as members of the centre-left and the Italian Communist Party (PCI). In 1977, Scalfari decided to cater to the university student movement, so la Repubblica began its expansion. The strength of
19454-567: Was published in Kraków , Poland in 1661. The first successful English daily, The Daily Courant , was published from 1702 to 1735. In Boston in 1690, Benjamin Harris published Publick Occurrences Both Forreign and Domestick . This is considered the first newspaper in the American colonies even though only one edition was published before the paper was suppressed by the government. In 1704,
19596-623: Was published in 1631, La Gazette (originally published as Gazette de France ). The first newspaper in Italy, in accordance with the oldest issue still preserved, was Di Genova published in 1639 in Genoa . The first newspaper in Portugal, A Gazeta da Restauração , was published in 1641 in Lisbon . The first Spanish newspaper, Gaceta de Madrid , was published in 1661. Post- och Inrikes Tidningar (founded as Ordinari Post Tijdender )
19738-696: Was published in Amsterdam in 1620. In the same year, the Antwerp periodial Nieuwe Tijdinghen was published by Abraham Verhoeven . In 1621, Corante, or weekely newes from Italy, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Bohemia, France and the Low Countreys was published in England by an "N.B." (generally thought to be either Nathaniel Butter or Nicholas Bourne) and Thomas Archer. The first newspaper in France
19880-479: Was replaced by Mario Orfeo . The newspaper was founded as a left-wing , reformist , and secularist paper. The newspaper played a role in the evolution of Europeanism and the Italian political left from 1984 to 1992. It held a critical line towards the former prime minister Silvio Berlusconi , especially criticizing his conflict of interest as both an entrepreneur and politician. Scalfari criticized Berlusconi's television channels and urged an investigation into
20022-428: Was succeeded by Ezio Mauro . That same year, the weekly women's supplement D – la Repubblica delle donne ("D – The Republic of Women") was launched. On 5 April 1996, the paper launched its website as a collaborative effort with Digital and Interbusiness (a unit of Telecom Italia ), as an online trial version of the newspaper, created for the 1996 Italian general election held on 21 April. In August 1996, Mauro began
20164-503: Was the female medical practitioner Galila Tamarhan , who contributed articles to a medical magazine called " Ya'asub al-Tib " (Leader in Medicine) in the 1860s. By the early 19th century, many cities in Europe, as well as North and South America, published newspaper-type publications though not all of them developed in the same way; content was vastly shaped by regional and cultural preferences. Advances in printing technology related to
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