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77-464: Lac Courte Oreilles is located approximately eight and one-half miles southeast of the city of Hayward , the primary commercial and retail center of the area, and is one of three large natural lakes (Lac Courte Oreilles, Grindstone Lake , and Round Lake) located to the south and east of the city. There is a small unincorporated residential community on the north side of the lake commonly referred to as Northwoods (or North Woods) Beach. The eastern part of

154-429: A female householder with no husband present, and 44.8% were not families. About 39.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19.1% had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.09, and the average family size was 2.78. In the city, the age distribution was 22.6% under 18, 8.7% from 18 to 24, 25.5% from 25 to 44, 20.9% from 45 to 64, and 22.4% who were 65 or older. The median age

231-658: A few other locals. Although they produced only single issues, each was distributed widely to residents in Sault Ste. Marie, then to Schoolcraft's friends in Detroit, New York, and other eastern cities. Jane Johnston Schoolcraft used the pen names of "Rosa" and Leelinau as personae to write about different aspects of Indian culture. Schoolcraft was elected to the legislature of the Michigan Territory , where he served from 1828 to 1832. In 1832, he traveled again to

308-647: A lead mine outside St. Louis in the 18th century.) He also published Journal of a Tour into the Interior of Missouri and Arkansaw (1821), the first written account of a European-American exploration of the Ozark Mountains . This expedition and his resulting publications brought Schoolcraft to the attention of John C. Calhoun , the Secretary of War, who considered him "a man of industry, ambition, and insatiable curiosity." Calhoun recommended Schoolcraft to

385-694: A leading Ojibwe chief, Waubojeeg , and his wife. Both of the Johnstons were of high status; they had eight children together, and their cultured, wealthy family was well known in the area. Jane was also known as Bamewawagezhikaquay (Woman of the Sound the Stars Make Rushing Through the Sky). Her knowledge of the Ojibwe language and culture, which she shared with Schoolcraft, formed in part

462-594: A lumber mill. Until 1880 the spot was connected to the outside world only by river or logging tote roads, but in that year the Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis and Omaha Railway built its tracks through, connecting it to the Twin Cities and Chicago , and making Anthony Hayward's sawmill plan much more lucrative. He found financial backing and a partner in Robert Laird McCormick and managed to buy

539-669: A member of the Board of Regents of the University of Michigan in its early years. In this position he helped establish the state university's financial organization. Schoolcraft founded and contributed to the first United States journal on public education, The Journal of Education. He also published The Souvenir of the Lakes , the first literary magazine in Michigan. Schoolcraft named many of Michigan's counties and locations within

616-494: A personal account of the discovery with his book, Narrative of an Expedition Through the Upper Mississippi River to Itasca Lake (1834). After his territory for Indian Affairs was greatly increased in 1833, Schoolcraft and his wife Jane moved to Mackinac Island , the new headquarters of his administration. In 1836, he was instrumental in settling land disputes with the Ojibwe. He worked with them to accomplish

693-531: A prominent Scotch-Irish fur trader and an Ojibwe mother, who was the high-ranking daughter of Waubojeeg , a war chief. Jane lived with her family in Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan . She was bilingual and educated, having grown up in a literate household. Jane taught Schoolcraft the Ojibwe language and much about her maternal culture. They had several children together, only two of whom survived past childhood. She

770-804: A war party that had contact with Europeans on the East Coast. They had gone to Montreal to assist the French against the British in the French and Indian War (the North American front of the Seven Years' War ). During the voyage, Schoolcraft took the opportunity to explore the region, making the first accurate map of the Lake District around western Lake Superior. Following the lead of Ozawindib , an Ojibwe guide, Schoolcraft encountered

847-561: A water works. Four blocks of the village streets were paved with brick. In the surrounding country, settlers were beginning to wrest little farms out of the stump-lands cut off by the loggers. In 1896 it was reported that 432 bushels of corn were produced in Sawyer County, 610 bushels of barley, 14,516 bushels of oats, 380 bushels of rye, 1,125 tons of hay, 12,417 tons of potatoes, 3,065 bushels of non-potato root crops, and 6,500 pounds of butter. The same summary noted that dairy farming

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924-608: Is a city in Sawyer County, Wisconsin , United States, next to the Namekagon River . Its population was 2,533 at the 2020 census . It is the county seat of Sawyer County. The city is surrounded by the Town of Hayward . The City of Hayward was formally organized in 1883. Before logging, the area that would become Hayward was a forest of pine and hardwoods cut by rivers and lakes. In later years Ojibwe people dominated

1001-455: Is also noted for his major six-volume study of Native Americans commissioned by Congress and published in the 1850s. He served as United States Indian agent in Michigan for a period beginning in 1822. During this period, he named several newly organized counties, often creating neologisms that he claimed were derived from indigenous languages. There he married Jane Johnston , daughter of

1078-756: Is based in Hayward. Founded in 2017, it competed in the Duluth Amateur Soccer League in 2018. In 2019, the Wolfpack became a founding member of the Wisconsin Primary Amateur Soccer League, a United States Adult Soccer Association and WSL-sanctioned league operating in western Wisconsin. Stations received in Hayward from the Duluth area include: Hayward High School and Hayward Middle School serve

1155-463: Is covered by water. Hayward is 71 miles southeast of Superior , 27 miles northeast of Spooner , about 107 miles north of Eau Claire , and 57 miles southwest of Ashland . As of the census of 2010, 2,318 people, 1,048 households, and 550 families resided in the city. The population density was 740.6 inhabitants per square mile (285.9/km ). The 1,227 housing units had an average density of 392.0 per square mile (151.4/km ). The racial makeup of

1232-554: Is now Springfield . They traveled further down the White River into Arkansas , making a survey of the geography , geology , and mineralogy of the area. Schoolcraft published this study in A View of the Lead Mines of Missouri (1819). In this book, he correctly identified the potential for lead deposits in the region . Missouri eventually became the number one lead-producing state. (French colonists had earlier developed

1309-557: Is now recognized for her poetry and other writings as the first Native American literary writer in the United States. Schoolcraft continued to study Native American tribes and publish works about them. In 1833, he was elected as a member of the American Philosophical Society . By 1846, Jane had died. That year, Schoolcraft was commissioned by Congress for a major study, known as Indian Tribes of

1386-773: Is permitted. About 95.7 miles of state-funded ATV trails are available for winter use and 80.8 miles are for summer use. State-owned trails include the Tuscobia Trail (51 miles), which runs from the Flambeau River to the western county line and the Dead Horse Connector (38 miles) in the eastern Flambeau Forest. The trail system also connects to 140 miles of trail within the Chequamegon National Forest . Hayward allows ATVs on some city roads. The annual Chequamegon Fat Tire Festival

1463-472: Is shared by the nearby Lac Courte Oreilles Indian Reservation . In the Ojibwe language , the lake is called Odaawaa-zaaga'iganiing , meaning 'Ottawa Lake,' after another of the Anishinaabe peoples. It was referred to as such (or as "Ottowaw Lake") in early English-language descriptions of the area. French fur trappers , the earliest European explorers in the area, named it Lac Courte Oreilles after

1540-481: Is the county seat of Sawyer County. The mayor as of 2023 was Gary Gillis. U.S. Highway 63 , Wisconsin Highway 27 , Wisconsin Highway 77 , and County Highway B are the main routes in the community. Hayward has a public bus service, Namekagon Transit, which has three separate lines. Route 30 starts at Walmart and runs through the town with stops at Sawyer County Courthouse and Marketplace Foods , and then runs to

1617-448: Is the nation's largest mass-start mountain-bike race. The first Fat Tire Festival was held in 1983 with 27 riders, and in 2008, the race was capped at 2,500 competitors. The two main races include the 40-mile "Chequamegon 40", and the 16-mile "Short and Fat". Participants in the annual Lumberjack World Championships compete in a variety of lumberjack games, such as log rolling , chopping, sawing, and chainsaw events. Hayward hosts

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1694-472: The American Birkebeiner cross-country skiing race, North America's largest cross-country ski marathon. The race started in 1973. No U.S. Ski Team members were in it, or any foreign skiers. Then unknown, it now has over 13,000 skiers race every year. It is one of Hayward's largest and most popular tourist attractions. The Lac Courte Oreilles Band of Ojibwe host several pow-wows throughout

1771-494: The Chippewa Flowage , which are known for yielding trophy-sized muskellunge , northern pike , walleye , and smallmouth bass . It is also home to the "Quiet Lakes" (Teal, Ghost and Lost Land Lakes), which do not allow water sports. The National Fresh Water Fishing Hall of Fame is in Hayward. It contains a 143-foot (44 m) fiberglass muskie, the world's largest fiberglass structure. Tourists can climb up into

1848-554: The Michigan Territorial Governor , Lewis Cass , for a position on an expedition led by Cass to explore the wilderness region of Lake Superior and the lands west to the upper Mississippi River. Beginning in the spring of 1820, Schoolcraft served as a geologist on the Lewis Cass expedition . Beginning in Detroit, they traveled nearly 2,000 miles (3,200 km) along Lake Huron and Lake Superior, west to

1925-747: The Namekagon Portage , and the Namekagon River ) and thence northward to Lake Superior . In describing their visit to the Lac Courte Oreilles Indian village, Carver and another member of the expedition, James Stanley Goddard, said that they were the first white people to have visited the area. They likely did not know about the travels of Radisson and Groseilliers to the area about 1660, more than one hundred years before, and were not likely to have been reading French sources, if available. The 19th-century United States Indian agent in this area, Henry Rowe Schoolcraft , visited

2002-405: The Ojibwe language , as well as much of the lore of the tribe and its culture. Schoolcraft created The Muzzeniegun, or Literary Voyager , a family magazine which he and Jane produced in the winter of 1826–1827 and circulated among friends ("muzzeniegun" coming from Ojibwe mazina'igan meaning "book"). It contained mostly his own writings, although he did include a few pieces from his wife and

2079-784: The Ottawa Anishinaabe peoples living in the area. The French believed they cut off the edges of their ear lobes, so referred to them as the Courtes Oreilles , or 'Short Ears.' An alternative explanation is that some tribes in the region had a practice of distending their earlobes by earrings or other ornaments, and the local people's ears looked short in contrast. But the Indians of the Lac Courte Oreilles area did not practice that custom and had naturally shaped "short" ears. Prior to European exploration,

2156-472: The Treaty of Washington (1836) , by which they ceded to the United States a vast territory of more than 13 million acres (53,000 km ), worth many millions of dollars . He believed that the Ojibwe would be better off learning to farm and giving up their wide hunting lands. The government agreed to pay subsidies and provide supplies while the Ojibwe made a transition to a new way of living, but its provision of

2233-637: The Whig Party came to power in 1841 with the election of William Henry Harrison , Schoolcraft lost his political position as Indian agent. He and Jane moved to New York. She died the next year during a visit with a sister in Canada, while Schoolcraft was traveling in Europe. He continued to write about Native Americans. In 1846 Congress commissioned him to develop a comprehensive reference work on American Indian tribes. Schoolcraft traveled to England to request

2310-555: The Mississippi River, down the river to present-day Iowa, and then returning to Detroit after tracing the shores of Lake Michigan . The expedition was intended to establish the source of the Mississippi River. It was also intended to settle the question of the yet undetermined boundary between the United States and British Canada . The expedition traveled as far upstream as Upper Red Cedar Lake in present-day Minnesota. Since low water precluded navigating farther upstream,

2387-625: The North Woods Beach neighborhood; the other heads on CTH-E and terminates in the unincorporated community of Reserve . Namekagon Transit also has door-stop services in Sawyer, Barron , Washburn , and some parts of Bayfield counties. Sawyer County Airport serves Hayward and the surrounding communities. Hayward is a popular fishing destination because of the many lakes in the area, including Lac Courte Oreilles , Grindstone Lake , Round Lake, Moose Lake, Spider Lake, Windigo Lake, and

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2464-758: The Schoolcraft children. They became alienated from both her and their father. After Schoolcraft's hands became paralyzed in 1848 from a rheumatic condition, Mary devoted much of her attention to caring for him and helping him complete his massive study of Native Americans, which had been commissioned by Congress in 1846. In 1860, she published the novel The Black Gauntlet: A Tale of Plantation Life in South Carolina (which she said her husband had encouraged). One of many pro-slavery books published in response to Harriet Beecher Stowe 's bestselling Uncle Tom's Cabin , such defenses of slavery, published in

2541-543: The Sources of the Mississippi River (1821). In 1821, he was a member of another government expedition, which traveled through Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio. In 1832, he led a second expedition to the headwaters of the Mississippi River. Arriving a month earlier than had the 1820 expedition, he was able to take advantage of higher water to navigate to Lake Itasca . Schoolcraft met his first wife Jane Johnston soon after being assigned in 1822 to Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan , as

2618-526: The United States . It was published in six volumes from 1851 to 1857, and illustrated by Seth Eastman , a career Army officer with extensive experience as an artist of indigenous peoples. Schoolcraft remarried in 1847, to Mary Howard , from a slaveholding family in South Carolina . In 1860 , Howard published the bestselling novel The Black Gauntlet . It was part of the Anti-Tom literature that

2695-492: The area along with much of northern Wisconsin, until the 1837 Treaty of St. Peters , when they ceded it to the U.S. Logging along the Namekagon River had begun by 1864, when government surveyors noted that T. Mackey had a logging camp on the river at what would become Hayward. In the winter of 1878 Anthony Judson Hayward walked up on the ice, assessed mill sites and timber possibilities upstream, and decided to build

2772-735: The area in 1767 while traveling north from the Mississippi River up the Chippewa River . He reported staying at the Indian village on Lac Courte Oreilles (he referred to it as Ottowaw Lakes) from June 22 through 29, 1767. He described the village as being on either side of a channel between two lakes, which he referred to as the Ottowaw Lakes. He next travelled to the St. Croix River (by way of Grindstone Lake , Windigo Lake ,

2849-498: The area of Lac Courte Oreilles was inhabited by the Ojibwa Indians. The first known visit by Europeans to the area was around 1660. Pierre-Esprit Radisson and Médard des Groseilliers travelled from Chequamegon Bay on Lake Superior southward through the area in 1659 and stayed for a period at an Ojibwe village on a lake that has been identified as Lac Courte Oreilles. The English explorer Jonathan Carver passed through

2926-432: The channel between Lac Courte Oreilles and Little Lac Courte Oreilles. Lac Courte Oreilles and this village were well known to traders and explorers of the time, and the village was one of the larger Indian settlements in the area. Schoolcraft listed its population as 504 persons in his report based on his 1832 exploration to the sources of the Mississippi River. This meant that it was one of the largest Indian settlements in

3003-551: The city was 83.3% White, 0.4% African American, 11.8% Native American, 0.9% Asian, 0.3% from other races, and 3.2% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 2.5% of the population. Of the 1,048 households, 27.6% had children under 18 living with them, 32.5% were married couples living together, 14.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 47.5% were not families. About 41.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 20.0% had someone living alone who

3080-501: The city. The population density was 717.2/sq mi (276.8/km ). The1,064 housing units had an average density of 358.4/sq mi (138.3/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 89.62% White, 0.14% African American, 8.08% Native American, 0.66% Asian, 0.56% from other races, and 0.94% from two or more races. About 0.85% of the population were Hispanics or Latinos of any race. Of the 960 households, 26.8% had children under 18 living with them, 38.2% were married couples living together, 13.9% had

3157-424: The community. Lac Courte Oreilles Ojibwa Community College offers several degrees. Hayward officially has one sister city : Henry Schoolcraft Henry Rowe Schoolcraft (March 28, 1793 – December 10, 1864) was an American geographer , geologist , and ethnologist , noted for his early studies of Native American cultures, as well as for his 1832 expedition to the source of the Mississippi River . He

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3234-618: The conditions of American Indians; it was informally known as the Meriam Report , after the technical director of the team, Lewis Meriam .) Schoolcraft died in Washington, D.C., on December 10, 1864. After his death, Schoolcraft's second wife Mary donated over 200 books from his library, which had been published in 35 different Native American languages, to the Boston Athenæum . Schoolcraft and Mary were each buried in

3311-491: The decade before the American Civil War , became known as the anti-Tom genre. Hers became a best-seller, although not on the scale of Stowe's. Schoolcraft began his ethnological research in 1822 during his appointment as US Indian agent at Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan . He had responsibility for tribes in what is now northern Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota. From his wife Jane Johnston, Schoolcraft learned

3388-472: The expedition designated the lake as the river's headwaters and renamed it in honor of Cass . (Schoolcraft noted, however, that locals informed the expedition that it was possible to navigate by canoe farther upstream earlier in the year when water levels were higher.) Schoolcraft's account of the expedition was published as A Narrative Journal of Travels Through the Northwestern Regions...to

3465-542: The first US Indian agent in the region. Two years before, the government had built Fort Brady and wanted to establish an official presence to forestall any renewed British threat following the War of 1812 . The government tried to ensure against British agitation of the Ojibwa . Jane was the eldest daughter of John Johnston , a prominent Scots-Irish fur trader , and his wife Ozhaguscodaywayquay (Susan Johnston), daughter of

3542-479: The fish's mouth and look over the town, as well as Lake Hayward . In addition to fishing, Hayward is also a hot spot for deer hunting, golfing, cross-country skiing , snowmobiling , canoeing, kayaking, horseback riding, and road and mountain biking. Sawyer County has over 600 miles of groomed snowmobile trails, including 335 miles that run through county forests and connect with trails in adjoining counties. ATV (quad bikes) riding along county forest logging roads

3619-711: The former Michigan Territory . He named Leelanau County, Michigan after his wife's pen name of "Leelinau". For those counties established in 1840, he made elisions – the process of joining or merging morphemes that contained abstract ideas from multiple languages – to form unique place names he considered as never previously used in North America. In names such as Alcona , Algoma , Allegan , Alpena , Arenac , Iosco , Kalkaska , Leelanau , Lenawee , Oscoda , and Tuscola , for example, Schoolcraft combined words and syllables from Native American languages with words and syllables from Latin and Arabic . Lake Itasca ,

3696-472: The lake and Ottawa village in 1831. He described the trip from the Namekagon River to Lac Courte Oreilles by way of the Namekagon Portage , Windigo Lake and Grindstone Lake . Schoolcraft visited the Indian village on Lac Courte Oreilles and described it as being located at the outlet of the lake. From Carver's and Schoolcraft's descriptions, the Ottawa village appeared to have been located on either side of

3773-634: The lake is located in the Lac Courte Oreilles Indian Reservation . The shore of the lake is principally occupied by seasonal lake cabins and homes. The lake has an abundance of northern pike , muskie , walleye , bass and other fish , and is a popular fishing destination. Lac Courte Oreilles is now a popular resort area drawing cabin owners and visitors from the Minneapolis-St. Paul , Milwaukee and Chicago metropolitan areas. The name Lac Courte Oreilles

3850-550: The last parcels of land for his sawmill in 1881. Their North Wisconsin Lumber Company dammed the river at the site of the current Hayward dam and built a sawmill, shingle mill, and planing mill to the north, called by 1883 "the Big Mill." That same year the village of Hayward was platted and Sawyer County was established, formed from parts of early versions of Chippewa and Ashland Counties. The village of Hayward

3927-605: The meticulous and knowledgeable illustrations by Eastman. Critics also noted the work's shortcomings, including a lack of index, and poor organization, which made the information almost inaccessible. Almost 100 years later, in 1954, the Bureau of American Ethnology of the Smithsonian Institution prepared and published an index to the volumes. (It was not until 1928 that the US government conducted another overall study of

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4004-548: The milk the children produced from the dairy herd was sold rather than fed to the children. These poor health conditions led to high rates of disease. The death rate during the 1918 flu pandemic was 10 times higher than the Wisconsin average. Students also died from epidemics of measles and pneumonia. Some students were sexually abused by the teachers. For speaking their Native languages, students were punished with beatings, public humiliation, extra chores, and confinement in

4081-545: The promised subsidies was often late and underfunded. The Ojibwe suffered as a result. In 1838 pursuant to the terms of the treaty, Schoolcraft oversaw the construction of the Indian Dormitory on Mackinac Island. The building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places . It provided temporary housing to the Ojibwe who came to Mackinac Island to receive annuities during their transition to what

4158-518: The region. The village's importance was likely associated with the strategic site of Lac Courte Oreilles on the route between the Chippewa River watershed and the St. Croix River watershed. The latter watershed was reached from Lac Courte Oreilles by travelling north and west through Grindstone Lake , Windigo Lake , and over the Namekagon Portage to the Namekagon River in the St. Croix River watershed. Hayward (city), Wisconsin Hayward

4235-598: The school had been identified. The school closed in 1934 and was converted to the Hayward Area Memorial Hospital. Hayward is located at 46°0′36″N 91°28′50″W  /  46.01000°N 91.48056°W  / 46.01000; -91.48056 (46.01, -91.480556). According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has an area of 3.36 square miles (8.70 km ), of which 0.23 sq mi (0.60 km )

4312-527: The school jail. The school jail was a cell with bars in the basement of the boy's dormitory, where children were fed only bread and water. Other students were punished by being forced to kneel on marbles for hours. Hayward students sometimes went out into the woods on the weekends and spoke Ojibwe together since it was forbidden in school. On one occasion, a secret drum dance was held, where students prepared by secretly sewing jingles onto their dresses and practicing their singing at night. The superintendents caught

4389-406: The school's operation, girls were encouraged to practice Native beadwork styles, but by 1910, this had been discontinued. Overcrowding and poor sanitation endangered the students' health. Dishes were rarely cleaned, students slept two to a bed, and during the winter, they crowded into small rooms for indoor activities because the school had no gymnasium. Children were served moldy bread, and most of

4466-523: The school, children were forced to take on Christian names, cut their hair, wear military style uniforms, and march in military formations. Boys and girls were strictly segregated in separate buildings. The curriculum focused on English language, Christian religion, and industrial labor. Provision of teachers was so poor that few students graduated, and graduation certificates were withheld from students who were thought likely to return to their reservations instead of assimilating into white society. The school

4543-475: The second time as commander of the fort, and had closely studied, drawn and painted the people of the Indian cultures of the Great Plains . Schoolcraft worked for years on the history and survey of the Indian tribes of the United States. It was published in six volumes from 1851 to 1857 by J. B. Lippincott & Co. of Philadelphia . Critics praised its scholarship and valuable content by Schoolcraft, and

4620-481: The services of George Catlin to illustrate his proposed work, as the latter was widely regarded as the premier illustrator of Indian life. Schoolcraft was deeply disappointed when Catlin refused. Schoolcraft later engaged the artist Seth Eastman , a career Army officer, as illustrator. An Army captain and later brigadier general, Eastman was renowned for his paintings of Native American peoples. He had two extended assignments at Fort Snelling in present-day Minnesota ,

4697-420: The source lake of the Mississippi River , is another example of his eliding Native American and Latin morphemes. In 1843 the unique names of six counties named in 1840 after Native Michigan chiefs were erased – Kautawaubet County , Kaykakee County , Keskkauko County , Meegisee County , Mikenauk County , and Tonedagana County . But none of the 1840 counties with unique Schoolcraft elisions were changed. When

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4774-463: The source material for Longfellow 's epic poem The Song of Hiawatha . Jane and Henry had four children together: The Schoolcrafts sent Jane and John to a boarding school in Detroit for part of their education. Jane at 11 could handle the transition, but John at nine had a more difficult time and missed his parents. The Schoolcrafts had a literary marriage, producing a family magazine. They included their own poetry in letters to each other through

4851-469: The students and punished them by burning their drums, hitting their knuckles, and forcing the girls to wear signs around their necks reading, "I will not squaw dance". Due to the poor conditions and harsh discipline, runaways were common; in 1920 alone, 69 children ran away from the school. In 2024, the Department of the Interior released a report that stated three students who died during their time at

4928-415: The transfer center at the Sevenwinds Casino, where one can transfer to or from Lines 40 or 60. Route 40 runs in a complete circuit route past Round Lake and to some other rural neighborhoods around the areas, and then arrives back at the transfer center. Route 60 runs south from the casino, making two stops, then diverging into two lines at the LCO Country Store. One heads on CTH-K, and eventually terminates in

5005-447: The true headwaters of the Mississippi River, a lake that the natives called "Omushkos", meaning Elk Lake. which Schoolcraft renamed Lake Itasca , a name which he coined from the Latin words ver itas meaning 'truth' and ca put meaning 'head'. The nearby Schoolcraft River , the first major tributary of the Mississippi, was later named in his honor. United States newspapers widely covered this expedition. Schoolcraft followed up with

5082-413: The upper reaches of the Mississippi to settle continuing troubles between the Ojibwe and Dakota (Sioux) nations. He worked to talk to as many Native American leaders as possible to maintain the peace. He was also provided with a surgeon and given instructions to begin vaccinating Native Americans against smallpox . He determined that smallpox had been unknown among the Ojibwe before the return in 1750 of

5159-430: The year. One of the Midwest's largest pow-wows is held annually on the third weekend of July near Hayward. The Honor the Earth Pow-wow honors Mother Earth and the Creator. The Park Theatre is a performing arts center in Hayward, on Highway 63, operated by the Cable Hayward Area Arts Council. A variety of musical and artistic performances are presented throughout the year. Hayward Wolfpack FC, an amateur soccer club,

5236-516: The years. Jane suffered from frequent illnesses. She died in 1842, while visiting a sister in Canada, and was buried at St. John's Anglican Church, Ancaster, Ontario . On January 12, 1847, after moving to Washington, DC, at age 53 Schoolcraft married again, to Mary Howard (died March 12, 1878). She was a southerner and slaveholder, from an elite planter family of the Beaufort district of South Carolina. Her support of slavery and opposition to mixed-race unions created strains in her relationship with

5313-488: Was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.2 males. For every 100 females 18 and over, there were 81.9 males. The median income for a household in the city was $ 28,421, and for a family was $ 36,287. Males had a median income of $ 30,174 versus $ 20,769 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 16,658. About 10.6% of families and 14.5% of the population were below the poverty line , including 19.5% of those under age 18 and 7.1% of those age 65 or over. Hayward

5390-472: Was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.10 and the average family size was 2.80. The median age in the city was 39.8 years. 23.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.6% were from 25 to 44; 23.5% were from 45 to 64; and 20.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.5% male and 52.5% female. As of the census of 2000, 2,129 people, 960 households, and 530 families were residing in

5467-464: Was a glassmaker , and Schoolcraft initially studied and worked in the same industry. At age 24, he wrote his first paper on the topic, Vitreology (1817). After working in several glassworks in New York, Vermont , and New Hampshire , the young Schoolcraft left the family business at age 25 to explore the western frontier. From November 18 to February 1819, Schoolcraft and his companion Levi Pettibone made an expedition from Potosi, Missouri , to what

5544-488: Was designated its county seat. The mill town and county seat grew. By 1897 "2,000 souls" lived in the village, with 120 men working in the mill. Around that time the mill produced each year about 40 million feet of lumber, 10 million lath , and 4 million shingles, and the whole mill with drying yards covered forty acres. The village had a school, four churches, a bank, a free library, a fire company, and "nearly every Secret Society known to man." The village had electricity and

5621-614: Was envisioned by the US government as a more settled way of life. In 1839 Schoolcraft was appointed Superintendent of Indian Affairs in the Northern Department. He began a series of Native American studies later published as the Algic Researches (2 vols., 1839). These included his collection of Native American stories and legends, many of which his wife Jane Johnston Schoolcraft told him or translated for him from her culture. While in Michigan, Schoolcraft became

5698-515: Was founded to assimilate indigenous children into white Christian American culture. Most of the students were Ojibwe and came from the Lac Courte Oreilles Reservation ten miles away from the school. The school operated until 1934, when it closed due to being understaffed, underfunded, and overcrowded. During its operation, thousands of students passed through the school. Some were taken forcibly from their families. At

5775-413: Was funded in part by the government and in part by the labor of the children in agriculture and sewing. Male children cleared over 260 acres for cultivation. Girls were trained as housewives and lived in the "Homestead Cottage", where a female teacher taught them how to run a household. The girls sold their sewing products to support the school and prepared meals for the other students. In the first decade of

5852-487: Was rapidly increasing in the area. Steady logging eventually depleted most of the pine, and then many of the hardwoods. The Big Mill at Hayward burned in 1922 and was not rebuilt. Logging on a smaller scale has continued ever since, along with agriculture. Meanwhile, tourism has become more and more important. In 1901, the Hayward Indian Residential School was established in Hayward. It

5929-546: Was written in Southern response to the bestselling Uncle Tom's Cabin by Northern abolitionist Harriet Beecher Stowe . Schoolcraft was born in 1793 in Guilderland , Albany County, New York , the son of Lawrence Schoolcraft and Margaret-Anne Barbara (née Rowe) Schoolcraft. He entered Union College at age 15 and later attended Middlebury College . He was especially interested in geology and mineralogy. His father

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