Lady Willingdon Hospital is public hospital is located in Lahore , Punjab , Pakistan . It is a teaching hospital of King Edward Medical College . It is one of the largest maternity hospital in Pakistan. Its history dates back to 1930 when Teka Devi Health Centre was opened as an outpatient clinic for women on the Fort Road, Lahore .
127-505: It has been a teaching institution since 1933, attracting under-graduate, post-graduate and post-fellowship doctors. It is fully recognised for training by the HEC , PMDC , CPSP and the RCOG ( UK ). In 1933, Lt. Col. S. N. Hayes, laid the foundation stone of Lady Willingdon Hospital, naming it after the wife of the 22nd Viceroy of India . He became the hospital's first Medical Superintendent and
254-551: A Bachelor of Science degree. Both Huseyn and his elder brother Hasan studied in St Catherine's College, Oxford . They entertained themselves with D. H. Lawrence , Robert Trevelyn, Bertrand Russell , Hugh Kingsmill , Basanta Kumar Mullick , Kiran Shankar Roy, Apurba Chanda, Sri Prakash, S K Gupta, Surendra Kumar Sen, and Syud Hossain . The elder Suhrawardy (Hasan) was in Oxford when Bengali poet Rabindranath Tagore became
381-555: A Master of Arts in Arabic from Calcutta. Suhrawardy became a barrister . He was called to the Bar of England and Wales through Gray's Inn in 1922–23. His first son Shahab died of pneumonia. His second son Rashid Suhrawardy was a British theatre actor. Rashid starred in the film Jinnah along with Christopher Lee . His granddaughter Shahida Jamil served as Pakistan's law minister. His nieces include Princess Sarvath al-Hassan of
508-730: A Library and Information Centre of the Bangladesh High Commission in India by the city's Waqf board. The Suhrawardy family are regarded as one of the illustrious families of the Indian subcontinent . Claiming themselves as descendants of the first caliph of Islam , the Suhrawardy lineage is traced to Shihab al-Din 'Umar al-Suhrawardi , a Sufi who lived in Baghdad during the 12th century. The Suhrawardiyya order
635-464: A Special Branch Inspector of Calcutta Police at 500,000. The latter figure is impossibly high and the Star of India reporter put it at about 100,000. The main speakers were Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin and Chief Minister Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy. Khwaja Nazimuddin in his speech preached peacefulness and restraint but spoilt the effect and flared up the tensions by stating that till 11 o'clock that morning all
762-424: A bright future through a young, qualified and energetic generation. Eminent scholars from Pakistan deliver interactive lectures on various topics and recorded lectures from foreign universities are also broadcast. The lectures delivered/broadcast are aimed to develop fundamental concepts, to enhance the critical thinking for under-graduate and graduate students and to discuss cutting edge technologies/research work in
889-597: A controversial figure; directly responsible for the 1946 Calcutta Killings , for which he is often referred as the "Butcher of Bengal" in West Bengal . He served as the Prime Minister of Pakistan from 1956 to 1957 and before that as the Prime Minister of Bengal from 1946 to 1947 in British India . In both Pakistan and Bangladesh , Suhrawardy is regarded as a patron of separate homeland for
1016-485: A heart attack. After his death, the Awami League veered towards Bengali nationalism , the 6-point movement , East Pakistani secession and ultimately Bangladeshi independence in 1971. According to Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, "Bengalis had initially failed to appreciate a leader of Mr. Suhrawardy's stature. By the time they learned to value him, they had run out of time". Suhrawardy's only daughter Begum Akhtar Sulaiman
1143-516: A nuclear swimming pool reactor from America in 1956. In 1956, Prime Minister Suhrawardy halted the National Finance Commission (NFC) programme to allocate taxed revenue equally between East and West Pakistan . A poor harvest led to heavy imports that year, mostly in the form of foreign aid, to meet food shortages. The United States agreed to sell $ 46.4 million in rice, wheat, and other farm products, about 80% of which
1270-500: A number of new projects to be undertaken. Pakistan's first foreign engineering university (Pak Austria Fachhochschule) was inaugurated by the Prime Minister of Pakistan in 2020. It incorporates a hybrid model involving a Fachhochschule half and a postgraduate research half, with a central technology park for promotion of innovations. There are eight foreign universities collaborating (three Austrian and five Chinese) to train
1397-528: A statement on a largely uneducated audience is construed by some to be an open invitation to disorder indeed, many of the listeners are reported to have started attacking Hindus and looting Hindu shops as soon as they left the meeting. Subsequently, there were reports of lorries (trucks) that came down Harrison Road in Calcutta, carrying hardline Muslim gangsters armed with brickbats and bottles as weapons and attacking Hindu-owned shops. A 6 pm curfew
SECTION 10
#17327874807161524-430: A value of up to 100 million rupees were also abolished, thereby greatly reducing its powers and effectiveness. While Atta-ur-Rahman is known as the founder and builder of commission, Javaid Laghari is recognized by all academics as the one who saved it from devolution and disintegration. Massive anti-Pakistan Peoples Party demonstration broke out in all over the country over this issue in 2011 and student unions gathered in
1651-585: Is a statutory body formed by the Government of Pakistan which was established in 2002 under the Chairmanship of Atta-ur-Rahman . Its main functions are funding, overseeing, regulating and accrediting the higher education institutions in the country. It was first established in 1974 as University Grants Commission (UGC), and came into its modern form on 11 September 2002 after Atta-ur-Rahman's reforms, which received international praise. The commission
1778-501: Is a list of people who have served as the chairman of the Higher Education Commission. One term lasts four years. Atta-ur-Rehman completed his tenure in 2006, but was given another term till 2010. He resigned on 9 October 2008. Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy ( Bengali : হোসেন শহীদ সোহ্রাওয়ার্দী ; Urdu : حسین شہید سہروردی ; 8 September 1892 – 5 December 1963)
1905-757: Is a lucrative profession in Pakistan. It has tripled the salaries of its scientists in the last few years.". Atta-ur-Rahman was conferred the highest national Award of the Republic of China, the Friendship Award, in September 2014, and then elected as Academician (Foreign Member) of Chinese Academy of Sciences, a prestigious honour for his contributions to develop strong linkages between Pakistan and China in various fields of higher education, science and technology. The President of China Xi Jinping conferred
2032-511: Is aimed for development of various areas in higher education. Since the reforms in higher education have been carried out in 2002, commission has received praise from the international higher education observers. Atta-ur_Rahman has received number of prestigious international awards for the remarkable transformation of the higher education sector under his leadership. German academic Wolfgang Voelter of Tübingen University in Germany over viewed
2159-458: Is appointed by the Prime Minister for a four-year term based upon the requests and recommendations send by the Ministry of Federal Education and Professional Training. According to commission's ordinance, the Prime Minister is the controlling authority and the shortlisted names are to be forwarded to Him for the final say. The Prime Minister reserves the right to re-appoint or give extension to
2286-410: Is governed and chaired by the appointed chairman who is assisted by the secretaries of federal education and professional training and science and technology . The chairman and secretaries are assisted by the additional members who are appointed from the four provinces as well as university vice-chancellors. Other members are included from state and private-sector and executive director. The chairman
2413-742: Is known for his stand on exposing the fake degrees of many parliamentarians, including Ministers, in spite of pressure by the government. A task force was formed on "Technology Driven Knowledge Economy" that is chaired by the Prime Minister Imran Khan and has Atta-ur-Rahman as its Vice Chairman. The group has several Federal Ministers as members including the Federal Minister of Finance, Federal Minister of Planning, Federal Minister of Education, Federal Minister of IT/Telecom, Federal Minister of Science & Technology and chairman Higher Education Commission. The task force has
2540-494: Is no other claim or evidence have been found. Suhrawardy attempted to control the situation by unsuccessfully calling for peace and deployment of the Indian Army in Calcutta with no success. The riots ended with thousand deaths and the Indian press blaming Suhrawardy of obstructing the police work, which is well documented by several authors and eyewitnesses. According to authorities, the riots were instigated by members of
2667-533: Is not strictly applied in undergraduate research classes. In spite of its achievements, it was criticized by Pervez Hoodbhoy , a nuclear physicist and a professor at the Quaid-e-Azam University , who maintained that "commission have made higher education more expensive." These views have been opposed by numerous eminent national and international scholars and scientists in the country and abroad. A strongly worded article against Hoodbhoy's views
SECTION 20
#17327874807162794-793: Is one of the major Sunni orders of Sufism . His grandfather, Ubaidullah Al Ubaidi Suhrawardy , was a Dhaka -based Sufi leader of the Bengali Renaissance and buried beside the Lalbagh Fort . His father Justice Sir Zahid Suhrawardy was a Judge of the Calcutta High Court . His brother Hasan Shaheed Suhrawardy was a linguist, poet, art-critic and diplomat. His uncles included Lieutenant Colonel Hassan Suhrawardy and Sir Abdullah Al-Mamun Suhrawardy . His cousin Shaista Suhrawardy Ikramullah
2921-429: Is responsible for formulating higher education policy and quality assurance to meet the international standards as well as providing accrediting academic degrees, development of new institutions and uplift of existing institutions in Pakistan. The commission also facilitated the development of higher educational system in the country with the main purpose of upgrading the universities and degree awarding institutes in
3048-507: Is set for the development on science and higher education, particularly distributed to the commission, highest in the financial history of Pakistan. By 2008, as a result of its policy and financial successes, most universities had become strong proponents of the Higher Education Commission. Quality had increased significantly and several institutions were on their way to becoming world-class institutions. Many expatriate Pakistanis returned from abroad with access to competitive salaries. Besides
3175-874: The Calcutta Khilafat Committee during the 1920s amid the dissolution of the Ottoman caliphate and the Turkish War of Independence ; the Bengal Muslim Election Board; the United Muslim Party; and the Independent Muslim Party. In 1937, Suhrawardy was elected to the newly formed Bengal Legislative Assembly . He was appointed as Minister of Commerce and Labor in the cabinet of the 1st Prime Minister of Bengal A. K. Fazlul Huq . In 1940,
3302-732: The Central Treaty Organization (CENTO). He was not keen on nonalignment which was strongly pursued by neighboring India. Suhrawardy toured the United States, was hosted by President Eisenhower at the White House , and met with American movie stars in Hollywood . In domestic policy, Suhrawardy addressed issues of nuclear energy , foreign aid utilization, food policy, the One Unit framework, and building up
3429-504: The Constituent Assembly of Pakistan . Later, a separate meeting of legislators from West Bengal decided by 58 votes to 21 that the province should be partitioned and that West Bengal should join the Constituent Assembly of India . In another separate meeting of legislators from East Bengal, it was decided by 106 votes to 35 that the province should not be partitioned and 107 votes to 34 that East Bengal should join Pakistan in
3556-686: The Dominion of Pakistan , with residences in the federal capital Karachi and the provincial capital Dhaka . His cousin Begum Shaista Suhrawardy Ikramullah called for Pakistan's constituent assembly to convene in Dacca as East Bengal was home to the majority of Pakistan's population. Suhrawardy joined the Awami League , a party formed in 1949 to counter the erstwhile ruling Muslim League. Suhrawardy emerged as
3683-606: The Great Calcutta Killings in 1946. The Muslim League called a strike to press its demand for the creation of Pakistan . The strike degenerated into brutal and widespread Hindu-Muslim riots in which thousands were killed on both sides. The riots were seen by some as the last nail in the coffin for Hindu-Muslim unity in British India. Troubles started on the morning of 16 August. Even before 10 o'clock Police Headquarters at Lalbazar had reported that there
3810-525: The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan ; the late Bangladeshi barrister Salma Sobhan ; and the film-maker Naz Ikramullah. Suhrawardy was credited as a pioneering modern political organizer in Bengal. He created 36 trade unions among sailors, railway employees, jute and cotton mills workers, rickshaw pullers, cart drivers and other working class groups dominated by Bengali Muslims . Suhrawardy joined
3937-537: The Lahore Resolution was adopted by Indian Muslim leaders calling for the creation of independent states in eastern and northwestern India; it was unclear if the resolution implied a single state covering the two Muslim-majority regions of India or multiple states. Suhrawardy served as Minister of Civil Supplies in the cabinet of the 2nd Prime Minister of Bengal Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin . According to author Thomas Keneally , Suhrawardy blamed black marketers and
Lady Willingdon Hospital - Misplaced Pages Continue
4064-649: The National Assembly , Prime Minister Suhrawardy faced pressure from provincialists over the One Unit. West Pakistani provincialists wanted to restore the previous four provinces of Sind , Balochistan , Punjab and the North West Frontier Province . Large rallies were held in West Pakistan against the One Unit. Prime Minister Suhrawardy, however, did not pay attention to the issue. While East Pakistanis also objected to
4191-905: The Partition of India . His premiership was notable for his proposal to create a Free State of Bengal and failing to prevent the Great Calcutta Killings . Muhammad Ali Jinnah , leader of the Muslim League, supported an independent Bengal; this was strongly opposed by the Congress Party . In 1947, the Bengal Assembly voted to partition the territory. Suhrawardy briefly remained in India after partition to attend to his ailing father and manage his family's property. He eventually moved to Pakistan and divided his time between Karachi (Pakistan's federal capital) and Dhaka (capital of East Pakistan ). In Dhaka, Suhrawardy emerged as
4318-491: The Statistics Division and published by Isani, around 430,000 students were enrolled in different universities to pursue their higher education over the fiscal period of 1960–65 . From 1965 to 1971, the government spent 173.8 million rupees on the education sector as opposed to actual allocations of ₨. 278.6 million. After the 1971 war with India which saw the separation of East Pakistan as Bangladesh ,
4445-710: The Swaraj Party led by Bengali Hindu secularist C. R. Das in 1923. He became the Deputy Mayor of Calcutta in 1924. After the death of Das, Suhrawardy turned to Indian Muslim nationalism . He emerged as a leader of the Bengal Provincial Muslim League (BPML), the provincial wing of the Muslim League which his father Zahid had earlier helped create in 1912. Suhrawardy formed several Bengali Muslim political groups, including
4572-764: The US Ambassador to the United Kingdom Lewis Williams Douglas that there was a "distinct possibility Bengal might decide against partition and against joining either Hindustan or Pakistan". Douglas cabled the State Department about the matter. On 20 June 1947, the Bengal Legislative Assembly met to vote on the partition of Bengal. At the preliminary joint session, the assembly decided by 126 votes to 90 that if it remained united it should join
4699-502: The centrist leader of the Awami League; while Maulana Bhashani represented more radical leftist factions. The Awami League was often allied with the centre-left Krishak Praja Party of A. K. Fazlul Huq. Suhrawardy's chief protégé in East Bengal was Sheikh Mujibur Rahman , to whom Suhrawardy delegated political responsibilities. Suhrawardy was appointed law minister in 1953 in the cabinet of Prime Minister Mohammad Ali Bogra . He
4826-587: The 'Great Calcutta Killings' after the Calcutta riots : " There is hardly a person in Calcutta who has a good word for Suhrawardy, respectable Muslims included. For years he has been known as "The king of the goondas" and my own private opinion is that he fully anticipated what was going to happen, and allowed it to work itself up, and probably organised the disturbance with his goonda gangs as this type of individual has to receive compensation every now and again. " According to Tathagata Roy , Suhrawardy had pre-planned
4953-684: The 18th amendment and guaranteeing its autonomy. Based on the position taken by the chairman HEC, the court issued verdicts against the government's decision. Ultimately, the Supreme Court rendered its verdict on the petition to preserve the autonomy of commission, paralyzing any efforts of government to devolve it. Following a political appointment of Tariq Banuri as Chairman HEC in 2018, a large number of Higher Education programmes were stopped or severely curtailed, including international scholarships, research grants programme, and free access to scientific instrumentation, with consequences that led to
5080-542: The 1920s as a trade union leader in Calcutta . He was initially associated with the Swaraj Party . He joined the All-India Muslim League and became one of the leaders of the Bengal Provincial Muslim League (BPML). Suhrawardy was elected to the Bengal Legislative Assembly in 1937. In 1946, Suhrawardy led the BPML to decisively win the provincial general election . He served as Bengal's last premier until
5207-534: The Awami League formed a coalition with Pakistan's Republican Party to unseat the previous government. Suhrawardy became the fifth Prime Minister of Pakistan and the second premier under the 1956 Constitution of Pakistan . Suhrawardy was known as a pro- American politician. He also cultivated pragmatic ties with Communist China . Suhrawardy supported the American-led Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) and
Lady Willingdon Hospital - Misplaced Pages Continue
5334-1037: The Bengal Provincial Muslim League (BPML) to a decisive victory. The Muslim League's biggest success was in Bengal where out of 119 seats for Muslims, the BPML won 113. Suhrawardy was supported by the League's chief Muhammad Ali Jinnah to assume the premiership of Bengal. Suhrawardy's cabinet included himself as home minister; Mohammad Ali of Bogra as finance, health and local government minister; Syed Muazzemuddin Hossain as education minister; Ahmed Hossain as agriculture, forest and fisheries minister; Nagendra Nath Roy as judicial and legislative minister; Abul Fazal Muhammad Abdur Rahman as cooperatives and irrigation Minister; Abul Gofran as civil supplies minister; Tarak Nath Mukherjee as waterways minister; Fazlur Rahman as land minister; and Dwarka Nath Barury as works minister. Suhrawardy's tenure as premier saw
5461-917: The British government's plan to partition India's most populous province; he was supported by the Governor of Bengal Frederick Burrows , Sarat Chandra Bose of the Indian National Congress , Kiran Shankar Roy of the Congress Parliamentary Party, Satya Ranjan Bakshi, Secretary of the Bengal Provincial Muslim League Abul Hashim , Bengal Finance Minister Mohammad Ali Chaudhury, Bengal Revenue Minister Fazlur Rahman and Tippera politician Ashrafuddin Chowdhury. Suhrawardy stated
5588-531: The Calcutta Police). The version in the former's report was—"He [the Chief Minister] had seen to police and military arrangements who would not interfere". The version of the latter's was—"He had been able to restrain the military and the police". However, the police did not receive any specific order to "hold back". So, whatever Suhrawardy may have meant to convey by this, the impression of such
5715-620: The East Asian country was model to emulate in development. He addressed a joint sitting of the Philippines Congress during which he expressed support for SEATO and continued to call for decolonization. Suhrawardy's short-lived premiership came to an end when he resigned under pressure from President Iskander Mirza in 1957. Suhrawardy was arrested by the martial law government after the 1958 military coup in Pakistan . While in jail, he wrote to his niece Salma Sobhan on
5842-417: The Higher Education Commission under the leadership of Atta-ur-Rahman. In 2010, the altering of Eighteenth Amendment , whose clause was directed to devolved the commission, was strongly resisted by academicians, politicians, social activists and media personality; a strong lobby for the protection of commission was instituted by scientists Atta-ur-Rahman and Javaid Laghari . Scientists and academicians from
5969-528: The International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences at University of Karachi. Currently there are more than 150 universities across Pakistan which are availing this facility for conducting lectures, meetings and other events etc. More than 5000 lectures have been delivered and these are stored on the web. At the end of every academic year, a 3 credit hour research-based activity is not envisioned. The attendance criteria of 70 – 75 percent
6096-509: The Lady Willingdon Hospital. 31°35′N 74°18′E / 31.583°N 74.300°E / 31.583; 74.300 This article about a hospital in Pakistan is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about Lahore is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Higher Education Commission (Pakistan) The Higher Education Commission (colloquially known as HEC )
6223-466: The Legislature respectively, excluding Europeans". The British government seriously considered of the option of an independent Bengal. British commercial interests in Bengal required safeguards. The United States was also briefed on the possibility of three countries emerging out of partition, including Pakistan, India, and Bengal. On 2 June 1947, British Prime Minister Clement Attlee informed
6350-487: The Muslim League and its affiliate Volunteer Corps after listening to the speeches made by Khwaja Nazimuddin and Suhrawardy, in the city in order to enforce the declaration by the Muslim League that Muslims were to 'suspend all business' to support their demand for an independent Pakistan. However, supporters of the Muslim League believed that the Congress Party was behind the violence in an effort to weaken
6477-583: The Muslims, especially for Bengali Muslims , for which he is revered as one of the founding statesmen of Pakistan. Suhrawardy was a scion of one of British Bengal's most prominent Muslim families, the Suhrawardy family . His father Sir Zahid Suhrawardy was a judge of the high court in Bengal. Suhrawardy studied law in Oxford . After returning to India, he joined the Indian independence movement during
SECTION 50
#17327874807166604-491: The One Unit for renaming East Bengal as East Pakistan, opposition among ethnic groups to the One Unit was stronger in West Pakistan . Suhrawardy's one-year tenure was unable to introduce the joint electorate. Since 1932, elections in Pakistan's provinces were held under the "separate electorate" system of dividing seats in parliament among religious groups in accordance with the colonial-era Communal Award . Abolishing
6731-404: The Pakistan Academy of Sciences, PAS held a nationwide conference in 2011 under the Presidency of Atta-ur-Rahman to gain public support for the protection of commission at the public level. During this ongoing debate, the then chairman, Javaid Laghari who was former technocrat Senator from Pakistan Peoples Party and President of a private university SZABIST as well, declared that the devolution of
6858-444: The Pakistan government funding, a large financial endowment is distributed by the United States Government as part of its funding to the universities. Prioritizing the expansion of the higher education in the country, the commission's financial budget is estimated near 57.8 billion rupees, more than that of Pakistan Steel Mills , Pakistan International Airlines (PIA) or any other state-owned enterprises ’ allocations. The budget
6985-549: The Prime Minister asked the British Army to intervene against hooligans even before that speech. Making use of recently disclosed or hitherto unused sources, he also revealed that Suhrawardy was at odds with Muslim League's radical fraction also after Noakhali riots; however, in some other cases of the Hindu-Muslim armed fights (primarily in Calcutta during Spring 1947) he did less to stop the acts of violence than he could, what made him - according to Flasiński - guilty by negligence. Suhrawardy died in Beirut , Lebanon in 1963 due to
7112-495: The Prime Minister. In this Ministry, the Prime Minister would be a Muslim and the Home Minister a Hindu. Pending the final emergence of a Legislature and a Ministry under the new constitutions, Hindus (including Scheduled Caste Hindus) and Muslims would have an equal share in the Services, including military and police. The Services would be manned by Bengalis. A Constituent Assembly composed of 30 persons, 16 Muslims and 14 non-Muslims, would be elected by Muslim and non-Muslim members of
7239-406: The Punjab and among forty colleges expanded to four provinces of Pakistan. Education policy revised by Prime Minister of Pakistan Liaquat Ali Khan , the government established various universities and colleges in all over the country. The same year, Mohammad Ali Jinnah held a National Education Conference (also known as Pakistan Education Conference) of academicians and state holders to revise
7366-407: The United States and their cause , a policy that was pursued by the successive administrations. On 10 July 1957, Prime Minister Suhrawardy paid an official visit to the United States where he met with President Dwight Eisenhower . Suhrawardy accepted Eisenhower's request to lease a base in Pakistan from which the United States Air Force could gather intelligence about the Soviet Union . In return,
7493-421: The United States distributed $ 2.142 billion in aid to Pakistan, including supersonic F-104 Starfighters and M48 Patton tanks. Suhrawardy's party, the Awami League, split over his signing of the US-Pakistan military pact, with Maulana Bhasani leaving to form the National Awami Party (NAP). The 1960 U-2 incident severely compromised the national security of Pakistan when Soviet Union eventually discovered
7620-502: The base through interrogating its pilot . Prime Minister Suhrawardy was invited by the Soviet Union for an informal visit but he declined. In 1956, Prime Minister Suhrawardy became the Pakistan's first Prime Minister to visit China . Suhrawardy's India policy was at times critical. He demanded a fair share of water sharing on transboundary rivers. Suhrawardy visited Afghanistan and pledged to work for regional peace, decolonization and stability. Suhrawardy also visited Japan and felt
7747-403: The central government in New Delhi for the Bengal famine of 1943 during World War II , and claimed he worked tirelessly on relief. Viceroy Lord Wavell , however, believed that Suhrawardy was corrupt, that he "siphoned money from every project that was undertaken to ease the famine, and awarded to his associates contracts for warehousing, the sale of grain to governments, and transportation." On
SECTION 60
#17327874807167874-413: The commission unconstitutional. Laghari also went on a media and public speaking and OpEd writing campaign to save the higher education sector from the clutches of politicians. The status of the Executive Director as equivalent to a Federal Secretary was taken away by the Pakistan Peoples Party government and its powers to approve projects through holding Departmental Developmental Working Projects (DDWP) of
8001-449: The commission, Fulbright and others." The reforms brought about by Atta-ur-Rahman were also applauded by the United Nations Commission on Science and Technology for Development (UNCSTD) which reported that the "progress made was breath-taking and has put Pakistan ahead of comparable countries in numerous aspects." In limited time, it established and provided free access to scientific literature by high-speed Internet for all universities,
8128-417: The communal character which it was to retain throughout. The meeting began around 2 pm though processions of Muslims from all parts of Calcutta had started assembling since the midday prayers . A large number of the participants were reported to have been armed with iron bars and lathis (bamboo sticks). The numbers attending were estimated by a Central Intelligence Officer's reporter at 30,000 and by
8255-431: The country to be focal point of the high learning of education, research and development. Over several years, it has played an important and leading role towards building a knowledge-based economy in Pakistan by giving out hundreds of doctoral scholarships for education abroad every year. At the time of establishment of Pakistan on 14 August 1947 , the country had only one institution of higher learning, University of
8382-508: The designated chairman. Though the executive director is the administrative head of the commission, almost every decision in the commission is taken with the consent of the chairman. Science is a lucrative profession in Pakistan and the official science policy in Pakistan plays a major role in the development of budget in the country for fiscal years. Since revitalized in 2002, the commission's budget increased up to ~340.2% in terms of fiscal period of 2001–06 . Around 50%–70% of federal budget
8509-487: The developments that have taken place as a result of the reforms, since Pakistan has emerged as the country with the highest increase in the percentage of high highly cited papers in comparison to the BRIC countries. To facilitate distance education and to promote information technology, a number of facilitating measures were taken by Atta-ur-Rahman. As of 2020, Pakistan has 85% teledensity with 183 million cellular, 98 million 3G/4G and 101 million broadband subscribers, due to
8636-444: The event of partition. Communal violence broke out across India, especially in the Punjab and Bengal's Noakhali district . Suhrawardy traveled to Noakhali with Mahatma Gandhi to restore order; Gandhi and Suhrawardy also had deliberations in Calcutta. After the transfer of power on 14–15 August 1947, Suhrawardy continued to remain in India for a few years where he attended to ailing members of his family. He eventually settled down in
8763-410: The faculty, control quality, and eventually offer their degrees to selected students. It is located in Haripur , Hazara Division , about 50 miles from Islamabad. Similar foreign engineering universities are in the process of being established in Sialkot, and in lands behind Prime Minister House, Islamabad. The commission's main programs are following: Active and listed Division(s): The commission
8890-444: The federal government installations to oppose the merger. In 2012, two petitions signed by Atta ur Rahman were filed before the Supreme Court of Pakistan against the devolution of the commission and to preserve its autonomy. The Supreme Court approved the petitions, and Javaid Laghari, the then chairman, in the HEC submission to the Supreme Court, opposed the devolution on constitutional grounds, thereby preventing its devolution under
9017-402: The fields of modern sciences for students and faculty members. Interactive lectures from foreign universities are also arranged. Nobel Laureates/Eminent scientists/researchers are invited to deliver lectures to share their knowledge/research work. The nationwide distance education programme is being implemented by Latif Ebrahim Jamal National Science Information Center, which is an integral part of
9144-524: The first 6 years of commission under Atta-ur-Rahman as "Pakistan's golden period in higher education". Recently, Thomson Reuters in an independent assessment of Pakistan's progress in international publications has acknowledged that in the last decade there has been a fourfold increase in international publications and a tenfold growth in highly cited papers, statistics that were better than the BRIC countries. American academic Fred M. Hayward has also praised
9271-419: The first Asian to win a Nobel Prize in 1913. His brother Hasan later recounted that "it is difficult now for me to recapture the elation and the ecstasy of those days, but I remember distinctly that look of awe which was in my landlady's eyes when she brought in the breakfast with the morning newspaper containing the scoop". Suhrawardy obtained further degrees, including a Bachelor of Civil Law from Oxford and
9398-479: The first Pakistani premier to travel to Communist China . His pro-US foreign policy caused a split in the Awami League in East Pakistan, with Maulana Bhashani forming the break-away pro- Maoist National Awami Party . Suhrawardy's premiership lasted for a year. His central cabinet included figures like Sir Feroz Khan Noon as Foreign Minister and Abul Mansur Ahmad as Trade Minister. Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
9525-423: The fiscal period of 1960–65 in a joint collaboration led by Ministry of Finance , Ministry of Federal Education and Professional Training (the then called Ministry of Education), University Grants Commission and Planning Commission . Colleges were transformed into full-scale research universities and special research institutes were established in all over the country. According to the calculations performed by
9652-456: The following:- Let us pause for a moment to consider what Bengal can be if it remains united. It will be a great country, indeed the richest and the most prosperous in India capable of giving to its people a high standard of living, where a great people will be able to rise to the fullest height of their stature, a land that will truly be plentiful. It will be rich in agriculture, rich in industry and commerce and in course of time it will be one of
9779-453: The foundations laid by Atta-ur-Rahman of the IT and telecom industry during 2000–2008. The situation in the higher education sector deteriorated in the subsequent decade with the rankings of all universities slipping badly. Javaid Laghari was the second chairman from 2009 to 2013 who tried to continue the higher education reforms despite serious cuts in funding and opposition by the government. He
9906-400: The fragile Muslim League government in Bengal, further generating the controversy about the real culprits. Historian Joya Chatterji allocates much of the responsibility to Suhrawardy, for setting up the confrontation and failing to stop the rioting, but points out that Hindu leaders were also culpable. A senior intelligence operative wrote to a senior British officer based at Fort William after
10033-536: The greatest annual increase in research articles in the world (21%) in 2018. A number of institutions have been named after Rahman including the "Atta-ur-Rahman Institute of Natural Product Discovery" (RIND) at Malaysia’s largest university, Universiti Teknologi MARA and the Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences at National University of Science & Technology in Islamabad. More recently,
10160-438: The higher education sector. The Austrian government conferred its highest civil award (“Grosse Goldene Ehrenzeischen am Bande") in recognition of his eminent contributions. Nature, a leading science journal, has also written a number of editorials and articles about the transformation brought about in Pakistan in the higher education sector under the commission. In an article entitled "Pakistan Threat to Indian Science" published in
10287-717: The highest scientific award of China to the Pakistani scientist Atta-ur-Rahman in the Great Hall of the People in Beijing on 10 January 2020. He thus became the first scientist of the Muslim world to receive this Award. The next chairman Javaid Laghari continued the reforms initiated earlier but focused mostly on quality and research. During his four-year tenure, emphasis was given to commercialization of research carried out in
10414-604: The initiative of dissolving the University Grants Commission and establishing a new autonomous organisation which was completely independent of the Federal Ministry of Education – the Higher Education Commission. The Chairman of the Higher Education Commission was given the status of a Federal Minister, while its Executive Director was given the status of a Federal Secretary. President Musharraf invited scientist and chemist Atta-ur-Rahman , who
10541-599: The injured persons were Muslims, and the Muslim community had only retaliated in self-defence. The Special Branch of Calcutta Police had sent only one shorthand reporter to the meeting, with the result that no transcript of the Chief Minister's speech is available. But the Central Intelligence Officer and a reporter, who Frederick Burrows believed was reliable, deputed by the military authorities agree on one statement (not reported at all by
10668-583: The joint electorate was a key demand of the Awami League. At the National Assembly , the Awami League initiated constitutional reforms to restore the joint electorate system but faced opposition from the Muslim League . Suhrawardy established the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC). He appointed Dr. Nazir Ahmad as its chairman. Suhrawardy supported the Atoms for Peace initiative. Suhrawardy also released funds to import
10795-695: The leader of the Bengali -dominated Awami League which became the principal opposition party to the Pakistan Muslim League . In 1956, the centre-left Awami League formed a coalition government with the military-backed Republican Party to unseat the Muslim League. Suhrawardy became Prime Minister in the coalition government. He forged stronger ties with the United States by leading Pakistan's diplomacy in SEATO and CENTO . He also became
10922-476: The leading Chinese University on Traditional Medicine in Changsha, Hunan has named a research institute in honour of Atta-ur-Rahman,(“Academician Professor Atta-ur-Rahman One Belt and One Road TCM Research Center”) in recognition of his eminent contributions to uplift science in Pakistan and to establish strong linkages with China. Atta-ur-Rahman has won four international awards for the revolutionary changes in
11049-680: The leading daily newspaper Hindustan Times, India, it has been reported that C. N. R. Rao , chairman of the Indian Prime Minister 's Scientific Advisory Council made a presentation to the Indian Prime Minister at the rapid progress made by Pakistan in the higher education sector under the leadership of Atta-ur-Rahman. It was reported that as result of the reforms brought about in Pakistan " Pakistan may soon join China in giving India serious competition in science". "Science
11176-537: The mandate to promote research in technology fields and to initiate projects that can use science and technology for sustainable and equitable socio-economic development. Another task force of Prime Minister on science & technology has been formed with Atta-ur-Rahman as its chairman. As a result of the efforts of the Task Forces headed by Atta-ur-Rahman, the development budget of the Federal Ministry of Science and technology has been enhanced by over 600%, allowing
11303-479: The military. His staunchly pro-Western foreign policy was opposed by Bengali radicals led by Maulana Bhashani who caused a split in the Awami League. However, Suhrawardy was elected as President of the Awami League. His cabinet included Feroz Khan Noon and Abul Mansur Ahmed among others. Initially promising to review the One Unit framework in the 1956 constitution, Prime Minister Suhrwardy later backtracked. At
11430-501: The national ideology. President Zia's policies led to the fundamentalist ideas flaring in the higher education system in the country. In 1992, Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif announced a "National Education Policy 1992" (NEP-92) to streamline the process of higher education. This was followed by the Eighth Five-year Plans launched by Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto in 1993 which focused on primary education. Prior to
11557-502: The new education policy was announced with the implementation of nationalization program in 1972, by the Pakistan Peoples Party . Under this policy, all two-year colleges were transformed to university status under the state-controlled policy, and privatized universities were nationalized. During this time, Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto had spent 70% of natural resources on higher education efforts; enrollment in
11684-414: The objectives of this project a primary objective of introduction of Video Conferencing facility, launched by Atta-ur-Rahman, is to enhance students teachers interaction through distance learning, bridge the gap of good faculty, meet the shortage of faculty members at the universities located at far-flung areas and ultimately to uplift the standard of education in Pakistan. The commission aims to give Pakistan
11811-546: The occasion of her wedding to Rehman Sobhan , calling Salma "preternaturally transcendentally intelligent". Suhrawardy is often subjected to criticism by in India for failing to prevent the Direct Action Day riots. According to them, Suhrawardy and other Muslim League leaders reportedly delivered provocative speeches reminding the Bengali Muslims of the historical Islamic victory and urged them to follow
11938-633: The other hand, Indian author, Madhushree Mukherjee, laid major responsibility of this famine to British Prime Minister Winston Churchill who wanted the ration for war efforts only and had refrained the U.S. aid to Bengal . Suhrawardy was further accused of practising a Scorched-Earth Policy to counter the Japanese Army 's advances in the East and supervised to burn thousand fishing boats to block any potential movement of invading Japanese Army troops. These measures aggravated starvation and famine and
12065-504: The performance of commission under the leadership of Atta-ur-Rahman and described the reforms as "A miracle happened." After teaching and visiting in 15 universities of Pakistan, Voelter wrote that the "scenario of education and science and technology in Pakistan has changed dramatically, as never before in the history of the country. The chairperson of the Senate Standing Committee on Education recently announced
12192-412: The policy of higher education in the country, as he stated: ... The importance of education and the type of education cannot be over-emphasized ... There is no doubt that the future of our state of Pakistan will and must greatly depend upon the type of education we give to our children and the way in which we bring them up as future citizens of Pakistan.... We should not forget that we have to compete with
12319-532: The positions of President and Prime Minister rotated among Muslims and Christians. The five-point plan stated that "On the announcement by His Majesty's Government that the proposal of the Free State of Bengal had been accepted and that Bengal would not be partitioned, the present Bengal Ministry would be dissolved. A new interim Ministry would be brought into being, consisting of an equal number of Muslims and Hindus (including Scheduled Caste Hindus) but excluding
12446-567: The powerful and progressive states of the world. If Bengal remains united this will be no dream, no fantasy. On 20 May 1947, a five-point plan was outlined for a "Free State of Bengal", echoing the legacy of the name of the Irish Free State . The plan was based on a confessionalist structure with power-sharing between Hindus and Muslims. It mirrored some of the confessionalist practices adopted in French Lebanon in 1926, where
12573-491: The reform process undertaken by Pakistan, admitting that "since 2002, a number of extraordinary changes have taken place." Hayward pointed out that "over the last six years almost 4,000 scholars have participated in PhD programs in Pakistan in which more than 600 students have studied in foreign PhD programs." The commission instituted major upgrades for scientific laboratories, rehabilitating existing educational facilities, expanding
12700-556: The relief was only ordered when Lord Wavell became the Viceroy , using the Indian Army to organise relief. However, by that time, the winter crop had arrived and famine conditions had already eased, after millions had earlier perished. Calcutta's Hindu-owned newspapers had become very critical of his role and the Bengali Hindus held him directly responsible for the famine. During the 1946 general election , Suhrawardy led
12827-436: The removal of Banuri before his tenure ended and the appointment of Farooq Bazai as Acting Chairman. The National Accountability Bureau also started investigations of allegations of corruption against Banuri, particularly those related to cronyism, and misuse of public funds. Investigations have also been initiated against Banuri for falsely declaring himself as a tenured Professor before the selection committee. The following
12954-446: The research support and overseeing the development of one of the best digital libraries in the region. Seeking to meeting the international standard, a quality assurance and accreditation process was also established, of which, ~95% of students sent abroad for training returned, an unusually high result for a developing country in response to improved salaries and working conditions at universities as well as bonding and strict follow-up by
13081-494: The riot long back, evident from the fact that demographic changes were being made in the Calcutta Police constabulary. Recently, Polish scholar Tomasz Flasiński expressed another opinion about Suhrawardy. His research proved, inter alia, that Suhrawardy's famous speech during the first day of Calcutta Riot urged Muslims to come back to their homes instead of (as it was often suggested) encouraging them to riot, and in fact
13208-580: The same way on 16 August. The historian Devendra Panigrahi, in his book India's Partition: The Story of Imperialism in Retreat , quotes from 13 August 1946 issue of Muslim League mouthpiece The Star of India , "Muslims must remember that ... it was in Ramazan that the permission for jehad was granted by Allah. It was in Ramazan that the Battle of Badr, the first open conflict between Islam and Heathenism,
13335-404: The stock exchange met with President Mirza to address their concerns and issues. Suhrawardy in 1957 described Pakistan's foreign policy as "friendship towards all and malice towards none", a phrase which was later adopted as Bangladesh's foreign policy. Suhrawardy is also considered to be one of the pioneers of Pakistan's foreign policy aimed, directed, and set towards excessively supporting
13462-413: The tenfold increase in highly cited papers from Pakistan as a result of the remarkable reform process under Javaid Laghari, and concluded that the rate of increase was higher than Brazil, Russia, India and China. The creation of commission has had a positive impact on higher education and research culture in Pakistan from 2002 to 2013 under the leaderships of both Atta-ur-Rahman and Javaid Laghari. Among
13589-441: The unanimous conclusion that commission's program initiated under the leadership of Atta-ur-Rahman is a "best-practice" example for developing countries aiming at building their human resources and establishing an innovative, technology-based economy." According to an analysis carried out by Clarivate Analytics and reported in the world's leading journal Nature, as a result of the reforms introduced by Atta-ur-Rahman, Pakistan achieved
13716-418: The universities and units to commercialize university research established in most public sector universities. Research output out of Pakistan increased by over 50% within three years, which was the second highest increase worldwide. According to Scimago world scientific database, if Pakistan continues at the same pace, its ranking will increase from 43 to 27 globally by 2017. In 2016, Thomson Reuters acknowledged
13843-433: The universities increased to 56%. Prime Minister Bhutto sought integrated social change and economic progress through nationalization. In 1974, the University Grants Commission was officially established by an Act of Parliament . In 1979, President Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq 's policies announced "The National Education Policy, 1979" (NEP-79) which saw the harmonization of higher education in Pakistan with Islamic concepts and
13970-421: The upgrade of research equipment accessible across the country and the program of establishing new universities of science and technology, including science parks attracted the foreign investors, prove the efficiency and the long-term benefits for the country enabled. The United Nations Commission on Science and Technology for Development has closely monitored the development in Pakistan in the past years, coming to
14097-547: The view of the Badshashi Mosque and the Minar-e-Pakistan. According to locals, it would be unwise to relocate the hospital, given the fact that the institution is catering to thousands of people living in this densely populated area. Despite the opposition from locals and the doctors' community, in 2014 a chunk of 44 kanal land was identified behind Lorry Adda (Badamai Bagh) for constructing a new building of
14224-412: The world which is moving very fast in this direction.... Many recommendations were directed and accepted by the government to established the University Grants Commission as a federal regulatory institution. Efforts led by Prime Minister Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy led to the imposition of Soviet-oriented first five-year plans which explained the first official education policy in 1956. The first plan
14351-420: The year 2000, different higher education policies, priorities and the need of competition between the political forces in Pakistan led to disturbances in the higher education sector as well as adversely affecting the University Grants Commission's ability. The inadequate financial funding and policy implementation never matched the need of higher education in the country. In 2002, President Pervez Musharraf took
14478-579: Was Federal Minister of Science and Technology, to be its first chair, and immediately passed the Presidential Ordinance on 11 September 2002 to establish the Higher Education Commission. Over several years, the commission implemented its program of enhancing access, improving quality, and increased relevance of higher education to the needs and requirement of Pakistan. The reforms carried out in science and higher education during 2000 to 2008 have been applauded by international observers and he
14605-512: Was a Pakistani Bengali barrister and politician. In Bangladesh , Suhrawardy is remembered as a pioneer of Bengali civil rights movements, later turned into Bangladesh independence movement, and the mentor of Bangladesh's founding leader Sheikh Mujibur Rahman . He is also remembered for his performance as the Minister for Civil Supply during the Bengal famine of 1943 . In India, he is seen as
14732-713: Was a social worker and activist in Pakistan; his son, Rashid Suhrawardy , from his second marriage to Vera Alexandrovna Tiscenko Calder ; was a British Bangladeshi actor known for his role in the film Jinnah . His brother Hasan Shaheed Suhrawardy was a diplomat, writer and art-critic. Many places in South Asia bear his name, including an avenue in Islamabad ; a large park near his mausoleum in Dhaka; and streets, dormitories and memorials across Bangladesh. The Suhrawardy family home in modern-day Kolkata has been leased as
14859-454: Was also one of the former Principals of King Edward Medical College). The hospital was affiliated with King Edward Medical College, Lahore that same year. In 2011, the Punjab government faced resistance by local residents, after introducing a plan for the relocation of the Lady Willingdon Hospital and The de'Montmorency College of Dentistry . Allegedly, the drive has been initiated to clear
14986-491: Was an attempt to make education development suitable for the socio-economic development in the country. In the 1960s, the financial policies and economic programs introduced by President of Pakistan Ayub Khan greatly emphasized to importance of higher education in the country. A significant proportion of the budget was actually spent to promote higher education efforts in the country. Thesis written by Usman Ali Isani pointed out that 912 million rupees were spent annually for
15113-576: Was called "a force of nature" in an article published in Nature . As a result of reforms introduced by Atta-ur-Rahman, sector 4 Pakistani universities became ranked among the top 300, 400 and 500 universities of the world under the Times Higher Education (UK) rankings of 2008. In an analysis of scientific research productivity of Pakistan, in comparison to Brazil, Russia, India, and China ("BRIC" countries), Thomson Reuters has applauded
15240-494: Was considered Suhrawardy's chief political protégé. Suhrawardy was premier under Pakistan's first republican constitution which ended dominion status and the monarchy of Queen Elizabeth . During the 1958 military coup , Suhrawardy was arrested by the martial law government. He missed the wedding of his niece, Salma Sobhan (Pakistan's first woman barrister), because of his detention. In 1963, Suhrawardy died in Beirut due to
15367-571: Was covered by aid grants or loans. The central government led by Suhrawardy focused on the implementation of the planned economy. His relations with the stock exchange and the business community deteriorated when he announced distribution of the US$ 10 million ICA aid between West and East, and establishing the shipping corporation at the expense of West Pakistan's revenues. Massive labour strikes broke out in West Pakistan against his economic policy in major cities of Pakistan. Eventually leaders of
15494-565: Was excitement throughout the city, that shops were being forced to close, and that there were many reports of brawls, stabbing and throwing of stones and brickbats. These were mainly concentrated in the North-central parts of the city like Rajabazar, Kelabagan, College Street, Harrison Road, Colootolla and Burrabazar. In these areas the Hindus were in a majority and were also in a superior and powerful economic position. The trouble had assumed
15621-534: Was fought and won by 313 Muslims and again it was in Ramazan that 10,000 Muslims under the Holy Prophet conquered Mecca and established the kingdom of Heaven and the commonwealth of Islam in Arabia. The Muslim League is fortunate that it is starting its action in this holy month". On 16 August 1946, the massive bloody riots erupted in Calcutta , killings scores of Hindus at the hands of rioters. However, there
15748-527: Was imposed in the parts of the city where there had been rioting. At 8 pm forces were deployed to secure main routes and conduct patrols from those arteries, thereby freeing up police for work in the slums and the other underdeveloped sections. In New Delhi on 27 April 1947, Suhrawardy called a press conference to demand an undivided, independent Bengal . Suhrawardy made an impassioned plea for setting aside religious differences in order to create an "independent, undivided, and sovereign Bengal". He opposed
15875-549: Was in charge of drafting Pakistan's constitution. One of the highlights of Suhrawardy's political career was leading the United Front campaign during the 1954 East Bengali election which booted the Muslim League out of power. At the federal level, Suhrawardy served as Leader of the Opposition in the parliament of Pakistan in 1955. His position was bolstered by the landslide victory in East Bengal in 1954. In 1956,
16002-664: Was one of South Asia's pioneering women in public service. His first wife was Begum Niaz Fatima, the daughter of Justice Sir Abdur Rahim , a member of the Governor's Executive Council and Speaker of the Central Legislative Assembly . Begum Niaz Fatima died in 1922. His second wife was Begum Veera Suhrawardy , a Russian actress of Polish descent. A young Huseyn studied in Calcutta Madrasa and attended St. Xavier's College, Kolkata where he earned
16129-485: Was published by Abdul Qadeer Khan , who termed commission as "a strategic organisation." Another work on HEC's praise was authored by Mansoor Akbar Kundi, former Vice Chancellor of the Gomal University and later Executive Director of Higher Education Commission. In his article entitled "Ata ur Rehman school of Thought" he has strongly supported the reforms brought about by the dynamic and focused policies of
#715284