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53-703: Lagedi has a station on the Elron 's eastern route. Lagedi was the site of a slave-labor camp during German occupation in World War II . It was a satellite camp from the Vaivara concentration camp and mass executions of Jews took place in Lagedi. This Harju County location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Elron (rail transit) Inter-city rail Tallinn commuter rail AS Eesti Liinirongid , operating as Elron ,

106-608: A major industrial city. Ludwig Knoop established the Krenholm Manufacturing Company in 1857. The factory used the affordable energy of the powerful Narva waterfalls, and at the end of the century became, with about 10,000 workers, one of the largest cotton mills in Europe and the world. In 1872, Krenholm Manufacturing became the site of the first strike in Estonia. At the end of the 19th century, Narva

159-425: A new higher fare for passengers travelling with bicycles was introduced. During January 2022, after two years without any price rises, Elron increased its regular fares by almost 9.5 percent, attributing this as a response to rising energy prices as well to finance infrastructure changes. Two months later, the company announced that Ukrainian refugees would be able to travel on its trains for free. In May 2022, it

212-793: A possession of the Livonian Order in 1346, after the Danish king sold its lands in Northern Estonia. In 1492, Ivangorod fortress across the Narva river was established by Ivan III of Moscow . Trade, particularly Hanseatic long-distance trade remained Narva's raison d'être throughout the Middle Ages. However, due to opposition from Tallinn , Narva itself never became part of the Hanseatic League and also remained

265-472: A significant minority: 29.7% of the city's population were Russian in the census of 1934. 46.7% of the city's inhabitants are Estonian citizens, 36.3% are citizens of the Russian Federation , while 15.3% of the population has undefined citizenship . Since the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine there has been an increase in those acquiring Estonian citizenship in the city. A concern in Narva

318-585: A small town – its population in 1530 is estimated at 600–750 people. Captured by the Tsardom of Russia (Muscovy) during the Livonian War in 1558–1581, for a short period Narva became an important trading port and transshipment center of Russian goods from Pskov and Novgorod . In 1581, the Swedish troops under the command of Pontus De la Gardie conquered the city and it became part of Sweden . During

371-511: A subsidiary of Eesti Raudtee , it was separated entirely within two years. In May 2013, the Estonian government declared that Elron would be the sole domestic passenger operator in Estonia, compelling the Estonian operator Edelaraudtee to reorientate its operations away from the passenger sector. This change was not unchallenged; a legal dispute between Edelaraudtee and the Estonian government broke out over compensation for lost revenue from

424-517: A successor of the Estonian SSR and recognizes the 1945 border between the two former national republics. Officially, Estonia has no territorial claims in the area, and which was also reflected in the new Estonian-Russian border treaty signed in Moscow on 18 May 2005. Russia failed to ratify it because, together with the ratification, the Estonian parliament approved a communiqué, which mentioned

477-611: Is 600 meters long. The two main professional sports in the city are ice hockey and football . Narva PSK play at the Narva Ice Hall , which also was the host arena of the 2005 World Junior Ice Hockey Division I Championship Group B . JK Narva Trans play at the Narva Kreenholm Stadium . They are founding members of the Meistriliiga , and are one of two clubs which have never been relegated from

530-616: Is a government-owned passenger train operator in Estonia . Prior to 2014, the company operated exclusively the electrified commuter rail system in Harjumaa , and was known until October 2013 as Elektriraudtee , i.e. "the Electrical Railway". On 1 January 2014, Elron took over all domestic passenger train services in Estonia from Edelaraudtee . The company was founded as Elektriraudtee in 1998. While initially operating as

583-402: Is officially divided into 15 neighbourhoods: Elektrijaama , Joaoru , Kalevi , Kerese , Kreenholmi , Kudruküla , Kulgu , Olgina , Paemurru , Pähklimäe , Siivertsi , Soldina , Sutthoffi , Vanalinn and Veekulgu . Narva's skyline is dominated by the 15th-century castle, with the 51-meter-tall (167 ft) Pikk Hermann tower as its most prominent landmark. The sprawling complex of

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636-458: Is reportedly set to increase to 160 kilometers per hour. By 2023, work was underway to reconnect the western Estonian town of Haapsalu , which has not been reachable from the capital by rail since the 1990s, by 2027. A new terminal in Kristiine, west of Tallinn's city center, is also being planned, that shall be better interconnected with the rest of the city's public transport. In mid-2021,

689-440: Is the largest of Narva's dacha regions, located 6 km (4 mi) to northwest from the main city, near Narva-Jõesuu . Narva has a warm-summer humid continental climate ( Köppen climate classification Dfb ) with mild to warm, rainy summers with cool nights and cold, cloudy and snowy winters. Narva is one of the coldest settlements in Estonia, being located at the very northeast of the country and bordering Russia. Narva

742-457: Is the spread of HIV , which infected 1.2% of Estonia's population in 2012. Between 2001 and 2008, more than 1,600 cases of HIV were registered in Narva, making it one of the worst areas in Estonia, alongside Tallinn and the rest of Ida-Viru County . The HIV infection rate in Estonia declined in 2014, with 59 new cases in Narva. Religion in Narva (2021) Narva is situated in the eastern extreme point of Estonia, 200 km (124 mi) to

795-624: The Kreenholm Manufacture , located in the proximity of scenic waterfalls, is one of the largest textile mills of 19th-century Northern Europe. Other notable buildings include Swedish mansions of the 17th century, a Baroque town hall (1668–71), and remains of Erik Dahlberg 's fortifications. Across the Narva river lies the Russian Ivangorod fortress, established during the rule of Grand Prince Ivan III of Muscovy in 1492 and also referred to in some contemporary sources as

848-699: The Russian SFSR . In 1954, Ivangorod became officially a town in its own rights. After Estonia regained its independence in 1991, the city's leaders, holdovers from the Soviet era, wanted autonomy, and contended that the notion of a breakaway "Transnarovan Soviet republic" in northeastern Estonia was becoming increasingly popular, but this was contradicted by polls showing 87% of the region's population opposed secession from Estonia. In 1993, dissatisfaction with newly enacted citizenship and election laws (non-citizens were not allowed to hold office) culminated in

901-550: The Russo-Swedish War (1590–1595) , when Arvid Stålarm was governor, Russian forces attempted to regain the city without success ( Treaty of Teusina , May 1595). During the Swedish rule , the baroque Old Town of Narva was built. Following a large fire in 1659 that almost completely destroyed the town, only stone buildings were allowed to be built in its central part. Income from flourishing trade allowed rebuilding of

954-462: The "Counter-Narva". From the 17th century until 1945, both the fortress and the adjacent suburb of Ivangorod ( Estonian : Jaanilinn ) were an administrative part of Narva. Narva Kreenholmi Stadium is home to Meistriliiga football team, FC Narva Trans . The Narva railway station is located on an international railway line between Estonia and Russia ( Tallinn–Narva railway ). All passenger trains between Russia and Estonia were cancelled during

1007-661: The 5th to 4th millennium BC, as evidenced by archeological findings of the Narva culture , named after the Narva river. The fortified settlement at Narva Joaoru is the oldest known in Estonia, dated to around 1000 BC. The earliest known written reference of the toponym Narva is in the First Novgorod Chronicle , which in the year 1172 describes a district in Novgorod called Nerevsky or Narovsky konets (yard). According to historians, this name probably derives from

1060-702: The Great Northern War, the bastions were renovated. Narva remained on the list of fortifications of the Russian Empire until 1863, although there turned out to be no real military need for it. Administratively the city of Narva, including its then suburb of Ivangorod (Jaanilinn) was a part of the Saint Petersburg Governorate of the Russian Empire until 1917. In the middle of the 19th century, Narva developed into

1113-652: The Great for having captured Narva in the early 18th century. In August 2022, a Soviet T-34 tank memorial was removed from a stretch of road between the city center and Narva-Jõesuu , to mixed responses. It was moved to the Estonian War Museum near Tallinn. In response to the tank's removal, the following month Russian authorities erected a similar T-34 tank monument in Ivangorod near the border crossing point with Narva. On 1 January 2013 Narva's population

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1166-581: The Narva referendum of 16–17 July 1993, which proposed autonomy for both Narva and Sillamäe , a nearby town. Although 97% voted in favor of the referendum, turnout in Narva was a mere 55%, and there were credible charges of vote rigging. After 1991, disputes regarding the Estonian-Russian border in the Narva sector remained, as the new constitution of Estonia (adopted in 1992) recognizes the 1920 Treaty of Tartu border to be currently legal. The Russian Federation, however, considers Estonia to be

1219-501: The Soviet Occupation. On 18 February 2014 a new border treaty was signed by both countries. However the treaty was not ratified by the parliaments of either Russia or Estonia. Overall, by 2014, Russian residents were happy with their status as both Estonian and European Union citizens and lived peacefully alongside their compatriots. Before the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine , residents mixed relatively freely with

1272-467: The Tallinn-Tartu line while 5G apparatus were installed onboard Elron's trains during the early 2020s. Elron currently uses 38 Stadler FLIRT electric and diesel-electric trains. Delivery of the 12 three-car and 6 four-car EMU and 6 two-car, 8 three-car and 6 four-car DEMU trains built by Stadler Rail started in 2012; by June 2014 all trains had arrived in Estonia. As of 2015, all of

1325-590: The Tallinn– Pärnu route ended in December 2018. The line required substantial upgrading and it was not felt worthwhile spending the money required for this around 8 years before Rail Baltica is due to provide much faster service to Pärnu . Tallinn's commuter rail network is electrified , and it extends east and west from Baltic Station, the total length of the network being 132 km (82 mi). The eastbound line goes to Aegviidu . The westbound line goes to

1378-638: The castle's surrounding urban settlement. The castle was founded during the Danish rule of northern Estonia in the second half of the 13th century; the earliest written record of the castle is from 1277. Narvia village is mentioned in the Danish Census Book already in 1241. A town developed around the stronghold and in 1345 obtained Lübeck City Rights from Danish king Valdemar IV . The castle and surrounding town of Narva ( Narwa , in German) became

1431-530: The central rail station is a central bus station, which has multiple domestic and international connections (including to Russia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Belarus etc.). The direct bus routes to Russia ceased on February 1, 2024, since the Russian Federation closed the border between Narva and Ivangorod for traffic - only pedestrians are now permitted to cross the border. There is a general aviation grass airfield near Narva (ICAO: EENA). The strip

1484-613: The city on the next day. The Russian bolshevik troops retained control of the city until 19 January 1919. Heavy battles occurred both in and around Narva during World War II. The city was damaged in the German invasion of 1941 and by smaller air raids throughout the war, but remained relatively intact until February 1944. However, as the focus of the Battle of Narva , the city was destroyed by Soviet bombardment and fires and explosions set by retreating German troops. The most devastating action

1537-420: The city was destroyed during World War II and for several years during the following reconstruction the Soviet authorities largely prohibited the return of Narva's pre-war residents (among whom ethnic Estonians had been the majority, forming 64.8% of the town's population of 23,512 according to the 1934 census), thus radically altering the city's ethnic composition. Nevertheless, ethnic Russians had already formed

1590-480: The cross-border line between Tallinn and St Petersburg via a prospective future joint project between Russia and Estonia if favourable terms could be agreed. During the 2020s, Elron has multiple plans to expand and improve its network. Options have been studied, including the requisitioning of former goods lines, while a proposed reorganization could reduce the travel times between Tallinn and Tartu to beneath two hours. The maximum service speed of Elron's trains

1643-509: The district population, at that time roughly equally divided between ethnic Russians and Estonians, voted to attach itself to the newly autonomous, and soon to be independent state of, Estonia. Narva became part of the independent Republic of Estonia in 1918, at the end of World War I . The town saw fighting during the Estonian War of Independence . The war started when Russian Bolshevik troops attacked Narva on 28 November 1918, capturing

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1696-466: The east from the Estonian capital Tallinn and 130 km (81 mi) southwest from Saint Petersburg. The capital of Ida-Viru County, Jõhvi , lies 50 km (31 mi) to the west. The eastern border of the city along the Narva river (which drains Lake Peipus ) coincides with the Estonian-Russian border. The Estonian part of the Narva Reservoir lies mostly within the territory of Narva, to

1749-405: The former Soviet Union (USSR) were introduced. Narva’s population, 65% ethnic Estonian as of the 1934 census, became overwhelmingly non-Estonian in the second half of the 20th century. According to more recent data, 46.7% of the city's inhabitants are citizens of Estonia, 36.3% are citizens of the Russian Federation , while 15.3% have undefined citizenship . People settled in the area from

1802-514: The last census in 1934, became overwhelmingly non-Estonian. The main reason behind this was a plan to build a secret uranium processing plant in the city, which would turn Narva into a closed town . In 1947 nearby Sillamäe was selected as the location of the factory instead of Narva, but the existence of such a plan was decisive for the development of Narva in the postwar years , and thus also shaped its later evolution. The planned uranium factory and other large-scale industrial developments, like

1855-598: The most powerful in Northern Europe. During the Great Northern War of 1700–1721, Narva became the setting for the first great battle between the forces of King Charles XII of Sweden and Tsar Peter I of Russia (Muscovy) in November 1700. Although outnumbered four to one, the Swedish forces routed their 40,000-strong opponent. Tsardom of Russia subsequently conquered the city in 1704. After

1908-403: The name of the then village of Narva, or from the Narva river, and indicates that a frequently used trade route went through Narva, albeit no evidence of the existence of a trading settlement in Narva at the time has been found so far. Narva's favorable location at the intersection of both trade routes and the Narva river was behind the founding of Narva castle and the subsequent development of

1961-503: The old Soviet trains were retired. In mid-2019, Elron received permission to purchase 4 new hybrid trains with an option to add 2 electric trains. The decision was due to frequently overcrowding on the operator's most popular routes, given an increase of passenger number of more than a third since the replacement of the rolling stock with the Stadler fleet in 2014. During October 2020, Elron announced that Škoda Transportation had won

2014-625: The old town, including the Baroque -style Town Hall . The civilian casualties of the bombing were low as the German forces had evacuated the city in January 1944. The original native inhabitants were not allowed to return after the war, and immigrant Russian-speaking workers from other parts of the USSR were brought in to populate the city. The city whose population had been 65% Estonian according to

2067-492: The operator's forced withdrawal from passenger services. Throughout the late 2010s and early 2020s, Elron collaborated closely with Edelaraudtee to examine and implement various opportunities to increase the operating speeds of certain lines, thus enabling Elron's services to run faster in some places. In May 2020, Eesti Raudtee announced a tender to design and provide to electrify the entire Estonian rail network. That same year, Elron openly spoke on its enthusiasm to electrify

2120-463: The option to purchase 10 additional trainsets was taken up. [REDACTED] Media related to Elron at Wikimedia Commons 59°21′53″N 24°38′00″E  /  59.364829°N 24.633316°E  / 59.364829; 24.633316 Narva Narva is a municipality and city in Estonia . It is located in the Ida-Viru County , at the eastern extreme point of Estonia , on

2173-507: The pandemic in 2020 and the service has not been resumed. There is a domestic train service between Saint Petersburg and Ivangorod. Hence, it is possible to travel between Narva and Saint Petersburg by train if one crosses the border between Narva and Ivangorod by foot. The walking distance between the border station and Ivangorod train station is about 3.5 km. Five daily domestic trains run between Narva and Tallinn. Some are express, which takes about 2 + 1 ⁄ 2 hours. Adjacent to

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2226-544: The procurement for six new electric trains with an option to buy 10 more. Škoda will provide six dual system electric trains ( Škoda 21Ev , InterPanter), currently set to begin operating on the electrified Tallinn-Tartu route in December 2024. The total sum of the six trains is €56.2 million, and the handover will be carried out in the second half of 2024. The trains are planned to have a number of replaceable seats that can be moved to create more space for bicycles in warm months and for more seating in colder months. In January 2023,

2279-454: The residents across the river in Ivangorod. Those on the Estonian side mainly crossed to buy cheaper petrol, groats , cleaning products, pasta and sugar. Those crossing from the Russian side wanted to make use of the availability of non-sanctioned goods, entertainment facilities and overall better infrastructure. The invasion and subsequent conflict seriously reduced cooperation between

2332-494: The restoring of Kreenholm Manufacture, were the driving force behind the influx of internal migrants from other parts of the Soviet Union, mainly Russia. In January 1945, Jaanilinn (Ivangorod), the suburb on the eastern bank of the river was separated from Estonia (and from Narva) by the Soviet authorities, and the settlement around Ivangorod fortress was made administratively part of the neighboring Leningrad Oblast of

2385-556: The southwest of the city center. The mouth of the Narva river to the Gulf of Finland is about 13 km (8 mi) downstream from the city. The municipality of Narva covers 84.54 km (32.64 sq mi), of which the city proper occupies 62 km (24 sq mi) (excluding the reservoir), while two separate districts surrounded by Vaivara Parish , Kudruküla and Olgina, cover 5.6 km (2.16 sq mi) and 0.58 km (0.22 sq mi), respectively. Kudruküla

2438-482: The town center in two decades. Until World War II, the baroque architecture of the Old Town underwent practically no changes, and it became renowned all over Europe. Towards the end of Swedish rule, the defence structures of Narva were greatly improved. Beginning in 1680s, an outstanding system of bastions was designed by renowned military engineer Erik Dahlbergh and built around the town. The new defences were among

2491-431: The town of Keila , where it divides into two branches continuing towards the cargo-harbour city of Paldiski and inland to Turba . The Paldiski branch splits at Klooga , with a short spur going to the beach at Klooga-rand . Work to upgrade track and the stations took place in the early 2010s. To provide better mobile data covered when passing through rural areas, 25 new cell towers were installed by Telia alongside

2544-520: The two neighbors, especially as visas became difficult to obtain and the residents of Narva increased the take up in Estonian citizenship . Narva took in many Ukrainian refugees fleeing the war and previously popular Russian TV stations among older Russophone residents were banned by the Estonian government. On 10 June 2022, the Estonian foreign ministry summoned the Russian ambassador to protest about remarks by President Vladimir Putin praising Peter

2597-500: The west bank of the Narva river which forms the Estonia–Russia international border . With 53,626 inhabitants (as of 2023) Narva is Estonia's third largest city after capital Tallinn and Tartu . Narva was nearly completely destroyed in 1944 during World War II . During the Soviet era of Estonia in 1944–1991, the city's original inhabitants were not permitted to return, and immigrant workers from Soviet Russia and other parts of

2650-484: Was 59,888, down from 60,454 inhabitants a year earlier. The population was 83,000 in 1992. 95.7% of the population of Narva are native Russian speakers , and 87.7% are ethnic Russians . Most non-Estonians are ethnically Russian, Belarusian, or Ukrainian immigrants or the children of immigrants, though 69% of Narva residents in the early 1990s had been born in Narva or had lived there for more than 30 years. Ethnic Estonians account for 5.2% of total population. Much of

2703-687: Was announced that passenger numbers, which had sharply dipped in 2020 amid the COVID-19 pandemic, had recovered. During late 2023, Elron ceased its Russian language announcements following complaints. In September 2023, Elron's ticketing system was temporarily disrupted by a distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks thought to have been the work of pro- Russia hackers. Elron operates inter-city trains from Tallinn 's Baltic Station on several lines: Tallinn– Tartu – Valga (connecting to Pasažieru vilciens trains to Riga ), Tallinn–Tartu– Koidula , Tallinn– Narva , and Tallinn– Viljandi . Services on

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2756-501: Was the bombing raids of 6 and 7 March 1944 by the Soviet Air Force , which destroyed the Baroque old town. By the end of July 1944, 98 per cent of Narva had been destroyed. After the war, most of the buildings could have been restored as the walls of the houses still existed, but in the early 1950s, the Soviet authorities decided to demolish the ruins to make room for apartment buildings. Only three buildings remain of

2809-476: Was the leading industrial town in Estonia – 41% of industrial workers in Estonia worked in Narva, compared to 33% in Tallinn . The first railway in Estonia, completed in 1870, connected Narva to Saint Petersburg and to Tallinn. In August 1890, Narva was the site of a key meeting between German Kaiser Wilhelm II and Russian Tsar Alexander III . The status of Narva was resolved in a July 1917 referendum, when

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