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70-480: The province is a large producer of natural gas , containing important drilling sites in the region of Hassi R'Mel . Large reserves of natural gas have allowed Algeria to occupy an important position in the global energy market. With exports exceeding the barrier of 20 billion dollars annually and a contribution to the gross gross product of the State of Algeria by nearly 50 billion dollars., The province of Laghouat

140-481: A density 0.5539 times that of air (0.678 kg per standard cubic meter). In the early 1800s, natural gas became known as "natural" to distinguish it from the dominant gas fuel at the time, coal gas . Unlike coal gas, which is manufactured by heating coal, natural gas can be extracted from the ground in its native gaseous form. When the use of natural gas overtook the use of coal gas in English speaking countries in

210-639: A depression resulting from the impact of an ancient meteorite . It is the second largest crater in the world (based on depression circumference) and is found in the municipality of Hassi Delaa in the south. URL: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laghouat_Province Natural gas Natural gas (also called fossil gas, methane gas , or simply gas ) is a naturally occurring mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons consisting primarily of methane (95%) in addition to various smaller amounts of other higher alkanes . Traces of carbon dioxide , nitrogen , hydrogen sulfide , and helium are also usually present. Methane

280-484: A major source of natural gas in the United States and Canada. Because of increased shale gas production the United States was in 2014 the number one natural gas producer in the world. The production of shale gas in the United States has been described as a "shale gas revolution" and as "one of the landmark events in the 21st century." Following the increased production in the United States, shale gas exploration

350-542: A synthetic crude that can be further refined into finished products, while MTG can produce synthetic gasoline from natural gas. STG+ can produce drop-in gasoline, diesel, jet fuel and aromatic chemicals directly from natural gas via a single-loop process. In 2011, Royal Dutch Shell's 140,000 barrels (22,000 m ) per day F–T plant went into operation in Qatar . Natural gas can be "associated" (found in oil fields ), or "non-associated" (isolated in natural gas fields ), and

420-493: Is a flammable gaseous fuel made by the destructive distillation of coal . It contains a variety of calorific gases including hydrogen , carbon monoxide , methane , and other volatile hydrocarbons , together with small quantities of non-calorific gases such as carbon dioxide and nitrogen , and was used in a similar way to natural gas. This is a historical technology and is not usually economically competitive with other sources of fuel gas today. Most town "gashouses" located in

490-618: Is a local airport used mainly to transport pilgrims . The Laghouat Airport is officially called Moulay Ahmed Medeghri Airport and is named after the martyr Moulay Ahmed Madgari. The second airport, Hassi R'mel , is mainly used by the Sonatrach National Fuel Company to transport equipment, tires, experts, and contractors. Laghouat Province is considered to be the second most important energy mandate in Algeria after Ouargla Province , because it contains one of

560-458: Is a schematic block flow diagram of a typical natural gas processing plant. It shows the various unit processes used to convert raw natural gas into sales gas pipelined to the end user markets. The block flow diagram also shows how processing of the raw natural gas yields byproduct sulfur, byproduct ethane, and natural gas liquids (NGL) propane, butanes and natural gasoline (denoted as pentanes +). As of mid-2020, natural gas production in

630-399: Is also found in coal beds (as coalbed methane ). It sometimes contains a significant amount of ethane , propane , butane , and pentane —heavier hydrocarbons removed for commercial use prior to the methane being sold as a consumer fuel or chemical plant feedstock. Non-hydrocarbons such as carbon dioxide , nitrogen , helium (rarely), and hydrogen sulfide must also be removed before

700-543: Is among the most important states of Algeria contributing to the country's economy. Most of this income comes from hydrocarbons - gas in particular - in addition to power stations And the livestock sector with more than 3 million heads of sheep. The state of Laghouat is one of the states of the Central Steppe region, which is located in the heart of the state of Algeria in northern Sahara Africa. Located at an average altitude of 750 m above sea level, Laghouat Province

770-499: Is an Algerian province located in the north of the Algerian desert . Its administrative center is the city of Ghardaia , located 600 km (370 mi) south of the capital Algiers . Its total area is estimated at 21,224.03 km (8,194.64 sq mi), 138 km (86 mi) from north to south, and 200 to 250 km (120 to 160 mi) from east to west. It rises 486 m (1,594 ft) above sea level. The province

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840-628: Is beginning in countries such as Poland, China, and South Africa. Chinese geologists have identified the Sichuan Basin as a promising target for shale gas drilling, because of the similarity of shales to those that have proven productive in the United States. Production from the Wei-201 well is between 10,000 and 20,000 m per day. In late 2020, China National Petroleum Corporation claimed daily production of 20 million cubic meters of gas from its Changning-Weiyuan demonstration zone. Town gas

910-431: Is bordered by the province of Djelfa and the province of Laghouat to the north, the province of El Menia in the south, the province of Ouargla to the east and the province of El Bayadh in the west. The city of Ghardaia , the capital of the province, is 200 km (120 mi) from Laghouat , 200 km from Ouargla , 270 km (170 mi) from El Menia and 430 km (270 mi) from El Bayadh , and

980-556: Is colorless and odorless, and the second largest greenhouse gas contributor to global climate change after carbon dioxide. Because natural gas is odorless, odorizers such as mercaptan (which smells like rotten eggs ) are commonly added to it for safety so that leaks can be readily detected. Natural gas is a fossil fuel that is formed when layers of organic matter (primarily marine microorganisms) decompose under anaerobic conditions and are subjected to intense heat and pressure underground over millions of years. The energy that

1050-486: Is connected to a 60 kV high-voltage electricity transmission network by the lifting station, which contains 3 transformers with a capacity of 20 MVA each. Livestock in Laghouat province number around 4,000,000 cattle , sheep and goats . Sheep rank first in population with over 3 million heads, followed by goats, cows, camels , and horses (including mules and donkeys ). The province's most popular tourist area

1120-530: Is crossed by the national road No. 1 linking the Algerian capital to the Great South. Since the state is located in desert areas, the climate of the region is arid desert, the temperature range is wide between day and night, and between winter and summer; the winter temperature ranges between 1 and 25 °C (34 and 77 °F), and between 18 and 48 °C (64 and 118 °F) in summer. The weather

1190-537: Is estimated to have 51,000 cubic kilometers (12,000 cu mi) of natural gas and 50 billion barrels (7.9 billion cubic meters) of natural gas condensates . Because natural gas is not a pure product, as the reservoir pressure drops when non-associated gas is extracted from a field under supercritical (pressure/temperature) conditions, the higher molecular weight components may partially condense upon isothermic depressurizing—an effect called retrograde condensation . The liquid thus formed may get trapped as

1260-473: Is fair in spring and autumn, and the sky is clear most days of the year. The average rainfall in the state is about 60 mm (2.4 in) annually, mostly in the winter season. How much cold northwesterly winds blow in the winter and south-westerly winds laden with sand in the spring and in the summer a hot south known as Sirocco . c.1100 - Town of Ghardaïa is founded by the Mozabites, Amazigh Muslims of

1330-694: Is heated and compressed deep underground. Methanogenic organisms produce methane from a variety of sources, principally carbon dioxide. During petroleum production, natural gas is sometimes flared rather than being collected and used. Before natural gas can be burned as a fuel or used in manufacturing processes, it almost always has to be processed to remove impurities such as water. The byproducts of this processing include ethane , propane , butanes , pentanes , and higher molecular weight hydrocarbons. Hydrogen sulfide (which may be converted into pure sulfur ), carbon dioxide , water vapor , and sometimes helium and nitrogen must also be removed. Natural gas

1400-452: Is named since then Beni Isgeun . In 1355, Melika succeed Agharm Enwadday. This way the Mzab pentapolis was born. Three centuries later, in 1631, the town of Guerrara was founded 90 km (56 mi) northeast of the pentapolis and 60 years later the town of Berriane was founded 40 km (25 mi) north of the pentapolis. Now and since the last administrative division (in 1984)

1470-403: Is natural gas produced from shale . Because shale's matrix permeability is too low to allow gas to flow in economical quantities, shale gas wells depend on fractures to allow the gas to flow. Early shale gas wells depended on natural fractures through which gas flowed; almost all shale gas wells today require fractures artificially created by hydraulic fracturing . Since 2000, shale gas has become

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1540-406: Is often stored underground [references about geological storage needed]inside depleted gas reservoirs from previous gas wells, salt domes , or in tanks as liquefied natural gas. The gas is injected in a time of low demand and extracted when demand picks up. Storage nearby end users helps to meet volatile demands, but such storage may not always be practicable. With 15 countries accounting for 84% of

1610-645: Is part of the Saharan Atlas Mountain range with some peaks rising above 2,000 m. For example, the Djebel Amour range reaches a top height of about 2,200 m. Laghouat is nearly 400 km away from Algiers , the capital of Algeria. The area's orchards, buildings and mosques span across a landscape of vast steppes , mountains , and pastures. The largest tributary in the area is the Chelif River and M'zi River , which originate from

1680-452: Is preparing to export natural gas. Floating liquefied natural gas (FLNG) is an innovative technology designed to enable the development of offshore gas resources that would otherwise remain untapped due to environmental or economic factors which currently make them impractical to develop via a land-based LNG operation. FLNG technology also provides a number of environmental and economic advantages: Many gas and oil companies are considering

1750-548: Is primarily dependent on proximity to markets (pipelines), and regulatory restrictions. Natural gas can be indirectly exported through the absorption in other physical output. The expansion of shale gas production in the US has caused prices to drop relative to other countries. This has caused a boom in energy intensive manufacturing sector exports, whereby the average dollar unit of US manufacturing exports has almost tripled its energy content between 1996 and 2012. A "master gas system"

1820-429: Is primarily used in the northern hemisphere. North America and Europe are major consumers. Often well head gases require removal of various hydrocarbon molecules contained within the gas. Some of these gases include heptane , pentane , propane and other hydrocarbons with molecular weights above methane ( CH 4 ). The natural gas transmission lines extend to the natural gas processing plant or unit which removes

1890-716: Is sometimes informally referred to simply as "gas", especially when it is being compared to other energy sources, such as oil, coal or renewables. However, it is not to be confused with gasoline , which is also shortened in colloquial usage to "gas", especially in North America. Natural gas is measured in standard cubic meters or standard cubic feet . The density compared to air ranges from 0.58 (16.8 g/mole, 0.71 kg per standard cubic meter) to as high as 0.79 (22.9 g/mole, 0.97 kg per scm), but generally less than 0.64 (18.5 g/mole, 0.78 kg per scm). For comparison, pure methane (16.0425 g/mole) has

1960-643: Is the district of Kef El Melh (the mountain of salt). It is located in the municipality of Tadjrouna near the border with El Bayadh Province . The largest tourist hotspot in the district is the Kordan Palace, or Crown Angle. Other tourist areas and natural sights include the Al-Ghaisheh , Taouila , Lalmaya , Ein Sefsifah, and Al-Huwaita . Laghouat is home to the Talemzane crater , or Madna Crater,

2030-604: Is traded on a "dry gas" basis and is required to be commercially free from objectionable odours, materials, and dust or other solid or liquid matter, waxes, gums and gum forming constituents, which might damage or adversely affect operation of equipment downstream of the custody transfer point. LNG carrier ships transport liquefied natural gas (LNG) across oceans, while tank trucks can carry LNG or compressed natural gas (CNG) over shorter distances. Sea transport using CNG carrier ships that are now under development may be competitive with LNG transport in specific conditions. Gas

2100-409: Is transported at high pressure, typically above 200 bars (20,000 kPa; 2,900 psi). Compressors and decompression equipment are less capital intensive and may be economical in smaller unit sizes than liquefaction/regasification plants. Natural gas trucks and carriers may transport natural gas directly to end-users, or to distribution points such as pipelines. In the past, the natural gas which

2170-416: Is turned into liquid at a liquefaction plant, and is returned to gas form at regasification plant at the terminal . Shipborne regasification equipment is also used. LNG is the preferred form for long distance, high volume transportation of natural gas, whereas pipeline is preferred for transport for distances up to 4,000 km (2,500 mi) over land and approximately half that distance offshore. CNG

Laghouat Province - Misplaced Pages Continue

2240-604: The High Highlands area in the north and a mountainous area in the south. The districts of Gueltet Sidi Saâd , Aflou District , Brida District , El Ghicha District and Oued Morra District are located in this region. The most important characteristic of this area is that it is the source of the most significant rivers in Algeria , including the Chelif River , the Wadi el-Taweel and the Wadi Djedi through its tributary

2310-590: The Ziziphus spina-christi and Pistacia atlantica . Various herbs and flowers are abundant here in the springtime. The province was created from the Oasis and Tiaret departments in 1974. In 1984 Ghardaïa Province was carved out of the territory of Laghouat. The province is divided into 10 districts ( daïras ), which are further divided into 24 communes or municipalities. Laghouat Province contains three main roadways: The state has two airports, one of which

2380-427: The supply chain can result in natural gas having a similar carbon footprint to other fossil fuels overall. Natural gas can be found in underground geological formations , often alongside other fossil fuels like coal and oil (petroleum). Most natural gas has been created through either biogenic or thermogenic processes. Thermogenic gas takes a much longer period of time to form and is created when organic matter

2450-548: The 19th century, natural gas was primarily obtained as a by-product of producing oil . The small, light gas carbon chains came out of solution as the extracted fluids underwent pressure reduction from the reservoir to the surface, similar to uncapping a soft drink bottle where the carbon dioxide effervesces . The gas was often viewed as a by-product, a hazard, and a disposal problem in active oil fields. The large volumes produced could not be used until relatively expensive pipeline and storage facilities were constructed to deliver

2520-406: The 20th century, it was increasingly referred to as simply "gas." In order to highlight its role in exacerbating the climate crisis , however, many organizations have criticized the continued use of the word "natural" in referring to the gas. These advocates prefer the term "fossil gas" or "methane gas" as better conveying to the public its climate threat. A 2020 study of Americans' perceptions of

2590-623: The Ibadi sect. 1984 - The Ghardaïa province was carved out of Laghouat Province . 2015 - Violence causing the death of over 20 citizens as a result of ethnic tension between "Bani Mzab and Arab Bedouin from various branches of the Chaamba tribe". "Aghlan" is the name the Beni Mzab have given to their region. Its geographical borders are as follows: Oued Bouzbyar in the North, Oued Zergoun in

2660-415: The M'zi River. It is distinguished by the presence of the green dam forests that blend into the grassy Steppe region. These grassland plains are located in the center of the province and are between 700 and 1000 meters above sea level. It is known as a grazing area as it contains many steppe plants and herbs. This region includes most of the province's vegetation, not counting the green dam forests located in

2730-432: The US had peaked three times, with current levels exceeding both previous peaks. It reached 24.1 trillion cubic feet per year in 1973, followed by a decline, and reached 24.5 trillion cubic feet in 2001. After a brief drop, withdrawals increased nearly every year since 2006 (owing to the shale gas boom ), with 2017 production at 33.4 trillion cubic feet and 2019 production at 40.7 trillion cubic feet. After

2800-427: The US, over one-third of households (>40 million homes) cook with gas. Natural gas dispensed in a residential setting can generate temperatures in excess of 1,100 °C (2,000 °F) making it a powerful domestic cooking and heating fuel. Stanford scientists estimated that gas stoves emit 0.8–1.3% of the gas they use as unburned methane and that total U.S. stove emissions are 28.1 gigagrams of methane. In much of

2870-523: The United States begins with localized use. In the seventeenth century, French missionaries witnessed the American Indians setting fire to natural gas seeps around lake Erie, and scattered observations of these seeps were made by European-descended settlers throughout the eastern seaboard through the 1700s. In 1821, William Hart dug the first commercial natural gas well in the United States at Fredonia, New York , United States, which led in 1858 to

Laghouat Province - Misplaced Pages Continue

2940-600: The Wadi Al-Tawil mountains. The area is characterized by its pastoral, agricultural and mountainous character. It also contains an industrial region located at Hassi R'mel . The province of Laghouat is located between Hautes Plaines and the desert foothills of the Saharan Atlas mountain range. It is surrounded on the two sides by the Amour Range west of the province and the mountains of Ouled Nile to

3010-702: The bottoms of the gashouse ovens was often used for roofing and other waterproofing purposes, and when mixed with sand and gravel was used for paving streets. Huge quantities of natural gas (primarily methane) exist in the form of clathrates under sediment on offshore continental shelves and on land in arctic regions that experience permafrost , such as those in Siberia . Hydrates require a combination of high pressure and low temperature to form. In 2013, Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation (JOGMEC) announced that they had recovered commercially relevant quantities of natural gas from methane hydrate. The image below

3080-654: The decayed organisms originally obtained from the sun via photosynthesis is stored as chemical energy within the molecules of methane and other hydrocarbons. Natural gas can be burned for heating, cooking, and electricity generation . Consisting mainly of methane, natural gas is rarely used as a chemical feedstock . The extraction and consumption of natural gas is a major industry. When burned for heat or electricity , natural gas emits fewer toxic air pollutants, less carbon dioxide, and almost no particulate matter compared to other fossil and biomass fuels. However, gas venting and unintended fugitive emissions throughout

3150-426: The developed world it is supplied through pipes to homes, where it is used for many purposes including ranges and ovens, heating / cooling , outdoor and portable grills , and central heating . Heaters in homes and other buildings may include boilers, furnaces , and water heaters . Both North America and Europe are major consumers of natural gas. Gharda%C3%AFa Province Ghardaïa ( Arabic : ولاية غرداية )

3220-640: The east. The province is divided into three main geographical regions: the Saharan Atlas mountains, the Steppe Plains, and the Desert . The Saharan Atlas Mountain Range is located in the northwest of the province, to the north of the Djebel Amour mountains. The Saharan Atlas mountains reach heights between 1000 and 1700 meters above sea level. We can distinguish them into two sub-regions which include

3290-446: The eastern US in the late 19th and early 20th centuries were simple by-product coke ovens that heated bituminous coal in air-tight chambers. The gas driven off from the coal was collected and distributed through networks of pipes to residences and other buildings where it was used for cooking and lighting. (Gas heating did not come into widespread use until the last half of the 20th century.) The coal tar (or asphalt ) that collected in

3360-446: The economic and environmental benefits of floating liquefied natural gas (FLNG). There are currently projects underway to construct five FLNG facilities. Petronas is close to completion on their FLNG-1 at Daewoo Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering and are underway on their FLNG-2 project at Samsung Heavy Industries . Shell Prelude is due to start production 2017. The Browse LNG project will commence FEED in 2019. Natural gas

3430-497: The formation of the Fredonia Gas Light Company . Further such ventures followed near wells in other states, until technological innovations allowed the growth of major long distance pipelines from the 1920s onward. By 2009, 66,000 km (16,000 cu mi) (or 8%) had been used out of the total 850,000 km (200,000 cu mi) of estimated remaining recoverable reserves of natural gas. In

3500-461: The fuel found that, across political identifications, the term "methane gas" led to better estimates of its harms and risks. Natural gas can come out of the ground and cause a long-burning fire. In ancient Greece , the gas flames at Mount Chimaera contributed to the legend of the fire-breathing creature Chimera . In ancient China , gas resulting from the drilling for brines was first used by about 400 BC. The Chinese transported gas seeping from

3570-435: The gas needs to be cooled down and compressed, as the friction in the pipeline causes the gas to heat up. Many existing pipelines in the US are close to reaching their capacity, prompting some politicians representing northern states to speak of potential shortages. The large trade cost implies that natural gas markets are globally much less integrated, causing significant price differences across countries. In Western Europe ,

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3640-517: The gas pipeline network is already dense. New pipelines are planned or under construction between Western Europe and the Near East or Northern Africa . Whenever gas is bought or sold at custody transfer points, rules and agreements are made regarding the gas quality. These may include the maximum allowable concentration of CO 2 , H 2 S and H 2 O . Usually sales quality gas that has been treated to remove contamination

3710-896: The gas to consumer markets. Until the early part of the 20th century, most natural gas associated with oil was either simply released or burned off at oil fields. Gas venting and production flaring are still practised in modern times, but efforts are ongoing around the world to retire them, and to replace them with other commercially viable and useful alternatives. In addition to transporting gas via pipelines for use in power generation, other end uses for natural gas include export as liquefied natural gas (LNG) or conversion of natural gas into other liquid products via gas to liquids (GTL) technologies. GTL technologies can convert natural gas into liquids products such as gasoline, diesel or jet fuel. A variety of GTL technologies have been developed, including Fischer–Tropsch (F–T), methanol to gasoline (MTG) and syngas to gasoline plus (STG+). F–T produces

3780-526: The ground in crude pipelines of bamboo to where it was used to boil salt water to extract the salt in the Ziliujing District of Sichuan . Natural gas was not widely used before the development of long distance pipelines in the early twentieth century. Before that, most use was near to the source of the well, and the predominant gas for fuel and lighting during the industrial revolution was manufactured coal gas. The history of natural gas in

3850-442: The higher-molecular weight hydrocarbons to produce natural gas with energy content between 35–39 megajoules per cubic metre (950–1,050 British thermal units per cubic foot). The processed natural gas may then be used for residential, commercial and industrial uses. Natural gas flowing in the distribution lines is called mid-stream natural gas and is often used to power engines which rotate compressors. These compressors are required in

3920-612: The largest proven gas reserves. Sources that consider that Russia has by far the largest proven reserves include the US Central Intelligence Agency (47,600 km ) and Energy Information Administration (47,800 km ), as well as the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (48,700 km ). Contrarily, BP credits Russia with only 32,900 km , which would place it in second, slightly behind Iran (33,100 to 33,800 km , depending on

3990-878: The most important gas fields in Africa . This gas field is in the region of Hassi R'mel and contains many electricity production stations. These are located in the Telegmat region near Hassi R'mel and Kheneg . These areas also contain the largest solar PV plant in Algeria with a capacity of 60 MW . The CPV EKP solar power station is located 5 km from the municipality of Kheneg and 10 km from Laghouat in Algeria. The station sits on an area of 120 hectares and, on average, produces more than 300 MWh of electricity per day. It contains more than 240 thousand solar panels distributed over 5460 matrices, 2040 triple level junction boxes, 120 inverters, and 60 transformers. It

4060-714: The mountainous region. The Steppe region includes the districts of Sidi Makhlouf , Laghouat District , and northern Ain Madhi . The southern part of Laghouat province is a desert plateau. This area includes the Hassi R'Mel District , the southern part of the Ksar El Hirane District and Ain Madhi District . It is distinguished by low vegetation cover characterized by Peganum plants. There are some hills here that are distinguished by various trees including

4130-433: The natural gas can be transported. Natural gas extracted from oil wells is called casinghead gas (whether or not truly produced up the annulus and through a casinghead outlet) or associated gas. The natural gas industry is extracting an increasing quantity of gas from challenging, unconventional resource types : sour gas , tight gas , shale gas , and coalbed methane . There is some disagreement on which country has

4200-407: The number of provinces from 31 to 48. The state of Ghardaia is characterized by the presence of a road transport network, represented by a network of highways , in addition to a huge fleet of large and small buses , yellow taxis , and others. Ghardaia Airport - Numirat Moufdi Zakaria ( IATA : GHA, ICAO : DAUG) is an international airport located in the city of Ghardaia , and the airport

4270-441: The pores of the gas reservoir get depleted. One method to deal with this problem is to re-inject dried gas free of condensate to maintain the underground pressure and to allow re-evaporation and extraction of condensates. More frequently, the liquid condenses at the surface, and one of the tasks of the gas plant is to collect this condensate. The resulting liquid is called natural gas liquid (NGL) and has commercial value. Shale gas

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4340-439: The present city of Melika . Not far from Tafilalt were the towns of Mourki. Tirichine, Tlet Moussa, Agnounay and Boukyaou. The final settling process of Beni Mzab along with the emergency of the three following cities: El Atteuf , which was settled in 1012; Bounoura in 1065, Ghardaia settled in 1085; and more than two centuries later, in 1321, Tafilalt expanded and integrated the inhabitants of its neighboring villages and

4410-401: The seven Mzabite towns have been reduced into five municipalities in the province of Ghardaia. The province is made up of 7 districts , which are divided into 9 communes or municipalities. The position of Wali of Ghardaia was held by many national political figures since its establishment on 4 February 1984 under Law No. 84-09 which reorganized the Algerian territories by increasing

4480-550: The source). It is estimated that there are about 900,000 km of "unconventional" gas such as shale gas, of which 180,000 km may be recoverable. In turn, many studies from MIT , Black & Veatch and the US Department of Energy predict that natural gas will account for a larger portion of electricity generation and heat in the future. The world's largest gas field is the offshore South Pars / North Dome Gas-Condensate field , shared between Iran and Qatar. It

4550-654: The third peak in December 2019, extraction continued to fall from March onward due to decreased demand caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in the US . The 2021 global energy crisis was driven by a global surge in demand as the world quit the economic recession caused by COVID-19, particularly due to strong energy demand in Asia. Because of its low density, it is not easy to store natural gas or to transport it by vehicle. Natural gas pipelines are impractical across oceans, since

4620-412: The transmission line to pressurize and repressurize the mid-stream natural gas as the gas travels. Typically, natural gas powered engines require 35–39 MJ/m (950–1,050 BTU/cu ft) natural gas to operate at the rotational name plate specifications. Several methods are used to remove these higher molecular weighted gases for use by the natural gas engine. A few technologies are as follows: In

4690-664: The west. The Mzab includes Zelfana and Guerrara in the east and is merged to the region of Chaamba in the south. The area is approximately 38,000 km (15,000 sq mi). During the 8th century AD, 2nd century Hegira (according to Cheikh Abi Ishak Tfyeche) thé Beni Mzab settled on the banks of the oued or Valley to which they gave their name. The first inhabitants of the area had been nomadic or semi-nomadic. Many old small built-up areas, fallen into ruins long time ago, can be counted: in nearby al Atteuf we mention Agharm Netlazdit, Oukheira, and Aoulaoual, Tmazzert once existed near Bounoura and Agharm Enwadday has preceded

4760-502: The worldwide extraction, access to natural gas has become an important issue in international politics, and countries vie for control of pipelines. In the first decade of the 21st century, Gazprom , the state-owned energy company in Russia, engaged in disputes with Ukraine and Belarus over the price of natural gas, which have created concerns that gas deliveries to parts of Europe could be cut off for political reasons. The United States

4830-494: Was invented in Saudi Arabia in the late 1970s, ending any necessity for flaring. Satellite and nearby infra-red camera observations, however, shows that flaring and venting are still happening in some countries. Natural gas is used to generate electricity and heat for desalination . Similarly, some landfills that also discharge methane gases have been set up to capture the methane and generate electricity. Natural gas

4900-567: Was recovered in the course of recovering petroleum could not be profitably sold, and was simply burned at the oil field in a process known as flaring . Flaring is now illegal in many countries. Additionally, higher demand in the last 20–30 years has made production of gas associated with oil economically viable. As a further option, the gas is now sometimes re- injected into the formation for enhanced oil recovery by pressure maintenance as well as miscible or immiscible flooding. Conservation, re-injection, or flaring of natural gas associated with oil

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