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54-458: Lahuta may refer to: Lahuta, Lahutë or gusle , a single-stringed musical instrument Lahutā , a Buddhist term Ukrainian form of the surname Laguta Hennadiy Lahuta (1974-2023), Ukrainian politician See also [ edit ] All pages with titles containing Lahuta Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with

108-574: A living confirmation of Herder's and Grimm's ideas about the oral tradition. Jacob Grimm began to learn Serbian so that he could read the poems in the original. He wrote minute analyses of each new volume of Serbian folk songs. He ranked them as being equal to the Song of Songs, as did Goethe somewhat later. Thanks to Grimm, moreover to the initiatives of the well-educated and wise Slovene Jernej Kopitar (the censor for Slavic books, Karadžić's counselor and protector), Serbian folk literature found its place in

162-610: A national instrument in Montenegro and fundamental to national music, folklore and tradition. In carving the instrument, special attention is given to the head, so on Montenegrin gusle, one can find a large number of carved shapes; most often it is a double-headed eagle, like the one from the state heraldry, the shape of the mountain Lovcen , or the characters from the Montenegrin history, such as Petar II Petrović Njegoš . Among

216-452: A poem so long. Avdo dictated, over five days, a version of the well-known theme The Wedding of Meho Smailagić that was 12,323 lines long, saying on the fifth day to Nikola (Parry's assistant on the journey) that he knew even longer songs. On another occasion, he sang over several days an epic of 13,331 lines. He said he had several others of similar length in his repertoire. In Parry's first tour, over 80,000 lines were transcribed. Gusle are

270-537: A range of wood and food processing companies that stimulated an economic boom in this region. There was also a significant ore industry developed around the Kozara Mountain. The expressway E-661 (locally known as M-16) leads north to Croatia , existing as an expressway from Banja Luka to Laktaši and as a two-lane road from Laktaši to the Bosnian/Croatian border. This second section of the road

324-559: A significant cultural and historical identity that was formed through several historic and economic events. The territory of Bosanska Krajina is currently divided between Republika Srpska and the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina . During the Medieval Bosnia period, the region of Bosanska Krajina was known as Donji Kraji ( transl.  Lower Ends ) and Zapadne Strane ( transl.  Westward Sides ). After

378-626: Is currently being upgraded to an expressway. Under planning is two new expressways. One from Prijedor to Bosanska Dubica to shorten the travelling time to Zagreb. The other one is to the east heading towards Doboj and connecting Bosanska Krajina to the important Corridor Vc in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Banja Luka International Airport is located 23 km from Banja Luka. There are two airlines currently, B&H Airlines and Adria Airways, with regular flights to Ljubljana (four times weekly) and Zürich (three times weekly). Charter flights also operate from

432-480: Is different, as different epic poems are used to accompany the instrument. There is minor differing characteristics of vocality in the regions of Southeast Europe . The design of the instrument is identical; only the design of the neck and head varies with ethnic or national motif. The gusle instrumentally accompanies heroic songs (epic poetry) in the Balkans. The Serbian Gusle is a one-stringed instrument that

486-480: Is in Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian linguistic usage, however, a feminine plurale tantum (Serbo-Croatian gusla or gusle , Albanian lahuta or lahutë ). Bosanska Krajina Bosanska Krajina ( Serbian Cyrillic : Босанска Крајина , pronounced [bɔ̌sanskaː krâjina] ) is a geographical region, a subregion of Bosnia , in western Bosnia and Herzegovina . It is enclosed by a number of rivers, namely

540-497: Is usually made of maple wood. A guslar is an individual capable of reproducing and composing poems about heroes and historical events to the accompaniment of this instrument, usually in the decasyllable meter . There are records of an instrument named gusle (гоусли) being played at the court of the 13th-century Serbian King Stefan Nemanjić , but it is not certain whether the term was used in its present-day meaning or it denoted some other kind of string instrument. Polish poets of

594-632: The Balkans ; some researchers believe that this might have been the gusle. Others, such as F. Sachs, believe that the gusle has an Oriental origin, brought to Europe in the 10th century via the Islamic cultural wave. Arab travellers report evidence that the Slavs used the gusle in the 10th century. Teodosije the Hilandarian (1246–1328) wrote that Stefan Nemanjić (r. 1196–1228) often entertained

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648-490: The Battle at Očakov . Avdo Međedović , who was an ethnic Bosniak of Albanian origin, was the most versatile and skillful guslar encountered by Milman Parry and Albert Lord during their research in the oral epic tradition of Bosnia , Herzegovina and Montenegro in the 1930s. At Parry's request, Avdo sang songs he already knew and some songs he heard in front of Parry, convincing him that someone Homer-like could produce

702-534: The Eyalet of Bosnia in 1580. The Croatian lands in general were reduced to a fraction of what they encompassed, and only the westernmost parts of today's Bosanska Krajina still resisted the Ottoman rule. Nevertheless, the Ottoman armies preferred to advance towards their targets in the northwest through more easily passable terrain, such as along the river Danube , for example Vienna was first besieged in 1529 after

756-553: The Kingdom of Croatia under Tomislav I . Archaeological data show that medieval cemeteries of northwestern Bosnia clearly indicate that from the first half of the 10th century this territory was under the political rule of Tomislav I. Northern parts of these territories were ruled by the Slavonian Banate (parishes of Sana, Vrbas, and Dubica, while Lower Pounje was part of the parish of Zagreb) as lower Slavonia, where

810-402: The Kingdom of Hungary 's persistent hold over the entire region, restricting them to fortified cities, and when Jajce fell again in 1528, Ottoman rule persisted almost until the end of the 19th century. In the late 15th century, a local Croatian lord ( knez ), Juraj Mikuličić, erected a fort in the village of Bužim near Bihać, fearing the advancing Ottoman army . Mikuličić died in 1495, but

864-727: The Republic of Bihać in Bosanska Krajina. Soon afterwards, Bosanska Krajina was also the place of historical agreements that have taken place in Jajce and Mrkonjić Grad in 1943, ones that established the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina in its current borders, as well as the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia . During the 1992-95 Bosnian War , Bosanska Krajina was divided between Republika Srpska ,

918-727: The Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina , and the Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia . The Serb entity of SAO Bosanska Krajina was established in summer 1991. The region was also a place of concentration camps, including Manjača and Omarska where Bosniaks were held, tortured, raped, and killed. For the past two years, non-Serbs in the Bosanska Krajina area have been "cleansed" through systematic persecution that includes torture , murder , rape , beatings, harassment , de jure discrimination, intimidation , expulsion from homes, confiscation of property, bombing of businesses, dismissal from work, outlawing of all scripts except

972-764: The Sava (north), Glina (northwest), Vrbanja and Vrbas (east and southeast, respectively). The region is also a historic, economic, and cultural entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina, noted for its preserved nature and wildlife diversity . The largest city and historical center of the region is Banja Luka . Other cities and towns include Bihać , Bosanska Krupa , Bosanski Petrovac , Čelinac , Bosansko Grahovo , Bužim , Cazin , Drvar , Gradiška , Ključ , Kostajnica , Kozarska Dubica , Kneževo , Kotor Varoš , Laktaši , Mrkonjić Grad , Novi Grad , Prijedor , Sanski Most , Šipovo , Velika Kladuša , Teslić , and Prnjavor . Bosanska Krajina has no formal status; however, it has

1026-522: The Serbian nobility with musicians with drums and "gusle". Reliable written records about the gusle appear only in the 15th century. 16th-century travel memoirs mention the instrument in Bosnia and Serbia . In the 19th- and 20th century the instrument is mentioned in Montenegro, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and Albania where it is called Lahuta. The gusle consists of a wooden sound box ,

1080-460: The gusle between the knees and goes into a highly emotional artistic performance with a sad and dedicated expression on their face. The gusle has played a significant role in the history of Serbian epic poetry because of its association with the centuries-old patriotic oral legacy. Most of the epics are about the era of the Ottoman occupation and the struggle for the liberation from it. With

1134-690: The 14th century, the Ottoman Empire had significantly expanded into the western Balkans in a series of wars , and the Turkish westward incursions eventually made this region an Ottoman borderland. Jajce had fallen to the Ottoman Turks in 1463, marking the downfall of the Kingdom of Bosnia , although was later taken from the Ottoman Turks and organized as defensive Banate of Jajce. The Battle of Krbava Field in 1493 effectively ended

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1188-489: The 17th century mentioned the gusle in their works. In a poem published in 1612, Kasper Miaskowski wrote that "the Serbian gusle and gaidas will overwhelm Shrove Tuesday " ( Serbskie skrzypki i dudy ostatek zagluszą ). In the idyll named Śpiewacy , published in 1663, Józef Bartłomiej Zimorowic used the phrase "to sing to the Serbian gusle" ( przy Serbskich gęślach śpiewać ). In some older Serbian books on literature it

1242-740: The Bužim fort would not pass to Ottoman control until 1576. Bosanska Krajina was the last region in Bosnia to fall to the Ottoman Empire; the last city to fall was Bihać in 1592, which eventually paved the way for the Islamization of Bosnia and Herzegovina . After the crucial 1526 Battle of Mohács and the 1527 election in Cetin , Croatia became part of the Austrian Habsburg Empire . The Ottoman Empire formally established

1296-555: The Cyrillic in public institutions, and the destruction of cultural objects such as mosques and Catholic churches. The population of the region numbered almost one million before the Bosnian War . The composition of the current population of Bosanska Krajina has dramatically changed, because of expulsions, forced relocation and emigration during the Bosnian war in 1992–95. In the immediate aftermath of World War II Bosanska Krajina

1350-761: The Ottoman Empire lost the War of the Holy League (1683–1690) to the Habsburg monarchy and her allies, and ceded Slavonia and Hungary to Austria at the 1699 Treaty of Karlowitz , the northern and western borders of the Sanjak of Bosnia (corresponding largely to the current borders of the modern Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina ), became a permanent frontier between the Austrian and Ottoman empires. In mid-1858, an uprising known as Pecija's First Revolt broke out in

1404-593: The Ottoman Turks responded by declaring the Pashaluk of Bosnia which unified all the Sanjaks, including territory in modern-day Croatia. As a result of the wars and border changes, the Catholic Croat population moved north, and was replaced with Orthodox Serbs . The Bužim fort, under Ottoman control since 1576, was successfully held by the Ottoman Turks in numerous battles (1685, 1686, 1688, 1737) and it

1458-674: The accompaniment of the Gusle as a part of Serbia 's intangible cultural heritage was inscribed in 2018 on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity of UNESCO . There is no consensus about the origin of the instrument. 7th-century Byzantine Greek historian Theophylact Simocatta ( fl. c. 630) wrote about "small lyres " brought by the South Slavs who settled

1512-437: The airport, and the airport can be used as a back-up to Sarajevo Airport. Zagreb Airport, due to weather conditions in winter often preferable to Sarajevo, is approximately two hours away from Banja Luka by car. Željava Air Base , situated on the border between Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina under Plješevica Mountain, near the town of Bihać in Bosnia and Herzegovina, was the largest underground airport and military airbase in

1566-428: The army had gone through Osijek , Mohács , and Buda . The natural obstacles in and around the region, especially at the time, included the rivers Sava, Vrbas, Una and Sana , as well as the mountains such as Plješevica , Šator , Klekovača , Raduša , Grmeč , Kozara , and Vlašić . Turkish incursions expanded further to the north, and Charles of Styria erected a new fortified city of Karlovac in 1579. In 1580,

1620-410: The artists themselves. The Old Slavic root morpheme gǫdsli (Russian gúsli , slovak husle , Czech housle , Slovenian gósli ) is associated with guditi/gósti, or gudalo/godalo, related to onomatopoeia for a low resonating sound; cf. gu(n)delj / гу(н)дељ = cockchafer , which makes such sound when flying. The exact origin of the nominations of the related concepts gusle, gadulka, gudok and gudalo,

1674-601: The book Lahuta e Malcis which is often played with a lahuta. The famous Albanian song about Gjergj Elez Alia , the Albanian mythological hero who slays a beast that rises from the sea, is also played with a lahuta. The gusle has been used by the Croats in Herzegovina , Dalmatia , Lika , as well as in Bosnia and Western Bosnia as an accompaniment for epic poetry for hundreds of years. Often they were constructed by

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1728-460: The downfall of the Kingdom of Bosnia and subsequent Ottoman conquest of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1463, which contributed to the Ottoman territorial expansion into the western Balkans in a series of wars , the region between the Una and Vrbas rivers became known as Krajina ( transl.  Frontier ) or Bosanska Krajina ( transl.  Bosnian Frontier ). The first recorded usage of

1782-515: The efforts of ethnographer Vuk Stefanović Karadžić , many of these epics have been collected and published in books in the first half of the 19th century. Serbian folk poetry was given a marvelous reception, as it appeared in Europe when Romanticism was in full bloom. This poetry, which appeared in Karadžić's anthological collections, met the "expectations" of the sophisticated European audience, becoming

1836-477: The former Yugoslavia and one of the largest in Europe. Prijedor also has an airfield in the north-eastern part of the city in the area of Urije. The airfield has a fleet of light aircraft and sailplanes. The airfield was used by the Yugoslav partisans and was the first operative partisan airfield during World War II. The airfield also serves as the home of the city's renovated Parachuting club. Bosanska Krajina

1890-663: The jurisdiction of the Eastern Roman Empire . Shortly thereafter, Eurasian Avars and their Slavic subjects from central-eastern Europe invaded Dalmatia and settled in what is now Bosnia and Herzegovina . In the 7th century, the Serbs and Croats formed principalities initially under the Eastern Roman Empire . The region was part of the Duchy of Croatia in the Early Middle Ages . which later became part of

1944-465: The latter as the name for the bow of the gusle could also illuminate a more accurate assignment in the history of the Gusle after Walther Wünsch. In the parlance of the South Slavs, in addition to the feminine plurale tantum "gusle" that has prevailed as a lexeme, even the older "gusli" , which is found in the area of the middle Drina River region to Arilje and throughout Montenegro. The use of

1998-680: The literature of the world. Singing to the accompaniment of the gusle as a part of Serbia's tradition was inscribed in 2018 on the Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists of UNESCO . There are few active Bosniak Guslari today, but there were many examples in history. Guslari were always guests at the Bosniak beg 's courtyards, and it was with Gusle they performed Bosniak heroic songs about prominent figures or events. In these songs were Đerzelez Alija , Mujo Hrnjica , Mustay-Bey of Lika The Battle of Banja Luka or

2052-417: The maple being considered as the best material (therefore often the instrument is referred to as "gusle javorove" - maple gusle), covered with an animal skin and a neck with an intricately carved head. A bow is pulled over the string/s (made of horsetail), creating a dramatic and sharp sound, expressive and difficult to master. The string is made of thirty horsehairs. The instrument is held vertically between

2106-517: The mid 19th century the term Turkish Croatia , used in some Austrian maps for the Western Balkans , was replaced in favor of region's common name, Bosanska Krajina . Sub-regions (geographical and historical) include: Bihaćka krajina , Cazinska krajina , Potkozarje , Lijevče , etc. In the 6th century, today's northwestern Bosnia was part of the Roman province of Dalmatia . It fell under

2160-561: The most famous Montenegrin contemporary guslar poets is Đorđije Koprivica, who started playing gusle at the age of five. He played around the world including Canada, United States, Australia and Europe. The lahuta is used by Gheg Albanians of northernmost Albania ( Malësia ) and Kosovo , for the singing of epic songs or Albanian Songs of the Frontier Warriors . The instrument was very common in Kosovo and Albania, specially in

2214-496: The mountain regions such as Malsia. In Albanian types, the lutes head is often carved after a goats head or a hawk, the latter representing the Albanian flag. It is played by a lahutar , a rapsode. The Albanian songs are octosyllable , in relation to the decasyllable Serbian. The use of lahuta is traditionally mastered in the Highlands and Malësi e Madhe District . Gjergj Fishta , the Albanian national poet and priest, wrote

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2268-625: The name Bosanska Krajina is in 1594. Also, for the same territory, the exonym Turkish Croatia appeared in German speaking Austria-Hungary in the first decades of the 18th century, and was first used in maps created by the Austro-Hungarian — Ottoman Border Commission , which was mandated by the peace treaty of Karlowitz (1699), and then the peace treaty of Passarowitz (1718), and consisted exclusively of Austrians' and Venetians' military cartographers, and one Croat (Vitezović). In

2322-570: The parish of Sana served as seat of Babonić family , and later the Blagaj family , and southern were parts were the parishes of Pset and Pliva. In the 13th and 14th century, a region called Donji Kraji (parish of Pliva), located in today's southern Bosanska Krajina developed, and was first mentioned as a property of the Diocese of Bosnia and claimed by the Bosnian Banate . By the end of

2376-570: The phonemes /e/ and /i/ is in the same language as the same speaker, or it can be used in lyrics or everyday speech. The singular form "gusla" is found only in Eastern Serbia, west of the Timok , around Niš , Ivanjica , as well as in the area of the Zlatibor. On Korčula only "gusla" is in use. The term "gusle" by Alberto Fortis has been introduced into European literature. "Gusle"

2430-525: The player's knees, with the left hand fingers on the neck. The strings are never pressed to the neck, giving a harmonic and unique sound. The most common and traditional version is single-stringed, while a much less-common version is the two-stringed found in Bosanska Krajina and in Lika . The varieties of the guslar music are based on cultural basis; the content of the stories of each ethnic group

2484-635: The region, resulting from Ottoman pressure against the local Serb populace. It was crushed by December. The Bosnian Frontier, like the rest of Bosnia and Herzegovina, participated in the Herzegovina Uprising against the Ottoman Empire (1875–1878). During World War II , Bosanska Krajina was known for its very strong resistance to the Fascist regime of the Independent State of Croatia . The local Serb population in Bosanska Krajina

2538-438: The regions, which are still sung today. Croatia's most famous contemporary guslar is Mile Krajina . Although gusle are not a part of mainstream popular music, the instrument has been included into songs by some musicians such as Marko Perković Thompson , Mate Bulić and Dario Plevnik . Gusle recordings can be heard on a number of CD compilations published by Croatian ethnologists, which are in most cases distributed locally by

2592-563: The singers and players themselves, shepherds or even by specialized gusle builders from urban areas. Most lyrics center around historical figures who played an important role in Croatian history (often folk heroes who died tragic deaths, such as hajduks ) or significant historical events (mostly battles against invaders or occupying powers). Perhaps the most famous Croatian guslar poets was Andrija Kačić Miošić , an 18th-century monk who created and collected many gusle lyrics and songs throughout

2646-453: The title Lahuta . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lahuta&oldid=1251201778 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Lahut%C3%AB Singing to

2700-527: Was also upgraded (1626, 1834) until their eventual surrender in the 19th century. The building remains to this day as a monument to the Ottoman conquest of Bosnia. Bihać held out longer than Bužim; it was a free royal city and at one time the capital of the Kingdom of Croatia (metropolis et propugnaculum totius regni Croatiae). But, in 1592 the Turkish army of about 20,000 under Hasan Predojević , an Ottoman vizier , attacked and forcefully occupied Bihać. When

2754-590: Was considered one of the poorest regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina. This poverty was a contributing factor to 1950 Cazin Uprising against the communist government, the only such uprising in post-war Bosnia and Herzegovina and Yugoslavia. The later economic boom and prosperity of Bosanska Krajina was mostly due to planned urban development programs that were created specifically for this region in early and mid-1970s by Urban Institute in Banja Luka. The development

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2808-661: Was further stimulated by the simplification of the banking system that encouraged investments in resource processing industry. As a result, the region has seen a boom in agricultural and industrial production. Agrokomerc , a food manufacturing industry located in northwest region was the largest food manufacturer in Bosnia and Herzegovina and former Yugoslavia. Other industries included chemical industry Saniteks in Velika Kladuša, electronics industry Rudi Cajevec in Banja Luka, Textile industry Sana in Bosanski Novi as well as

2862-456: Was stated that a Serbian guslar performed at the court of Władysław II Jagiełło in 1415. The earliest known Serbian guslar is referred to in 1551 by Hungarian historian Sebastian Tinody, saying, "There are many gusle players here in Hungary, but none is better at the Serbian style than Dimitrije Karaman". In addition Sebastian describes the performance, explaining that the guslar would hold

2916-622: Was targeted in the Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia by the regime's Croat and Bosniak bands, serving as an overture to future conflicts at the end of the 20th century. The anti-fascist Yugoslav Partisan movement in the Bosanska Krajina region was more ethnically diverse than in any other part of former Yugoslavia during World War II. In the winter of 1942–1943, the Yugoslav Partisans established

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