Misplaced Pages

#308691

69-551: Six towns: Two townships: This Hubei location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Hubei Hubei is a province in Central China . It has the seventh-largest economy among Chinese provinces, the second-largest within Central China, and the third-largest among inland provinces. Its provincial capital at Wuhan serves as a major political, cultural, and economic hub for

138-481: A Viceroy of Huguang , one of the most well-known viceroys being Zhang Zhidong (in office between 1889 and 1907), whose modernizing reforms made Hubei (especially Wuhan ) into a prosperous center of commerce and industry. The Huangshi / Daye area, south-east of Wuhan, became an important center of mining and metallurgy. In 1911, the Wuchang Uprising took place in modern-day Wuhan. The uprising started

207-613: A general amnesty and changed the reign era. He also appointed Emperor Huai as an official and demoted his title to Duke of Ping'a. Back in Luoyang, Liu Yao and Wang Mi attacked each other over disagreements during the course of the sacking, but soon reconciled. While Wang Mi suggested that they shift the capital to Luoyang, Liu Yao believed that the city was too surrounded by enemies and instead burnt it down before leaving. Not long after, Han capitalized on their victory by sending Liu Yao and Liu Can to conquer Chang'an from Jin, briefly bringing

276-679: A culturally unique blend of northern and southern culture, and it developed into a powerful state that controlled much of the middle and lower Yangtze River , with its power extending northwards into the North China Plain . During the Warring States period (475–221 BC) Chu became the major adversary of the upstart State of Qin to the northwest (in present-day Guanzhong , Shaanxi province), which began to assert itself by outward expansionism. As wars between Qin and Chu ensued, Chu lost more and more land: first its dominance over

345-415: A decade before the last Jin remnants in the north were wiped out. Emperor Huai was executed in 313 after Liu Cong suspected of him of rebelling. Luoyang remained a hotly contested region among the competing states in the coming years, but it would not be until 495, during the reign of Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei , that it regained its status as a capital. This article related to the history of China

414-635: A group that also encompasses the Mandarin dialects of most of southwestern China. Perhaps the most celebrated element of Hubei cuisine is the Wuchang bream , a freshwater bream that is commonly steamed. Types of traditional Chinese opera popular in Hubei include Hanju and Chuju ( 楚剧 ; Chǔ Jù ). The Shennongjia area is the alleged home of the Yeren , a wild undiscovered hominid that lives in

483-558: A hub of higher education and research in China. Wuhan is the city that has the largest college student population in the world (1.3 million) studying in its 89 universities. Prior to the construction of China's national railway network, the Yangtze and Hanshui Rivers had been the main transportation arteries of Hubei for many centuries, and still continue to play an important transport role. Historically, Hubei's overland transport network

552-507: A letter written by a Sogdian merchant named Nanai-vandak, who claimed that every single one of the diaspora Sogdian and Indian in the city had died of starvation. Sima Yue’s call for reinforcements went largely ignored, and reinforcements from Jing province in the south were blocked by rebelling refugees in Nanyang Commandery . Liu Can and Shi Le marched east out of Huanyuan Pass (轘轅關; approximately 3 kilometers northwest of

621-456: A mound of corpses. He also had Jin imperial tombs dug up and burned down the palaces, ancestral temples, and government offices. Liu Yao sent Emperor Huai and his six imperial seals back to Pingyang, while claiming the former empress of the late Emperor Hui of Jin , Yang Xianrong as his wife. The fall of Luoyang and capture of Emperor Huai was a symbolic victory for the Han, as Liu Cong declared

690-615: A welcome respite from Wuhan's and Yichang's summer heat, as well as skiing opportunities in winter. The tourist facilities in that area concentrate around Muyu in the southern part of Shennongjia , the gateway to Shennongjia National Nature Reserve ( 神农架国家自然保护区 ). Closer to the provincial capital, Wuhan, is the Mount Jiugong ( Jiugongshan ) national park, in Tongshan County near the border with Jiangxi . A particular important site of both natural and cultural significance

759-526: Is Mount Wudang ( Wudangshan ) in the northwest of the province. Originally created early in the Ming dynasty , its building complex has been listed by UNESCO since 1994 as a World Heritage Site . Disaster of Yongjia The Disaster of Yongjia ( simplified Chinese : 永嘉之乱; traditional Chinese : 永嘉之亂) occurred in 311 CE (5th year of the Yongjia era of the reign of Emperor Huai of Jin ), when forces of

SECTION 10

#1732776553309

828-724: Is divided into thirteen prefecture-level divisions (of which there are twelve prefecture-level cities (including a sub-provincial city ) and one autonomous prefecture ), as well as three directly administered county-level cities (all sub-prefecture-level cities ) and one directly administered county-level forestry area. At the end of 2017, the total population was 59.02 million. * – including Forestry district ** – Directly administered county-level divisions The thirteen Prefecture and four directly administered county-level divisions of Hubei are subdivided into 103 county-level divisions (39 districts , 24 county-level cities , 37 counties , 2 autonomous counties , 1 forestry district;

897-587: Is located at Yichang in the west of the province. The Hubei region was home to sophisticated Neolithic cultures. By the Spring and Autumn period (770–476 BC), the territory of today's Hubei formed part of the powerful State of Chu . Chu, nominally a tributary state of the Zhou dynasty , was itself an extension of the Chinese civilization that had emerged some centuries before in the north; but Chu also represented

966-672: Is modest compared to other Chinese provinces. Hubei is well known for its mines of fine turquoise and green faustite. Hubei was a major recipient of China's investment in industrial capacity during the Third Front campaign. Since completion in 2012, the Three Gorges Dam in western Hubei provides plentiful hydroelectricity , with an average annual power production of 95 Twh. Existing hydroelectric stations include Gezhouba , Danjiangkou , Geheyan , Hanjiang , Duhe , Huanglongtan , Bailianhe , Lushui and Fushui . Hubei

1035-470: Is the 7th-largest provincial economy of China, the second largest in the Central China region after Henan , the third largest in the South Central China region after Guangdong and Henan and the third largest among inland provinces after Henan and Sichuan . As of 2021 , Hubei's nominal GDP was US$ 787 billion (CNY 5 trillion). Its GDP (nominal) per capita exceeded US$ 13,000, making it

1104-662: The Battle of Red Cliffs (208 or 209), warlords Liu Bei and Sun Quan drove Cao Cao out of Jingzhou. Liu Bei then took control of Jingzhou and appointed Guan Yu as administrator of Xiangyang (in modern Xiangyang, Hubei ) to guard Jing province; he went on to conquer Yizhou (the Sichuan Basin), but lost Jingzhou to Sun Quan; for the next few decades Jingzhou was controlled by the Wu Kingdom , ruled by Sun Quan and his successors. The incursion of northern nomadic peoples into

1173-616: The Cultural Revolution in the 1960s, Wuhan saw fighting between rival Red Guard factions. In July 1967, civil strife struck the city in the Wuhan Incident ("July 20th Incident"), an armed conflict between two hostile groups who were fighting for control over the city at the height of the Cultural Revolution. As the fears of a nuclear war increased during the time of Sino-Soviet border conflicts in

1242-507: The Five Dynasties to the north and Shu to Shizhou (施州, in modern Enshi , Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture ). The Song dynasty reunified the region in 982 and placed most of Hubei into Jinghubei Circuit , a longer version of Hubei's current name. Mongols conquered the region in 1279, and under their rule the province of Huguang was established, covering Hubei, Hunan, and parts of Guangdong and Guangxi . During

1311-453: The North China Plain to their cause. Accompanying the constant warfare were deadly famines, with many people in northern China becoming refugees or bandits, along with rampant cases of cannibalism . In 308, the Han shifted their capital to Pingyang Commandery , bringing themselves close to the Jin capital, Luoyang . Prior to 311, there were several attempts by Han to take Luoyang. In June 308,

1380-620: The Shaolin Monastery in Henan) and Chenggao Pass (成皋關; in present-day Xingyang , Henan) respectively, launching raids on the commanderies of Liang , Runan , Chenliu and Yingchuan . Shi Le attempted to take Cangyuan (倉垣, in present-day Kaifeng , Henan) in Chenliu, but was defeated by the Jin general, Wang Zan (王讚). After retreating to Wenshi Crossing (文石津; southwest of present-day Xun County , Henan), Shi Le invaded Nanyang, seizing

1449-738: The Sichuan Basin , then (in 278 BC) its heartland, which correspond to modern Hubei. In 223 BC Qin chased down the remnants of the Chu regime, which had fled eastwards during Qin's wars of uniting China . Qin founded the Qin dynasty in 221 BC, the first unified dynasty in China . The Qin dynasty was succeeded in 206 BC by the Han dynasty , which established the province ( zhou ) of Jingzhou in today's Hubei and Hunan . The Qin and Han played an active role in

SECTION 20

#1732776553309

1518-741: The Xinhai Revolution , which overthrew the Qing dynasty and established the Republic of China . In 1927 Wuhan became the seat of a government established by left-wing elements of the Kuomintang , led by Wang Jingwei ; this government later merged into Chiang Kai-shek 's government in Nanjing . During World War II the eastern parts of Hubei were conquered and occupied by Japan , while the western parts remained under Chinese control. During

1587-587: The Xiongnu -led Han-Zhao dynasty captured and sacked Luoyang , the capital of the Western Jin dynasty . Han's army committed a massacre of the city's inhabitants, killing the Jin crown prince, a host of ministers, and over 30,000 civilians. They also burnt down the palaces and dug up the Jin dynasty's mausoleums. Though the Western Jin would survive for a few more years, this event is often seen as one of

1656-513: The richest landlocked province , the richest province in the Central China region, and 2nd richest province in South Central China region after Guangdong . Han Chinese form the dominant ethnic group in Hubei. A considerable Miao and Tujia population live in the southwestern part of the province, especially in Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture . On October 18, 2009, Chinese officials began to relocate 330,000 residents from

1725-576: The Chinese rebel, Wang Mi , who at this point had only nominally submitted to Han, led his forces to attack Luoyang shortly after emptying the armory in Xuchang . Despite an early scare, the city defenders, with reinforcements from Liang province , managed to repel him that same month. In autumn 309, encouraged by a Jin defector who claimed that the city was weak and isolated, the Emperor of Han, Liu Yuan , sent his son, Liu Cong to attack Luoyang. Along

1794-577: The Hubei and Henan provinces that will be affected by the Danjiangkou Reservoir on the Han river . The reservoir is part of the larger South-North Water Transfer Project . Religion in Hubei The predominant religions in Hubei are Chinese folk religions , Taoist traditions and Chinese Buddhism . According to surveys conducted in 2007 and 2009, 6.5% of the population believes and is involved in cults of ancestors , while 0.58% of

1863-589: The Mongol rule, in 1331, Hubei was devastated by an outbreak of the Black Death , which reached England , Belgium , and Italy by June 1348, and which, according to Chinese sources, spread during the following three centuries to decimate populations throughout Eurasia. The Ming dynasty (1368–1644) drove out the Mongols in 1368. Their version of Huguang province was smaller, and corresponded almost entirely to

1932-454: The Tang dynasty placed present-day Hubei under the jurisdiction of several circuits : Jiangnanxi Circuit in the south; Shannandong Circuit (山南东道) in the west, and Huainan Circuit in the east. After the Tang dynasty disintegrated in the early 10th century, Hubei came under the control of several regional regimes: Jingnan in the center, Yang Wu and its successor Southern Tang to the east,

2001-585: The Yangtze and han representing the Han River. The Yangtze River enters Hubei from the west via the Three Gorges ; the eastern half of the Three Gorges ( Xiling Gorge and part of Wu Gorge ) lie in western Hubei, while the western half is in neighbouring Chongqing . The Han River enters the province from the northwest. After crossing most of the province, the two great rivers meet at the center of Wuhan,

2070-515: The adjacent Chongqing municipality) is the scenic area of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze. Located in the far west of the province, the gorges can be conveniently visited by one of the numerous tourist boats (or regular passenger boats) that travel up the Yangtze from Yichang through the Three Gorges and into the neighboring Chongqing municipality. The mountains of western Hubei , in particular in Shennongjia District, offer

2139-709: The boats to prevent the emperor from escaping. Wang Mi arrived at the Xuanyang Gate (宣陽門; on the southern wall next to the Pingchang Gate) on 7 July while Liu Yao arrived at the Ximing Gate (西明門; the southmost end of the western wall) on 8 July. On 13 July, Huyan Yan and Wang Mi captured the Xuanyang Gate. They entered the Southern Palace (南宮) and ascended through the front of Taiji Hall (太極殿), where they allowed their soldiers to sack it and capture

Laifeng County - Misplaced Pages Continue

2208-591: The capital Wuhan (the epicenter of the outbreak). Authorities partially or fully locked down 15 cities, directly affecting 57 million people. Following severe outbreaks in numerous other countries, including in different areas of the world, the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 a pandemic in March 2020. However, after more than eight weeks, the lockdown on most cities in the province

2277-458: The capital to his base in Cangyuan, sending his subordinate, Liu Hui (劉會) with several dozen boats, 500 guards and 1,000 hú (斛) of grain to welcome him. The emperor wanted to go, but many of his ministers and attendants were initially reluctant to leave, not wanting to leave behind their wealth and property, and so he decided to remain. Soon, however, the famine in Luoyang reached a point where

2346-412: The city, but was harassed by thieves and forced back into his palace. Liu Cong sent his general Huyan Yan with 27,000 soldiers to attack Luoyang while ordering Liu Yao, Wang Mi and Shi Le to join him. Before reaching Henan , Huyan Yan defeated the Jin army twelve times and killed more than 30,000 soldiers. As the other generals were yet to arrive, he stored his supplies at the ramparts near Luoyang that

2415-538: The court, Yue had the emperor's favourite courtiers executed and replaced the veteran palace guards, who participated in various coups during the War of the Eight Princes, with soldiers from his own fief. In early 310, a plague of locusts swept through most parts of northern China, including the Luoyang region, causing widespread famine. The severity of the famine is attested in one of Aurel Stein's "Ancient Letters",

2484-1023: The directly administered county-level divisions are included here). Those are in turn divided into 1234 township-level divisions (737 towns , 215 townships , nine ethnic townships , and 273 subdistricts ). Secretaries of the Chinese Communist Party Hubei Committee: Governors of Hubei: Hubei is often called the "Land of Fish and Rice" ( 鱼米之乡 ). Important agricultural products in Hubei include cotton , rice , wheat , and tea , while industries include automobiles , metallurgy, machinery, power generation, textiles, foodstuffs and high-tech commodities. Mineral resources that can be found in Hubei in significant quantities include borax , hongshiite , wollastonite , garnet , marlstone , iron , phosphorus , copper , gypsum , rutile , rock salt , gold amalgam, manganese and vanadium . The province's recoverable reserves of coal stand at 548 million tons, which

2553-430: The emperor sent him an imperial edict permitting him to campaign against the prince. However, Yue discovered their plot after intercepting their messenger and prepared to attack Gou Xi, but became overly-stressed by the situation to the point he was bedridden. He passed responsibility over to the minister, Wang Yan , before dying in 23 April 311. Wang Yan decided to lead the imperial army, which had grown to 100,000, towards

2622-462: The extension of farmland in Hubei, maintaining a system of river dikes to protect farms from summer floods. Towards the end of the Eastern Han dynasty in the beginning of the 3rd century, Jingzhou was ruled by regional warlord Liu Biao . After his death in 208, Liu Biao's realm was surrendered by his successors to Cao Cao , a powerful warlord who had conquered nearly all of north China; but in

2691-659: The fall of Chang'an, a group of Jin generals gathered at Anding Commandery and led a combined force to retake the city. Xun Fan's general, Yan Ding , brought Sima Ye over to join them, and after recapturing Chang'an in 312, Ye ascended the throne, posthumously known as Emperor Min of Jin. With his government, the Western Jin would survive before they were finally crushed by Han in 316. Several other parts of northern China continued to resist Han, such as Liu Kun in Bing province and Zhang Gui in Liang province, and it would take more than

2760-557: The first reactor would start construction in 2011 and go online in 2015. However, construction of the first phase had yet to start as of 2018 . On 1 December 2019, the first case of COVID-19 in the COVID-19 pandemic was identified in the city of Wuhan . In January 2020, the SARS-CoV-2 virus was officially identified, leading local and federal governments to implement massive quarantine zones across Hubei province, especially in

2829-487: The following years, authorities resettled millions of people from western Hubei to make way for the construction of the dam. A number of smaller dams have been constructed on the Yangtze's tributaries as well. The Xianning Nuclear Power Plant is planned in Dafanzhen, Tongshan County, Xianning, to host at least four 1,250-megawatt (MW) AP1000 pressurized-water reactors. Work on the site began in 2010; plans envisaged that

Laifeng County - Misplaced Pages Continue

2898-411: The forested hills. The people of Hubei are given the uncomplimentary nickname " Nine-headed Birds " by other Chinese, from a mythological creature said to be very aggressive and hard to kill. "In the sky live nine-headed birds. On the earth live Hubei people." ( 天上九头鸟，地上湖北佬 ; Tiānshàng jiǔ tóu niǎo, dìshàng Húběi lǎo ) Wuhan is one of the major culture centers in China. Hubei is thought to be

2967-480: The inhabitants started eating each other, and around eighty to ninety percent of the government officials abandoned the capital. Emperor Huai held a council with his remaining ministers, urging that they leave, but his guards and followers were unprepared, and there were no carts or carriages to transport them. He sent out Fu Zhi and a few other officials to gather more boats and oars from nearby Heyin (河陰, in modern Luoyang, Henan). Meanwhile, he also tried to walk though

3036-630: The late 1960s, the Xianning prefecture of Hubei was chosen as the site of Project 131 , an underground military-command headquarters. The province—and Wuhan in particular—suffered severely from the 1954 Yangtze River Floods . Large-scale dam construction followed, with the Gezhouba Dam on the Yangtze River near Yichang started in 1970 and completed in 1988; the construction of the Three Gorges Dam , further upstream, began in 1993. In

3105-490: The modern provinces of Hubei and Hunan combined. Hubei lay geographically outside the centers of the Ming power. During the last years of the Ming, today's Hubei was ravaged several times by the rebel armies of Zhang Xianzhong and Li Zicheng . The Manchu Qing dynasty which took control of much of the region in 1644, soon split Huguang into the modern provinces of Hubei and Hunan. The Qing dynasty, however, continued to maintain

3174-935: The name of "Province of Lakes"; the largest of these lakes are Liangzi Lake and Hong Lake . The numerous hydrodams have created a number of large reservoirs, the largest of which is the Danjiangkou Reservoir on the Han River, on the border between Hubei and Henan . Hubei has a humid subtropical climate ( Cfa or Cwa under the Köppen climate classification ), with four distinct seasons. Winters are cool to cold, with average temperatures of 1 to 6 °C (34 to 43 °F) in January, while summers are hot and humid, with average temperatures of 24 to 30 °C (75 to 86 °F) in July; punishing temperatures of 40 °C (104 °F) or above are widely associated with Wuhan,

3243-670: The north on the border with Henan ; to the southeast, the Mufu Mountains form the border with Jiangxi . The highest peak in Hubei is Shennong Peak , found in the Daba Mountains of the forestry area of Shennongjia ; it has an altitude of 3105 m. The two major rivers of Hubei are the Yangtze River and its left tributary, the Han River ; they lend their names to the Jianghan Plain – Jiang representing

3312-604: The original Wuhan-Guangzhou line, opened in late 2009, it was subsequently extended to the north, to Beijing becoming the Beijing–Guangzhou high-speed railway . An east-west high-speed corridor connecting major cities along the Yangtze, the Shanghai–Wuhan–Chengdu passenger railway was gradually opened between 2008 and 2012, the Wuhan–Yichang railway section of it opening in 2012. The Wuhan–Xiaogan intercity railway

3381-663: The palace servants. Emperor Huai attempted to flee through the gates of Hualin Garden (華林園), hoping to escape to Chang'an , but he was subdued by Han troops and imprisoned at the Duan Gate (端門; the main southern gate of the palace). Liu Yao entered through the Ximing Gate and camped at the Arsenal. On 14 July, he massacred around 30,000 civilians, including the Crown Prince, Sima Quan (司馬詮), other princes and officials, and built

3450-405: The population identifies as Christian, declining from 0.83% in 2004. The reports did not give figures for other types of religion; 92.92% of the population may be either irreligious or involved in worship of nature deities , Buddhism, Confucianism , Taoism, folk religious sects . People in Hubei speak Mandarin dialects; most of these dialects are classified as Southwestern Mandarin dialects,

3519-565: The prince’s fief in Donghai to hold his funeral, but in May, Shi Le ambushed and annihilated the Jin army at the Battle of Ningping . With the main Jin force in the north destroyed, Luoyang was now without an army to defend it. After hearing of Sima Yue's death, He Lun, Li Yun and Yue's other followers fled the capital, but were defeated by Shi Le at Weicang (洧倉; northwest of present-day Yanling County, Henan ). Gou Xi proposed to Emperor Huai to move

SECTION 50

#1732776553309

3588-467: The province that originated the card game of dou dizhu . As of 2022, Hubei hosts 130 institutions of higher education, ranking sixth together with Hunan (130) among all Chinese provinces after Jiangsu (168), Guangdong (160), Henan (156), Shandong (153), and Sichuan (134). The Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan University and many other institutions in Wuhan make it

3657-401: The provincial capital. Among the notable tributaries of the Yangtze within the province are the Shen Nong Stream (a small northern tributary, severely affected by the Three Gorges Dam project); the Qing , a major waterway of southwestern Hubei; the Huangbo near Yichang ; and the Fushui River in the southeast. Thousands of lakes dot the landscape of Hubei's Jianghan Plain, giving Hubei

3726-452: The provincial capital. The mountainous districts of western Hubei, in particular Shennongjia , with their cooler summers, attract numerous visitors from Wuhan and other lowland cities. Besides the capital Wuhan , other important cities are Jingmen ; Shiyan , a center of automotive industry and the gateway to the Wudang Mountains ; Yichang , the main base for the gigantic hydroelectric projects of southwestern Hubei; and Shashi . Hubei

3795-493: The region and absorbing the local rebels. With the attacks and famine worsening by the day, Sima Yue wanted to bring the imperial army out on the field to campaign against Shi Le. Emperor Huai objected to this decision but was ignored. On 22 December 310, Yue marched out with the 40,000-strong imperial army along with many veteran generals and important ministers, initially camping at Xuchang before moving to nearby Xiang County (項縣; in present-day Shenqiu County , Henan). The emperor

3864-427: The region at the beginning of the 4th century ( Five Barbarians' rebellion and Disaster of Yongjia ( 永嘉之乱 )) began nearly three centuries of division into a nomad-ruled (but increasingly Sinicized) north and a Han Chinese -ruled south. Hubei, to the south, remained under southern rule for this entire period, until the unification of China by the Sui dynasty in 589. In 617 the Tang dynasty replaced Sui, and later on

3933-401: The region. Hubei is associated with the historical state of E that existed during the Western Zhou dynasty ( c.  1045  – 771 BCE). Its name means 'north of the lake', referring to Dongting Lake . It borders Henan to the north, Anhui and Jiangxi to the east, Hunan to the south, and Chongqing and Shaanxi to the west. The high-profile Three Gorges Dam

4002-520: The throne, Liu Cong renewed effort to take Luoyang, sending his son Liu Can , Wang Mi and Liu Yao with 40,000 troops and the Jie general Shi Le to join them at Dayang (大陽; in present-day Yuncheng , Shanxi ) with 20,000 cavalries. They defeated the Jin general, Pei Miao (裴邈) at Mianchi before breaking into the Luoyang region. Meanwhile, the situation for Jin within Luoyang had greatly deteriorated. Tensions were high between Sima Yue and Emperor Huai of Jin ; previously in 309, to strengthen his grip on

4071-444: The two ancient capitals under their control. With Emperor Huai in captivity, several provisional governments were set up. A brother of Sima Quan, Sima Duan (司馬端) fled to Gou Xi, who acclaimed him the new Crown Prince and moved their base from Cangyuan to Mengcheng . However, Mengcheng suffered from famine and plague, and Shi Le soon captured the two men. Fu Zhi established a provisional government in Heyin, but had very little reach and

4140-447: The way, Liu Cong defeated several Jin generals before reaching Yiyang . However, he became complacent with his victories and did not set up any defense. A Jin general Yuan Yan (垣延) pretended to surrender to him and launched a surprise attack on his camp at night, forcing the Han forces to retreat. In winter, Liu Cong attacked Luoyang again, this time accompanied by Wang Mi, his cousin Liu Yao , and others. He reached Yiyang in December, but

4209-521: The worst disasters in Chinese history, as both the emperor and one of the ancient capitals fell to the hands of “barbarian” forces. Despite the War of the Eight Princes concluding in early 307, the Western Jin court, under the paramountcy of the Prince of Donghai, Sima Yue , must now deal with an assortment of rebellions throughout the empire. Most concerning was the Xiongnu in Bing province , who had established their own state of Han back in 304 and were attracting Han Chinese and tribal rebels on

SECTION 60

#1732776553309

4278-448: Was extinguished by Han in 312. The Jin Inspector of You Province , Wang Jun , also formed his own provisional government within his domain, acclaiming an unnamed candidate as the new Crown Prince. Days before the fall, a minister, Xun Fan fled the city, and following Emperor Huai's capture, he founded a provisional government at Mi County . Emperor Huai and Xun Fan's 11-year-old nephew, Sima Ye sought refuge with him. Meanwhile, after

4347-463: Was hampered by the lack of bridges across the Yangtze River , which divides the province into northern and southern regions. The first bridge across the Yangtze in Hubei, the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge was completed in 1957, followed by the Zhicheng Bridge in 1971. As of October 2014 , Hubei had 23 bridges and tunnels across the Yangtze River, including nine bridges and three tunnels in Wuhan. The railway from Beijing reached Wuhan in 1905, and

4416-451: Was later extended to Guangzhou, becoming the first north-to-south railway mainline to cross China. A number of other lines crossed the province later on, including the Jiaozuo–Liuzhou railway and Beijing–Kowloon railway , respectively, in the western and eastern part of the province. The first decade of the 21st century has seen a large amount of new railway construction in Hubei. The Wuhan–Guangzhou high-speed railway , roughly parallel to

4485-461: Was left behind with a defenseless city under the watchful eyes of Yue’s confidants, Pan Tao , He Lun (何倫) and Li Yun (李惲), along with his son Sima Pi (司馬毗) and concubine Lady Pei . At this point, Emperor Huai could no longer tolerate Yue’s abuse of power and attempted to depose him. He secretly made regular contact Yue’s second-in-command, Gou Xi , who also had a falling out with the prince. Soon, Gou Xi began openly denouncing Yue for his crimes, and

4554-418: Was lifted. The Jianghan Plain takes up most of central and southern Hubei, while the west and the peripheries are more mountainous , with ranges such as the Wudang Mountains , the Jing Mountains , the Daba Mountains , and the Wu Mountains (in rough north-to-south order). The Dabie Mountains lie to the northeast of the Jianghan Plain, on the border with Henan and Anhui ; the Tongbai Mountains lie to

4623-434: Was opened in December 2016 and it was extended when the Wuhan–Shiyan high-speed railway opened in November 2019. Hubei's main airport is Wuhan Tianhe International Airport . Yichang Sanxia Airport serves the Three Gorges region. There are also passenger airports in Xiangyang , Enshi , and Jingzhou ( Shashi Airport , named after the city's Shashi District ). The province's best-known natural attraction (shared with

4692-425: Was previously built by the Jin general, Zhang Fang in 303. On 29 June 311, he reached the city itself and attacked Pingchang Gate (平昌門; on the southern wall) the next day. He captured the gate on 2 July and proceeded to set fire to the Dongyang Gate (東陽門; on the eastern wall) and several government buildings. However, as his peers had still not yet arrived, he withdrew with his loot and captives on 3 July while burning

4761-507: Was repeatedly defeated by Sima Yue, with many of his generals being killed. In the end, Liu Yuan ordered him to retreat that same month. For the rest of his reign, Liu Yuan did not encroach on Luoyang, although his generals continued to raid the North China Plain and recruit more followers. He died in August 310 and was succeeded by his heir Liu He . A week into his reign, Liu He initiated a purge on his brothers, killing all but three before Liu Cong retaliated and killed him. Shortly after taking

#308691